CN107258270B - Dragon fruit double-layer planting method - Google Patents
Dragon fruit double-layer planting method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107258270B CN107258270B CN201710452682.3A CN201710452682A CN107258270B CN 107258270 B CN107258270 B CN 107258270B CN 201710452682 A CN201710452682 A CN 201710452682A CN 107258270 B CN107258270 B CN 107258270B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- planting
- branch
- fruit
- layer
- months
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-layer planting method for pitaya, which comprises the steps of firstly making ridges, wherein the row spacing is 2.8-3.2m, the ridge width is 1.4-1.8m, and the ridge height is 20-30 cm; cement columns with the radius of 5-7cm are uniformly arranged on the ridge, the interval is 2-3m, and the height is 175-185 cm; two layers of rectangular frames are arranged on the upright posts, the height of the lower layer is 95-105cm, the height of the upper layer is 170-180cm, and the distance between the upper layer of rectangular frames and the top ends of the upright posts is 3-5 cm; the width of the rectangular frame is 26-35 cm; bamboo poles are arranged between the upright posts, the long bamboo poles are arranged at intervals, the long bamboo poles are connected with the upper layer long rod, the short bamboo poles are connected with the lower layer long rod, and the distance between the bamboo poles is 40-50 cm; during planting, the dragon fruit planting management comprises seedling selection, leveling, fertilizing and separate planting, water and fertilizer management, branch pruning, flower and fruit management and pest control. The planting frame meeting the premise of dragon fruit growth is adopted, land resources and illumination conditions are fully utilized, the acre yield, the quality and the sweetness of the dragon fruit are improved, and the economic benefit of dragon fruit planting is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dragon fruit planting, in particular to a double-layer planting method for dragon fruits.
Background
The pitaya is a cactaceae plant, has a high economic value due to the fact that the origin is in central America. It integrates fruits, flowers, vegetables, health care and medicines into a whole; on the traditional ceremony in Latin America, the dragon fruit is a requisite 'sheng zhi fruit'; rich nutrition, unique function and excellent effect on human health. It contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fiber. The dragon fruit is a tropical plant fruit growing in an upward climbing manner, a planting frame is required to be built for planting, the commonly used planting frame of the dragon fruit is a column type planting pile, namely, dragon fruit seedlings are planted on four sides of the planting pile, the stems and tendrils of the dragon fruit climb upwards along the planting pile, each fruit seedling can only keep fruit bearing branches on one side surface of the planting pile, and the fruit bearing branches only keep a one-layer fruit bearing mode.
Along with the increasing scarcity of land resources and the implementation of national policy of returning to farming and forestation, the land resources are more and more valuable; due to the special growth law of the dragon fruits, in order to utilize growth, picking and management, a single-column planting mode is mostly adopted, planting columns are separated by 1-3 meters, stand columns are required to be built one by one, the building speed is low, the land utilization rate and the yield per mu are low, and the planting cost of fruit growers is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dragon fruit double-layer planting method, which makes full use of sunlight and land, facilitates planting management, and realizes economic benefit and high yield relatively quickly.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a double-layer planting method for dragon fruits comprises selecting neutral soil and weakly acidic soil which have the lowest temperature of not less than 5 ℃ in winter, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and drainage, much humus and water and fertilizer retention in regions as planting fields; firstly, making ridges with the row spacing of 2.8-3.2m, the ridge width of 1.4-1.8m and the ridge height of 20-30 cm; upright columns with the radius of 5-7cm are uniformly arranged on the ridges, the height is 175-185cm, and the interval is 2-3 m; two layers of rectangular frames are arranged on the upright posts, the height of the lower layer is 95-105cm, the height of the upper layer is 170-180cm, and the distance between the upper layer of rectangular frames and the top ends of the upright posts is 3-5 cm; the rectangular frame consists of short rods and long rods, the short rods penetrate through the upper layer and the lower layer of the upright posts, the length of each short rod is 26-35cm, and the long rods are connected with the short rods on the same side; bamboo poles are arranged between the upright posts, the bamboo poles are arranged at intervals, long bamboo poles are connected with the upper layer long rod, short bamboo poles are connected with the lower layer long rod, and the distance between the bamboo poles is 40-50 cm; and (4) carrying out dragon fruit planting management of seedling selection, leveling, fertilizing and separate planting, water and fertilizer management, branch pruning, flower and fruit management and pest control in planting seasons.
The stand top is equipped with the sunshade frame, the sunshade frame is "T" type, and the lower extreme is connected with the short-bar, be equipped with the sunshade net on the sunshade frame.
The height of the sunshade frame is 75-85cm, and the width of the sunshade frame is 46-55 cm.
The upright post is formed by pouring cement into a plastic pipe.
The planting management of the dragon fruits is as follows:
A. planting fruit trees:
1) selecting seedlings: selecting thick and strong rhizome and hard spine in 2-3 months, cutting off 30-50cm, removing the edge of head by 2-3cm, collecting the middle bone, arranging to prevent damage, naturally airing for 2-3 days, and soaking root-growing medicine on head for planting; 2) leveling, fertilizing and separate planting: leveling the land, applying 4000 and 5000kg of organic fertilizer to each mu of land, and uniformly mixing with surface soil; planting a seedling beside each bamboo pole, covering surface soil with the thickness of 3-5cm, fixing the seedling with the bamboo pole by using a rope, laying 1-2 layers of straws, and watering after planting; four-petal purslane or sunflower is interplanted beside the dragon fruit tree, so that the soil is kept warm in winter and cooled in summer, and withered branches play a role in increasing the fertilizer of the soil, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the dragon fruit;
B. and (3) water and fertilizer management:
watering once in 2-3 days in sunny day to keep the soil moist and the humidity at 55-65%; applying farmyard manure and supplementing complete trace elements in 2-3 months every year, and burying the farmyard manure and the complete trace elements in soil; supplementing phosphate fertilizer in 4 months and 9 months, and applying urea fertilizer on the surface layer in 8 months; fertilizing the surface of the soil by using the nutrient solution once every 6-8 days, wherein the dosage is 450-; after the nutrient solution is applied, clear water is poured once before 5 am the next day, and the water is poured once in 4 pm: 30 to 6: 00, pouring clear water once to ensure the normal growth of the pitaya and ensure that the roots are developed and successfully spend the flowering phase, the fruiting phase and the overwintering; proportioning nutrient solution: a. uniformly mixing 35-45kg of soybean meal and 0.3-0.8kg of chicken manure, adding 13-18kg of water, and stirring to wet the mixture to be capable of being kneaded into a dough; b. spreading the mixture on an off-ground wire gauze with 3-30 meshes for water seepage, covering a film, and fermenting for one month; c. one month later, taking out, placing into a barrel, covering, and fermenting for 15 days; d. when the nutrient solution is applied to the fruit trees, the fermented mixture is put into a crusher to be crushed, and a proper amount of water is added to prepare slurry; e. when the nutrient solution is used for fertilizing, adding water into the serous fluid of the step d to prepare the nutrient solution with the concentration of 3.5-4%;
C. fruit tree management:
1) trimming branches, after the fruit seedlings planted beside short bamboo poles grow out branches, selecting a robust branch, topping the strong branch to grow to 3-6cm below a lower rectangular frame, branching, reserving 2-3 robust branches for each branch, and removing the tail (pinching) when the branch drops to 80-100 cm; after the branches of the fruit seedlings planted beside the long bamboo poles grow, selecting a robust branch, topping the strong branch 3-6cm below an upper-layer rectangular frame of the long bamboo poles for branching, reserving 2-3 robust branches per branch, removing tails (pinching) when the robust branch drops to 80-100cm m, pruning and removing the strong branch after the strong branch grows for three years, and replacing and updating new branches;
2) flower and fruit management: after the branches bloom, thinning the flower when the size of the thumb of the flower bud is large, keeping 2-3 growing, large and non-deformed flower buds per branch, and removing the rest; during the period of flowers and fruits, the sunshade net is laid on the sunshade frame in 5-9 months; thinning the fruits when the fruits grow to 4-6cm, removing the fruits with poor growth vigor, and bagging when the surfaces of the fruits turn red from green;
3) and (3) pest control: takes prevention as the main and comprehensive treatment to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the double-layer planting frame and the planting method, the growth characteristics of the dragon fruits are met, the land resources and the illumination conditions are fully utilized, the yield, the quality and the sweetness of the dragon fruits are improved, and the economic benefit of dragon fruit planting is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a planting schematic diagram of a dragon fruit double-layer planting method of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of a double-layered planting method of dragon fruits.
FIG. 3 is a fruiting state diagram of the double-layer planting method of dragon fruits.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a planting frame of the double-layer planting method for dragon fruits.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of single-column planting.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a single-column planting result state.
Detailed Description
The following describes a comparison between a single-column planting method commonly used in dragon fruit planting and the double-shelf planting method of the present invention.
1. Dragon fruit double-layer planting
Selecting neutral soil and weakly acidic soil which have sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and drainage, much humus and water and fertilizer retention in areas with the lowest temperature of not less than 5 ℃ in winter as planting fields; firstly, making ridges, wherein the row spacing is 2.8m, the ridge width is 1.6m, and the ridge height is 25 cm; cement upright posts 1 are uniformly arranged on the ridge, the radius is 6cm, the height is 180cm, the interval is 2.8m, two layers of rectangular frames 2 are arranged on the cement upright posts 1, the height of the lower layer of rectangular frame 2 is 100cm, the height of the upper layer of rectangular frame 2 is 175cm, and the distance between the upper layer of rectangular frame 2 and the top end of the cement upright post 1 is 5 cm; the rectangular frame 2 consists of a short rod 21 and a long rod 22, the short rod 21 penetrates through the upper layer and the lower layer of the cement upright post 1, the length of the short rod 21 is 35cm, and the long rod 22 is connected with the tail end of the short rod 21 on the same side; bamboo poles 3 are arranged among the cement upright columns 1, the bamboo poles 3 are arranged at intervals, long bamboo poles 32 are connected with the long rod 222 on the upper layer, short bamboo poles 31 are connected with the long rod 221 on the lower layer, and the distance between the bamboo poles 3 is 45 cm; and (4) carrying out dragon fruit planting management of seedling selection, leveling, fertilizing and sub-planting, water and fertilizer management, branch pruning, flower and fruit management and pest control in the planting season.
The sunshade frame 4 is arranged above the upright post 1, the sunshade frame 4 is T-shaped, the lower end of the sunshade frame 4 is connected with the short rod 21, and a sunshade net 41 is arranged on the sunshade frame 4.
The height of the sunshade frame 4 is 80cm, and the width of the sunshade frame is 50 cm.
The upright column 1 is formed by pouring cement 11 into a plastic pipe 12.
The planting management is as follows:
(1) planting fruit trees:
1) selecting seedlings: selecting thick and strong rhizome and hard spine in 2-3 months, cutting 30-50cm, removing 2-3cm of edge of head, and collecting middle bone; after the treatment is finished, arranging the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from being damaged, naturally airing the seedlings for 2 to 3 days, then soaking the head parts with rooting medicines for planting, diluting the rooting medicines (such as ABT rooting powder) into 200 to 800 times of solution, soaking the seedlings to be planted in the solution for 8 to 12min, and then planting the seedlings;
2) leveling, fertilizing and separate planting: after the planting frame is built, leveling the land, and simultaneously applying 4500kg of organic fertilizer to each mu of land to be uniformly mixed with surface soil; digging a pit beside each bamboo pole to plant a treated seedling, covering surface soil with the thickness of 4cm, fixing the seedling with the bamboo pole by using a rope, laying 2 layers of straws, immediately watering after planting, and thoroughly watering (fully watering up and down); four-petal purslane or sunflower is interplanted beside the dragon fruit tree, so that certain heat preservation can be realized on soil in winter, cooling can be realized in summer, and withered branches can realize the function of increasing the weight of the soil, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the dragon fruit;
(2) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering once in 2-3 days in sunny day to keep the soil moist and the humidity at 55-65%; applying farmyard manure and supplementing complete trace elements (7 elements of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chlorine) in 2-3 months every year, and burying the elements in soil; supplementing phosphate fertilizer in 4 months and 9 months, and applying fertilizer urea on the surface layer in 8 months; the nutrient solution is applied to the ground surface once every 6 to 8 days, the using amount is 500 kg/mu, the number of the fertilizer is not more than 60 times all year round, pipelines can be laid under plants, nozzles are connected, and a micro-spraying method is adopted for applying the fertilizer, so that the labor cost is saved; after the nutrient solution is applied, clear water is poured once before 5 am the next day, and the water is poured once in 4 pm: 30 to 6: 00, pouring clear water once to ensure the normal growth of the pitaya, ensure the developed root system and smoothly pass through the flowering period, the fruiting period and the overwintering period; proportioning nutrient solution: a. uniformly mixing 40kg of soybean meal and 0.4kg of chicken manure, adding 15kg of water, and stirring to wet the mixture to be capable of being kneaded; b. spreading the mixture on an off-ground wire gauze, infiltrating water, covering a film, and fermenting for one month, wherein the wire gauze has 25 meshes; c. taking out after one month, putting into a barrel, covering to prevent gnawing, and fermenting for 15 days; d. when the fruit trees need to be added with nutrient solution, putting the fermented mixture into a pulverizer to be pulverized, and adding a proper amount of water to prepare slurry; e. when the nutrient solution is used for fertilizing, adding water into the serous fluid of the step d to prepare the nutrient solution with the concentration of 3.5-4%;
(3) fruit tree management:
1) trimming branches, after the fruit seedlings planted beside short bamboo poles grow out branches, selecting a robust branch, topping the strong branch to grow to 3-6cm below a lower rectangular frame, branching, reserving 2-3 robust branches for each branch, and removing the tail (pinching) when the branch drops to 80-100 cm; after the branches of the fruit seedlings planted beside the long bamboo poles grow, selecting a robust branch, topping the strong branch 3-6cm below an upper-layer rectangular frame of the long bamboo poles for branching, reserving 2-3 robust branches per branch, removing tails (pinching) when the robust branch drops to 80-100cm m, pruning and removing the strong branch after the strong branch grows for three years, and replacing and updating new branches;
2) flower and fruit management: after the branches bloom, thinning the flower when the size of the thumb of the flower bud is large, keeping 2-3 growing, large and non-deformed flower buds per branch, and removing the rest; during the period of flowers and fruits, the sunshade net is laid on the sunshade frame in 5-9 months; thinning fruits when the fruits grow to 4-6cm in size if necessary, removing fruits with poor growth vigor, and bagging when the fruit peels turn green to red;
3) and (3) pest control: mainly takes prevention as well as comprehensive treatment to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests. During the whole growth process of the dragon fruit, attention is paid to the prevention and control of main pests and diseases, the prevention and control of nematodes in 1 month and 2 months, the prevention and control of scale insects in 3 months, 4 months, 6 months and 7 months, the prevention and control of ants eating when the dragon fruit grows out buds, the prevention and control of aphids in 5 months and 6 months, the prevention and control of stem blight at 30 ℃ in 5 months (before summer and after miscanthus), the prevention and control of anthracnose in 7 months (before sunstroke and after sunset), the prevention and control of bud blight in 8 months (autumn), the prevention and control of rust ticks in 8 months and 9 months (autumn, dew) and the prevention and control of soft rot in 8 months and 9 months (summer, dew) and the prevention and control of leaf spot in 10 months and 11 months (winter) and the prevention and control of nematodes in 12 months (snow); mainly takes agriculture, physics and biological control as main and chemical treatment as auxiliary. The pest control specifically adopts: the method comprises the following steps of well laying out varieties in agricultural control, avoiding the varieties with larger difference in planting maturity in the same area, selecting excellent varieties with high drought resistance and disease and pest resistance, timely treating branches, flowers and fruits with diseases and pests, carrying out centralized pollution-free treatment, well cleaning in a garden, and carrying out control from a source; the physical prevention and control adopts a trapping agent, a trapping lamp, a trapping plate or a trap to attract pests and kill the pests, and the pests are not directly contacted with plants and are nontoxic and harmless to fruits; the method can also be used for killing snails and other pests falling on the ground by adopting proper manual trapping or adopting nontoxic and harmless 3 percent saline water for spraying and disinfecting to prevent and control diseases and pests, adopting tea seed cakes to prevent and control nematodes, or breeding ducks in a garden. If chemical agents are sprayed, pests can be prevented and controlled, and the pesticide can be purchased in a pesticide store to remove corresponding pests and diseases for spraying; for example, 46% of copper hydroxide (Dupont diclosum) is used for preventing and treating leaf spot, stem blight, soft rot and scab, 25% of prochloraz and 40% of difenoconazole 2: 5-7 for preventing and treating anthracnose, and pyrazolopyrimidin for preventing and treating ulcer.
By adopting the method, 1000 plants are planted per mu, the cutting seedlings start to bear fruits in the second year after being planted in spring, branches are carried out on each row at intervals, the average yield per plant is 6.1kg, the yield per mu is 6100kg, the yield per mu is 61000 yuan (calculated by the wholesale price of a production area of 10 yuan/kg, the same is carried out below), the yield per plant is 10kg, the yield per mu is 10000kg, and the yield per mu is 10 ten thousand yuan in the third year.
2. Traditional single-column planting
(1) Fruit tree planting
1) Site selection and soil preparation: selecting neutral soil and weakly acidic soil which have the lowest temperature of not less than 5 ℃ in winter, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and drainage, much humus and water and fertilizer retention in the area as planting fields; firstly, making a furrow, wherein the row spacing is 2.8m, the furrow width is 1.6m, and the furrow height is 25cm, so that the growth of root hairs, fertilization, drainage and ventilation are facilitated;
2) building a planting frame: the cement upright columns with the radius of 6cm are uniformly inserted in the middle of the ridge, the outer layers of the cement upright columns are plastic pipes, the cement upright columns are protected to a certain extent, the upright columns are convenient to use and do not need to be lapped with a mold, cost is saved, the distance between the upright columns is 2.5m, the height of the upright columns is 1.2m, the height of an underground ground pile connected with the cement upright columns is 45cm, the ground pile is stable, the wind resistance and external force resistance are high, a support frame with the side length of 40cm is arranged at a position 4cm away from the top ends of the cement upright columns, and the support frame is formed by connecting; a sunshade frame is arranged above the cement upright post and connected with the support frame, the length of the sunshade frame is 78cm, and the radius of the sunshade frame is 50 cm;
3) selecting seedlings: selecting thick and strong rootstock and hard thorn in 2-3 months, cutting 40cm of the rootstock, removing 3cm of the edge of the head, reserving the middle bone, and selecting the weather for planting before and after planting the tree section; after the treatment is finished, arranging the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from being damaged, naturally airing the seedlings for 2 to 3 days, then soaking the head parts with rooting medicines for planting, diluting the rooting medicines (such as ABT rooting powder) into 200 to 800 times of solution, soaking the seedlings to be planted in the solution for 8 to 12min, and then planting the seedlings;
4) leveling, fertilizing and separate planting: after the planting frame is built, leveling the land, and simultaneously applying 4500kg of organic fertilizer to each mu of land to be uniformly mixed with surface soil; uniformly digging holes around a cement column to plant the treated seedlings, covering surface soil with the thickness of 4cm, leaning against the cement column, fixing the seedlings on the cement column by using ropes, inserting a bamboo pole beside the cement column for fixing if the seedlings cannot be fixed with the cement column, preventing the seedlings from toppling over, uniformly planting 6 seedlings on each column, paving 1 layer of straws, immediately watering after planting, and completely watering (completely watering up and down); four-petal purslane or sunflower is interplanted beside the dragon fruit tree, so that a certain heat preservation effect can be achieved on soil in winter, a cooling effect can be achieved in summer, and a fertility increasing effect can be achieved on the soil after withering, so that the growth of the dragon fruit is facilitated;
(2) liquid manure management
The dragon fruit is drought-enduring plant, and is watered once in 2-3 days under sunny conditions, so that the soil is kept moist, and the humidity is kept at 55-65%; applying farmyard manure and supplementing complete trace elements (7 elements of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chlorine) in 2-3 months every year, and burying the elements in soil; supplementing phosphate fertilizer in 4 months and 9 months, and applying fertilizer urea on the surface layer in 8 months; and at other time, surface soil fertilization of nutrient solution prepared by fermenting soybean meal and chicken manure is carried out once every 6-8 days, the dosage is 500 kg/mu, the whole year does not exceed 60 times, after the nutrient solution is applied, clear water is poured once before 5 am the next day, and the fertilizer is applied in 4 pm: 30 to 6: 00, once watering with clean water to ensure that nutrients are fully absorbed by the root system and the root system is not burnt by nutrient solution, ensuring the normal growth of the dragon fruit, ensuring the developed root system and smoothly passing through the flowering period, fruiting period and overwintering; the preparation of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing 35kg of soybean meal and 0.4kg of chicken manure, adding 15kg of water, and stirring to wet the mixture until the mixture can be kneaded into a dough; 2) after stirring completely, spreading the mixture on an off-ground wire gauze, infiltrating water, covering a film, and fermenting for about one month; 3) taking out after one month, putting into a barrel, covering to prevent gnawing, and continuing fermenting for about 15 days; 4) when the fruit trees need to be added with nutrient solution, putting the fermented mixture into a pulverizer to be pulverized, and adding a proper amount of water to prepare slurry; 5) when the nutrient solution is applied, water is continuously added to prepare the nutrient solution with the concentration of 4 percent (mass percentage).
(3) Fruit tree management
1) Pruning branches: after branches grow out of the planted seedlings, selecting one strong branch with high length, and picking off the rest branches including newly grown branch buds; topping (pinching) treatment is carried out when the branches grow to 3-5cm below the support frame, primary branches are carried out, 2-3 robust branches are reserved for each primary branch, the rest branches grown out are removed in time, and tail removal (pinching) treatment is carried out when the secondary branches on the primary branches grow to 85 cm; selecting 2 robust branches from the second-stage branches grown on the first-stage branches, timely removing the rest grown branches, and removing tails (pinching) when the length of the second-stage branches reaches 85 cm; when the branch grows for three years, the branch is removed, and a new branch is replaced to update, so that the quality of the fruit tree is guaranteed;
2) flower and fruit management: after the branches bloom, thinning the flower when the size of the thumb of the flower bud is large, keeping 2-3 growing, large and non-deformed flower buds per branch, and removing the rest; during the period of flowers and fruits, the sunshade net is laid on the sunshade frame in 5-9 months, so that the sun is prevented from directly irradiating roots and stems of the horizontal part on the support frame, moisture and nutrients conveyed to the fruit part are overheated, the fruit ripens too fast, the fruit hanging time is reduced by 3-6 days, the fruit cannot fully absorb nutrients, and the quality, the taste and the sweetness of the fruit are influenced; thinning fruits when the fruits grow to 4-6cm if necessary, and picking off the fruits with poor growth vigor; bagging treatment is carried out when the fruit peel turns red from green, so that the effect of preventing insect pests (mainly preventing and controlling the damage of fruit flies and birds) is achieved;
3) and (3) pest control: during the whole growth process of the dragon fruit, attention is paid to the control of main pests and diseases, the control of nematodes in 1 month and 2 months, the control of scale insects in 3 months, 4 months, 6 months and 7 months, the control of ants eating when the dragon fruit grows out small buds, the control of aphids in 5 months and 6 months, the control of stem blight at the temperature of 30 ℃ in 5 months (before summer and after miscanthus), the control of anthracnose in 7 months (before sunstroke), the control of bud blight in 8 months (after autumn), the control of rust ticks in 8 months and 9 months (after autumn, summer, white dew and autumn), the control of soft rot in 8 months and 9 months (summer and white dew), the control of leaf spot in 10 months and 11 months (cold dew and winter) and the control of nematodes in 12 months (snow); mainly takes agriculture, physics and biological control as main and chemical treatment as auxiliary.
The pest control specifically adopts: the method comprises the following steps of well laying out varieties in agricultural control, avoiding the varieties with larger difference in planting maturity in the same area, selecting excellent varieties with high drought resistance and disease and pest resistance, timely treating branches, flowers and fruits with diseases and pests, carrying out centralized pollution-free treatment, well cleaning in a garden, and carrying out control from a source; the physical prevention and control adopts a trapping agent, a trapping lamp, a trapping plate or a trap to attract pests and kill the pests, and the pests are not directly contacted with plants and are nontoxic and harmless to fruits; the method can also be used for killing snails and other pests falling on the ground by adopting proper manual trapping or adopting nontoxic and harmless 3 percent saline water for spraying and disinfecting to prevent and control diseases and pests, adopting tea seed cakes to prevent and control nematodes, or breeding ducks in a garden. If chemical agents are sprayed, pests can be prevented and controlled, and the pesticide can be purchased in a pesticide store to remove corresponding pests and diseases for spraying; for example, 46% copper hydroxide (diclazuril from du pont) is used for controlling leaf spot, stem blight, soft rot, scab, 25% prochloraz and 40% difenoconazole 2: 5-7 for preventing and treating anthracnose, and pyrazolopyrimidin for preventing and treating ulcer.
By adopting the method, 600 plants are planted per mu, the cutting seedlings start fruiting in the second year after being planted in spring, 6 plants in each cement column yield 6.5kg per plant on average, 3900kg per mu yield and 39000 yuan per mu yield, and the seedlings are harvested in the third year, 11kg per plant yield, 6600kg per mu yield and 6.6 ten thousand yuan per mu yield.
The invention has the advantages that: by adopting the planting frame and management, the novel double-layer dragon fruit growing planting frame meeting the premise of dragon fruit growth fully utilizes land resources and illumination conditions through reasonable layout of the height of the upper layer and the lower layer and the planting interval, improves the acre yield of the dragon fruit, ensures the quality and sweetness of the dragon fruit and improves the economic benefit of dragon fruit planting.
The above planting methods are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of harvest for various planting methods
In conclusion, the double-layer planting method for the pitaya improves the land utilization rate, solves the problems of low yield, land waste and high cost, and has important significance for the popularization and application of the pitaya planting and the development of industrialization.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A dragon fruit double-layer planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting neutral soil and weakly acidic soil which have the lowest temperature of not less than 5 ℃ in winter, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and drainage, much humus and water and fertilizer retention in the area as planting fields; making ridges with row spacing of 2.8-3.2m, width of 1.4-1.8m, and height of 20-30 cm; uniformly arranging upright posts with the radius of 5-7cm on the ridge, wherein the height is 175-185cm, and the interval is 2-3 m; two layers of rectangular frames are arranged on the upright posts, the height of the lower layer is 95-105cm, the height of the upper layer is 170-180cm, and the distance between the upper layer of rectangular frames and the top ends of the upright posts is 3-5 cm; the rectangular frame consists of short rods and long rods, the short rods penetrate through the upper layer and the lower layer of the upright posts, the length of each short rod is 26-35cm, and the long rods are connected with the short rods on the same side; bamboo poles are arranged between the upright posts, the bamboo poles are arranged at intervals, long bamboo poles are connected with the upper layer long rod, short bamboo poles are connected with the lower layer long rod, and the distance between the bamboo poles is 40-50 cm; during planting, seedling selection, leveling, fertilizing and separate planting, water and fertilizer management, branch pruning, flower and fruit management and planting management for pest control;
the planting management of the dragon fruits is as follows:
A. planting fruit trees:
1) selecting seedlings: selecting thick and strong rootstock and hard thorn in 2-3 months, cutting off 30-50cm, removing the edge of the head by 2-3cm, reserving the middle bone, naturally airing for 2-3 days, soaking the head with rooting agent, and planting;
2) leveling, fertilizing and separate planting: leveling the land, applying 4000 and 5000kg of organic fertilizer to each mu of land, and uniformly mixing with surface soil; planting a seedling beside each bamboo pole, covering surface soil with the thickness of 3-5cm, fixing the seedling with the bamboo pole by using a rope, laying 1-2 layers of straws, and watering after planting; interplanting four purslane petals or sunflower petals beside the dragon fruit tree;
B. and (3) water and fertilizer management:
watering once in 2-3 days in sunny day to keep the soil moist and the humidity at 55-65%; applying farmyard manure and trace elements in 2-3 months every year, and burying the farmyard manure and the trace elements in soil; applying supplementary phosphate fertilizer in months 4 and 9 and applying fertilizer urea on the surface layer in months 8; and (3) fertilizing the surface of the nutrient solution once every 6-8 days, wherein the dosage is 550 kg/mu, after the nutrient solution is applied, watering the nutrient solution once before 5 am, and the fertilizer is applied in 4 pm: 30 to 6: 00, pouring clear water once;
proportioning nutrient solution: a. uniformly mixing 35-45kg of soybean meal and 0.3-0.8kg of chicken manure, adding 13-18kg of water, and stirring to wet the mixture to be capable of being kneaded into a dough; b. spreading the mixture on an off-ground wire gauze with 3-30 meshes for water seepage, covering a film, and fermenting for one month; c. taking out, placing into a barrel, covering, and fermenting for 15 days; d. putting the fermented mixture into a pulverizer to be pulverized, and adding a proper amount of water to prepare slurry; e. adding water into the slurry to prepare nutrient solution with the concentration of 3.5-4%;
C. fruit tree management:
1) trimming branches, after the fruit seedlings planted beside short bamboo poles grow out branches, selecting a robust branch, topping the strong branch to grow to 3-6cm below a lower rectangular frame, branching, reserving 2-3 robust branches for each branch, and removing the tail (pinching) when the branch drops to 80-100 cm; after the branches of the fruit seedlings planted beside the long bamboo poles grow, selecting a robust branch, topping the strong branch 3-6cm below an upper-layer rectangular frame of the long bamboo poles for branching, reserving 2-3 robust branches per branch, removing tails (pinching) when the robust branch drops to 80-100cm m, pruning and removing the strong branch after the strong branch grows for three years, and replacing and updating new branches;
2) flower and fruit management: after the branches bloom, thinning the flower when the size of the thumb of the flower bud is large, keeping 2-3 growing, large and non-deformed flower buds per branch, and removing the rest; during the period of flowers and fruits, the sunshade net is laid on the sunshade frame in 5-9 months; thinning the fruits when the fruits grow to 4-6cm, removing the fruits with poor growth vigor, and bagging when the surfaces of the fruits turn red from green;
3) and (3) pest control: mainly takes prevention as well as comprehensive treatment to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests.
2. The dragon fruit double-layer planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stand top is equipped with the sunshade frame, the sunshade frame is "T" type, and the lower extreme is connected with the short-bar, be equipped with the sunshade net on the sunshade frame.
3. The dragon fruit double-layer planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the height of the sunshade frame is 75-85cm, and the width of the sunshade frame is 46-55 cm.
4. The dragon fruit double-layer planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upright post is formed by pouring cement into a plastic pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710452682.3A CN107258270B (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2017-06-15 | Dragon fruit double-layer planting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710452682.3A CN107258270B (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2017-06-15 | Dragon fruit double-layer planting method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107258270A CN107258270A (en) | 2017-10-20 |
| CN107258270B true CN107258270B (en) | 2020-07-07 |
Family
ID=60066288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710452682.3A Active CN107258270B (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2017-06-15 | Dragon fruit double-layer planting method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107258270B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108934836B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-10-16 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Dragon fruit A-shaped pipe frame double-layer close planting cultivation method |
| CN109452102B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-08-06 | 广西铭和农业科技发展有限公司 | Quincuncial pile type dragon fruit planting frame and dragon fruit planting method |
| CN109105177A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-01 | 广西铭和农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of bilayer dragon fruit implantation methods |
| CN110972838A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-10 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Planting method of purslane for intercropping in dragon orchard |
| CN110663445A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-01-10 | 南方葡萄沟酒庄有限公司 | Vitis davidii planting method |
| CN110754305A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-07 | 无为县松院肖尚华农场 | High-yield pitaya planting method |
| CN111066592A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for interplanting small-flying-weeds in hilly red-soil dry-land pitaya |
| CN112450007A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-03-09 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | Single-column type double-layer dragon fruit planting method |
| CN112119803A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-25 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | High-yield planting method for dragon fruits and support frame used by same |
| CN113287508B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2023-09-19 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Pitaya frame type device suitable for reclamation land and soilless culture method |
| CN114402921A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 西昌学院 | Pitaya vertical cultivation method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1631094A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-06-29 | 买日江·热西堤 | Double layer shelf for grape and culture method thereof |
| CN102948305A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-03-06 | 上海博翼有机农业技术发展有限公司 | Greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse structure for promoting high quality and high yield of dragon fruit |
| CN104782430A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-07-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Efficient kiwi plant culturing method through double-layer canopy frame |
| CN104838877A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-19 | 福安市庄原农业发展有限公司 | Efficient and high yield pitaya cultivation method |
-
2017
- 2017-06-15 CN CN201710452682.3A patent/CN107258270B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1631094A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-06-29 | 买日江·热西堤 | Double layer shelf for grape and culture method thereof |
| CN102948305A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-03-06 | 上海博翼有机农业技术发展有限公司 | Greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse structure for promoting high quality and high yield of dragon fruit |
| CN104782430A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-07-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Efficient kiwi plant culturing method through double-layer canopy frame |
| CN104838877A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-19 | 福安市庄原农业发展有限公司 | Efficient and high yield pitaya cultivation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107258270A (en) | 2017-10-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107258270B (en) | Dragon fruit double-layer planting method | |
| CN105941065B (en) | Soft seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method | |
| CN104920134B (en) | Management method for planting adult sweet cherry trees at warm regions in south of China | |
| CN104904540B (en) | A kind of stem of noble dendrobium association tea | |
| CN104838935B (en) | Early management method of planting sweet cherries in south warm region | |
| CN107056354A (en) | A kind of high yield dragon fruit implantation methods | |
| CN102265767A (en) | Prunus humilis cultivation technology | |
| CN104885841B (en) | A kind of warm area plantation sweet cherry in south is taken shelter from rain, the method for sunshade and anti-bird | |
| CN102919045A (en) | Fructus momordicae high-yield cultivation technology allowing fructus momordicae to be planted one time and harvested two times in year | |
| CN103283428A (en) | Greenhouse artificial cultivation method of dendrobium | |
| CN104365465A (en) | Interplanting cultivation device for anoectochilus formosanus and dendrobium officinale and method thereof | |
| CN107047207A (en) | A kind of cultivation management method of peach | |
| CN104604622A (en) | Raspberry planting technology | |
| CN109526522B (en) | Efficient nectarine cultivation method adopting intelligent facilities | |
| CN111316866A (en) | Passion fruit close-planting high-yield cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacle | |
| CN108739182B (en) | Standardized planting method for bletilla striata and blueberry intercropping | |
| CN104705022A (en) | Planting method of kiwi fruits | |
| CN104969766A (en) | Method for planting strawberry | |
| CN106258726B (en) | Method for improving acre yield of momordica grosvenori | |
| CN110856466A (en) | High-yield planting method for raspberries | |
| CN109744042A (en) | A kind of citrus implantation methods | |
| CN113728869A (en) | Method suitable for cultivating anti-season autumn fruits of lemons | |
| CN112715293A (en) | Efficient and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting bird's nest fruit and pineapple | |
| CN112189499A (en) | Method for planting figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil | |
| CN111699904A (en) | Planting method of bee sugar plums |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |