CN104838935A - Early management method of planting sweet cherries in south warm region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an early management method of planting sweet cherries in a south warm region. The varieties of the sweet cherries comprise Fanduan, summit, Rainey, Hongmi, santina, Russian I or Kosmytchekaja, the used stock is folium isatidis or Gisela, and the early management method comprises the three steps of ridging, field planting and shaping as well as pruning. The early management method disclosed by the invention provides a manner of cultivating a variety with few requirements at a low temperature, combining dwarf stock, utilizing the treatments of ridging and planting in the autumn, taking tree shape cultivation as the center for a young tree, focusing on cutting in the summer instead of in the winter, drawing branches, carving buds, balancing the condition of the tree, and controlling a crown to quickly achieve the fruiting area. According to the early management method, the agricultural structure in the south warm region is regulated, the income is increased for countryside, farmers and agriculture, the ecological environment is improved, and the early management method has important significance on promoting the regional economic development of the region.

Description

The warm area plantation in south sweet cherry Early postoperative management method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the warm area plantation in south sweet cherry Early postoperative management method.

Background technology

Cherry is the rose family (Rosaceae) Prunus cherry Subgenus, and the cherry kind in the world as fruit growing has sweet cherry, sour cherry tree, cherry and Nanking cherry.China's cherry of cultivating as business mainly sweet cherry ( prunus aviuml.) and cherry ( cerasus pseudocerasus).Usually said sweet cherry refers to sweet cherry, also claims large cherry, is commonly called as car li son, and it is the Main way of current and even later cherry development.Sweet cherry fruit lovely luster, sparkling and crystal-clear beauty, red in agate, yellow as congealed fat, sweet flavor, fruit is rich in the multiple element such as sugar, protein, vitamin and calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium, especially iron, and in every hectogram cherry, iron-holder reaches 5.9mg, occupy in fruit the first, deeply by consumers.

Compared with cherry, sweet cherry fruit is large, quality better, storage tolerance, is the Main way of current and even later cherry development.Sweet cherry fruit is short for growth cycle, morning in maturing stage, with cherry with the good reputation having ' all kinds of fruits first '.With growth in the living standard; sweet cherry has become high-grade fruit; price also increases to 20 ~ 40 yuan/kilogram; precocious area reaches 50 ~ 60 yuan/kilogram; and protecting field up to 70 ~ 100 yuan/kilogram; even higher, plantation sweet cherry becomes the plant husbandry of superelevation profit, is described as ' gold plant husbandry ', ' rising industry '.38.0 ten thousand hectares and 213.1 ten thousand tons have been reached respectively to world's sweet cherry gross areas in 2013 and output.As an efficient plant husbandry, the production area of world's sweet cherry and output linearly ascendant trend always.The sweet cherry of China's cultivation is mainly the national kinds such as Europe and North America, and in the northern area of China, performance is good.Due to larger market potential and higher planting benefit, China sweet cherry is produced and is also rapidly to the highland that cools such as Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and cloud, expensive, river by places of production such as traditional Shandong, Liaoning and expands.While " tradition " Bohai Gulf area and " emerging " cool the flourish sweet cherry industry in highland, the introducing and planting that sweet cherry is also constantly attempted as the R&D institution of the In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang Rivers such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Shanghai and agribusiness in warm area, south, attempts sweet cherry industry south to advance.

Pujiang County is positioned in the middle part of Zhejiang Province, is located in north latitude 29 ° 27 ', east longitude 119 ° 53 ', belongs to subtropics monsoon climate.Average temperature of the whole year 16.6 DEG C, average annual precipitation 1412.2 millimeters.1996.2 hours sunshine of year.About 238 days frost-free season.The time of annual temperature below 7.2 DEG C is at 1100 hours.Generally 6, July set-in of plum rains, May, rainfall was also larger.As can be seen here, Pujiang plantation sweet cherry can meet the chilling requirement requirement of part kind, but it is too high to need to overcome summer temp, the unfavourable weather factor that rainfall is large.Rainfall is large, and summer temp is too high, and can cause sweet cherry excessive growth (only spending fruitless), flower early stage and florescence high temperature, be deteriorated by flood, dehiscent fruit, fruit quality, damage by disease and insect is multiple etc.If can cultivate successfully in Zhejiang, comparable northern outdoor cropping is gone on the market in advance, fruit maturation early, increase market supply phase of sweet cherry, save cost of transportation, price is high, has very high economic profit, more can develop city green agriculture and Sightseeing Orchard, the adjustment structure of rural undertaking, increases suburb farmers' income.And sweet cherry is early ripe, fruit development period is short, from setting to maturation, substantially need not go and buy Chinese medicine, and more easily reaches " green " or " organic " standard, can provide the freshest healthy fruit for Residents in Shanghai.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the warm area plantation in south sweet cherry Early postoperative management method, the standardized Technical system of the method integrated efficient, to the warm regional agricultural sector structure adjustment in south, rural area, peasant, to get agricultural profit, improve the ecological environment, drive local area economic development significant.

In order to realize above-mentioned object, present invention employs following technical scheme:

The warm area plantation in south sweet cherry Early postoperative management method, described sweet cherry variety selects that Fan is short, Sa meter Tuo, thunder Buddhist nun, red honey, Sang Tina, No. 1, Russia or early large fruit, the stock used is folium isatidis or Gisela, and sweet cherry Early postoperative management method comprises the following steps:

One, ridging:

Field planting ridge height 0.4m, wide 1.5m, seeding row spacing is 2m × 4m, digs the drain ditch of dark, wide each 0.2m in the ranks;

Two, field planting:

Treelet adopts fall planting or spring planting, every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2000kg before field planting, is stained with the anti-crown gall of root before field planting with the K84 of 10 times, pours water heavy real, and cover black mulch film moisture-keeping after ridging field planting;

Three, shaping and pruning:

1) shaping:

Warm regional sweet cherry amount of growth is large, uses spindle in field; The height of tree be shaped controls at below 2.5m, hat 2.5 ~ 3m;

Spindle Shu Tiju center is done, and treelet is based on sparse branching and carve bud, cultivates side shoot and fruit bearing shoot, forms standard as early as possible tree-like; Plantation First Year fall leaves in the winter time after before rudiment in spring in tree body mobile jib overhead 60cm place fixed pole, clip lower first bud distance clip 1.5cm stays full bud, and strong for pumping prosperous branch is done trunk elongated shoot by it; 2 buds under this bud are erased; To impel the sprouting of other bud; Send out branch below after the beginning of spring, stay 4 ~ 5, form the ground floor of tree body; Second Year chooses every about 10cm below mobile jib that orientation staggers, full 3 buds, and above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch; Carving bud width is the half of branch thick; Form the second layer of tree body; After determining to do, clip will wax, paint or animal fat;

If directly plant seedlings person, then in mobile jib overhead 1 meter of fixed pole, under clip, full bud is stayed at 2cm place, and 2 buds under this bud will be erased; Stay the 4th bud, then smear 3 buds, choose that orientation staggers, full 3 buds after staying 1 bud every about 10cm, above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch, and carving bud width is the half of branch thick; Directly form two layers of major branch in this approach;

If base portion, more than the seedling of 1 major branch, the most important thing is selected mobile jib, select enriching shoot, vertical angle large and distribution branch comparatively placed in the middle is left mobile jib, other branch is according to following principle process: when branch is many, and competitive branch stays 1 ~ 2 bud cutting back at base portion; When competitive branch is few, competitive branch is evened up, when to draw, allow the balanced occupancy level space of branch as far as possible; Along shoot growth direction, can cut under the above 60cm place of branch, lower first bud of clip is apart from more than clip 1.5cm, and strong for germinating prosperous branch is done trunk elongated shoot by the first bud; Bud below lower first bud of clip within 10cm will be erased; Choose that orientation staggers, full 3 buds more in its lower section every about 10cm, above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch;

2) prune:

Because southern Growth status amount is obviously greater than the north, treelet carries out the summer pruning at the center that is shaped as, and wants regular and irregularly carry out from April to August; The main method of summer pruning comprises angle of release, pinching, top clipping, turns round the tip, except sprouting and drawing branch; Draw branch: carry out after the beginning of spring; Must draw along the bearing of trend of branch when to draw, angle 80 ~ 90 degree;

Carve bud: rudiment in spring carves bud in first 15 days, inspires branch and bouquet shape brachyplast, bud at the quarter position of back bud, lateral bud and lower bud and mode difference; Back bud carves bud after bud, reduces nutrient, impels into bud; If back bud is carved bud and very easily formed water sprout before bud, not only can not play and promote into colored effect, reduce nutrient on the contrary; Lateral bud and lower bud carve bud before having bud, inspire branch; North carves bud before bud, and object becomes branch in order to short bud; Other as angle of release from field planting May then to November, the upper mitogenetic young sprout toothpick growing into 20cm is done to center or small bamboo spike carries out support branch the first transaction of a day's business base angle; Sprig grows to 10 cm pinching or turns round the tip, to grow after 2 ~ 3 leaves priming leaf repeatedly.

The present invention proposes the kind utilizing cultivation chilling requirement few, in conjunction with dwarfing type stock, utilize ridging; Fall planting; Treelet by cultivate tree-like centered by; The heavy summer cuts, and the light winter cuts, and draws branch to carve bud, and balance tree vigo(u)r controls tree crown and reaches result area fast.To the warm regional agricultural sector structure adjustment in south, rural area, peasant, to get agricultural profit, improve the ecological environment, drive local area economic development significant.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1: sweet cherry is in the performance in Zhejiang Province; A: Fan is short, B: Sa meter Tuo, C: thunder Buddhist nun, D: red honey, E: sweet cherry florescence, F: lopsided young fruit.

Embodiment

1, Introduced Varieties:

We have successively introduced more than 30 kind at gradation, wherein from Bulgarian introduced variety 3, Shandong Fruit-tree Inst.'s introduced variety 15, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao City introduced variety 10, northwest agricultural university introduces 2 (table 1), observe the phenophase and plant growth characteristics that describe sweet cherry growth in detail on Pujiang and other places, and greatly tree carries out the phenophase, output, fruit quality observe record to life in 4 years wherein introduced for 2009.

Table 1 is from the part sweet cherry variety of domestic introduction

2, Introduced Varieties is in the performance of Pujiang County:

1) Introduced Varieties next year is in the performance of Pujiang County:

Introduce a fine variety next year, draw phenophase and the result situation of 15 kinds, within 2010, be rudiment at the beginning of 3 months at Pujiang, contain flower by the end of March, ripe before and after most of kind mid-May.Wherein the percentage of fertile fruit of thunder Buddhist nun is the highest, is 64.3%; Next is that pioneer and Fan are short, reaches more than 48% respectively.The percentage of fertile fruit of beautiful morning, red Nanyang, Ukraine's series of products and Russian No. 1 is relatively low.After major part fruit is fully ripe, quality is good, and early the pol of large fruit reaches 18.5; And no-dehiscent fruit phenomenon occurs.Its chilling requirement of sweet cherry of Pujiang plantation in 2010 is in Shandong accumulation, so 2010 are only and can not represent the truth of sweet cherry at Pujiang as a reference.

2) Introduced Varieties was observed in the Pujiang County phenophase:

Within 2012, Introduced Varieties is many in rudiment in March, and mid or late March was bloomed at the beginning of 4 months, and mid or late May is ripe, and late November starts fallen leaves, and progresses into dormancy (table 1).Bloom and Cheng Shu Qi Zhuo than north sweet cherry want Zao.

Table 1, Pujiang County sweet cherry are introduced a fine variety the phenophase and are observed

Continued 1

Continued 1

3) Introduced Varieties is observed in Pujiang County breediness:

Output and commodity fruit rate

From table 2 sweet cherry result behavioral observation, each variety yield roughly can be divided into 3 classes: 1) Fan is short, and Sa meter Tuo, thunder Buddhist nun strain are produced and can be reached 20 ~ 40 jin/strain (Figure 1A ~ C); 2) red honey, Sang Tina, No. 1, Russia, early large fruit strain are produced and are reached 10 ~ 20 jin/strain, and wherein early large fruit output is unstable, best with 2014; 3) red light, beautiful early output relatively low (table 2).

Table 2: result behavioral observation introduced a fine variety by sweet cherry

One-tenth flower ability and the normal flower rate of observing Introduced Varieties in plantation have obvious difference simultaneously, and wherein short, the red honey of Fan becomes flower ability best, and flower amount is large, and trees are in full blossom (Fig. 1 E); Lei Nihua amount is moderate; Red light becomes flower ability the poorest.Therefore will take different cultivation steps in producing, Fan's short, red honey flower amount is large, need reduce invalid flower and improve fruiting rate further; Red light flower amount needs short flower at least, improves into colored power.

Deformed fruit rate statistics finds, wherein malformed fruit rate soprano is that Fan is short, reaches 29.7%, and red honey, red light, very good, Sa meter Tuo take second place in proper order.All the other kind malformed fruit rates are less, and more than 95% is commodity fruits.There are Shuangzi fruit, three son fruits, four sons fruit (Fig. 1 F) even in garden.Even can accept in the malformed fruit rate of present stage 30%, along with going deep into gradually of the sweet cherry marketization, abnormal rate height will become limiting factor.Therefore also need to consider this factor after output reaches requirement when Zhejiang plantation sweet cherry.

2.3.2 fruit quality

The sweet cherry fruit quality that Zhejiang produces is as shown in table 3, with same breed at northern grown place no significant difference.As long as reach a standard in Zhejiang sweet cherry economic production quantity visible, fruit quality temporarily can not become the factor of developmental limitation.

Table 3: Pujiang County sweet cherry is introduced a fine variety fruit quality and observed

Continued 3

Continued 3

3 are suitable for the recommendation of new cultivars in Pujiang development:

By this comprehensive observing of nearly 10 years, when especially having a regional development sweet cherry in similar habitat to Pujiang in Zhejiang area, Fan is short, the successful possibility of kind such as Sa meter Tuo, Lei Ni and red honey is larger.They at the result photo of Pujiang as Fig. 1.

4, southern sweet cherry rootstock is on the impact of sweet cherry variety:

The stock that sweet cherry is widely used has folium isatidis, Gisela, ZY-1, horse Harry, examines top grade etc.Wherein:

1). folium isatidis dungarunga or shrub.It is the excellent sweet cherry vigorous stock that Shandong Yantai City selects from cherry.But the tree crown that the sweet cherry tree crown of grafting on Willowleaf Hygrophila Herb cherry does stock compared with horse Harry is little.Stronger with most sweet cherry variety grafting affinity.Hair root is more flourishing, and adaptability is comparatively strong, and anti-crown gall, drought resistance are general, intolerant to waterlogging.After grafting sweet cherry variety, tree body is taller and bigger, and Root Distribution is shallow, meets strong wind and easily lodges.After grafting strain field planting 3 years start result, enter the full bearing period and need 6 ~ 7 years.Main employing is tillered, propagation by layering.Be suitable for growing in sandy loam or gravelly loam, when heavy soil grows, the easy gummosis of trees in richful production period grafting part, also has " bound feet " phenomenon.Be 2.5 ~ 3 × 4m with the seeding row spacing that folium isatidis makes stock suitable, i.e. every mu of 55 ~ 66 strains of planting.

2), the sweet cherry tree body size of GiselaNo.5 grafting on " GiselaNo.5 " stock be only 45% of " campstool moral " stock, and tree body is opened a business, and branch base angle is large, saves labour, equipment, chemicals, and is convenient to bookkeeping.Very early bearing, 2-3 is raw starts result, usual 4-7 raw 5-15Kg/ strain, anti-prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV) and prune dwarf virus (PDV).Soil suitability is wide, and on clayed ground, performance is good.Sprout tillers is few, admittedly functional, but still need support, winter resistance to-30 DEG C of low temperature.But at very dead soil with natural precipitation is few and under bad cultivation condition, shoot growth amount is little, fruit diminishes, easy early ageing.Planting density is: every mu of 84 ~ 111 strains of planting, seeding row spacing is 2 × 3 ~ 4m.

After these stocks of project first preanalysis sweet cherry, folium isatidis and GiselaNo.5 is selected to carry out comparative trial.The growth potential of experimental observation grafting some kinds on folium isatidis and GiselaNo.5 and result quantities, the sweet cherry variety amount of growth grafted on folium isatidis is far longer than the amount of growth grafted on GiselaNo.5, and flower amount is few, and bud does not enrich, and therefore fruiting rate is low.The kind growth grafted on GiselaNo.5 is just suitable, and flower amount is large, and bud enriches, and fruiting rate is high.But Sang Tina is stock with GiselaNo.5, then amount of growth is too small, and growing way is weak, is not enough to meet produce; Be that then growth potential is better for stock with folium isatidis, this may be relatively weak relevant with the growth potential of Sang Tina itself.。

Zhejiang high temperature and rainy, rich water is sufficient, and trunk infusion growth is easily excessive, and same kind can grow to 2.6 meters at the bud seedling in Zhejiang one season, and the same kind bud seedling in Shandong grows to 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters, as seen in the sweet cherry amount of growth of Zhejiang growth considerably beyond Shandong.As can be seen here, sweet cherry is large in Zhejiang tree height, be difficult to into colored, and management inconvenience, Dwarf Effect on Dwarf must be selected good in Zhejiang area, the stock that Flood resistance is strong, concerning most of kind, select Gisela to be that stock is better, make full use of its dwarfing ability, reduce growth potential, finally reach balance tree vigo(u)r, short effect of spending short fruit.Zhejiang area wind-force is large and have and often have typhoon phenomenon, plants experimentally region bracing wire need be coordinated to prevent the shortcoming of GiselaNo.5 property deficiency admittedly at us.But use folium isatidis to be stock for Sang Tina suggestion, this may be not relevant by force with the growth potential of Sang Tina own.

The committed step of sweet cherry Early postoperative management method of the present invention: ridging; Fall planting; Treelet by cultivate tree-like centered by; The heavy summer cuts, and the light winter cuts, and draws branch to carve bud, and balance tree vigo(u)r controls tree crown and reaches result area fast.

One, ridging: field planting ridge height 0.4m, wide 1.5m, seeding row spacing is 2m × 4m, digs the drain ditch of dark, wide each 0.2m in the ranks.Compare with not ridging with row spacing 4 meters, wide 1.5 meters obviously will get well.Similar to not ridging of wide 4 meters, can not reach the effect reducing underground water, impeded drainage.(this is one of place different from north)

Two, field planting: treelet adopts fall planting or spring planting.Advise southern warm area with fall planting as well.Every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2000kg before field planting.The anti-crown gall of root (this is for south also outbalance, and southern soil property is glued, and easily produces crown gall) is stained with the K84 of 10 times before field planting.Pour water after ridging field planting heavy real, and cover black mulch film moisture-keeping.

Three, shaping and pruning:

Shaping:

Warm regional sweet cherry amount of growth is large, should use spindle in field.The tree-like growth potential that fully can adjust branch of spindle, reduce water sprout, branch need draw branch amount obviously to reduce.The height of tree be shaped controls at below 2.5m, hat 2.5 ~ 3m.Natural open centre shape branch is too upright, and growth potential is excessively prosperous, not only causes the later stage to draw a workload large, time-consumingly takes a lot of work, and is unfavorable for flower_bud formation.

Spindle Shu Tiju center is done.Treelet is based on sparse branching and carve bud, cultivates side shoot and fruit bearing shoot, forms standard as early as possible tree-like.Plantation First Year fall leaves in the winter time after before rudiment in spring in tree body mobile jib overhead 60cm place fixed pole, clip lower first bud distance clip about 1.5cm stays full bud, and strong for pumping prosperous branch is done trunk elongated shoot by it.2 buds under this bud are erased; To impel the sprouting of other bud.Branch is sent out below after the beginning of spring.Stay 4 ~ 5, form the ground floor of tree body.Second Year chooses every about 10cm below mobile jib that orientation staggers, full 3 buds, and above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch.Carving bud width is the half of branch thick.Form the second layer of tree body.After determining to do, clip will wax, paint or animal fat.

If directly plant seedlings person, then in mobile jib overhead about 1 meter place's fixed pole, under clip, full bud is stayed at 2cm place, and 2 buds under this bud will be erased; Stay the 4th bud, then smear 3 buds, choose that orientation staggers, full 3 buds after staying 1 bud every about 10cm, above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch, and carving bud width is the half of branch thick.Directly form two layers of major branch in this approach.

If base portion, more than the seedling of 1 major branch, the most important thing is selected mobile jib, select enriching shoot, vertical angle large and distribution branch comparatively placed in the middle is left mobile jib, the processing mode of mobile jib is the same.Other branch is according to following principle process: when branch is many, and competitive branch stays 1 ~ 2 bud cutting back at base portion; When competitive branch is few, competitive branch is evened up, when to draw, allow the balanced occupancy level space of branch as far as possible, can along shoot growth direction.Can cut under the above 60cm place of branch, lower first bud of clip is apart from more than clip 1.5cm, and strong for germinating prosperous branch is done trunk elongated shoot by the first bud; Bud below lower first bud of clip within 10cm will be erased; Choose that orientation staggers, full 3 buds more in its lower section every about 10cm, above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch.

Prune:

Because southern Growth status amount is obviously greater than the north, treelet carries out the summer pruning at the center that is shaped as, and treelet summer pruning, mainly for controlling the prosperous length of branch, increases branch sum of series branch amount, promotes that branch class transforms, accelerate to expand tree crown.Because the raw branch amount in south is large, therefore summer pruning workload is large, wants regular and irregularly carry out from April to August.The main method of summer pruning has angle of release, pinching, top clipping, turns round the tip, except sprouting, drawing branch etc.Branch is wherein drawn to be the key measures that south warm area plantation sweet cherry is pruned.Draw branch just can carry out after the beginning of spring.Must draw along the bearing of trend of branch when to draw, angle 80 ~ 90 degree.Branch is drawn to play balance tree vigo(u)r, adjustment shoot growth direction and space.

The pruning technique of another one key carves bud.Rudiment in spring carves bud in first about 15 days, inspires branch and bouquet shape brachyplast, bud at the quarter position of back bud, lateral bud and lower bud and mode difference.Back bud carves bud after bud, reduces nutrient, impels into bud.If back bud is carved bud and very easily formed water sprout before bud, not only can not play and promote into colored effect, reduce nutrient on the contrary.Lateral bud and lower bud carve bud before having bud, inspire branch.North carves bud before bud, and object becomes branch in order to short bud.Other as angle of release from field planting May then to November, the upper mitogenetic young sprout toothpick growing into about 20cm is done to center or small bamboo spike carries out support branch the first transaction of a day's business base angle.Sprig grows to about 10 cm pinching or turns round the tip, to grow after 2 ~ 3 leaves priming leaf repeatedly.

Four, fertilising and water management (conventional steps):

The first three years plantation, to be grown to master, is therefore attached most importance to base manure in autumn in fertilising, and autumn, base manure was early executed as well, how to carry out in October.Fertilizer, based on fertilizer, can mix a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer.After base manure, as run into arid, foot be watered and irrigate, soil moisture conservation after watering, will be done well, strengthen the ability that tree body is survived the winter.Growing season repeatedly can supplement fertilizer on a small quantity on a small quantity.The rainfall is plentiful in south, and except extreme weather, treelet does not need additionally to pour water.

Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest (conventional steps):

Resting stage at the beginning of late November to 2 month, trunk whitewashing (formula rate of white-out agent: quicklime 10 kilograms, Cosan 1 kilogram, salt 1 kilogram, vegetable oil 0.1 kilogram, 20 kilograms, water) and clear garden work (the sick fruit of removing, sick leaf, sick branch are taken out of buried outside garden or burn) to be carried out early, spray lime sulfur after tree body drop leaf.

Spray 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs before early Febuary rudiment, serious orchard occurs coccid should spray 40% methidathion missible oil 1500 times.Mid-February to the early March budding period scrapes control coating to rot, dry rot scab, and as found, note dry hole is found in the harm such as longicorn, with the hole of the blocking branch-trunk insect such as poison label, kills off the insect pests.Should note strengthening the generation (spray the clean or phoxim baythion of the cockchafer of 1500 times, and with black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping) of big gourdshaped weevil first of control apple rain beetle, east chafer and young garden after germination to June.Note the leaf diseases such as shothole disease, leaf spot (thiophanate methyl of the mancozeb of 800 times or 1500 times is used alternatingly) to August from mid-April, prevent and treat red neck longicorn with the worm channel on the blocking limbs such as poison label.Gummosis all will be prevented and treated whole vegetative period, is coated with 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs+500 times of carbendazim or the spirit of foliage-spray peach gummosis, finds at any time to prevent and treat at any time in vegetative period after striking off glue.Mid-June to August, young sprout vigorous period strengthened control leaf diseases.Note the generation observing the damage by disease and insect such as telson moth, boat-shaped caterpillar, oriental fruit moth, shothole disease, brown rot, carry out artificial control or medical treatment according to Harm.

The vegetative storage phase in November protects the work that blade is this phase most important, most critical, so want attention control early defoliation disease.

Claims (1)

1. the warm area plantation in south sweet cherry Early postoperative management method, it is characterized in that: described sweet cherry variety selects that Fan is short, Sa meter Tuo, thunder Buddhist nun, red honey, Sang Tina, No. 1, Russia or early large fruit, the stock used is folium isatidis or Gisela, and sweet cherry Early postoperative management method comprises the following steps:

One, ridging:

Field planting ridge height 0.4m, wide 1.5m, seeding row spacing is 2m × 4m, digs the drain ditch of dark, wide each 0.2m in the ranks;

Two, field planting:

Treelet adopts fall planting or spring planting, every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2000kg before field planting, is stained with the anti-crown gall of root before field planting with the K84 of 10 times, pours water heavy real, and cover black mulch film moisture-keeping after ridging field planting;

Three, shaping and pruning:

1) shaping:

Warm regional sweet cherry amount of growth is large, uses spindle in field; The height of tree be shaped controls at below 2.5m, hat 2.5 ~ 3m;

Spindle Shu Tiju center is done, and treelet is based on sparse branching and carve bud, cultivates side shoot and fruit bearing shoot, forms standard as early as possible tree-like; Plantation First Year fall leaves in the winter time after before rudiment in spring in tree body mobile jib overhead 60cm place fixed pole, clip lower first bud distance clip 1.5cm stays full bud, and strong for pumping prosperous branch is done trunk elongated shoot by it; 2 buds under this bud are erased; To impel the sprouting of other bud; Send out branch below after the beginning of spring, stay 4 ~ 5, form the ground floor of tree body; Second Year chooses every about 10cm below mobile jib that orientation staggers, full 3 buds, and above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch; Carving bud width is the half of branch thick; Form the second layer of tree body; After determining to do, clip will wax, paint or animal fat;

If directly plant seedlings person, then in mobile jib overhead 1 meter of fixed pole, under clip, full bud is stayed at 2cm place, and 2 buds under this bud will be erased; Stay the 4th bud, then smear 3 buds, choose that orientation staggers, full 3 buds after staying 1 bud every about 10cm, above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch, and carving bud width is the half of branch thick; Directly form two layers of major branch in this approach;

If base portion, more than the seedling of 1 major branch, the most important thing is selected mobile jib, select enriching shoot, vertical angle large and distribution branch comparatively placed in the middle is left mobile jib, other branch is according to following principle process: when branch is many, and competitive branch stays 1 ~ 2 bud cutting back at base portion; When competitive branch is few, competitive branch is evened up, when to draw, allow the balanced occupancy level space of branch as far as possible; Along shoot growth direction, can cut under the above 60cm place of branch, lower first bud of clip is apart from more than clip 1.5cm, and strong for germinating prosperous branch is done trunk elongated shoot by the first bud; Bud below lower first bud of clip within 10cm will be erased; Choose that orientation staggers, full 3 buds more in its lower section every about 10cm, above the bud of middle choosing, 1cm is in the budding period and carries out bud at quarter, and the degree of depth of carving bud will reach xylem, inspires major branch;

2) prune:

Because southern Growth status amount is obviously greater than the north, treelet carries out the summer pruning at the center that is shaped as, and wants regular and irregularly carry out from April to August; The main method of summer pruning comprises angle of release, pinching, top clipping, turns round the tip, except sprouting and drawing branch; Draw branch: carry out after the beginning of spring; Must draw along the bearing of trend of branch when to draw, angle 80 ~ 90 degree;

Carve bud: rudiment in spring carves bud in first 15 days, inspires branch and bouquet shape brachyplast, bud at the quarter position of back bud, lateral bud and lower bud and mode difference; Back bud carves bud after bud, reduces nutrient, impels into bud; If back bud is carved bud and very easily formed water sprout before bud, not only can not play and promote into colored effect, reduce nutrient on the contrary; Lateral bud and lower bud carve bud before having bud, inspire branch; North carves bud before bud, and object becomes branch in order to short bud; Other as angle of release from field planting May then to November, the upper mitogenetic young sprout toothpick growing into 20cm is done to center or small bamboo spike carries out support branch the first transaction of a day's business base angle; Sprig grows to 10 cm pinching or turns round the tip, to grow after 2 ~ 3 leaves priming leaf repeatedly.