CN110115187A - A kind of cherry high-density planting method - Google Patents

A kind of cherry high-density planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110115187A
CN110115187A CN201910328816.XA CN201910328816A CN110115187A CN 110115187 A CN110115187 A CN 110115187A CN 201910328816 A CN201910328816 A CN 201910328816A CN 110115187 A CN110115187 A CN 110115187A
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cherry
density planting
road
picking
density
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CN110115187B (en
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吴延军
赵新军
戚行江
周慧芬
盛莉
袁玥
杨肖芳
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation more particularly to a kind of cherry high-density planting methods.A kind of cherry high-density planting method, method includes the following steps: 1) using 2.0 ~ 2.2 m × 0.4 of distance between rows and hills ~ 0.6m high-density planting;Level land drainage trenching, in the ranks using the plantation of one of two kinds of modes: one, field planting share operations road and picking road between 2 side of gutter, 2 rows;Secondly, field planting far from gutter middle position, 2 side of tree body reserve operation road and picking road;2) single trunk is high level cadre, the low dry or low dry combination of high level cadre after being colonized, and forms multiple tracks cherry wattled wall.This method is using high-density planting and by the way of forming cherry wattled wall, improve land utilization ratio, the amount of labour used is few and cherry early yield can be improved, facilitate picking, garden can be opened with different times in same canopy and reduces loss, is a kind of novel cultivation mode of particularly suitable picking industry developed regions development of going sightseeing.

Description

A kind of cherry high-density planting method
Technical field
It is one the present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation more particularly to a kind of cherry high-density planting method, this method Kind is particularly suitable for the novel cherry cultivation mode for going sightseeing to pick the development of industry developed regions.
Background technique
Traditional cherry cropping pattern: 4 m of mountainous region distance between rows and hills × (3~4) m, the level land m of 4 m × 4, about 42 ~ 56 plants per acre. Tree-like to mostly use natural open centre shape, 50 cm are done surely more than graft union, and surely dry position is higher.This mode has the drawback that Tree body forming is slow, and the arrival best fruiting period needs the time long, and early yield is extremely low.Interior thorax is easy inanition after forming, sets shape in addition after It is preced with larger, land utilization ratio is low, and is inconvenient to pick, and need to often assist the tools such as ladder.Because cherry is afraid of flood, planting site usually needs The drainage trenching on the outside of tree body hat width, causing tourist to walk into garden, picking is inconvenient, and worker management's inconvenience increases cost.
Chinese invention patent application (publication number: CN107258451A, publication date 2017.10.20) is disclosed and a kind of can be mentioned The implantation methods of high cherry yield, including step are as follows: the season of the suitable plantation cherry of selection: in annual 2 months to March Between carry out the plantation of cherry tree, and make cherry tree every two to nuzzle and planted;This method can improve the plantation of cherry yield Method, input-output ratio is high, and more ethnic groups can be promoted to plant cherry, the yield of cherry is effectively improved, be conducive to the growth of cherry tree, Endurable acquisition cherry fruit, increases the income of plant personnel.But the distance for the cherry tree nuzzled described in this method is 2-4 Rice, the cherry tree nuzzled are 7-11 meters at a distance from other cherry trees.
Chinese invention patent application (publication number: CN106577087A, publication date 2017.04.26) discloses a kind of cherry The implantation methods of tree bury two native stakes to every 10-15cm in cherry tree planting field expert, draw two iron wires between two native stakes;It will Cherry tree is planted between every two iron wires, and every plant of cherry tree averagely stays 3-5 results to be tied up on the iron wire of the right and left respectively At 70-85 degree angle, 25-35cm high from the ground, the plant of cherry tree is away from for 40-50cm, line-spacing 130-150cm.The Shen Although high-density planting please and be used, too small line-spacing is unfavorable for later period picking, is not suitable for the hair of picking sight-seeing agriculture Exhibition.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cherry high-density planting method, This method improves land utilization ratio, the amount of labour used is few and can mention using high-density planting and by the way of forming cherry wattled wall High cherry early yield, facilitates picking, can open garden with different times in same canopy and reduce loss, is a kind of be particularly suitable for It goes sightseeing to pick the novel cultivation mode that industry developed regions are developed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, present invention employs technical solutions below:
A kind of cherry high-density planting method, method includes the following steps:
1) 2.0 ~ 2.2 m × 0.4 of distance between rows and hills ~ 0.6m high-density planting is used;Level land drainage trenching, in the ranks using two kinds of modes it A plant:
One, field planting share operations road and picking road between 2 side of gutter, 2 rows;
Secondly, field planting far from gutter middle position, 2 side of tree body reserve operation road and picking road;
2) single trunk is high level cadre, the low dry or low dry combination of high level cadre after being colonized, and forms multiple tracks cherry wattled wall.
In the application, high level cadre with it is low it is dry combine can be in the ranks combine, be also possible to row in combination.In the ranks combination can be Every row is all that perhaps every row is all that low dry perhaps the low dry combination of a line high level cadre a line or several several rows of row high level cadre are low to high level cadre Dry combination.Combination refers to all high level cadres in a line in row, alternatively, in a line in all low dry or a line one plant be High level cadre, one plant is high level cadre for several strains in low dry combination or a line, and several strains are low dry combination.
As a further improvement, every 1.6 ~ 1.8 m drainage trenching of the application step 1), drainage trenching be 0.2 ~ 0.4 m × 0.4 m, wardrobe use T cabinet frame when cherry tree is colonized, and found 1 concrete column to every 4m along row.Single steel wire is drawn to be used between column and column It is colonized the support of back fence wall tree body.Required concrete column can be with partial common when building for this concrete column and lew.
As a further improvement, 30 cm fixed pole of graft union or more and 1.5 m is respectively adopted not after the field planting of the application step 2 The mode taken the lead is respectively formed the low dry and high level cadre of single trunk.
As a further improvement, using quarter bud and bud element rush bud hair branch is lured to be formed in 1 m of the application step 2 trunk base portion More result area, shoot growth using the overgrowth for drawing branch or pinching controlling measurement branch, promote flower rush fruit in the process.In this way It can promote to form cherry wattled wall early.
As a specific embodiment, the application step 2 cherry wattled wall is 1 m wide, 2 m high.
As a specific embodiment, 1.5m eminence is drawn on the concrete column in the application step 2 row at 4 m of interval One single steel wire.It can prevent tourist from crossing, reduction touches down fruit loss, and the formula result wall that can support a fence.Because tourist without Method shuttle can then accomplish that garden is even opened with canopy in same garden by stages and in groups, facilitate the kind of plantation different ripening stages, utilize the maturity period Difference increases income.
As a specific embodiment, the application, which is colonized, uses annual, the above seedling of rugosity 1cm;It is gone when field planting Except grafting membrane, damage root system is cut off and to the root system cutting back for being up to 30 cm or more;It first is stained with root with mud before plant, is matched in mud Enter 400 times of 2% copper sulphate, 50% carbendazim or 75% thiophanate-methyl liquid disinfectants;A hand handle calcium magnesium phosphate is put for every plant when field planting, is poured Saturating root water;It is colonized after quick-fried bud and spreads fertilizer over the fields the former compound fertilizer of a hand handle sulfur-bearing three every 10 days or so 2 ~ 3 seedlings;Young sprout is long to 10 centimeters Pinching is primary, and outwardly, terminal bud follows blade tip direction to grow to top point after half a month, as growth needs repeated topping;At the end of May ~ July Part to spring of over growth, summer shoot in addition to drawing branch pinching can when young sprout grows 10 cm~15 ㎝ tree crown spray plant growth 200 times of regulator PBO liquid~300 times liquid 1 time ~ 2 controlling the treetops and hastening blossom;It prunes at once after picking fruit, each fruitful branch stays The cm long of 5 cm~10, terminal bud is outwardly under clip.This mode is more convenient than natural open centre shape mode manually to be managed in two sides.
As a further improvement, the application garden can be effectively prevent florescence in early spring frost, be put down using the simple canopy of anti-bird of taking shelter from rain When bird pest and dehiscent fruit.Better monomer or conjoined green house plantation can be used in the good farmer of condition.During fruit annesl, soil contains Water is controlled 50%~60%.Tree crown overlay film before rain takes off film after rain in time, and the same period, full garden can cover mulch or sod culture.
Cherry plantation pest and disease damage is less, and disease mainly has branch-rot, root knot, Bacterial septicaemia syndrome;Insect pest mainly has aphid Worm, oriental fruit months etc..Adhere to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", reasonable selection cultural control, physical control and biology Prevention and treatment.It advocates using measures such as trap lamp, insect-sticking plates, preferentially using high-efficiency low-toxicities remainss of pesticide such as biological source and mineral sources, sternly Lattice control safety interval, formulation rate and spraying times.Winter clear garden is carried out, when with 5 ° of lime sulfur envelope gardens of Baume and plantation Root system processing prevention and treatment root knot.
Present patent application provides that a kind of land utilization ratio is high, the amount of labour used is few and can be with due to using above-mentioned technical solution Cherry early yield is improved, picking is facilitated, garden can be opened with different times in same canopy and reduce loss, be particularly suitable for picking The novel cultivation mode of industry developed regions development.This mode using high-density planting (cherry seedling price is low, density increase at This increase is not significant), tree body dry is intersected and short dry 3 kinds of combinations using the high level cadre of single trunk, high level cadre with short.Tree body goes alone hedge Basketry wall can guarantee in the ranks management to be facilitated apart from larger to reduce recruitment and tourist is facilitated to walk picking, and steel wire is connected resistance in row Tourist is stopped and has in the ranks shuttled and touched down fruit and reduce loss, and it can not in the ranks shuttle, and can open garden by stages and in groups with canopy.Plantation Afterwards 15 months every plant can receive 0.5 ~ 1 jin of fruit, 300 ~ 600 jin of per mu yield, higher than traditional mode (0.5 ~ 1 jin of fruit of every plant of traditional mode, mu Produce 40 ~ 60 jin), volume variance is extremely significant, and deficiency in economic performance is heteropolar significant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure that high density goes alone wattled wall mode approach one (cherry tree is colonized in centre, and two sides are to operate band) Figure.
Fig. 2 is the photo figure that high density goes alone wattled wall mode approach one.
Fig. 3 is 27 months result phase photo figures that high density goes alone wattled wall mode approach one.
Fig. 4 is the structure that high density goes alone thick hedge layer model mode two (cherry tree is colonized two sides, and centre is operation band) Figure.
Fig. 5 is the photo figure that high density goes alone thick hedge layer model mode two.
Fig. 6 is the field planting current year result phase photo figure that high density goes alone wattled wall mode approach two.
Fig. 7 is 15 months maturity periods result phase photo figure that high density goes alone wattled wall mode approach two.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is made a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The application uses distance between rows and hills 2 m × 0.5 m, per acre about 667 plants of plantations.Every 1.6 ~ 1.8 m in level land digs 0.2 ~ 0.4 The gutter the m of m × 0.4.Wardrobe use T cabinet frame when cherry tree is colonized, and found 1 concrete column to every 4m along row, draw between column and column Single steel wire is for being colonized the support of back fence wall tree body.This concrete column when being built with lew required concrete column can partially be total to With.In the ranks planted using two kinds of modes: 1) field planting gutter 2 side, 2 rows between share operations road and picking road, distance compared with Greatly;2) it is colonized in the middle position far from gutter, 2 side of tree body reserves operation road and picking road.
It is respectively adopted 30 cm fixed pole of graft union or more after field planting or mode that 1.5 m do not take the lead forms low dry and high level cadre, with High level cadre, the high level cadre of single trunk combine with low dry intersection and low dry 3 kinds of modes.It is used in 1 m of trunk base portion and carves bud and bud element is lured to promote Bud hair branch forms more result area.The overgrowth for drawing the controlling measurements branch such as branch and pinching is used during shoot growth, Promote flower and promotees fruit.Promote the cherry wattled wall for forming 1 m wide, 2 m high early with this.1.5m on concrete column in row at 4 m of interval Eminence draws a single steel wire, it can prevents tourist from crossing, reduction touches down fruit loss, and the formula result wall that can support a fence.Cause Tourist can not shuttle, and can accomplish that garden is even opened with canopy in same garden by stages and in groups, facilitate the kind of plantation different ripening stages, utilize Maturity period difference increases income.
The application, which is colonized, uses annual, the above seedling of rugosity 1cm.Grafting membrane is removed when field planting, cuts off damage root system simultaneously To the root system cutting back for being up to 30 cm or more.Plant before is first stained with root with mud, be incorporated in mud 2% copper sulphate, 50% carbendazim or 75% 400 times of thiophanate-methyl liquid disinfectant.A hand handle calcium magnesium phosphate is put for every plant when field planting, irrigates root water.It is colonized after quick-fried bud often The former compound fertilizer of a hand handle sulfur-bearing three is spread fertilizer over the fields every 10 days or so 2 ~ 3 seedlings.Young sprout length it is primary to 10 centimeters of pinching, top point outwardly, Terminal bud follows blade tip direction to grow after half a month, as growth needs repeated topping.Spring, summer of the at the end of May ~ July to over growth The tip in addition to drawing branch pinching can in young sprout long 10 cm~15 ㎝ tree crown spray plant growth regulator 200 times of liquid of PBO 1 time ~ 2 times controlling the treetops and hastening blossom of~300 times of liquid.It prunes at once after picking fruit, each fruitful branch stays the cm long of 5 cm~10, clip Lower terminal bud is outwardly.This mode is more convenient than natural open centre shape mode manually to be managed in two sides.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of cherry high-density planting method, method includes the following steps:
1) 2.0 ~ 2.2 m × 0.4 of distance between rows and hills ~ 0.6m high-density planting is used;Level land drainage trenching, in the ranks using two kinds of modes it A plant:
One, field planting share operations road and picking road between 2 side of gutter, 2 rows;
Secondly, field planting far from gutter middle position, 2 side of tree body reserve operation road and picking road;
2) single trunk is high level cadre, the low dry or low dry combination of high level cadre after being colonized, and forms multiple tracks cherry wattled wall.
2. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1) every 1.6 ~ 1.8 m drainage trenchings, drainage trenching be the m of 0.2 ~ 0.4 m × 0.4, cherry tree be colonized when wardrobe use T cabinet frame, along row to every 4m founds 1 concrete column.
3. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that divide after step 2 field planting 30 cm fixed poles and 1.5 m are respectively formed the low dry and high level cadre of single trunk not more than the graft union by the way of not taking the lead.
4. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2 trunk base portion Quarter bud is used in 1 m and bud element is lured to promote bud hair branch and forms more result area, and shoot growth is arranged using drawing branch or pinching in the process The overgrowth of control branch is applied, promotees flower and promotees fruit.
5. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2 cherry hedge Wall is 1 m wide, 2 m high.
6. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that interval in step 2 row 1.5m eminence draws a single steel wire on concrete column at 4 m.
7. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that field planting uses 1 year It is raw, the above seedling of rugosity 1cm;Grafting membrane is removed when field planting, cuts off damage root system and to the root system cutting back for being up to 30 cm or more; It first is stained with root with mud before plant, 400 times of 2% copper sulphate, 50% carbendazim or 75% thiophanate-methyl liquid disinfectants are incorporated in mud;It is fixed A hand handle calcium magnesium phosphate is put for every plant when plant, irrigates root water;It is colonized after quick-fried bud and spreads fertilizer over the fields a hand handle every 10 days or so 2 ~ 3 seedlings and contain The former compound fertilizer of sulphur three;Young sprout length is primary to 10 centimeters of pinching, and outwardly, terminal bud follows blade tip direction to grow to top point after half a month, with Growth need repeated topping;At the end of May ~ July can grow 10 in young sprout in addition to drawing branch pinching to the spring of over growth, summer shoot 200 times of tree crown spray plant growth regulator PBO liquid~300 times liquid 1 time ~ 2 controlling the treetops and hastening blossom when cm~15 ㎝;Fruit It prunes at once after picking, each fruitful branch stays the cm long of 5 cm~10, and terminal bud is outwardly under clip.
8. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that garden is anti-using taking shelter from rain The simple canopy of bird, or planted using better monomer or conjoined green house;During fruit annesl, soil moisture content control 50%~ 60%;Tree crown overlay film before rain takes off film after rain in time, and the same period, full garden can cover mulch or sod culture.
9. a kind of cherry high-density planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cherry plants pest and disease damage Prevention and treatment is advocated using measures such as trap lamp, insect-sticking plates, preferentially using high-efficiency low-toxicities remainss of pesticide such as biological source and mineral sources, strictly Control safety interval, formulation rate and spraying times;Winter clear garden is carried out, with root when 5 ° of lime sulfur envelope gardens of Baume and plantation System's processing prevention and treatment root knot.
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