CN104885841B - A kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south is taken shelter from rain, the method for sunshade and anti-bird - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south to take shelter from rain, sunshade and the method for anti-bird, the frame that this method uses is the longitudinally spaced arrangement of multirow, bottom is embedded in the cement post of underground, the column pull-down line earth anchorage of surrounding, often capable cement post restocking has steel pipe, the arch bar that every 2 longitudinal cement post overhead set up tortuous bow shape under both ends forms ceiling frame, the both ends of bend pipe are located on the steel pipe of frame shoulder, longitudinal duplex pull rod is fixedly connected, plastic foil is longitudinally equipped with above ceiling frame, cover whole ceiling frame, the outer film-pressing line of film is fixed on both sides steel strand wires and arch bar, the both sides of plastic foil longitudinal direction are connected with roll bar, roll bar is connected with film-coiling device, plastic film roll is wound in roll bar by film-coiling device, plastic foil can be rolled onto at the 1/2 of ceiling frame with roll bar, by opening and closing degree of the film-coiling device control plastic foil on ceiling frame；The same posture of the present invention serve take shelter from rain, sunshade and the comprehensive function of anti-bird, be saved greatly facility cost and artificial.

Description

A kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south is taken shelter from rain, the method for sunshade and anti-bird

Technical field

The present invention relates to the warm area plantation sweet cherry management method in south.

Background technology

Cherry is the rose family (Rosaceae) Prunus cherry Subgenus, and the cherry species as cultivation of fruit tree has in the world Gean, sour cherry, cherry and Nanking cherry.China is mainly sweet cherry as the cherry of business cultivation (Prunus avium L.) and cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus).Usually said sweet cherry refers to European sweet tea Cherry, also referred to as large cherry, are commonly called as car li, and it is the Main way of current or even later cherry development.Sweet cherry fruit color and luster It is bright-coloured, sparkling and crystal-clear beautiful, red such as agate, yellow such as congealed fat, sweet flavor, fruit rich in sugar, protein, vitamin and calcium, iron, phosphorus, The multiple elements such as potassium, especially iron, often iron-holder up to 5.9mg in hectogram cherry, occupies in fruit first place, deep blue or green by consumer Look at.

Compared with cherry, sweet cherry fruit is big, quality better, storage tolerance, is the master of current or even later cherry development Want direction.Sweet cherry fruit is short growth cycle, and the maturity period is early, with cherry with the good reputation for having ' all kinds of fruits first '.With life Horizontal raising, sweet cherry turn into high-grade fruit, and price also increases to 20~40 yuan/kilogram, precocious area reach 50~60 yuan/ Kilogram, and up to 70~100 yuan/kilogram of protecting field, even more high, plantation sweet cherry turn into the planting industry of superelevation profit, quilt It is described as ' gold planting industry ', ' rising industry '.It is public to have reached 38.0 ten thousand respectively to world's sweet cherry gross areas in 2013 and yield Hectare and 213.1 ten thousand tons.As an efficient planting industry, the production area and yield of world's sweet cherry linearly rise always Gesture.The sweet cherry of China's cultivation is mainly the national kinds such as Europe and North America, and in the northern area of China, performance is good.Due to larger Market potential and higher planting benefit, China's sweet cherry production also from the places of production such as traditional Shandong, Liaoning rapidly to Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and cloud, expensive, river etc. cool and highly expanded.It is cold in " tradition " Bohai Gulf area and " emerging " Cool highland flourish sweet cherry industry while, south warm regional such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, the Shanghai middle and lower reach of Yangtze River The R＆D institution in area also continuously attempts to the introducing and planting of sweet cherry with agribusiness, attempts south to push away sweet cherry industry Enter.

Pujiang County is located in the middle part of Zhejiang Province, is located in 29 ° 27 ' of north latitude, 119 ° 53 ' of east longitude, belongs to subtropical monsoon climate.Nian Ping Equal 16.6 DEG C of temperature, 1412.2 millimeters of average annual precipitation.Year sunshine 1996.2 hours.238 days or so frost-free period.Annual temperature exists Less than 7.2 DEG C of time was at 1100 hours or so.Typically in 6, set-in of plum rains in July, May, rainfall was also larger.As can be seen here, Pujiang Plantation sweet cherry can meet the chilling requirement requirement of part kind, but need to overcome summer temp too high, big unfavorable of rainfall Climatic factor.Rainfall is big, and summer temp is too high, sweet cherry excessive growth (only spending fruitless) can be caused, spend early stage and florescence high temperature, It is deteriorated by flood, dehiscent fruit, fruit quality, pest and disease damage is multiple etc..If can be cultivated in Zhejiang successfully, carried than northern outdoor cropping Preceding listing, fruit maturation is early, increases the market supply phase of sweet cherry, saves cost of transportation, price is high, has very high warp Ji profit, can more develop city green agriculture and Sightseeing Orchard, adjust the structure of rural undertaking, increase suburb farmers' income.And Sweet cherry is ripe early, and fruit development period is short, basic not have to laxative, it is easier to reach " green " or " organic " from fruit setting to maturation Standard, most fresh healthy fruit can be provided for Residents in Shanghai.

The warm area south in south warm regional rain heat same season, rainfall are exceeded well over needed for cherry, especially 5, June it is high Warm high humidity excessive rainfall not only causes maturity period sweet cherry dehiscent fruit, and is exactly bud differentiation period after fruit picking, is made because hot and humid Into tree body excessive growth, the nutriment that can be used for bud differentiation is reduced, bud differentiation is insufficient, directly affects lower annual production. In rain heat same season, rainfall is excessive to have a strong impact on the warm area plantation sweet cherry in south, and this problem is to cause the warm regional sweet tea in south Cherry blossom and one of unreal key reason.

The content of the invention

Taken shelter from rain it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south, the method for sunshade and anti-bird, should The Technical system that method integration efficiently standardizes, to the warm regional agricultural sector structure adjustment in south, rural area, peasant, agriculture Industry increases income, and improves the ecological environment, and drives local area economic development significant.

In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, present invention employs following technical scheme：

A kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south is taken shelter from rain, the method for sunshade and anti-bird, and described sweet cherry variety is selected Fan is short, Sa meter Tuo, thunder Buddhist nun, red honey, Sang Tina, Russia 1 or early big fruit, the stock used be folium isatidis or Gisela, this The frame that method uses is embedded in the cement post of underground for the longitudinally spaced arrangement of multirow, bottom, depending on line-spacing is according to plantation nursery stock, The column pull-down line earth anchorage of surrounding, C20 cement pour, 3.8 meters of cement pillar height, 8 × 10 centimetres of post cross section, enter ground 0.5 Rice, often capable cement post restocking have the steel pipe of diameter 25, and every 2 longitudinal cement post overhead set up the arch of tortuous bow shape under both ends Bar forms ceiling frame, 21 meter of arch bar spacing, and the both ends of bend pipe are located on the steel pipe of frame shoulder, and longitudinal duplex pull rod is fixedly connected, Plastic foil is longitudinally equipped with above ceiling frame, covers whole ceiling frame, the outer film-pressing line of film is fixed on both sides steel strand wires and arch On bar, the both sides of the plastic foil longitudinal direction are connected with roll bar, and roll bar is connected with film-coiling device, and plastic film roll is wound on roll bar by film-coiling device On, plastic foil can be rolled onto at the 1/2 of ceiling frame with roll bar, and opening and closing degree of the plastic foil on ceiling frame is controlled by film-coiling device；Need Plastic foil is placed when taking shelter from rain on frame, needs to put sunshade net in same posture during sunshade；This method comprises the following steps：

1) start overlay film within the 3rd year, button canopy before being spent at the beginning of mid-March, must be spent when detaining canopy according to weather temperature at that time Preceding temperature then detains canopy, late June lid sunshade net more than 30 DEG C after spending；Mid-September daily mean temperature keep away in 25 DEG C of removals Rain film and sunshade net；The light transmittance of sunshade net is with 30~35%, when detaining canopy low 1~3 DEG C outside canopy internal ratio canopy；Temperature of shed during sunshade Low 1~3 DEG C than outside canopy；Rainy season takes shelter from rain；

2) bird prevention net is vertical from the top down when needing anti-bird before fruit veraison, and bird prevention net airtight connection is used between canopy and canopy, Surrounding covering will be entirely processed, prevents bird from entering.

The taking shelter from rain of the present invention, all steel frame material select in sunshade and anti-bird frame, and canopy body and concrete column, frame face are linked to be into one Body, cost (20 yuan/square), a more similar steelframe even product price (70 yuan/square), while same posture serve take shelter from rain, Sunshade and the comprehensive function of anti-bird, it is saved greatly facility cost and artificial.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of frame of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is performance of the sweet cherry in Zhejiang Province；A：Fan is short, B：Sa meter Tuo, C：Thunder Buddhist nun, D：Red honey, E：The sweet cherry florescence, F：Lopsided young fruit.

Embodiment

1st, Introduced Varieties：

We have successively introduced individual kind more than 30 by several times, wherein from Bulgarian introduced variety 3, Shandong Province's fruit tree research Institute's introduced variety 15, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao City introduced variety 10, northwest agricultural university introduces 2 (tables 1), in Pujiang etc. Ground observation in detail describes phenological period and the plant growth characteristics of sweet cherry growth, and big to the lifes in 4 years introduced in wherein 2009 Tree has carried out phenological period, yield, fruit quality observation record.

The part sweet cherry variety that table 1 is introduced from the country

Variety name	Quoted from it is national or local	Introduction Time	Preserve place	Introducing form
					Red honey	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
Thunder Buddhist nun	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
					Sa meter Tuo	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
Sang Tina	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
					Russia 1	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
Red light	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
					Pioneer	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
It is U.S. early	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
					Early big fruit	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
Fan is short	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
					Friendship	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
It is strange good	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
					Qin Lin	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
Universe	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
					Red Nanyang	Yantai	2009	Pujiang	Big tree
Brooks	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
					Rock sugar cherry	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
It is U.S. early	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
					10-1-7	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
Sang Tina	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
					Dark plum is extremely early	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
Early big fruit	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
					Pioneer	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
Sa meter Tuo	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion
					Red light	Qingdao	2013	Qingyuan, Ningbo	Scion

2nd, performance of the Introduced Varieties in Pujiang County：

1) performance of year kind next year in Pujiang County is drawn：

Next year is introduced a fine variety, draws phenological period and the result situation of 15 kinds, the rudiment at the beginning of Pujiang is 3 months in 2010, March Bottom full blossom is ripe before and after most of kind mid-May.The wherein percentage of fertile fruit highest of thunder Buddhist nun, it is 64.3%；Next to that pioneer and Fan It is short, respectively reach more than 48%.The percentage of fertile fruit in U.S. early, red Nanyang, Ukraine's series of products and Russia 1 is relatively low. Quality is good after most of fruit fully maturation, and the pol of early big fruit has reached 18.5；And no-dehiscent fruit phenomenon occurs.2010 Sweet cherry its chilling requirement of Pujiang plantation is accumulated in Shandong, is existed so being only capable of within 2010 that as reference sweet cherry can not be represented The truth of Pujiang.

2) Introduced Varieties are observed in the Pujiang County phenological period：

Introduced Varieties in 2012 are more to bloom at the beginning of rudiment in March, mid or late March to 4 months, and mid or late May is ripe, and 11 below the moon Start in ten days to fall leaves, and progress into dormancy (table 2).Bloom and more early than the sweet cherry of north into ripe phase Zhuo.

Table 2, Pujiang County sweet cherry introduce a fine variety phenological period observation

Continued 2

Continued 2

3) Introduced Varieties are observed in Pujiang County breediness：

Yield and commodity fruit rate

From the sweet cherry result behavioral observation of table 3, each variety yield can substantially be divided into 3 classes：1) Fan is short, Sa meter Tuo, Thunder Buddhist nun strain production can reach 20~40 jins/plant (Fig. 2A~C)；2) red honey, Sang Tina, Russia 1, early big fruit strain production reach 10 ~20 jins/plant, wherein early big fruit yield is unstable, it is best with 2014；3) red light, U.S. early yield are relatively low (table 3).

Table 3：Sweet cherry introduces a fine variety result behavioral observation

That observes Introduced Varieties in plantation simultaneously has obvious difference into flower ability and normal flower rate, and wherein Fan is short, red Honey is best into flower ability, and flower amount is big, and trees are in full blossom (Fig. 2 E)；Lei Nihua amounts are moderate；Red light is worst into flower ability.Therefore in producing Different cultivation steps is taken, Fan is short, red honey flower amount is big, need to reduce invalid flower and further improve fruiting rate；Red light flower amount Need to promote to spend at least, improve into flower power.

Deformed fruit rate statistics finds that wherein malformed fruit rate soprano is that Fan is short, up to 29.7%, red honey, red light, it is very good, Sa meter Tuo is to take second place.Remaining kind malformed fruit rate is less, and more than 95% is commodity fruit.Occur Shuangzi fruit, three sub- fruits in garden Even four sub- fruits (Fig. 2 F).Malformed fruit rate at this stage 30% can even receive, with sweet cherry the marketization it is gradual Deeply, abnormal rate height will turn into restriction factor.Therefore Zhejiang plant sweet cherry when after yield reaches requirement it is also contemplated that this The factor.

2.3.2 fruit quality

The sweet cherry fruit quality of Zhejiang production is as shown in table 4, with same breed in northern grown place no significant difference.Can Reached a standard as long as seeing in Zhejiang sweet cherry economic production quantity, fruit quality will not temporarily turn into the factor of developmental limitation.

Table 4：Pujiang County sweet cherry introduces a fine variety fruit quality observation

Continued 4

Continued 4

3 suitably in the recommendation of new cultivars of Pujiang development：

By this comprehensive observing of nearly 10 years, especially there is the regional development sweet tea in similar habitat to Pujiang in Zhejiang area The successful possibilities of kind such as Fan is short during cherry, Sa meter Tuo, Lei Ni and red honey are larger.Their result photo such as Fig. 2 in Pujiang.

4th, influence of the southern sweet cherry rootstock to sweet cherry variety：

The stock that sweet cherry is widely used has folium isatidis, Gisela, ZY-1, horse Harry, examines top grade etc..Wherein：

1) folium isatidis dungarunga or shrub.It is that the excellent sweet cherry that Shandong Yantai City selects from cherry is tall Change stock.But the tree crown that the sweet cherry tree crown of the grafting on Willowleaf Hygrophila Herb cherry does stock compared with horse Harry is small.With most sweet cherry product Kind grafting affinity is stronger.Hair root is more flourishing, and adaptability is stronger, and anti-crown gall, drought resistance are general, intolerant to waterlogging.Grafting sweet cherry product After kind, tree body is taller and bigger, and Root Distribution is shallow, meets strong wind and easily lodges.Start result within 3 years after grafting strain field planting, 6 are needed into the best fruiting period ~7 years.Mainly using tiller, mound layering.Suitably grown in sandy loam or gravelly loam, when being grown on heavy soil, The easy gummosis of trees in richful production period grafting part, also there is " bound feet " phenomenon.It is 2.5~3 × 4m to make the suitable seeding row spacing of stock with folium isatidis, I.e. every mu is transplanted 55~66 plants.

2), sweet cherry tree body size of the GiselaNo.5 grafting on " GiselaNo.5 " stock is only " campstool moral " stock 45%, tree body is opened a business, and branch base angle is big, saves labour, equipment, chemicals, and is easy to management to operate.Very early bearing, 2-3 Raw to start result, usual 4-7 gives birth to 5-15Kg/ strains, anti-prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV) and prune dwarf virus (PDV). Soil suitability is wide, is showed on clayed ground good.Sprout tillers is few, admittedly it is functional, but still need to support, resistance to -30 DEG C of winter is low Temperature.But very dead soil and natural precipitation be few and bad cultivation condition under, shoot growth amount is small, and fruit diminishes, easy early ageing.Plant Training density is：Every mu is transplanted 84~111 plants, and seeding row spacing is 2 × 3~4m.

After these stocks of project preanalysis sweet cherry first, folium isatidis and GiselaNo.5 is selected to carry out contrast test. The experimental observation growth potential and result quantities of grafting some kinds on folium isatidis and GiselaNo.5, is grafted on folium isatidis Sweet cherry variety increment is far longer than the increment grafted on GiselaNo.5, and flower amount is few, and bud does not enrich, therefore result Rate is low.The kind growth grafted on GiselaNo.5 is just suitable, and flower amount is big, and bud enriches, and fruiting rate is high.But Sang Tina with GiselaNo.5 is stock, then increment is too small, and growing way is weak, is insufficient for producing；Using folium isatidis as stock then growth potential compared with Good, this may be relatively weak relevant with the growth potentials of Sang Tina in itself..

Zhejiang high temperature and rainy, rich water is sufficient, and trunk infusion growth is easily excessive, and same kind can in the sprout in the season of Zhejiang one To grow to 2.6 meters, and the same kind sprout in Shandong grows to 1.5~1.8 meters, it is seen that in the sweet cherry increment that Zhejiang grows much Shandong is exceeded.As can be seen here, sweet cherry is tall and big in Zhejiang tree body, it is difficult to Cheng Hua, and inconvenience is managed, in Zhejiang area one Surely to select Dwarf Effect on Dwarf good, the strong stock of Flood resistance, select Gisela preferable for stock for most of kinds, fully profit Ability is downgraded with it, reduces growth potential, is finally reached balance tree vigo(u)r, promotees the effect that flower promotees fruit.Zhejiang area wind-force is big and has often There is typhoon phenomenon, the shortcomings that region need to coordinate bracing wire to prevent GiselaNo.5 property deficiency admittedly is planted experimentally at us.But for Sang Tina It is recommended that the use of folium isatidis being stock, this may be not strong relevant with Sang Tina growth potentials itself.

For the warm area south in south warm regional rain heat same season, rainfall is exceeded well over needed for cherry, and especially 5, June The hot and humid excessive rainfall of part not only causes maturity period sweet cherry dehiscent fruit, and is exactly bud differentiation period after fruit picking, because of high temperature height It is wet to cause tree body excessive growth, the nutriment that can be used for bud differentiation is reduced, bud differentiation is insufficient, directly affects lower annual output Amount.In rain heat same season, rainfall is excessive to have a strong impact on the warm area plantation sweet cherry in south, and this problem is to cause the warm area in south One of colored and unreal key reason of sweet cherry.

Have developed for this kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south take shelter from rain, the method for sunshade and anti-bird.As shown in figure 1, The frame that the method for the present invention uses is embedded in the cement post 7 of underground for the longitudinally spaced arrangement of multirow, bottom, and line-spacing is according to plantation Depending on nursery stock, 8 high 0.4m of ridge is colonized, wide 1.5m, seeding row spacing is 2m × 4m, in the ranks digs deep, wide each 0.2m gutter 9；Surrounding Column pull-down line earth anchorage, C20 cement pours, 3.8 meters of cement pillar height, 8 × 10 centimetres of post cross section, enters 0.5 meter of ground, often The capable restocking of cement post 7 has the steel pipe 4 of diameter 25, and every 2 longitudinal overhead of cement post 7 set up the arch bar of tortuous bow shape under both ends 2 form ceiling frame, 1 meter of 2 arch bar, 2 spacing, and the both ends of bend pipe are located on the steel pipe 4 of frame shoulder, and longitudinal duplex pull rod is fixedly connected, Plastic foil 1 is longitudinally equipped with above ceiling frame, covers whole ceiling frame, the outer film-pressing line of film is fixed on both sides steel strand wires and arch On bar 2, the both sides of the longitudinal direction of the plastic foil 1 are connected with roll bar, and roll bar is connected with film-coiling device, film-coiling device by plastic foil 1 wound on In roll bar, plastic foil 1 can be rolled onto at the 1/2 of ceiling frame with roll bar, and opening and closing journey of the plastic foil 1 on ceiling frame is controlled by film-coiling device Degree；Plastic foil 1 is placed when need to take shelter from rain on frame, needs to put sunshade net 3 during sunshade in same posture, ceiling frame bottom is provided with neck 5；This method comprises the following steps：1) the 3rd year start overlay film, spent at the beginning of mid-March before button canopy, detain canopy when must according to work as When weather temperature, spend before temperature more than 30 DEG C, then canopy, late June lid sunshade net 3 are detained after spending；It is per day in mid-September Temperature removes take shelter from rain film and sunshade net 3 at 25 DEG C；The light transmittance of sunshade net 3 with 30~35%, when detaining canopy low 1 outside canopy internal ratio canopy~ 3℃；Temperature of shed is low 1~3 DEG C than outside canopy during sunshade；Rainy season takes shelter from rain；2) when needing anti-bird before fruit veraison bird prevention net on to It is lower vertical, bird prevention net airtight connection is used between canopy and canopy, surrounding covering will be entirely processed, and prevent bird from entering.

The committed step of sweet cherry Early postoperative management method of the present invention：Ridging；Fall planting；Treelet by cultivate it is tree-like centered on；Weight Summer cuts, and the light winter cuts, and draws branch to carve bud, balances tree vigo(u)r, and control tree crown is rapidly achieved result area.

First, ridging：The high 0.4m in ridge is colonized, wide 1.5m, seeding row spacing is 2m × 4m, in the ranks digs deep, wide each 0.2m gutter. With 4 meters of row spacing and not compared with ridging, wide 1.5 meters will substantially get well.Wide 4 meters similar to not ridging, it is impossible to reach reduction ground The effect of lower water, impeded drainage.(this is one of places different from north)

2nd, it is colonized：Treelet uses fall planting or spring planting.It is recommended that the warm area in south is preferably fall planting.Every mu of administration before field planting Organic fertilizer 2000kg.Field planting before with 10 times of K84 be stained with the anti-crown gall of root (this for south it is also more important, southern soil property is glued, appearance It is also easy to produce crown gall).Poured water after ridging field planting heavy real, and cover black mulch film moisture-keeping.

3rd, shaping and trimming：

Shaping：

Warm regional sweet cherry increment is big, and spindle should be used in field.Spindle is tree-like can fully to adjust branch The growth potential of bar, reduces the branch of excessive growth, and branch need to draw branch amount to significantly reduce.The height of tree control of shaping in below 2.5m, hat width 2.5~ 3m.Natural open centre shape branch is excessively upright, and growth potential is excessively prosperous, not only causes the later stage to draw branch workload big, time consuming and unfavorable In flower_bud formation.

Do at spindle tree body tool center.Treelet is with sparse branching and carves based on bud, cultivates side shoot and fruitful branch, forms standard as early as possible It is tree-like.Plantation First Year fall leaves in the winter time after before spring rudiment in tree body mobile jib fixed pole at 60cm from the ground, lower first of clip Bud stays full bud away from clip 1.5cm or so, and by pumping, prosperous branch makees trunk extension branch by force for it.2 buds under this bud are erased；To promote it The sprouting of its bud.Branch is sent out after the beginning of spring below.4~5 are stayed, forms the first layer of tree body.Second Year is below mobile jib every about Orientation of 10cm choosing staggers, full 3 buds, and 1cm be in the budding period and carries out quarter bud above the bud of middle choosing, and the depth for carving bud is wanted Reach xylem, inspire major branch.Carve the half that bud width is branch thick.Form the second layer of tree body.Clip will after doing calmly Waxing, paint or animal fat.

If directly planting seedlings person, full bud is stayed at 2cm under mobile jib 1 meter or so place's fixed pole from the ground, clip, this bud Under 2 buds to erase；Stay the 4th bud, then smear 3 buds, stay after 1 bud every about 10cm choose orientation stagger, full 3 buds, in 1cm be in the budding period and carries out quarter bud above the bud of choosing, and xylem will be reached by carving the depth of bud, inspires major branch, quarter bud width be branch The half of bar rugosity.Two layers of major branch are directly formed in this approach.

If base portion is more than the seedling of 1 major branch, it is most important that selected mobile jib, select enriching shoot, vertical angle big and distribution compared with It is left mobile jib for branch placed in the middle, the processing mode of mobile jib is same as above.Other branches are handled according to following principle：When branch is more, competition Branch stays 1~2 bud cutting back in base portion；When competitive branch is few, competitive branch is evened up, draws and allows branch equilibrium occupancy level empty during branch as far as possible Between, can be along shoot growth direction.Can at the branch above 60cm under cut, lower first bud of clip away from more than clip 1.5cm, First bud will germinate strong prosperous branch and do trunk extension branch；Bud below lower first bud of clip within 10cm will be erased；Again at it Below every about 10cm choose orientation stagger, full 3 buds, 1cm be in the budding period and carries out quarter bud above the bud of middle choosing, quarter The depth of bud will reach xylem, inspire major branch.

Trimming：

Because southern Growth status amount is significantly greater than the north, treelet carries out the summer pruning centered on shaping, treelet summer Trimming increases branch sum of series branch amount, promotes the conversion of branch class, accelerate to expand tree crown mainly for controlling the prosperous length of branch.Because of south Fang Shengzhi amounts are big, therefore summer pruning workload is big, want regular from April to August and irregularly carry out.The main side of summer pruning Method has angle of release, pinching, top clipping, turns round the tip, except sprouting, draw branch etc..Wherein draw the pass that branch is the warm area plantation sweet cherry trimming in south Key technology measure.Branch is drawn to can be carried out after the beginning of spring.Drawing must draw during branch along the bearing of trend of branch, angle 80~90 Degree.Branch is drawn to play balance tree vigo(u)r, adjustment shoot growth direction and space.

Another crucial pruning technique is to carve bud.Carve bud within 15 days or so before spring rudiment, inspire branch and bouquet shape Brachyplast, the quarter bud position of back bud, lateral bud and lower bud and mode are different.Back bud carves bud after bud, reduces nutrient, promotes into flower Bud.If back bud carves bud before bud and easily forms the branch of excessive growth, promotion can not be not only played into colored effect, is reduced on the contrary foster Point.Lateral bud and lower bud carve bud before having bud, inspire branch.North carves bud before bud, and purpose is in order to promote bud into branch.Other such as angle of releases To November, the mitogenetic young sprout toothpick or small for growing into 20cm or so dry to center since being colonized May then Bamboo stick carries out supportting branch the first transaction of a day's business base angle.Sprig grows to 10cm or so pinching or turns round the tip, grows priming leaf repeatedly after 2~3 leaves.

4th, fertilising and water management (conventional steps)：

The first three years are planted based on growing, therefore are attached most importance in applying fertilizer with autumn base manure, and autumn base manure is early applied preferably, exists more October is carried out.Fertilizer can mix a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer based on organic fertilizer.After base manure, arid is such as run into, to pour and pour Thoroughly, to do well to preserve soil moisture after pouring, the ability that enhancing tree body is survived the winter.Growing season repeatedly a small amount of on a small quantity can supplement fertilizer.Southern rainfall Abundance, except extreme weather, treelet need not additionally pour water.

5th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control (conventional steps)：

Rest period at the beginning of late November to 2 months, tree body will carry out the trunk whitewashing (formula rate of white-out agent early after falling leaves： 10 kilograms of quick lime, 1 kilogram of Cosan, 1 kilogram of salt, 0.1 kilogram of vegetable oil, 20 kilograms of water) and clear garden work (removing disease Fruit, sick leaf, sick branch are taken out of buried outside garden or burnt), spray lime sulfur.

5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed before early Febuary rudiment, serious orchard, which occurs, for coccid should spray 40% methidathion breast 1500 times of oil.Mid-February to the early March budding period, which to rot, dry rot scab scrape, controls coating, such as finds longicorn danger Evil finds note dry hole, and the hole of branch-trunk insect is blocked with poison label etc., is killed off the insect pests.After germination reinforcement preventing and treating apple hair is should be noted that to June The big gourdshaped weevil first of chafer, east chafer and young garden generation (spray 1500 times cockchafer is net or phoxim baythion, and with black Light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping).From mid-April to August pay attention to the leaf diseases such as shothole disease, leaf spot (800 times of Mancozeb or 1500 times of thiophanate methyl is used alternatingly), the worm channel blocked with poison label etc. on limb prevents and treats red neck longicorn.Bleeding disease is entirely given birth to It will be prevented and treated for a long time, 5+500 times of carbendazim of Baume degrees lime sulfur or the spirit of foliage-spray peach gummosis are applied after scraping removing glue liquid, Find to prevent and treat at any time at any time in growth period.Mid-June to August part young sprout vigorous period strengthens preventing and treating leaf diseases.Pay attention to seeing The generation of the pest and disease damages such as telson moth, boat-shaped caterpillar, oriental fruit months, shothole disease, brown rot is examined, is carried out according to Harm artificial Preventing and treating or medical treatment.

It is that this phase is most important, work of most critical that the vegetative storage phase in November, which protects blade, so it is noted that preventing and treating is early Phase defoliation.

South plantation sweet cherry Cheng Shu management method is as follows.

First, take shelter from rain, sunshade adds anti-bird

For the warm area south in south warm regional rain heat same season, rainfall is exceeded well over needed for cherry, and especially 5, June The hot and humid excessive rainfall of part not only causes maturity period sweet cherry dehiscent fruit, and is exactly bud differentiation period after fruit picking, because of high temperature height It is wet to cause tree body excessive growth, the nutriment that can be used for bud differentiation is reduced, bud differentiation is insufficient, directly affects lower annual output Measure and be easy to produce malformed fruit.In rain heat same season, rainfall is excessive to have a strong impact on the warm area plantation sweet cherry in south, and this problem is Cause one of colored and unreal key reason of the warm regional sweet cherry in south.The warm area plantation sweet cherry in south is taken shelter from rain, sunshade It is the key problem in technology of south plantation sweet cherry success.

South (mid-March) button canopy before the 3rd year beginning overlay film, Yu Chuhua, (must be according to weather at that time during button canopy Temperature, temperature then detains canopy more than 30 DEG C after spending before spending), late June lid sunshade net.Mid-September daily mean temperature 25 DEG C remove and to take shelter from rain film and sunshade net.Lid sunshade net can not be earlier than late June, and otherwise the sugar content of fruit is low, short sweetness；Sunshade net Light transmittance it is best with 30~35%.When detaining canopy low 1~3 DEG C outside canopy internal ratio canopy, summer high temperature is effectively reduced, promotes bud shape Into, reduction malformed fruit, and postpone to fall leaves.Delay fallen leaves have very important effect (delay fallen leaves, leaf to bud differentiation in the 2nd year Piece nutrition backflow is more, is advantageous to coming year bud differentiation)；Temperature of shed is low 1~3 DEG C than outside canopy during sunshade.Rainy season takes shelter from rain, and can drop Low Cracking fruit 70%.

Bird prevention net is vertical from the top down when needing anti-bird before fruit veraison, and bird prevention net airtight connection is used between canopy and canopy, will Whole processing surrounding covers, and prevents bird from entering.

2nd, water management (different from treelet, also different from northern bearing tree in addition)：

Cherry root system respiratory capacity is big, is distributed in soil shallower, is distributed in 15-40cm soil layer, so showing more Neither drought-enduring also intolerant to waterlogging needs water feature.Sweet cherry bearing tree water management is particularly significant, it is believed that water management will divide For three directions：First, pour water；Second, control water；Third, prevention waterlogging.Wherein：

1) pour water：To be watered after general fertilising, therefore rich water can be taken with filling.The a small amount of watering before spending of sweet cherry garden, prevents Only Snow coverage.Mid-April to late April, which pours, promotees fruit water, and before Xie Huahou to fruit maturation, sweet cherry growth is most prosperous during this Contain, the supply to moisture is most sensitive, if young fruit early ageing and shedding will occur for water deficient.Fruit at the beginning of mid-May to 6 months into Ripe phase keeps soil moisture content to be sure not overdrying or overly moist, prevent dehiscent fruit 60%~80%.After fruit harvesting pour water preferably it is small not It is preferably big, preferably meadow bog skin.Being poured water when November is especially arid, (different from the north, the north needs to freeze in rest period embedding Water).

2) water is controlled：Zhejiang Province's rainfall is 2~3 times of sweet cherry suitable growth area, therefore it is southern sweet cherry energy to control water The committed step that no success is planted.Florescence takes shelter from rain, and reduces blossom rot, increase pollination；Fruiting period is taken shelter from rain, and reduces dehiscent fruit；Controlled after fruit picking Water (early June to early July), increase bud amount, make bud satiation, lay the first stone for next year high yield, simultaneously effective control The nutrient growth of young sprout, promote reproductive growth, beneficial to Early Paleozoic strata.

3) whole growth period wants drainage waterlogging prevention.Especially mid-June to August part young sprout vigorous period Used in Rainy Seasons of Southern Cities when more Carry out drainage waterlogging prevention.

3rd, shaping and trimming：

Bearing tree uses spindle, and mobile jib is highly not less than 80cm, and tree crown is controlled in below 2.5m, accomplishes the low hat of high level cadre. Trees in richful production period is to cultivate, rejuvenation, renewal fruitful branch, under promoting in suppression, prevent strong up and weak down or upper weak lower strong tree vigo(u)r, adjust Centered on the quantity of bud and distribution, formed with the basic skills of fruit layer balance tree vigo(u)r, sensible load, as a result excessively easily made It is withered into short fruit tree.Balance tree vigo(u)r and branch is mainly drawn using suitable stock and combination.It is the warm area plantation sweet tea cherry in south to draw branch The key measures of peach trimming.The branch of sweet cherry has the habit of upright growth, the branch that spring evens up, summer meeting again New line is grown up, therefore be should be noted that and evened up major branch and side shoot at any time, so just can guarantee that the ventilation and penetrating light of interior thorax.For the branch of excessive growth Branch is drawn in the case where there is space, draws 80~90 degree of the angle of branch, must be along the bearing of trend technology of branch when drawing branch.Not yet There are bud picking or pinching in the case of space.Sprig grows to 10cm or so pinching or turns round the tip, grows priming leaf repeatedly after 2~3 leaves. The back branch of pumping should carry out the torsion tip in length to 30cm or so on master branch, or remove, in order to avoid upset tree-like.

Balance tree vigo(u)r, adjustment shoot growth direction and space are played, another crucial pruning technique is to carve bud.Spring Carve bud within 15 days or so before rudiment, inspire branch and bouquet shape brachyplast.Continuous pinching is carried out in addition to extending head to the branch inspired, promoted Enter bud differentiation.The quarter bud position of back bud, lateral bud and lower bud and mode are different.Back bud carves bud after bud, reduces nutrient, promotees Make into bud.The branch of excessive growth is easily formed if back bud carves bud before bud, can not only play promotion into colored effect, on the contrary Reduce nutrient.Lateral bud and lower bud carve bud before bud, inspire branch.(north carves bud before bud, and purpose is in order to promote bud into branch.) It is saving trunk infusion before rudiment, bud can be removed to half (this is one of places different from north), with The later stage is promoted to yield positive results.The raw branch amount in south is big, therefore summer pruning workload is big, often irregularly to carry out.

4th, fertilizing management (different from treelet, also different from northern bearing tree in addition)：

South warm regional sweet cherry bearing tree autumn is attached most importance to base manure, and base manure is early applied preferably, is carried out more in October. Fertilizer can mix a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer based on organic fertilizer.After basal dressing, arid is such as run into, to pour and irrigate, to be done after pouring Good soil moisture conservation, the ability that enhancing tree body is survived the winter.In the following manner is then respectively adopted in Growing season：

1) preceding top dressing is spent, using radial canal, every plant of trees in richful production period imposes 1~2 kilogram of composite fertilizer, or 30 kilograms of night soil, Or 1~1.5 kilogram of urea, or 2~2.5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, water before being watered flowers after fertilising.

2) florescence foliage application 2~3 times.

3) early and middle ten dayses in the June flower_bud formation phase, top dressing after fruit picking is carried out, best with quick-acting fertilizer, trench digging or digging are spreaded manuer in holes, Watered after fertilising.

5th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control (conventional steps, but because southern rainwater is more, soil stickiness is big, more to pay attention to bleeding disease, crown gall The preventing and treating of the brown rot of disease and florescence and fruiting period)：

1) rest period at the beginning of late November to 2 months, tree body will carry out the trunk whitewashing (recipe ratio of white-out agent early after falling leaves Example：10 kilograms of quick lime, 1 kilogram of Cosan, 1 kilogram of salt, 0.1 kilogram of vegetable oil, 20 kilograms of water) and the work (removing of clear garden Disease fruit, sick leaf, sick branch are taken out of buried outside garden or burnt), spray lime sulfur.

2) 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed before early Febuary rudiment, serious orchard, which occurs, for coccid should spray 40% methidathion 1500 times of missible oil.Mid-February to the early March budding period, which to rot, dry rot scab scrape, controls coating, such as finds longicorn Note dry hole is found in harm, and the hole of branch-trunk insect is blocked with poison label etc., is killed off the insect pests.After germination reinforcement preventing and treating apple is should be noted that to June Rain beetle, east chafer and young garden big gourdshaped weevil first generation (spray 1500 times cockchafer is net or phoxim baythion, be used in combination Black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping).

3) from mid-April to August pay attention to the leaf diseases such as shothole disease, leaf spot (800 times of Mancozeb or 1500 times Thiophanate methyl is used alternatingly), the worm channel blocked with poison label etc. on limb prevents and treats red neck longicorn.Mid-June is prosperous to August part young sprout Contain growth period and strengthen preventing and treating leaf diseases.Pay attention to observing the diseases such as telson moth, boat-shaped caterpillar, oriental fruit months, shothole disease, brown rot The generation of insect pest, artificial control or medical treatment are carried out according to Harm.

4) it is the most important work of this phase that vegetative storage in the November phase, which protects blade, so it is noted that preventing and treating early leaf fall Disease.

5) preventing and treating of bleeding disease, root knot is carried out.Bleeding disease whole growth period will be prevented and treated, and 5 are applied after scraping removing glue liquid + 500 times of carbendazim of Baume degrees lime sulfur or the spirit of foliage-spray peach gummosis, find to prevent and treat at any time at any time in growth period.Carry out The preventing and treating of root knot, one finds at once with K84 processing.

6) brown rot is carried out：A Tuzet, carbendazim, Mancozeb temple bactericide are respectively sprayed before spending and after spending.Young fruit Phase sprays a bactericide again.

6th, other management：

Divided by outside upper administrative skill, adult sweet cherry need to put honeybee increase pollination at the florescence, and (south is warm now for flower and fruit thinning Area can be with flower thinning, it is not necessary to fruit thinning).

Claims (1)

1. a kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south is taken shelter from rain, the method for sunshade and anti-bird, it is characterised in that described sweet cherry Variety adoption Fan is short, Sa meter Tuo, thunder Buddhist nun, red honey, Sang Tina, Russia 1 or early big fruit, the stock used is folium isatidis or Ji Sai La, the frame that this method uses are embedded in the cement post of underground for the longitudinally spaced arrangement of multirow, bottom, and line-spacing plants seedlings according to kind Depending on wood, the column pull-down line earth anchorage of surrounding, cement post C20 cement pours, and cement post is high 3.8 meters, post cross section 8 × 10 centimetres, enter 0.5 meter of ground, often capable cement post restocking has diameter 25mm steel pipe, every 2 horizontal cement post overhead frame If the arch bar of tortuous bow shape forms ceiling frame, 21 meter of arch bar spacing under both ends, the both ends of arch bar are located on the steel pipe of frame shoulder, indulge It is fixedly connected to by duplex pull rod, plastic foil is longitudinally equipped with above ceiling frame, covers whole ceiling frame, the outer film-pressing line of film It is fixed on both sides steel strand wires and arch bar, the both sides of the plastic foil longitudinal direction are connected with roll bar, and roll bar is connected with film-coiling device, wound membrane Plastic film roll is wound in roll bar by device, and plastic foil can be rolled onto at the 1/2 of ceiling frame with roll bar, is existed by film-coiling device control plastic foil Opening and closing degree on ceiling frame；Plastic foil is placed on frame when need to take shelter from rain, needs to put sunshade net in same posture during sunshade；This method Comprise the following steps：

1）3rd year start overlay film, spent at the beginning of mid-March before button canopy, detain canopy when must be according to weather temperature at that time, Hua Qianwen Degree then detains canopy, late June lid sunshade net more than 30 DEG C after spending；Mid-September daily mean temperature 25 DEG C remove plastic foils And sunshade net；The light transmittance of sunshade net is with 30 ~ 35%, when detaining canopy low 1 ~ 3 DEG C outside canopy internal ratio canopy；During sunshade temperature of shed than canopy outside Low 1 ~ 3 DEG C；Rainy season takes shelter from rain；

2）Bird prevention net is vertical from the top down when needing anti-bird before fruit veraison, and bird prevention net airtight connection is used between canopy and canopy, will be whole Individual frame surrounding covers, and prevents bird from entering.