CN111316866A - Passion fruit close-planting high-yield cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
Passion fruit close-planting high-yield cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316866A CN111316866A CN202010180693.2A CN202010180693A CN111316866A CN 111316866 A CN111316866 A CN 111316866A CN 202010180693 A CN202010180693 A CN 202010180693A CN 111316866 A CN111316866 A CN 111316866A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passion fruit close-planting high-yield cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacles, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: selecting land and preparing land; ditching and ridging; a column; a pull wire; separating ridge wheel seeds; planting passion fruit; installing drip irrigation; shaping and trimming; managing in a seedling stage; managing the flower and fruit period; pest control; harvesting; and (5) improving the soil of the empty bed. According to the invention, the passion fruit root region is limited by ditching and ridging, the ridging and rotation are carried out one year, tropical and subtropical fast-growing leguminous plants are interplanted in empty furrows to improve the soil, the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon of the passion fruit is reduced to the maximum extent, and the passion fruit cultivation method has the advantages of strong operability, time saving, labor saving and green ecology. In the passion fruit planting, single-row close planting is adopted, T-shaped pruning is adopted, ridge-separating and rotation planting can be carried out in the same land block, and the operation is simple. The invention can obviously reduce the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacle of the passion fruit, reduce the harm of fungal diseases such as stem base rot, epidemic disease and the like, and realize high-yield and high-quality cultivation of the passion fruit by close planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, relates to a passion fruit cultivation method, and particularly relates to a passion fruit close-planting high-yield cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacles.
Background
The passion fruit science, known as passion flower, is a tropical perennial evergreen vine fruit tree of the passion genus (Passiflora Linn.) of the family Passifloraceae, native to the southern America, the Pasteur to Argentina band and Australia. The fruit juice has fragrant smell, sweet and sour taste and pleasant color, is well-known as the king of fruit juice, is deeply favored by people and is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions. The passion fruit planting has the advantages of fast yield, good market benefit, and the passion fruit can be processed and eaten fresh, and the industry is developed rapidly in the nationwide area in recent years.
The passion fruit grows for many years, the root system is shallow, the root system range is enlarged year by year, and the obvious continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon is shown in production. According to research and study, the growth results of the passion fruit planted for years in the second and third years are gradually worsened, and the passion fruit is susceptible to stem basal rot and virus diseases. Continuous cropping in the land where the passion fruit is originally planted, even in the first year, the production result is far inferior to that of the passion fruit planted in a newly reclaimed land. At present, in order to pursue the high yield of the passion fruit, a grower usually adopts a close planting method, but neglects the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon of the passion fruit, particularly, a shed frame needs to be built for the cultivation of the passion fruit, the position of the shed frame is fixed, and the difficulty of planting the passion fruit in the subsequent cultivation is brought due to the lack of scientific rules.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passion fruit close planting high-yield cultivation method which is strong in operability, green and safe and overcomes continuous cropping obstacles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for densely planting and cultivating the passion fruits at high yield for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land and preparing land; (2) ditching and ridging; (3) a column; (4) a pull wire; (5) separating ridge wheel seeds; (6) planting passion fruit; (7) installing drip irrigation; (8) shaping and trimming; (9) managing in a seedling stage; (10) managing the flower and fruit period; (11) pest control; (12) harvesting; (13) improving the soil of the empty bed;
the ridge-separating wheel seeds are planted in a ridge when the crops are planted, and the ridge-separating planting is carried out; planting another ridge at the next crop, planting at intervals of ridges, and performing ridge-separating wheel planting on the same land;
the improvement of the soil in the empty ridge comprises the following steps:
a. cleaning the vines of the passion fruits, digging out roots and stems, taking the vines out of an orchard, and uniformly crushing to obtain crushed passion fruit plants;
b. carrying out rotary tillage on the ground, and planting tropical and subtropical fast-growing leguminous green manure plants;
c. cutting green manure plants three months before planting passion fruit in the changed bed to obtain crushed green manure plant fresh grass;
d. digging planting holes, pressing 10-20 kg of passion fruit plant crushed materials and 10-20 kg of green manure plant fresh grass crushed materials in each hole, applying pig manure or sheep manure, rice bran, biological bacterial manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and hydrated lime according to the weight ratio of 10: 5: 1: 0.25: 0.2: and (3) mixing and composting by the weight ratio of 0.2, stacking and pressing a layer of mixed fertilizer and a layer of garden soil layer by layer, wherein the soil pile is 30-40 cm higher than the ground.
Preferably, the method for close planting and high-yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting flat land or gentle slope land with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage, and soil loam or sandy loam, wherein the soil layer is required to be deep, fertile, loose and breathable, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; removing weeds and impurities on the ground, deeply turning the whole garden by 40-50 cm, applying an organic fertilizer, dolomite powder or a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, rotary tillage and mixing soil and fertilizer uniformly, and raking the ground;
(2) ditching and ridging: dividing a land block into a plurality of independent ridges in a deep groove digging mode; aiming at preventing the root system of the passion fruit from extending all around to cause the pollution of the site toxin;
(3) selecting hot-galvanized pipes or cement columns, wherein the length of each column is 2.4-2.7 meters, the columns are inserted into the ground for 0.6 meter, the height of the ground is 1.8-2.1, the shed columns stand in the center of the ridge, the columns are arranged at intervals of the ridge columns, the column spacing is 3.2-4 m, × 3.2.2-4 m, and 55-80 columns per mu are arranged;
(4) hot galvanized iron wires or aluminum-clad steel wires are adopted, each shed span is provided with 4 transverse wires and 3 longitudinal wires, and grids with the specification of 0.8-1.0 m × 1.1.1-1.3 m are formed;
(5) and (3) ridge-separating wheel planting: when the stubble is planted in one ridge, planting in the ridge; planting another ridge at the next crop, planting at intervals of ridges, and performing ridge-separating rotation planting on the same land block to reduce continuous cropping harm;
(6) planting passion fruit, namely selecting healthy and nontoxic grafted seedlings, planting the seedlings with the row spacing of 0.8-1.0 m × 3.2.2-4 m and planting 167-260 seedlings per mu, wherein the planting depth is preferably that the root necks are flush with the ground, covering soil and compacting, and timely watering sufficient root fixing water;
(7) installing drip irrigation;
(8) shaping and trimming: when the height of the passion fruit seedlings is 35-50 cm, inserting thin bamboo rods or binding ropes to guide the main vines to be put on a shelf, and cleaning the lateral vines; when the main vines extend to be level with the stands, pinching and topping are carried out, the main vines are shaped like a T, two first-stage lateral vines are selected and reserved, and the main vines extend along the left direction and the right direction respectively;
(9) seedling stage management: spraying a passion fruit root disk with 1500-2000 times of 48% chlorpyrifos solution and 800-1000 times of thiophanate methyl 3-4 days after the passion fruit field planting is finished; before 15 days after planting, drip irrigation and watering are carried out to keep the soil moist, and the humidity is preferably 60-70%; after 15 days, the seedlings start to root through the seedling recovering period, and the root is obtained by mixing 0.3-0.5% of urea aqueous solution, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and an organic liquid fertilizer containing amino acid according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1 volume ratio, preparing a water-soluble fertilizer with the EC value not higher than 4mS/cm, adopting water and fertilizer integrated irrigation, and applying the water and fertilizer once within 10-15 days;
(10) managing the flower and fruit period: controlling the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer before flowering, and spraying 2000-2500 times of brassinolide and 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate from leaf surfaces to promote flower bud differentiation; in the flowering period, 12-5-35 of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is carried out, the TE water-soluble fertilizer and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are 600-800 times of liquid, and sugar alcohol calcium 1000 times of liquid and 0.1-0.3% of borax liquid fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the flower quality and the pollen activity are improved; applying biological organic liquid fertilizer, medium and trace element water soluble fertilizer and macroelement balanced fertilizer in the fruit period; the fertilization frequency is 7-10 d for one time;
(11) pest control;
(12) harvesting: harvesting the fruit surfaces before fruit dropping in the period from 2/4-3/4 color conversion to complete color conversion;
(13) improving the soil of the empty bed:
a. cleaning the vines of the passion fruits, digging out roots and stems, taking the vines out of an orchard, and uniformly crushing to obtain crushed passion fruit plants;
b. carrying out rotary tillage on the ground, and planting tropical and subtropical fast-growing leguminous green manure plants;
c. cutting green manure plants three months before planting passion fruit in the changed bed to obtain crushed green manure plant fresh grass;
d. digging planting holes, pressing 10-20 kg of passion fruit plant crushed materials and 10-20 kg of green manure plant fresh grass crushed materials in each hole, applying pig manure or sheep manure, rice bran, biological bacterial manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and hydrated lime according to the weight ratio of 10: 5: 1: 0.25: 0.2: and (3) mixing and composting by the weight ratio of 0.2, stacking and pressing a layer of mixed fertilizer and a layer of garden soil layer by layer, wherein the soil pile is 30-40 cm higher than the ground.
Preferably, in the step (1), the geographical environment is sunny, the illumination is sufficient, the annual average temperature is more than 20 ℃, the lowest temperature is more than 0 ℃, and no frost exists all the year round.
Preferably, in the step (1), 1000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer, 50-100 kg of dolomite powder or 15-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu.
Preferably, in the step (2), the depth of the furrow is 40-60 cm, the width of the furrow is 30-50 cm, the width of the furrow surface is 1.3-1.5 m, the furrow is communicated with the drainage ditch, and the depth of the furrow is higher than that of the drainage ditch, so that water can be drained conveniently.
Preferably, in the step (3), the hot-dip galvanized pipe has the diameter of 6.5cm and the thickness of 3mm, the concrete column inclined strut with the angle of 45 degrees is applied to the periphery of the shed frame with the section specification of 10cm × 10 cm. of the concrete column, the shed net wire is fixed by hanging and pulling the concrete underground, and the concrete underground is buried by 1 m.
Preferably, the green manure plant is sesbania, Indian cowpea or Cassia tora.
Preferably, in the step (7), a 16mm internal patch type drip irrigation tape is adopted for pouring the passion fruit, the distance between drippers is 25-50 mm, and the flow rate of the drippers is 2-3L/h; two drip irrigation belts are arranged on each row of passion fruit and are respectively arranged on the two sides of the row and gradually move outwards along with the expansion of the root system.
Preferably, in the step (7), the water irrigation amount of each passion fruit plant is 50-60L/time, so that excessive water irrigation at one time is avoided, and the soil humidity is prevented from being too high.
Preferably, in the step (8), old leaves, shadow leaves and excessive leaves are removed in the late development stage of the fruit during pruning, ventilation and light transmission are kept, and the coloring of the fruit is improved.
Preferably, in the step (8), pinching and topping are carried out when the first-stage lateral vines grow to 1.5-1.8 m, and the second-stage lateral vines are naturally and vertically used as fruiting vines; and (4) pinching and topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 30cm above the ground, and simultaneously cutting off the redundant second-stage lateral vines which do not result, promoting the growth of the third-stage lateral vines in time and keeping ventilation and light transmission.
Preferably, the passion fruit planting bed is covered with grass-prevention cloth or is used for artificial grass cutting, and the green manure plants are planted in the empty bed to grow grass and prevent grass.
Preferably, in the step (11), the passion fruit anthracnose is controlled by using 900 times of 25% benomyl missible oil or 800-1000 times of 50% hymexazol or 50% carbofomes wettable powder; the gray mold is prevented and controlled by 1500 times of 50 percent of iprodione 1000-fold liquid or 1000 times of 40 percent of procymidone wettable powder; 800 times of hymexazol or metalaxyl-M + 30% thiamethoxam or chlorpyrifos for preventing stem base rot and underground pests; the stem base rot is treated by cutting the tissues of the diseased part and smearing a quinoline copper preparation for binding; aphids are prevented and controlled by 1000-fold liquid of 3 percent acetamiprid or 1500-fold liquid of 70 percent imidacloprid; thiamethoxam, spinetoram or beta-cypermethrin are used for controlling thrips and scale insects; the disease is prevented and treated by 1000-fold liquid of difenoconazole, 2000-fold liquid of propineb, 600-fold liquid of propineb or dimethomorph; the citrus fruit fly is trapped and killed by hanging a yellow board spraying sex attractant or a fly catching device in the orchard.
Although the passion fruit is a perennial fruit tree, diseases such as continuous cropping obstacles and virus diseases are aggravated when the passion fruit is produced and planted for two years or more, and the yield and the quality are reduced. The invention implements a one-year-one planting system, and further alleviates the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the deep ditch is dug to divide the bed, which is beneficial to drainage and can block the root system of the passion fruit, so that the phenomenon that the root system extends to another bed to generate continuous cropping obstacles such as self-toxicity and the like on the next batch of passion fruit is avoided.
(2) According to the method, deep ditches are dug for dividing beds, the effect of root limiting cultivation is achieved, the passion fruit root system is limited in a certain soil range, fertilizer is applied intensively, the effect of water and fertilizer is improved, and waste is reduced.
(3) According to the invention, the continuous cropping obstacle of the passion fruit is effectively avoided in the same land by the aid of the ridge-dividing rotation, and dependence of deep ploughing on large and medium tractors every year is avoided.
(4) In the invention, green manure plants are interplanted in the hollow bed, so that the weeding area of an orchard is reduced, the land is fertilized, and the rotation obstacle is further reduced.
(5) Through repeated screening experiments, the green manure plants of sesbania, Indian cowpea or cassia tora are finally screened for soil improvement, the method is more suitable for improving the soil for tropical planting, the incidence rate of the stem rot and the epidemic disease of the passion fruit in the improved soil is reduced, and the high yield and the high quality of the passion fruit are promoted.
(6) In the invention, the green manure is dug in situ, pressed and piled to kill harmful bacteria in soil and further reduce the obstacle of rotation. The passion fruit can be directly planted after stacking and retting, and the rings are buckled with each other, so that labor and force are saved.
(7) The invention has the advantages of single-row close planting, T-shaped pruning, natural drooping of the resultant branches, simple pruning operation, labor saving and labor saving, and convenient management. 167-260 plants are planted per mu, and the close planting high yield is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high-yield close-planting passion fruit planting pattern diagram for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a high-yield close planting mode diagram of passion fruit in the next year of 'furrow changing and rotation' of the invention;
wherein: 1. a column; 2. passion fruit seedlings; 3. furrow making; 4. a longitudinal film supporting line; 5. green manure plants; 6. and (4) transverse film supporting lines.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention discloses a passion fruit close planting high-yield cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a paddy field with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage, soil loam, deep soil layer, rich fertilizer, crisp and breathable property and pH value of 5.7.
(2) Land preparation: removing weeds and impurities on the ground, deeply turning over the whole garden by 42cm, applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer and 20kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer per mu, rotary tillage, uniformly mixing soil and fertilizer, and raking the ground.
(3) Ditching and ridging: digging a ditch with the depth of 50cm and the width of 35cm in the prepared paddy field land to prepare a furrow with the surface width of 1.3 m.
(4) The upright posts are DN65 hot dip galvanized pipes with the post length of 2.6 meters, the upright posts are inserted into the ground with the height of 0.6 meter and the ground height of 2.0 meters, the shed posts are erected in the center of the ridge, the upright posts are arranged at intervals of the ridge, as shown in figure 1, the post distance is 3.3m, × 3.3.3 m, and 60 upright posts are arranged per mu.
(5) And (3) drawing the wires, namely adopting hot-dip galvanized iron wires with the diameter of about 0.2mm, and forming a grid with the specification of 0.8m × 1.1m by 4 transverse wires and 3 longitudinal wires per shed span.
(6) And (3) field planting of passion fruit, namely selecting a healthy and nontoxic passion fruit grafted seedling, wherein the height of the grafted seedling is about 35cm, removing a plastic seedling cup during planting, keeping the planting depth to be flush with the ground by using a root neck, covering soil and compacting, watering sufficient root fixing water, planting the passion fruit seedling in the center of a ridge, planting at intervals, planting with a row spacing of 0.8 × 3.3.3 m and 264 seedlings per mu, and changing the ridge for planting in the next year.
(7) Installing drip irrigation: the passion fruit irrigation adopts a 16mm internal patch type drip irrigation tape, the distance between drippers is 30mm, and the flow rate of the drippers is 2L/h. Two drip irrigation belts are arranged on each row of passion fruit and are respectively arranged on the two sides of the row and gradually move outwards along with the expansion of the root system.
(8) Shaping and trimming: when the height of the passion fruit seedlings is 40cm, thin bamboo rods or binding ropes are inserted to guide the main vines to be put on a shelf, and meanwhile, the side vines are cleaned. When the main vine extends to be level with the frame, pinching and topping are carried out, the T-shaped shaping is carried out, two first-stage lateral vines are selected and reserved, and the two first-stage lateral vines extend along the left direction and the right direction respectively. When the first-stage lateral vines grow to 1.5m, pinching and topping are carried out, and the second-stage lateral vines are naturally and vertically used as fruiting vines. And (4) pinching and topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 30cm above the ground, and simultaneously cutting off the redundant second-stage lateral vines which do not result, promoting the growth of the third-stage lateral vines in time and keeping ventilation and light transmission.
(9) Seedling stage management: and 3d after the passion fruit field planting is finished, spraying the passion fruit root disk with 48% chlorpyrifos 2000 times liquid and 1000 times thiophanate methyl to prevent the biting of underground pests and sterilize the soil. And before 15 days after planting, the soil is kept moist by drip irrigation and watering, and the humidity is preferably 60-70%. After 15 days, the seedlings start to root through the seedling recovering period, and the mixture is treated by using 0.5 percent of urea aqueous solution, a macroelement water soluble fertilizer and an organic liquid fertilizer containing amino acid according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1 volume ratio, preparing the water-soluble fertilizer with EC value not higher than 4mS/cm, and irrigating the water-soluble fertilizer integrally, and applying the water-soluble fertilizer once in 10 days.
(10) Managing the flower and fruit period: before flowering, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to prevent branches and tendrils from overgrowing, and 2500 times of solution of brassinolide and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate are sprayed from leaf surfaces to promote flower bud differentiation. In the flowering period, 12-5-35 of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is carried out, the TE water-soluble fertilizer and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are 800 times of liquid, and sugar alcohol calcium 1000 times of liquid and 0.2% borax liquid fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the flower quality and the pollen activity are improved. And additionally applying a biological organic liquid fertilizer, a medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer and a macroelement balanced fertilizer in the fruit period. The fertilization frequency is 10 days.
(11) And (3) pest control: 900 times of 25% benomyl missible oil, 800-1000 times of 50% hymexazol or 50% carbofomes wettable powder is used for preventing and treating the anthracnose of the passion fruit; the gray mold is prevented and controlled by 1500 times of 50 percent of iprodione 1000-fold liquid or 1000 times of 40 percent of procymidone wettable powder; 800 times of hymexazol or metalaxyl-M + 30% thiamethoxam or chlorpyrifos for preventing stem base rot and underground pests; the stem base rot is treated by cutting the tissues of the diseased part and coating copper preparations such as oxine-copper and the like for wrapping; aphids can be controlled by 1000-fold liquid of 3 percent acetamiprid or 1500-fold liquid of 70 percent imidacloprid; the thrips and scale insect can be prevented and treated by thiamethoxam, spinetoram or beta-cypermethrin. The disease is prevented and treated by 1000-fold liquid of difenoconazole, 2000-fold liquid of propineb, 600-fold liquid of propineb or dimethomorph; the citrus fruit fly is trapped and killed by hanging a yellow board spraying sex attractant or a fly catching device in the orchard.
(12) Harvesting: the fruit surface is collected before dropping during the period from about 3/4 color conversion to complete color conversion.
(13) Improving the soil of the empty bed:
firstly, clearing vine vines of the original passion fruit, digging roots and stems, taking the vine vines out of an orchard and uniformly crushing the vine vines and stems to obtain crushed passion fruit plants, secondly, carrying out rotary tillage on the ground, planting fast-growing leguminous green manure plants, namely sesbania, thirdly, cutting the green manure plants three months before the passion fruit is planted in the ridge, obtaining the crushed green manure plants, digging planting holes with the width of 60cm × 60 × 50cm, pressing 20kg of the crushed passion fruit plants and 20kg of the crushed fresh grass, applying sheep manure, rice bran, biological bacterial manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and hydrated lime in a weight ratio of 10: 5: 1: 0.25: 0.2: 0.2, mixing the crushed passion fruit plants and the crushed fresh grass in each hole, stacking the mixed fertilizers layer by layer, stacking soil in layers, and stacking the soil with the height of 40 cm.
Example 2
The invention discloses a passion fruit close planting high-yield cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: the dry sloping field with the terrain gradient of 3 degrees and convenient irrigation and drainage, the soil red loam, the deep soil layer, the rich soil, the loose soil and the ventilation are selected, and the PH value is 5.5.
(2) Land preparation: removing weeds and impurities on the ground, deeply turning the whole garden by 50cm, applying 2000kg of organic fertilizer and 40kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer per mu, rotary tillage, uniformly mixing soil and fertilizer, and raking the ground.
(3) Ditching and ridging: and digging a ditch with the depth of 40cm and the width of 30cm in the finished sloping field to form a furrow with the surface width of 1.5 m.
(4) The upright columns are cement columns with the cross section of 10cm × 10cm, the length of the columns is 2.4 meters, the columns are inserted into the ground for 0.6 meter, the height of the ground is 1.8m, the shed columns are erected in the center of the ridge, the upright columns are arranged at intervals of the ridge, as shown in figure 1, the column distance is 4m × 3.6.6 m, and 55 upright columns are arranged per mu.
(5) And (3) drawing the wires, namely adopting aluminum-clad steel wires with the diameter of about 0.2mm, and forming grids with the specification of 1.0m × 1.2m by adopting 4 transverse wires and 3 longitudinal wires per shed span.
(6) And (3) field planting of passion fruit, namely selecting a healthy and nontoxic passion fruit grafted seedling, wherein the height of the grafted seedling is about 35cm, removing a plastic seedling cup during planting, keeping the planting depth to be flush with the ground by using a root neck, covering soil and compacting, watering sufficient root fixing water, planting the passion fruit seedling in the center of a ridge, planting at intervals of the ridge, planting at a row spacing of 1.0 × 3.6.6 m, planting 185 seedlings per mu, and changing the ridge for planting in the next year.
(7) Installing drip irrigation: the passion fruit is irrigated by adopting a 16mm internal patch type drip irrigation tape, the distance between drippers is 50mm, and the flow rate of the drippers is 3L/h. Two drip irrigation belts are arranged on each row of passion fruit and are respectively arranged on the two sides of the row and gradually move outwards along with the expansion of the root system.
(8) Shaping and trimming: when the height of the passion fruit seedlings is 40cm, thin bamboo rods or binding ropes are inserted to guide the main vines to be put on a shelf, and meanwhile, the side vines are cleaned. When the main vine extends to be level with the frame, pinching and topping are carried out, the T-shaped shaping is carried out, two first-stage lateral vines are selected and reserved, and the two first-stage lateral vines extend along the left direction and the right direction respectively. When the first-stage lateral vines grow to 1.65m, pinching and topping are carried out, and the second-stage lateral vines are naturally and vertically used as fruiting vines. And (4) pinching and topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 30cm above the ground, and simultaneously cutting off the redundant second-stage lateral vines which do not result, promoting the growth of the third-stage lateral vines in time and keeping ventilation and light transmission.
(9) Seedling stage management: and 3d after the passion fruit field planting is finished, spraying the passion fruit root disk with 48% chlorpyrifos 2000 times liquid and 1000 times thiophanate methyl to prevent the biting of underground pests and sterilize the soil. And before 15 days after planting, the soil is kept moist by drip irrigation and watering, and the humidity is preferably 60-70%. After 15 days, the seedlings start to root through the seedling recovering period, and the mixture is treated by using 0.5 percent of urea aqueous solution, a macroelement water soluble fertilizer and an organic liquid fertilizer containing amino acid according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1 volume ratio, preparing the water-soluble fertilizer with EC value not higher than 4mS/cm, and irrigating the water-soluble fertilizer integrally, and applying the water-soluble fertilizer once after 7 days.
(10) Managing the flower and fruit period: before flowering, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is controlled to prevent branches and tendrils from overgrowing, and brassinolide 2000-fold liquid and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate are sprayed from leaf surfaces to promote flower bud differentiation. In the flowering period, 12-5-35 of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is carried out, the TE water-soluble fertilizer and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are 800 times of liquid, and sugar alcohol calcium 1000 times of liquid and 0.1% borax liquid fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the flower quality and the pollen activity are improved. And additionally applying a biological organic liquid fertilizer, a medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer and a macroelement balanced fertilizer in the fruit period. The fertilization frequency is 10 days.
(11) And (3) pest control: 900 times of 25% benomyl missible oil, 800-1000 times of 50% hymexazol or 50% carbofomes wettable powder is used for preventing and treating the anthracnose of the passion fruit; the gray mold is prevented and controlled by 1500 times of 50 percent of iprodione 1000-fold liquid or 1000 times of 40 percent of procymidone wettable powder; 800 times of hymexazol or metalaxyl-M + 30% thiamethoxam or chlorpyrifos for preventing stem base rot and underground pests; the stem base rot is treated by cutting the tissues of the diseased part and coating copper preparations such as oxine-copper and the like for wrapping; aphids can be controlled by 1000-fold liquid of 3 percent acetamiprid or 1500-fold liquid of 70 percent imidacloprid; the thrips and scale insect can be prevented and treated by thiamethoxam, spinetoram or beta-cypermethrin. The disease is prevented and treated by 1000-fold liquid of difenoconazole, 2000-fold liquid of propineb, 600-fold liquid of propineb or dimethomorph; the citrus fruit fly is trapped and killed by hanging a yellow board spraying sex attractant or a fly catching device in the orchard.
(12) Harvesting: the fruit surface is collected before dropping during the period from about 3/4 color conversion to complete color conversion.
(13) Improving the soil of the empty bed:
firstly, clearing vine vines of the original passion fruit, digging roots and stems, taking the passion fruit out of an orchard, uniformly crushing to obtain passion fruit plant crushed substances, secondly, carrying out rotary tillage on the ground, planting tropical and subtropical fast-growing leguminous green manure plants, namely Indian cowpea, and thirdly, cutting the green manure plants three months before the passion fruit is planted in the ridge, obtaining green manure plant crushed substances, digging planting holes with the length and the width of 60cm × 60 × 50cm, pressing 15kg of passion fruit plant crushed substances and 20kg of fresh grass in each hole, applying pig manure, rice bran, biological bacterial manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and hydrated lime, mixing and stacking according to a weight ratio of 10: 5: 1: 0.25: 0.2: 0.2, stacking the mixed fertilizer in a layer by layer, and stacking the ground with the height of 30 cm.
Example 3
The invention discloses a passion fruit close planting high-yield cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting dry land with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage, sandy loam, deep soil layer, fertile, loose and breathable soil, and the pH value is 6.1.
(2) Land preparation: removing weeds and impurities on the ground, deeply turning the whole garden by 45cm, applying 3000kg of organic fertilizer and 30kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer per mu, rotary tillage, uniformly mixing soil fertilizer, and raking the ground.
(3) Ditching and ridging: and digging a ditch with the depth of 60cm and the width of 50cm in the finished land block to prepare a furrow with the surface width of 1.35 m.
(4) The upright columns are made of × 8cm cement columns with the cross section of 10cm, the length of each column is 2.5 meters, the columns are inserted into the ground for 0.6 meter, the height of the ground is 1.9m, the shed columns are erected in the center of the ridge, the upright columns are arranged at intervals of the ridge, as shown in figure 1, the column distance is 3.3m, × 3.7.7 m, and 55 upright columns are arranged per mu.
(5) And (3) drawing the wires, namely adopting aluminum-clad steel wires with the diameter of about 0.2mm, and forming grids with the specification of 0.8m × 1.23m by adopting 4 transverse wires and 3 longitudinal wires per shed span.
(6) And (3) field planting of passion fruit, namely selecting a healthy and nontoxic passion fruit grafted seedling, wherein the height of the grafted seedling is about 40cm, removing a plastic seedling cup during planting, keeping the planting depth to be flush with the ground by using a root neck, covering soil and compacting, watering sufficient root fixing water, planting the passion fruit seedling in the center of a ridge, planting at intervals of the ridge, planting with the row spacing of 0.8 × 3.7.7 m and 225 seedlings per mu, and changing the ridge for planting in the next year.
(7) Installing drip irrigation: the passion fruit is irrigated by adopting a 16mm internal patch type drip irrigation tape, the distance between drippers is 25mm, and the flow rate of the drippers is 3L/h. Two drip irrigation belts are arranged on each row of passion fruit and are respectively arranged on the two sides of the row and gradually move outwards along with the expansion of the root system.
(8) Shaping and trimming: after planting, thin bamboo rods or binding ropes are inserted to lead the main vines to be put on a shelf, and meanwhile, the side vines are cleaned. When the main vine extends to be level with the frame, pinching and topping are carried out, the T-shaped shaping is carried out, two first-stage lateral vines are selected and reserved, and the two first-stage lateral vines extend along the left direction and the right direction respectively. When the first-stage lateral vines grow to 1.7m, pinching and topping are carried out, and the second-stage lateral vines are naturally and vertically used as fruiting vines. And (4) pinching and topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 30cm above the ground, and simultaneously cutting off the redundant second-stage lateral vines which do not result, promoting the growth of the third-stage lateral vines in time and keeping ventilation and light transmission.
(9) Seedling stage management: 4d after the passion fruit field planting is finished, spraying the passion fruit root disk with 48% chlorpyrifos 2000 times liquid and 1000 times thiophanate methyl to prevent the biting of underground pests and sterilize the soil. And before 15 days after planting, the soil is kept moist by drip irrigation and watering, and the humidity is preferably 60-70%. After 15 days, the seedlings start to root through the seedling recovering period, and the mixture is treated by using 0.5 percent of urea aqueous solution, a macroelement water soluble fertilizer and an organic liquid fertilizer containing amino acid according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1 proportion, preparing the water-soluble fertilizer with EC value not higher than 4mS/cm, and irrigating the water-soluble fertilizer and the water-soluble fertilizer integrally, and applying the water-soluble fertilizer once in 10 days.
(10) Managing the flower and fruit period: before flowering, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to prevent branches and tendrils from overgrowing, and 2500 times of solution of brassinolide and 0.2% monopotassium phosphate are sprayed from leaf surfaces to promote flower bud differentiation. In the flowering period, 12-5-35 of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is carried out, the TE water-soluble fertilizer and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are 800 times of liquid, and sugar alcohol calcium 1000 times of liquid and 0.2% borax liquid fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the flower quality and the pollen activity are improved. And additionally applying a biological organic liquid fertilizer, a medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer and a macroelement balanced fertilizer in the fruit period. The fertilization frequency is 10d for each time.
(11) And (3) pest control: 900 times of 25% benomyl missible oil, 800-1000 times of 50% hymexazol or 50% carbofomes wettable powder is used for preventing and treating the anthracnose of the passion fruit; the gray mold is prevented and controlled by 1500 times of 50 percent of iprodione 1000-fold liquid or 1000 times of 40 percent of procymidone wettable powder; 800 times of hymexazol or metalaxyl-M + 30% thiamethoxam or chlorpyrifos for preventing stem base rot and underground pests; the stem base rot is treated by cutting the tissues of the diseased part and coating copper preparations such as oxine-copper and the like for wrapping; aphids can be controlled by 1000-fold liquid of 3 percent acetamiprid or 1500-fold liquid of 70 percent imidacloprid; the thrips and scale insect can be prevented and treated by thiamethoxam, spinetoram or beta-cypermethrin. The disease is prevented and treated by 1000-fold liquid of difenoconazole, 2000-fold liquid of propineb, 600-fold liquid of propineb or dimethomorph; the citrus fruit fly is trapped and killed by hanging a yellow board spraying sex attractant or a fly catching device in the orchard.
(12) Harvesting: the fruit surface is collected before dropping during the period from about 3/4 color conversion to complete color conversion.
(13) Improving the soil of the empty bed:
firstly, clearing vine vines of the original passion fruit, digging roots and stems, taking the vine vines out of an orchard and uniformly crushing the vine vines and stems to obtain crushed passion fruit plants, secondly, carrying out rotary tillage on the ground, planting a fast-growing leguminous green manure plant, namely cassia occidentalis, thirdly, cutting the green manure plant three months before the passion fruit is planted in the ridge, obtaining the crushed green manure plant fresh grass, digging a planting hole with the length and the width of 60cm × 60 × 50cm, pressing 10kg of the crushed passion fruit plant crushed grass in each hole, 15kg of the crushed grass, applying sheep manure, rice bran, biological bacterial manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and hydrated lime in a weight ratio of 10: 5: 1: 0.25: 0.2: 0.2, mixing and stacking the mixed fertilizer into a layer by layer, and stacking the soil 35cm higher than the ground.
Comparative example 1: the traditional passion fruit cultivation method is adopted:
1. planting
(1) Distance of planting. The passion fruit is a vine fruit tree, so the passion fruit is cultivated in a shed frame, when branches and tendrils of the passion fruit begin to extend, the shed frame is just started, the row spacing is basically 3.5 meters, the plant spacing is most suitable at 3.5-4 meters, and about 75 plants are planted per mu. When the single-line hedgerow type cultivation is adopted, the row spacing is between 1.7 and 1.9 meters, the plant spacing is between 3.5 and 4.5 meters, and about 100 plants are planted per mu.
(2) A method of planting. According to the original preset planting row spacing and plant spacing, digging 65 cm in width, digging 20-35 cm in depth, making planting furrows, then putting mixed soil and miscellaneous fertilizers or composts in advance, simultaneously using 0.3 kg of phosphorus and 0.2-0.3 kg of compound fertilizers for each vine, then lifting the piers to plant the vines, observing after the plants are planted and survive, timely removing the grown axillary buds, only needing to leave the top buds on the main vines, binding the vines on the columns, and helping the plants to climb along the trellis to grow.
2. And (5) building a shed frame. In the period of cultivation of the passion fruit, a shed frame must be built, so that management and final picking are facilitated, mainly the horizontal shed frame and the single-line fence type frame are mainly used, the height of a column of the single-line fence type frame is about 2.5 meters, the passion fruit is erected between the column and the column, the distance from the passion fruit to the ground is about 35 centimeters, and two lines are pulled on each column.
3. Pruning and trimming. After the passion fruit is planted in a fixed mode, a support column needs to be inserted in the seedling stage, and the purpose that a main vine is guided to climb onto a shed frame is achieved. When the main vine grows to one meter, the top buds are cut off to promote the main vine to grow out the lateral vines, then only the other lateral vine is left on each side to grow towards two sides, when the lateral vines grow to two meters, the top buds of the lateral vines are cut off to promote the main vine to grow out the lateral vines again. When the horizontal shed frame is used for cultivation, when the main vines reach the shed frame, the main vines grow to the periphery after the main vines are left, the passion fruit does not need to be cut strongly, transition trimming is not needed, otherwise the main vines are easy to wither, and the passion fruit slowly grows to die. Normally, after picking, the side vines are cut short, 3 to 4 nodes are left, and the new side vines are promoted. The excessive dense branches and the branches dropping to the ground are cut off, and the ventilation and lighting of the plants can be enhanced after the thinning and cutting.
4. And (6) fertilizing. When the passion fruit is fertilized, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally 2: 1: 4, nitrogen fertilizer is not applied to the plant, and if the plant grows fast, two Aiduoshou sprays are started 7 days after planting, every seven days, and one small bag of water is 61 kg. Within 15 days after flowering, the fertilizer needs to be increased to help the fruits grow bigger.
Comparative example 2: the method for cultivating passion fruit of comparative example 2 is the same as the method of the present invention except that the soil improvement step is not performed.
Comparative example 3: the passion fruit cultivation method of comparative example 3 was consistent with the present invention except that other green manure plants were used in the soil improvement step.
By comparing the passion fruit cultivation method with the passion fruit cultivation methods of the comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, the comparison data of the following tables 1 and 2 are obtained, and the comparison of the table data can obviously show that the average annual yield of the passion fruit of the three examples of the invention is 2481kg, the annual yield of the passion fruit is 1165kg, and the seedling survival rate, the fruit setting rate and the fruit quality are all superior to those of the comparative example 1. Through repeated screening experiments, the green manure plants of sesbania, Indian cowpea or cassia tora are finally screened for soil improvement, the method is more suitable for improving the soil for tropical planting, the incidence rate of the stem rot and the epidemic disease of the passion fruit in the improved soil is reduced, and the high yield and the high quality of the passion fruit are promoted. Therefore, the cultivation method of the present invention is superior to comparative examples 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A passion fruit close planting high-yield cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting land and preparing land; (2) ditching and ridging; (3) a column; (4) a pull wire; (5) separating ridge wheel seeds; (6) planting passion fruit; (7) installing drip irrigation; (8) shaping and trimming; (9) managing in a seedling stage; (10) managing the flower and fruit period; (11) pest control; (12) harvesting; (13) improving the soil of the empty bed;
the ridge-separating wheel seeds are planted in a ridge when the crops are planted, and the ridge-separating planting is carried out; planting another ridge at the next crop, planting at intervals of ridges, and performing ridge-separating wheel planting on the same land;
the improvement of the soil in the empty ridge comprises the following steps:
a. cleaning the vines of the passion fruits, digging out roots and stems, taking the vines out of an orchard, and uniformly crushing to obtain crushed passion fruit plants;
b. carrying out rotary tillage on the ground, and planting tropical and subtropical fast-growing leguminous green manure plants;
c. cutting green manure plants three months before planting passion fruit in the changed bed to obtain crushed green manure plant fresh grass;
d. digging planting holes, pressing 10-20 kg of passion fruit plant crushed materials and 10-20 kg of green manure plant fresh grass crushed materials in each hole, applying pig manure or sheep manure, rice bran, biological bacterial manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and hydrated lime according to the weight ratio of 10: 5: 1: 0.25: 0.2: and (3) mixing and composting by the weight ratio of 0.2, stacking and pressing a layer of mixed fertilizer and a layer of garden soil layer by layer, wherein the soil pile is 30-40 cm higher than the ground.
2. The method for close-planting high-yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting flat land or gentle slope land with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage, and soil loam or sandy loam, wherein the soil layer is required to be deep, fertile, loose and breathable, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; removing weeds and impurities on the ground, deeply turning the whole garden by 40-50 cm, applying an organic fertilizer, dolomite powder or a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, rotary tillage and mixing soil and fertilizer uniformly, and raking the ground;
(2) ditching and ridging: dividing a land block into a plurality of independent ridges in a deep groove digging mode;
(3) column: selecting hot galvanized pipes or cement columns, erecting a shed column in the center of a ridge, and separating ridge columns, wherein 55-80 columns are arranged per mu;
(4) hot galvanized iron wires or aluminum-clad steel wires are adopted, each shed span is provided with 4 transverse wires and 3 longitudinal wires, and grids with the specification of 0.8-1.0 m × 1.1.1-1.3 m are formed;
(5) and (3) ridge-separating wheel planting: when the stubble is planted in one ridge, planting in the ridge; planting another ridge at the next crop, planting at intervals of ridges, and performing ridge-separating wheel planting on the same land;
(6) planting passion fruit, namely selecting healthy and nontoxic grafted seedlings, planting the seedlings with the row spacing of 0.8-1.0 m × 3.2.2-4 m and planting 167-260 seedlings per mu, wherein the planting depth is preferably that the root necks are flush with the ground, covering soil and compacting, and timely watering sufficient root fixing water;
(7) installing drip irrigation;
(8) shaping and trimming: when the height of the passion fruit seedlings is 35-50 cm, inserting thin bamboo rods or binding ropes to guide the main vines to be put on a shelf, and cleaning the lateral vines; when the main vines extend to be level with the stands, pinching and topping are carried out, the main vines are shaped like a T, two first-stage lateral vines are selected and reserved, and the main vines extend along the left direction and the right direction respectively;
(9) seedling stage management: spraying a passion fruit root disk with 1500-2000 times of 48% chlorpyrifos solution and 800-1000 times of thiophanate methyl 3-4 days after the passion fruit field planting is finished; before 15 days after planting, drip irrigation and watering are carried out to keep the soil moist, and the humidity is preferably 60-70%; after 15 days, the seedlings start to root through the seedling recovering period, and the root is obtained by mixing 0.3-0.5% of urea aqueous solution, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and an organic liquid fertilizer containing amino acid according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1 volume ratio, preparing a water-soluble fertilizer with the EC value not higher than 4mS/cm, adopting water and fertilizer integrated irrigation, and applying the water and fertilizer once within 10-15 days;
(10) managing the flower and fruit period: controlling the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer before flowering, and spraying 2000-2500 times of brassinolide and 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate from leaf surfaces to promote flower bud differentiation; in the flowering period, 12-5-35 of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation is carried out, the TE water-soluble fertilizer and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are 600-800 times of liquid, and sugar alcohol calcium 1000 times of liquid and 0.1-0.3% of borax liquid fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the flower quality and the pollen activity are improved; applying biological organic liquid fertilizer, medium and trace element water soluble fertilizer and macroelement balanced fertilizer in the fruit period; the fertilization frequency is 7-10 d for one time;
(11) pest control;
(12) harvesting: harvesting the fruit surfaces before fruit dropping in the period from 2/4-3/4 color conversion to complete color conversion;
(13) improving the soil of the empty bed:
a. cleaning the vines of the passion fruits, digging out roots and stems, taking the vines out of an orchard, and uniformly crushing to obtain crushed passion fruit plants;
b. carrying out rotary tillage on the ground, and planting tropical and subtropical fast-growing leguminous green manure plants;
c. cutting green manure plants three months before planting passion fruit in the changed bed to obtain crushed green manure plant fresh grass;
d. digging planting holes, pressing 10-20 kg of passion fruit plant crushed materials and 10-20 kg of green manure plant fresh grass crushed materials in each hole, applying pig manure or sheep manure, rice bran, biological bacterial manure, urea, calcium superphosphate and hydrated lime according to the weight ratio of 10: 5: 1: 0.25: 0.2: and (3) mixing and composting by the weight ratio of 0.2, stacking and pressing a layer of mixed fertilizer and a layer of garden soil layer by layer, wherein the soil pile is 30-40 cm higher than the ground.
3. The method for close-planting high-yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (1), the geographical environment is exposed to the sun, the illumination is sufficient, the annual average temperature is more than 20 ℃, the lowest temperature is more than 0 ℃, and frost is not generated all the year round.
4. The method for close-planting high-yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (1), 1000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50-100 kg of dolomite powder or 15-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu.
5. The method for close-planting high-yield cultivation of passion fruit overcoming continuous cropping obstacles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the green manure plant is sesbania, Indian cowpea or Cassia tora L.
6. The method for densely planting the passion fruit and cultivating the passion fruit at a high yield according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (7), a 16mm internal patch type drip irrigation tape is adopted for irrigating the passion fruit, the distance between drippers is 25-50 mm, and the flow rate of the drippers is 2-3L/h; two drip irrigation belts are arranged on each row of passion fruit and are respectively arranged on the two sides of the row and gradually move outwards along with the expansion of the root system.
7. The method for close planting and high yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the step (7), the irrigation amount of each passion fruit plant is 50-60L/time.
8. The method for close planting and high yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (8), when the first-stage lateral vines grow to 1.5-1.8 m, pinching and topping are carried out, and the second-stage lateral vines are naturally and vertically used as fruiting vines; and (4) pinching and topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 30cm above the ground, and simultaneously cutting off the redundant second-stage lateral vines which do not result, promoting the growth of the third-stage lateral vines in time and keeping ventilation and light transmission.
9. The method for close-planting high-yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the passion fruit planting bed adopts grass prevention cloth to cover grass prevention or artificial mowing.
10. The method for close-planting high-yield cultivation of passion fruit for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step (11), the passion fruit anthracnose is prevented and treated by using 900 times of 25% benomyl emulsifiable solution or 800-1000 times of 50% procymidone emulsifiable solution or 50% carbofoma wettable powder; the gray mold is prevented and controlled by 1500 times of 50 percent of iprodione 1000-fold liquid or 1000 times of 40 percent of procymidone wettable powder; 800 times of hymexazol or metalaxyl-M + 30% thiamethoxam or chlorpyrifos for preventing stem base rot and underground pests; the stem base rot is treated by cutting the tissues of the diseased part and smearing a quinoline copper preparation for binding; aphids are prevented and controlled by 1000-fold liquid of 3 percent acetamiprid or 1500-fold liquid of 70 percent imidacloprid; thiamethoxam, spinetoram or beta-cypermethrin are used for controlling thrips and scale insects; the disease is prevented and treated by 1000-fold liquid of difenoconazole, 2000-fold liquid of propineb, 600-fold liquid of propineb or dimethomorph; the citrus fruit fly is trapped and killed by hanging a yellow board spraying sex attractant or a fly catching device in the orchard.
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