CN103081767A - Protected cultivation method for cherries - Google Patents
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- CN103081767A CN103081767A CN 201110332479 CN201110332479A CN103081767A CN 103081767 A CN103081767 A CN 103081767A CN 201110332479 CN201110332479 CN 201110332479 CN 201110332479 A CN201110332479 A CN 201110332479A CN 103081767 A CN103081767 A CN 103081767A
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- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009554 growth spurt Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001481710 Cerambycidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001441330 Grapholita molesta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000819714 Monema flavescens Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001454293 Tetranychus urticae Species 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of protective cultivation for plants, in particular to a protected cultivation method for cherries. The protected cultivation method is characterized in that early maturity of the cherries is promoted by managing steps of selecting a field, selecting varieties of cherry plants, reasonably densely planting the cherry plants, covering a greenhouse by plastic films, managing the greenhouse and removing the films, so that the cherries can come into markets early, and the problem, which is difficult to solve by open field culture, of low-temperature freezing injury in a flowering stage is solved. The protected cultivation method has the advantages that the traditional cherry cultivation method implemented by fruit growers is changed, early maturity of the cherries is promoted, the problem, which is difficult to solve by the open field culture, of low-temperature freezing injury in the flowering stage is solved, and a cherry planting benefit is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant facility culture technical field, be specially a kind of method of facility cultivation cherry.
Background technology
Industrialized agriculture belongs to the high investment high production, fund, technology, labor-intensive industry.It is to utilize the artificial facility of building, make traditional farming progressively break away from the constraint of nature, move towards the only way of modern factoriesization agricultural, environmental safety type agricultural production, nontoxic agricultural, also simultaneously the break traditions seasonalities of agricultural of agricultural product, realize the anti-season listing of agricultural product, further satisfy the effective ways of diversification, multi-level consumption demand.Facility cultivation cherry listing early, high efficiency, outdoor cropping is ripe at the beginning of by the end of April to 5 month, 3～6 yuan/kg of unit price, and can reach 60 yuan/kg at the beginning of by the end of March to 4 month, price has improved 10～20 times.Simultaneously, greenhouse cultivation can overcome the insoluble low temperature during flowering freeze injury of outdoor cropping problem, stable yield, and better results.But NORTHWEST CHINA does not also have the successful technology of utilizing the greenhouse cultivation cherry successfully, sums up through repetition test, works out the technology of greenhouse cultivation cherry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to utilize the greenhouse cultivation cherry, promote the precocity of cherry, listing, overcome the insoluble low temperature during flowering freeze injury of outdoor cropping problem ahead of time.
To achieve these goals, the concrete steps of the present invention's employing are as follows:
1, the field is selected
Should be chosen in leeward on the sunny side, subterranean water level is low, be difficult for long-pending waterlogging, soil layer is deep, good permeability, water holding capacity are strong, build the garden on the sandy loam of pH value 6.0～7.5 or gravelly loam.
2, kind is selected
The facility cultivation kind should be take the less early-maturing variety of chilling requirement as main, as red light, early large fruit, Zhifu are red etc.Also can take early-maturing variety under main prerequisite, suitably select good medium variety morning, as the pioneer, beautiful early, Italy is early red etc., to extend the listing phase.
When selecting main breed, configure consistent with the main breed florescence or approach, pollination affinity by force, the pollinated variety of high yield, high-quality.The pollination ratio is 1: 4.Should be every 2～4 row main breeds, lining out 1 row pollinated variety.
3, rational close planting
The booth cherry is planted and is selected plant spring.Spring plants and should carry out before nursery stock germinates after soil thaws, generally with March early and middle ten days the most suitable.On the soil of medium fertility, seeding row spacing should adopt 4m * 4m or 4m * 5m, 510～630 strains of planting/hm2.In order to strengthen the lighting performance of booth, should adopt the north and south row to.
4, the button canopy is processed
Carry out the age of tree of facility cultivation booth cherry more than 5 years, stable yield is at 7500kg/hm2.The requirement of low temperature amount of cherry is generally 1440h below 7.2 ℃.Can begin to detain in January canopy.
5, booth management
(1), temperature adjusting
1. heating is mainly to be equipped with electric radiator device in canopy, utilizes ferment material to improve soil temperature, impels temperature to raise.Ferment material commonly used is mainly bright horsehit and bright barnyard manure etc., and middle wine heat is manured into soil.
2. lower the temperature due to the optimum temperature of the temperature in fine, that illumination is sufficient noon booth higher than the cherry growth, must be aeration-cooling, mainly take 2 kinds of methods of gravity-flow ventilation and artificial draft.
3. the antifreeze generation of taking during canopy enclosing cover straw screen or mat, cold current in canopy the method such as the outer fumigation of canopy before heating water, frost to prevent freeze injury.
(2), humidity regulation
Humidity in booth is regulated by ventilation and Controlled irrigation measure.
When 1. ventilation takes to change temperature conditioned air humidity, suitably reduce air humidity, temperature can raise.When in canopy, relative moisture is 100%, 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, relative moisture reduces by 5%, in the temperature range of 5～10 ℃, 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, relative moisture reduces by 3%～4%.When in booth, relative moisture was too large, the method for taking to ventilate reduced air humidity.The ventilation wet down is as the criterion not affect temperature of shed.
2. pour water.Irrigate in booth take gradation in turn the method for hole irrigation carry out, in order to avoid to cause in canopy that air humidity increases excessive because of irrigation, or because irrigating decrease ground temperature.
(3), flower and fruit management
1. dredge the flower bud fruit thinning: dredging flower bud and carry out before blooming, is mainly Xiao Hua and the malformed flower that removes on thin and delicate fruit branch, keeps 2～3 full, healthy and strong buds on every bouquet shape fruit branch.Fruit thinning generally carries out after physiological fallen fruit, and fruitlet, malformed fruit and painted bad lower ghlory flower are removed.1 bouquet shape fruit branch stays 3～4 fruits to get final product, maximum 4～5.
2. fruit color: lay reflectorized material.Front 10～the 15d of fruit harvesting, lay reflex film under tree crown to strengthen the bath light path degree of fruit, promotes fruit color.
3. prevent dehiscent fruit: can at cherry fruit stone phase to the 2 Growth spurts, make the dark soil moisture content of 10～30cm be stabilized in 12% left and right.Also can be before gathering the spraying calcium salt, namely 1 0.299% liquid calcium chloride of spraying weekly before fruit picking, spray 3 times altogether, can increase the soluble solid content in fruit, reduces the dehiscent fruit rate.
6, remove the film management
After fruit harvesting, remove the canopy film.In time weeding imposes composite fertilizer, and in time waters.Remove upright, prosperous long shoot as far as possible.Take the method for pinching, control the growth force of branch of repeatedly growing well, make the tree body keep the golden mean of the Confucian school.Note carrying out simultaneously control and the fertilizing in autumn of damage by disease and insect, to improve the stored nutrient level of tree body.
(1) extermination of disease and insect pest
Early or mid June (bud form phase) is is mainly prevented and treated the insect pest such as red neck longicorn, scale insect, two spotted spider mite and leaf diseases, gummosis etc.Mainly prevent and treat insect pest and the leaf diseases such as oriental moth, boat-shaped caterpillar, oriental fruit moth in late June to August (shoot growth phase).
(2) autumn basal dressing
The 9-10 month (slow vegetative period of young sprout), the autumn basal dressing take farmyard manure as main (the 60kg/ strain is set greatly in treelet 25～30kg/ strain), can mix appropriate composite fertilizer or trace element in conjunction with expanding the cave.Should in time water, cover grass after the autumn basal dressing.
Protect blade November (vegetative storage phase) and be the work of most important, most critical this moment.Want the attention control early defoliation disease, in good time, water in right amount, prevent arid.Note the variation of weather, grasp the leaf fall period, front 1 week can spray 5% urea liquid what fall leaves, to increase tree body nutrient accumulation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is to change traditional orchard worker to the cultivation method of cherry, promotes the precocity of cherry, and listing, improved the cherry planting benefit ahead of time, also overcomes the insoluble low temperature during flowering freeze injury of outdoor cropping problem.
Embodiment
Do in conjunction with the method for Gansu Lanzhou Suburb greenhouse cultivation cherry and illustrate.
Example one,
1, the field is selected: in Lanzhou Suburb cherry planting experiment base, this base is leeward on the sunny side, subterranean water level is low, soil layer is deep, good permeability, water holding capacity are strong, the sandy loam of pH value 6.5～7.5.
2, kind is selected: red light, two kinds of large fruit morning.Also selecting good medium variety morning, pioneer, Italian early red in to extend the listing phase.The pollination ratio is 1: 4, every 2～4 row main breeds, and lining out 1 row pollinated variety.
3, rational close planting: the booth cherry is planted and is selected plant spring, carry out before nursery stock germinates after soil thaws, with March early and middle ten days the most suitable.Seeding row spacing should adopt 4m * 4m or 4m * 5m, 510～630 strains of planting/hm2.
4, the button canopy is processed: the age of tree of cultivation booth cherry is more than 5 years, and stable yield is at 7500kg/hm2.The requirement of low temperature amount of cherry is generally 1440h below 7.2 ℃.Can begin to detain in January canopy.
5, booth management (1), temperature adjusting: 1. heating is mainly to be equipped with electric radiator device in canopy, utilizes ferment material to improve soil temperature, impels temperature to raise.Ferment material commonly used is mainly bright horsehit and bright barnyard manure etc., and middle wine heat is manured into soil.2. lower the temperature due to the optimum temperature of the temperature in fine, that illumination is sufficient noon booth higher than the cherry growth, must be aeration-cooling, mainly take 2 kinds of methods of gravity-flow ventilation and artificial draft.3. the antifreeze generation of taking during canopy enclosing cover straw screen or mat, cold current in canopy the method such as the outer fumigation of canopy before heating water, frost to prevent freeze injury.
(2), humidity regulation: the humidity in booth is regulated by ventilation and Controlled irrigation measure.When 1. ventilation takes to change temperature conditioned air humidity, suitably reduce air humidity, temperature can raise.When in canopy, relative moisture is 100%, 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, relative moisture reduces by 5%, in the temperature range of 5～10 ℃, 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, relative moisture reduces by 3%～4%.When in booth, relative moisture was too large, the method for taking to ventilate reduced air humidity.The ventilation wet down is as the criterion not affect temperature of shed.2. pour water.Irrigate in booth take gradation in turn the method for hole irrigation carry out, in order to avoid to cause in canopy that air humidity increases excessive because of irrigation, or because irrigating decrease ground temperature.
(3), flower and fruit management: 1. dredge the flower bud fruit thinning: dredging flower bud and carry out before blooming, is mainly Xiao Hua and the malformed flower that removes on thin and delicate fruit branch, keeps 2～3 full, healthy and strong buds on every bouquet shape fruit branch.Fruit thinning generally carries out after physiological fallen fruit, and fruitlet, malformed fruit and painted bad lower ghlory flower are removed.1 bouquet shape fruit branch stays 3～4 fruits to get final product, maximum 4～5.2. fruit color: lay reflectorized material.Front 10～the 15d of fruit harvesting, lay reflex film under tree crown to strengthen the bath light path degree of fruit, promotes fruit color.
3. prevent dehiscent fruit: can at cherry fruit stone phase to the 2 Growth spurts, make the dark soil moisture content of 10～30cm be stabilized in 12% left and right.Also can be before gathering the spraying calcium salt, namely 1 0.299% liquid calcium chloride of spraying weekly before fruit picking, spray 3 times altogether, can increase the soluble solid content in fruit, reduces the dehiscent fruit rate.
6, remove the film management
After fruit harvesting, remove the canopy film.In time weeding imposes composite fertilizer, and in time waters.Remove upright, prosperous long shoot as far as possible.Take the method for pinching, control the growth force of branch of repeatedly growing well, make the tree body keep the golden mean of the Confucian school.Note carrying out simultaneously control and the fertilizing in autumn of damage by disease and insect, to improve the stored nutrient level of tree body.
(1) extermination of disease and insect pest: early or mid June (bud form phase) is is mainly prevented and treated the insect pest such as red neck longicorn, scale insect, two spotted spider mite and leaf diseases, gummosis etc.Mainly prevent and treat insect pest and the leaf diseases such as oriental moth, boat-shaped caterpillar, oriental fruit moth in late June to August (shoot growth phase).
(2) autumn basal dressing: the 9-10 month (slow vegetative period of young sprout), the autumn basal dressing take farmyard manure as main (the 60kg/ strain is set greatly in treelet 25～30kg/ strain), can mix appropriate composite fertilizer or trace element in conjunction with expanding the cave.Should in time water, cover grass after the autumn basal dressing.Protect blade November (vegetative storage phase) and be the work of most important, most critical this moment.Want the attention control early defoliation disease, in good time, water in right amount, prevent arid.Note the variation of weather, grasp the leaf fall period, front 1 week can spray 5% urea liquid what fall leaves, to increase tree body nutrient accumulation.
Adopt the present invention to carry out the method for facility cultivation cherry, the precocity of promotion cherry 2 months is gone on the market ahead of time, has improved the cherry planting benefit, also overcomes the insoluble low temperature during flowering freeze injury of outdoor cropping problem.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a facility cultivation cherry, it is characterized in that carrying out field selection, kind selection, rational close planting,
The button canopy is processed, booth is managed, remove the precocity that six steps of film management promote cherries, and listing, overcome the insoluble low temperature during flowering freeze injury of outdoor cropping problem ahead of time.
2. the method for a kind of facility cultivation cherry as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: when the field was selected, soil was elected sandy loam as, between pH value 6.5～7.5, kind is selected: red light, two kinds of large fruit morning, and the age of tree is more than 5 years, and the pollination ratio is 1: 4, every 2～4 row main breeds, lining out 1 row pollinated variety, seeding row spacing should adopt 4m * 4m or 4m * 5m, 510～630 strains of planting/hm2, the requirement of low temperature amount of cherry is 1440h below 7.2 ℃, begins to detain canopy at the beginning of 1 month.
3. the method for a kind of facility cultivation cherry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when its booth management is 100% for controlling the interior relative moisture of canopy, 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, relative moisture reduces by 5%, in the temperature range of 5～10 ℃, 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, relative moisture reduces by 3%～4%; Dredge flower bud and carry out before blooming, keep 2～3 full, healthy and strong buds on every bouquet shape fruit branch, 1 bouquet shape fruit branch stays 3～4 fruits, maximum 4～5, the front 10～15d of fruit harvesting, lay reflex film under tree crown, to strengthen the bath light path degree of fruit, promote fruit color; At cherry fruit stone phase to the 2 Growth spurts, make the dark soil moisture content of 10～30cm be stabilized in 12% left and right, also can be before gathering the spraying calcium salt, it is 1 0.299% liquid calcium chloride of spraying weekly before fruit picking, spray altogether 3 times, can increase the soluble solid content in fruit, reduce the dehiscent fruit rate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110332479 CN103081767A (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2011-10-27 | Protected cultivation method for cherries |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110332479 CN103081767A (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2011-10-27 | Protected cultivation method for cherries |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103081767A true CN103081767A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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| CN 201110332479 Pending CN103081767A (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2011-10-27 | Protected cultivation method for cherries |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105145254A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-16 | 唐乾军 | Cherry cultivation method of cutting trunk for promoting precocity |
| CN106234126A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州中魁农业（集团）泽美园林绿化有限公司 | The cultural method of booth Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi |
| CN106386370A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-15 | 重庆果之王园艺有限公司 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method of Chinese cherries in southern China |
| CN107567913A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-12 | 贵州普定印象朵贝农业开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of black pearl cherry |
| CN111165252A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-19 | 民勤县彭颖林果技术研发中心 | Large cherry northwest desert drought climate condition facility cultivation method |
| CN117694167A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-03-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preventing cherry from cracking |
| CN119138258A (en) * | 2024-11-05 | 2024-12-17 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Out-of-season delayed cultivation method for sweet cherry applicable to southern areas |
| CN119183864A (en) * | 2024-11-05 | 2024-12-27 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating sweet cherry in south area in 2 years and 3 seasons out of season |
-
2011
- 2011-10-27 CN CN 201110332479 patent/CN103081767A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105145254A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-16 | 唐乾军 | Cherry cultivation method of cutting trunk for promoting precocity |
| CN106234126A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州中魁农业（集团）泽美园林绿化有限公司 | The cultural method of booth Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi |
| CN106386370A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-15 | 重庆果之王园艺有限公司 | Rain-sheltering cultivation method of Chinese cherries in southern China |
| CN107567913A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-12 | 贵州普定印象朵贝农业开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of black pearl cherry |
| CN111165252A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-19 | 民勤县彭颖林果技术研发中心 | Large cherry northwest desert drought climate condition facility cultivation method |
| CN117694167A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-03-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preventing cherry from cracking |
| CN119138258A (en) * | 2024-11-05 | 2024-12-17 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Out-of-season delayed cultivation method for sweet cherry applicable to southern areas |
| CN119183864A (en) * | 2024-11-05 | 2024-12-27 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating sweet cherry in south area in 2 years and 3 seasons out of season |
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Application publication date: 20130508 |