CN104365465A - Interplanting cultivation device for anoectochilus formosanus and dendrobium officinale and method thereof - Google Patents
Interplanting cultivation device for anoectochilus formosanus and dendrobium officinale and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104365465A CN104365465A CN201410730846.0A CN201410730846A CN104365465A CN 104365465 A CN104365465 A CN 104365465A CN 201410730846 A CN201410730846 A CN 201410730846A CN 104365465 A CN104365465 A CN 104365465A
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- 241000026010 Dendrobium candidum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 241000218158 Clematis Species 0.000 abstract 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
金线莲与铁皮石斛套种栽培的装置，包括薄膜大棚和放在薄膜大棚内的套种搁架，套种搁架由两个纵立的等腰三角架与三个横向平行的矩形框架组成立体三角形搁架，上层和中间层搁放由树杆和/或竹杆相叠放组成的铁皮石斛种植架，下层为放置金钱莲种植托盘搁架。铁皮石斛种在套种搁架上层和中层的上下树杆间隙中，金线莲种在搁架下层带基质的种植托盘中，控制薄膜大棚内的相对湿度为70～90%，温度控制在18～25℃，透光率60~80%，配备喷淋和通风透气设施。铁皮石斛根系附生在树干上对下层的金线莲能进一步遮阴，下层金线莲采用基质离地栽培，透水性较好，既能避免地下害虫危害，又能充分利用上层淋下的有机肥，种植成本更低，收获季节相间隔，效益更高。
The device for interplanting cultivation of clematis and Dendrobium officinale includes a film greenhouse and an interplanting shelf placed in the film greenhouse. The interplanting shelf is composed of two vertical isosceles tripods and three horizontally parallel rectangular frames. Three-dimensional triangular shelf The upper and middle layers are placed on the Dendrobium officinale planting frame composed of stacked tree poles and/or bamboo poles, and the lower layer is a shelf for placing the lotus planting tray. Dendrobium officinale species are placed in the gap between the upper and lower tree poles of the upper and middle layers of the interplanting shelf, and clematis species are placed in the planting tray with substrate on the lower shelf. The relative humidity in the film greenhouse is controlled at 70-90%, and the temperature is controlled at 18-18. 25℃, light transmittance 60~80%, equipped with spraying and ventilation facilities. The roots of Dendrobium candidum epiphyte on the trunk can further shade the clematis in the lower layer. The lower layer of clematis is cultivated with a substrate away from the ground, which has good water permeability. Fertilizer, planting costs are lower, harvesting seasons are separated, and benefits are higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine interplanting culture technique, be specifically related to a kind of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum interplants equipment and method for interplanting cultivation.
Background technology
Roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud system the orchid family Anoectochilus Blume herbaceos perennial.This platymiscium has found 35 kinds, about has 20 kinds in China.Roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is the traditional rare rare traditional Chinese medicine of China, among the peoplely often uses it for the diseases such as treatment diabetes, high fat of blood, ephritis.Dendrobium candidum belongs to the orchid family Dendrobium herbaceos perennial, it is the traditional rare Chinese medicine of China, the effect such as have strengthening spleen and nourishing stomach, kidney is supported in enriching yin, moistening lung is promoted the production of body fluid, modern pharmacological research proves that it has the effects such as antitumor, anti-ageing, hypertension, and medical value is very high.
Two kinds of traditional Chinese medicine growing environments require very harsh, and dendrobium officinale growth, at overhanging cliff the moon place, is grown nonparasitically upon another plant in the tree or on rock, likes warm, moistening and half cloudy environment.Growing environment intensity of illumination about 3000 ~ 10000Lux, optimum temperature is 18 ~ 32 DEG C, and less than 5 DEG C stop growing, and temperature also can stop growing higher than when 35 DEG C, and relative moisture requires 60% ~ 90%.Roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud growth is at forest land small stream limes marginis or cliff cool place place, and property happiness is moistening, relative moisture more than 80%, avoid direct sunlight, suitable intensity of illumination 1500 ~ 4000Lux, soil requires loose, ventilative, meta-acid and humidity, growth optimum temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and maximum temperature should not for a long time more than 30 DEG C.Growth and Reproduction is all very slow under field conditions (factors) for two kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, and natural production is very rare, more excessively excavates for a long time because of among the people, causes wild resource rare endangered.
In order to meet the demand that market increases day by day, adopt manual type breeding cultivation roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum in recent years.Existing artificial planting pattern is greenhouse facility cultivation and sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating, adopt the suitable environmental condition such as matrix, temperature, illumination, humidity of auxiliary equipment simulation of plant growth, in conjunction with integrated control means disease and pest control, guarantee tame success.But above cropping pattern is all plant with single variety.How to utilize both common ground to environmental requirement, realize roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation, reaching efficiency utilization plantation space increases grower's economic benefit, simultaneously can also for improve the ecological environment and Developing Sightseeing agricultural is made contributions.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the common point to environmental requirement according to both and otherness, develop a kind of cropping pattern of interplanting, design a kind of interplanting cultivation device, a kind of method for interplanting cultivation of planting roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum in same solid space is provided.
The device of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation, comprise film booth and be placed on the interplanting shelf in film booth, described interplanting shelf at least forms 3-D triangle shelf by the rectangular frame that two vertical vertical isoceles triangle framves are parallel with three transverse directions, described 3-D triangle shelf at least establishes three layers, upper strata and intermediate layer place and stack by tree bar and/or bamboo bar the dendrobium candidum plantation frame formed mutually, and lower floor is the shelf placing money lotus plantation pallet.
Described film booth peripheral hardware sunshade net, surrounding establishes ventilating opening and fly net, and in film booth, spray nozzle is established on the top of interplanting shelf, and in canopy, gardening ground cloth is laid on ground.
The method for interplanting cultivation of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum, its feature comprises the following steps:
1) plant in the context tree bar gap in described interplanting shelf upper strata and middle level after, seedlings of Dendrobium officinale solid carbon dioxide tongue matrix mud drum being wrapped up in root;
2), roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud kind seed is entered in the plantation pallet of shelf underlying band matrix;
3), the relative moisture controlled in film booth is 70 ~ 90%, and temperature controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C, light transmittance 60 ~ 80%, intensity of illumination 3000 ~ 5000Lux, and is equipped with spray and ventilated facility;
4), ventilating opening establishes 20 ~ 40 order fly nets, employing biopesticide, insect-sticking plate and input natural enemy control during discovery damage by disease and insect;
5), with being located in film booth spray system timing to apply fertilizer water spray, making regular check on and recording and grow situation.
This interplanting culture technique is adopted to plant the growth being very beneficial for dendrobium candidum and roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud, dendrobium candidum is planted in upper strata trunk or bamboo pole, there is good ventilating air permeability, root system can be grown nonparasitically upon another plant on the trunk bamboo pole being with sphagna or liver moss, can shelter from heat or light further to the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud of lower floor simultaneously, and lower floor's roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud adopts the liftoff cultivation of matrix, water penetration is better, avoid the mollusk harm such as soil insect, snail, slug, the fertilizer under the pouring of upper strata can also be made full use of, planting cost is lower, and the harvest season, benefit was higher separately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum are interplanted shelf and indulged elevational schematic view.
Fig. 2 is that roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum interplant the horizontal schematic diagram of shelf.
Fig. 3 is that roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum interplant shelf three-dimensional view.
Fig. 4 is roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides interplanting cultivation device and the method for interplanting cultivation thereof of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 4, the structure of interplanting cultivation device and effect are described.
Build film booth: build the film booth 7 with ventilating opening, at booth peripheral hardware sunshade net, surrounding establishes ventilating opening 9 and fly net, in booth, spray nozzle 8 is established on the top of interplanting shelf, and in canopy, the gardening ground anti-grass of cloth 10 and soil insect are laid in ground.
Make interplanting cultivation device: shown in Fig. 1 ~ 3: main material is angle iron, galvanized pipe, tree bar and bamboo bar etc., build both sides support with isoceles triangle frame 1, and centre level anyhow bar connects into rectangular frame 5 and forms 3-D triangle shelf;
3-D triangle shelf is at least connected to form by the rectangular frame 5 that the parallel isoceles triangle frame 1 of two longitudinal perpendiculars is parallel with three transverse directions, the drift angle of 3-D triangle shelf is 50 ~ 70 degree, the height of 3-D triangle shelf about 2 ~ 2.5 meters, on three rectangular frames 5 points, in, lower three layers are fixed between two upright isoceles triangle framves 1, its at the middle and upper levels framework with drift angle 50 ~ 60cm, upper strata and middle level are at a distance of 50 ~ 60cm, middle level and lower floor are at a distance of 60 ~ 70cm, lower floor is 30 ~ 40cm overhead, rectangular frame 5 length about 1.8 ~ 2 meters, size is by each layer height design size in proportion.Three-dimensional triangle shelf material can select galvanized pipe or angle iron.Trunk is more straight pine, China fir or mao bamboon, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 7 ~ 10cm, more than length 3m.Three one group, with Chinese character pin-shaped superposition, horizontally rests on isoceles triangle frame 1, fixes, establish 2 groups for every layer, two layers totally 4 groups with steel wire or buckle 6.Topmost trunk or bamboo bar are opened fertilising groove 4 and are placed the animal wastes after fermenting or particle slow release fertilizer.The 3-D triangle shelf adopting isoceles triangle frame 1 and rectangular frame 5 to form at least three layers adds the steadiness of shelf, and the bar anyhow connected in lower floor's rectangular frame 5 adopts solid galvanized pipe or angle iron buckle 6 fixedly to add bearing capacity and stability.Dendrobium candidum plantation frame 2 is isosceles triangle stacked configuration by a mao bamboon bar and two tree bars or a tree bar with two mao bamboon bars, bamboo bar above or set on bar and establish level fertilising groove 4.Horizontal positioned roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plantation pallet 3 on lower floor's rectangular frame 5, in connection cross bar, the lifting surface area that bamboo chip or mesh sheet etc. increase roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plantation pallet 3 is put at interval, and adopting buckle 6 to be fixedly connected with can for convenience detach and carrying.
Select the dendrobium candidum 1 year of Zhejiang provenance or biennial plant to cultivate, remove deadwood and be completely cured, be divided into little Cong, every clump of band base of leaf strain 5 ~ 7 strain, root is planted in the context tree dry joint gap that product word stacks with after the matrix such as sphagna, liver moss parcel, and clump, apart from 8 ~ 12cm, can plant two layers;
The Fujian selecting hardening later and Taiwan kind roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud tissue-culture container seedling, after washing away root medium, be planted in the plantation pallet containing matrix after soaking sterilization agent, and put on shelf bottom seedbed, described cultivation matrix for other matrix of main collocation composition, mainly contains peat and river sand, peat and vermiculite or peat and perlite, mixed-matrix volume ratio: peat 70 ~ 80% with peat, other matrix 20 ~ 30%, first sterilizing before matrix uses;
Irrigate mainly through top spray system after plantation, human assistance waters, and sprays 1 ~ 2 time, till irrigating every day at every turn.
According to scale interplanting and the management of film booth, controlling relative moisture in film booth is 70 ~ 90%, and temperature controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C; light transmittance 60 ~ 80%; intensity of illumination 3000 ~ 5000Lux, and be equipped with spray and ventilation equipment, ventilating opening establishes 20 ~ 40 order fly nets.
In booth, winter temperature controls, more than 5 DEG C, to avoid less than 0 DEG C, and summer temp controls below 30 DEG C, avoids long-term more than 35 DEG C, generally keeps 18 ~ 25 DEG C to be advisable.
Fertilizer uses with the collocation of fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer and foliage fertilizer, the preferred humic acid organic fertilizer of fertilizer and the animal wastes after fermenting.Place fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer on seedling top in netted or groove arrangement, by flowing to seedling place, below after spray, human assistance sprays foliage fertilizer simultaneously.
The plantation of dendrobium candidum 11: adopt annual above Zhejiang provenance dendrobium candidum to grow thickly seedling, root, with after sphagna or liver moss parcel, is put into isosceles triangle and is stacked and laterally set bar (or bamboo bar) gap, pushes down, spacing 8 ~ 12cm mono-clump with trunk or bamboo bar above.Adopt Zhejiang's cultivar because Zhejiang's cultivar cold resistance is good, best in quality, growing nonparasitically upon another plant property is strong.
The plantation of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud 12: adopt roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud tissue-culture container seedling, for subsequent use after in-bottle seeding.Prepare square plantation pallet, specification length and width are 42cm, height 5cm, or the plantation pallet of other shapes is good.PH value is adopted to be less than 6 peat and river sand, vermiculite or perlite, with 3:1(volume ratio) ratio mixing, squirt, roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is taken out from bottle, wash root medium off, plant in matrix after adopting bactericide leaching root, spacing 3 ~ 5cm, often coil plantation 50 ~ 80 strain, under blade face, base portion is all planted in matrix.Adopt Fujian kind main because variety yield is high, quality better.
Cultivate administration: the management being first moisture content, adopts top spray system to be main, and other irrigation systems are assisted.Regularly, spray time and degree can be adjusted, general every day 1 ~ 2 time by temperature and humidity.Fertilizer passes through the backward lower fertilising of spray with fertilizer in the trunk of top and slow-release fertilizer, other foliage fertilizers can be adopted to assist and topdress.Damage by disease and insect mainly prevents and treats snail, based on trapping, other alien insects are trapped and killed with gyplure or Yellow sticky trap mode, disease is based on integrated control in seedling stage, general dendrobium candidum 2 ~ 3 years raw branches just start to gather at any time, roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud is concentrated after 6 ~ 8 months and is gathered, and both do not repeat picking time, are conducive to the arrangement of labour.Roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud the moon more resistance to than dendrobium candidum, so dendrobium candidum is upper, roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud under, both liftoff, water penetration is splendid, can not ponding.Winter, temperature of shed controlled, more than 5 DEG C, to avoid less than 0 DEG C, and summer temp controls below 30 DEG C, avoided long-term more than 35 DEG C.The dendrobium candidum of being planted by this mode belongs to imitating wild planting, and quality is better than common people's work post and plants.Roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud plantation flexibly, plants the period according to adjusting at any time season.Carry out the plantation of this pattern and can plant two kinds of rare traditional Chinese medicines simultaneously, after the disposable input cost of shelf, can use for many years, can also provide simultaneously and go sightseeing, the overall economic efficiency improving plantation family is better than single cropping pattern.
Claims (9)
1. the device of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation, comprise film booth and be placed on the interplanting shelf in film booth, described interplanting shelf at least forms 3-D triangle shelf by the rectangular frame that two vertical vertical isoceles triangle framves are parallel with three transverse directions, described 3-D triangle shelf at least establishes three layers, upper strata and intermediate layer place and stack by tree bar and/or bamboo bar the dendrobium candidum plantation frame formed mutually, and lower floor is the shelf placing money lotus plantation pallet.
2. the device of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud according to claim 1 and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation, is characterized in that described 3-D triangle shelves high is 2 ~ 2.5 meters, and drift angle is 50 ~ 70 degree of angles.
3. the device of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud according to claim 1 and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation, is characterized in that described dendrobium candidum plantation frame (2) forms isosceles triangle stacked configuration by a mao bamboon bar and two tree bars or a tree bar and two tree bars.
4. the device of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud according to claim 1 and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation, is characterized in that described dendrobium candidum is planted the bamboo bar above frame (2) or set on bar and establishes level fertilising groove (4).
5. the device of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud according to claim 1 and dendrobium candidum interplanting cultivation, it is characterized in that described film booth (7) peripheral hardware sunshade net, surrounding establishes ventilating opening (9) and fly net, in film booth, spray nozzle (8) is established on the top of interplanting shelf, and in canopy, gardening ground cloth (10) is laid on ground.
6. the method for interplanting cultivation of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud and dendrobium candidum, its feature comprises the following steps:
1) plant in the context tree bar gap in described interplanting shelf upper strata and middle level after, seedlings of Dendrobium officinale solid carbon dioxide tongue matrix mud drum being wrapped up in root;
2), roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud kind seed is entered in the plantation pallet of shelf underlying band matrix;
3), the relative moisture controlled in film booth is 70 ~ 90%, and temperature controls at 18 ~ 25 DEG C, light transmittance 60 ~ 80%, intensity of illumination 3000 ~ 5000Lux, and is equipped with spray and ventilated facility;
4), ventilating opening establishes 20 ~ 40 order fly nets, employing biopesticide, insect-sticking plate and input natural enemy control during discovery damage by disease and insect;
5), with being located in film booth spray system timing to apply fertilizer water spray, making regular check on and recording and grow situation.
7. the method for interplanting cultivation of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud according to claim 6 and dendrobium candidum, it is characterized in that described seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is selected from non-hibernating eggs seedling, root, with after sphagna or liver moss matrix parcel, puts into the transverse direction tree bar gap that isosceles triangle stacks, push down with setting bar above, every clump of spacing 8 ~ 12cm.
8. the method for interplanting cultivation of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud according to claim 6 and dendrobium candidum, it is characterized in that described roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud planting tray matrix is peat and river sand, vermiculite or the perlite that pH value is less than 6, mix by 3:1 volume ratio, put into plantation pallet after squirting, roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud enters to place in the plantation pallet of interplanting shelf lower floor with spacing 3 ~ 5cm kind.
9. the method for interplanting cultivation of roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud according to claim 6 and dendrobium candidum, it is characterized in that described film booth winter temperature should control, more than 5 DEG C, to avoid less than 0 DEG C, summer temp should control below 30 DEG C, avoids long-term more than 35 DEG C.
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