CN115104475B - Green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method - Google Patents
Green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115104475B CN115104475B CN202211003849.5A CN202211003849A CN115104475B CN 115104475 B CN115104475 B CN 115104475B CN 202211003849 A CN202211003849 A CN 202211003849A CN 115104475 B CN115104475 B CN 115104475B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
- A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, which is characterized in that a net room is established to block external disease sources and insect sources, and dangerous diseases and pests are blocked outside the net, and a grass growing planting method is adopted to achieve a good ecological system which is artificially established, so that benign ecological systems on trees and in the ground can be artificially built; meanwhile, the planting life of the lemon can be prolonged to the greatest extent; the invention realizes premature and wrong season production, releases fruit growers to the maximum extent, and greatly shortens labor input. The fertilizer, water and pesticide are reasonably and efficiently utilized, the fertilization time and the fertilization method are controlled, the fertilization, the water supply and the pesticide use can be carried out according to the good time point of the physical candidate period of the lemon, the disease and insect pest can be prevented in advance, the disease and insect pest can be timely controlled within an economic threshold value, and the in-garden disease and insect pest biocontrol can be well realized. Finally, the fruit with beautiful, high quality, green, safety and high yield is produced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lemon garden cultivation, and particularly relates to a green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method.
Background
Lemon @ sC. limon (L.)Burm.f.) Belongs to Rutaceae ofRutaceae) Citrus genusCitrus) The fruit tree of (2) can be eaten fresh, the pulp can be used for preparing fruit pulp, fruit-flavored food and beverage, and can also be used for deep processing, such as concentrated juice, lemon oil, freeze-dried tablets and the like, wherein the lemon oil is a raw and auxiliary material additive of various foods, cosmetics, medicines and health-care products. At present, the lemon can emit specific faint scent by itself, and tender and drafted for 4-12 times a year under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and waterTender and slightly tender, and has the characteristic of flowers in four seasons. The lemon disease and pests associated with such excellent characteristics are much more numerous than other crops, and the need to produce "beautiful" fruits necessarily results in increased inputs of pesticides, fertilizers, water, labor, etc.
The management input cost of the lemon garden annually before the production of the lemon garden reaches 2 ten thousand yuan/mu from the conventional management at present, and the average cost is reduced by 1 ten thousand yuan/mu slightly after the production. Fruits are put on the lemon in the 3 rd year after planting, and the high yield period is reached in the 5 th year. Light is used for about 25-40 times per year before fruiting, and the annual administration cost is 800 yuan/mu. The medicine is applied for 28 times a year after the production, and the medicine cost is 3500 yuan/mu; the fertilizer is applied relatively frequently every 15 days when fruits are not fruiting, wherein the average amount of each plant is 10 g/time, the average amount of each plant is 240 g in 1 year, the fertilizer is mainly applied according to the lemon waiting period after the production, the fertilizer amount and the variety required in different waiting periods are inconsistent, and the average amount of each plant is 1200 g each year; the watering is mostly in the form of flood irrigation, 10 mu of water can be irrigated per person each day, and the average water consumption per plant is 480 liters each year. Most of water is lost through ditches, surface runoffs and the like. When the lemon reaches the full-bearing period, the yield per mu is 2 tons, and the high-quality fruit rate is 60-75%. Dangerous diseases can be found in most orchards from the 6 th year, plants are weakened slowly, and the orchards need to be updated for about 10 years.
At present, compared with the lemon garden managed by the method, the traditional production management lemon garden has the advantages of high long-term production investment, short service life, low yield value, salinization of soil, serious water and soil loss, serious water and fertilizer waste, ecological environment deterioration, enhanced drug resistance of pests and the like, and the problems of more and more are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description summary and in the title of the application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the description summary and the title of the invention, which should not be used to limit the scope of the invention.
As one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a green and economical lemon garden net house cultivation method, which comprises the following steps,
firstly, soil preparation: deep-ploughing and ridging the land, and putting decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into the land when deep-ploughing;
(II) building a net room: setting up steel pipes around the tidied land according to a distance of 6m, horizontally placing the steel pipes at the top, and paving gauze; a shading net is arranged at the joint of the gauze and the steel pipe;
planting and paving drip irrigation belts:
planting: the method comprises the steps of carrying out full-net-room insecticidal sterilization treatment on a net room by using a medicament before field planting, carrying out full-net-room insecticidal sterilization treatment on the net room by using the medicament before field planting, carrying out field planting by selecting strong-fluctuation detoxified seedlings as seedlings after 30-45 days after medicament application, carrying out concentrated insecticidal sterilization treatment on the seedlings on the day of field planting when the seedlings are planted on the net, immediately moving the seedlings into the net room after the medicinal liquid on the plants is dried, planting the seedlings in the middle of ridges during field planting, and watering root fixing water in time after planting;
laying a drip irrigation belt: drip irrigation is carried out by adopting double pipelines;
and (IV) planting raw grass: sowing herba Agastaches, herba Medicaginis, flos Tagetis Erectae and herba astragali Sinici among lemon trees;
and (V) fertilizer and water management:
fertilizer and water management in the young tree period: drip irrigation is carried out by adopting double pipelines, and water and fertilizer are simultaneously supplied in the young tree period;
fertilizer and water management of fruit trees: applying boron fertilizer before flower promotion, in bud stage and in young fruit stage, wherein each time of boron fertilizer comprises the following steps: drip irrigation is carried out on the boron fertilizer once by water according to the weight ratio of 1:1000, and 6 g of boron fertilizer is given to each plant every year on average; supplementing calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers in the fruit expanding period, and adding the calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers according to the following proportion: drip irrigation is carried out by water in a weight ratio of 1:1000, and 6 g of calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are given to each plant every year on average;
and (3) applying a compound fertilizer: applying 16 g of balance fertilizer, 28 g of high nitrogen fertilizer and 22 g of high phosphorus and high potassium fertilizer to each plant all year round;
watering the hanging fruit trees: water is supplied by adopting a double-pipeline dropper;
and (six) pest management: and (3) controlling and managing the lemon diseases and insect pests in the net room: and (5) performing drug control. Laying a medicine tube, and installing an atomization nozzle on the medicine tube for atomization administration; physical control mainly releases natural enemies.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: the compound fertilizer is applied by the following steps of: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is dripped by water according to the weight ratio of 2:100, and the time interval between 2 times of drip irrigation is 5 days; in summer, after the second physical fruit drop of the lemon spring flower fruit is finished, the fertilizer is mixed with high nitrogen fertilizer: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is dripped in the water ratio of 2:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; when 5-8 new leaves grow out of the branch tips, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: 2 times of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers are dripped according to the water ratio of 2:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; the fertilizer is quickly pressed after the spring fruits are picked in autumn: 2 times of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers are dripped according to the water ratio of 2:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; after Qiu Huaguo second physiological fruit drop is finished, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps of: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is dripped by water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; after winter, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time by the water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time by water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: the water is 1:1000, and the balance fertilizer is drip-irrigated for 1 time for 5 days for 39 times, and 16 g of the balance fertilizer, 28 g of high nitrogen fertilizer and 22 g of high phosphorus and high potassium fertilizer are applied to each plant all year round.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: the balance fertilizer is 18:18:18+ET fertilizer; the high nitrogen fertilizer is 34:10:10+ET fertilizer; the high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer is a 6:30:24+ET fertilizer.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: the method comprises the steps of planting marigold and astragalus sinicus in a lemon garden 5-10 months each year, alternately planting the marigold and the astragalus sinicus between two plant rows, cutting the astragalus sinicus twice, cutting and collecting seeds when 11 months of marigold and the astragalus sinicus seeds are mature, then starting to plant ageratum and alfalfa, alternately planting between rows, cutting 1 month for 12 months, 1 month for 1 month and 2 months, collecting the seeds after 4 months of ageratum and alfalfa seeds are mature, and sowing until 12 months.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: the soil preparation method comprises the step (I), wherein the deep turning depth is 80cm, decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are put into the soil during deep turning, each plant of the decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is uniformly mixed with the soil after being compounded according to the weight ratio of 20:0.1, and then ridging is carried out, wherein the height of each ridge is 20cm, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 2m, and the distance between ridges is 2m.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: the medicine is used for preventing and treating the disease, and is atomized and administrated in a lemon garden, and is sprayed with Shi Xicui times of liquid, 100 times of green liquid, 800 times of Boerdosol liquid, 800 times of ethylicin and 500 times of ivermectin, and is administrated 8 times per year, and 1 liter per mu of medicine is administrated each time.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: the physical control is to trim according to the occurrence and the multiplication of main pests and diseases of the lemon tree, so that the lemon tree body is ventilated and transparent, and branch tips are not penetrated or covered.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: the natural enemy release is to release the new small amblyseius barkeri with drug resistance according to the density of 50 heads placed in each interval of 2 strains when the density of each leaf worm of the red spider is 2; 50 head of leaf miner's webworms are placed in the garden every 2 plants when the plants start to bud, 20 origanum majus or 50 six-point thrips are placed in the citrus flowering phase and the young tip phase at intervals of 2 plants, and the thrips are prevented and treated.
As a preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the invention has the following advantages: fertilizer water management in the young tree period adopts double-pipeline drip irrigation to supply water once every 2 days on average, and fertilizer is supplied according to the water: the fertilizer is 1000:1 weight ratio and a water band are used together for dropper balance fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention establishes a net room to separate external disease sources and insect sources, separates dangerous diseases and insect pests outside the net, adopts a grass growing planting method, achieves a good ecological system which is artificially established, and can artificially build benign ecological systems on trees and in the ground; meanwhile, the planting life of the lemon can be prolonged to the greatest extent; the invention realizes premature and wrong season production, releases fruit growers to the maximum extent, and greatly shortens labor input. The fertilizer, water and pesticide are reasonably and efficiently utilized, the fertilization time and the fertilization method are controlled, the fertilization, the water supply and the pesticide use can be carried out according to the good time point of the physical candidate period of the lemon, the disease and insect pest can be prevented in advance, the disease and insect pest can be timely controlled within an economic threshold value, and the in-garden disease and insect pest biocontrol can be well realized. Finally, the fruit with beautiful, high quality, green, safety and high yield is produced.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The invention relates to a green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method which comprises the following steps,
taking the example of screening and cultivating an excellent lemon variety 'cloud lemon No. 1' by the national institute of tropical and subtropical economic crops of the agricultural sciences of Yunnan province, the fruit can bloom and bear fruits in four seasons in the natural environment of the great abundance of Yunnan. Under conventional planting, the yield of the flower is that spring flower and fruit is that autumn flower and fruit is that summer flower and fruit is that winter flower and fruit; quality and smoothness of fruit surface, spring flower, autumn flower, winter flower, summer flower, fruit. Because the Yunnan lemon can realize the characteristics of four seasons fresh fruit, and the price of the lemon is extremely higher than that of winter flower fruit, yu Chunhua fruit and Xia Huaguo fruit for years, the price of spring flower fruit in the highest year is 5 times higher than that of spring flower fruit. In order to improve the yield and the quality, the natural resources which are unique in Yunnan are fully utilized to realize a high mu yield value, and the invention realizes the manual regulation to improve the yield and the quality of autumn flowers and winter flowers:
firstly, soil preparation: deep-ploughing and ridging the land, wherein the deep-ploughing depth is 80cm, adding decomposed organic fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) during deep-ploughing, mixing each plant of the decomposed organic fertilizer and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with soil uniformly according to the weight ratio of 20:0.1, and then ridging, wherein the height of the ridge is 20cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge is 2m, and the distance between ridges is 2m.
(II) networking room
Planting steel pipes with diameters of 5.0cm and heights of 7m at a distance of 6m around the tidied land, and transversely laying the steel pipes with diameters of 4.0cm and lengths of 6m at the top; the middle is also planted with 4.0cm steel pipes at a distance of 6m, and the top is horizontally placed with 4.0cm steel pipes; the steel pipes are connected by using welded triangular pipes. The steel pipe is inserted into the ground to be deep 40cm, steel bars with the length of 20cm are welded at three directions on the foot part of the steel pipe, wherein 10cm is welded with the steel pipe, and 10cm is inserted into the ground in a splayed shape, and then the steel pipe is fixed by cement. Welding clamping grooves on the vertical peripheral steel pipes and the steel pipes with the tops being horizontal to fix the gauze; and heat insulation glue is put on the clamping groove to prevent the clamping groove from being scalded by heat and contacting with the gauze or accelerating the aging of the gauze, and finally the service time is shortened.
2. Cover net
The screen selection screen specification is 40 meshes, and the screen is covered after the net frame is built. The gauze is fixed on the clamping groove while covering. A shading net is put between the gauze and the clamping strip. The screen is also placed with a layer of shading net at the place where the screen contacts with the steel tube, and is used for blocking the steel tube from scalding the screen due to high temperature of sunlight irradiation. Finally, the insect blocking is realized, and the service life of the gauze is prolonged.
(III) field planting and laying drip irrigation tape
1. Planting
The method comprises the steps of carrying out full-net-room insecticidal sterilization treatment on a net room by using a medicament before field planting, carrying out field planting by selecting the detoxified seedlings with strong vigor as seedlings after 30-45 days after the medicament is used, carrying out concentrated insecticidal sterilization treatment on the seedlings on the day of field planting when the seedlings are planted on the net, immediately moving the seedlings into the net room after the medicinal liquid on the plants is dried, planting the seedlings in the middle of ridges during field planting, and timely watering root fixing water after planting.
2. Laying drip irrigation tape
Laying drip tube strips while planting. Taking a dry hot area loam land block and lemon saplings as an example, watering each lemon tree for 0.5 liter, and adopting drip irrigation for 2-3 days (once in spring and 3 days in summer, and once in autumn and 2 days in winter). And in the orchard adopting drip irrigation, the mowing is carried out once every 20 days in spring, and the mowing is hardly needed in autumn and winter. The weed growth speed in the lemon garden adopting the sprinkling irrigation mode is faster than that in a drip irrigation garden, and the sprinkling irrigation lemon garden needs to mow the raw weeds in the spring and summer for 3 days on average, and mows the lemon garden in autumn and winter for 30 days on average. The drip irrigation in the dry hot loam lemon garden can save water and fertilizer (fertilizer is applied by combining watering) and release mowing labor force. And by adopting drip irrigation double-pipe watering, the watering and fertilizing time is shortened, energy conservation is achieved, and labor force is greatly reduced.
The double-pipe laying drip irrigation can shorten the time of water supply and fertilizer supply, greatly reduce the labor cost, and simultaneously lead the plants to evenly obtain nutrition so that the lemon grows vertically and healthily. The dripper is arranged at a position 30 cm away from the root of the tree, the drip hole is 0.01 mm, and the drip hole is increased or the irrigation time is prolonged along with the growth of the tree body.
(IV) grass planting
10 different treatment modes are adopted among the rows and plants of the net room lemon garden, namely one of ageratum, alfalfa, marigold, milk vetch, platycodon grandiflorum, golden aster, arrow-tongue peas and stevioside is sown among the rows and plants of the lemon garden, so that grass-preventing cloth is covered, and weeds in the local garden are reserved for natural growth to serve as a control group. The result shows that the main pests of red spiders, thrips and scale insects are placed on lemon plants in areas where ageratum, alfalfa, astragalus sinicus or marigold are planted, the insect population is less than the area where platycodon grandiflorum, golden aster and aster are planted, the weed group in the reserved local garden is less than the grass-proof cover cloth group. The types and the number of natural enemy insects in the garden are as follows: the planting area of the milk vetch is smaller than the planting area of the alfalfa, the planting area of the wrinkled gianthyssop herb is smaller than the planting area of the tagetes, the planting area of the arrowhead peas is smaller than the planting area of the aster, the planting area of the golden aster is smaller than the planting area of the platycodon root is smaller than the area of the reserved local weeds and the planting area of the tectorial membrane is smaller than the planting area of the covering membrane. Wherein, the film covered area has almost no natural enemies, the alfalfa planting area and the astragalus sinicus area have the lowest monthly watering frequency, and have obvious differences compared with other groups.
In conclusion, the herba agastachis, alfalfa, marigold and astragalus sinicus are planted in the net house lemon garden, so that the density of main pests in the garden is reduced, the number and types of natural enemies in the garden are increased, and finally the frequency and the medicament for controlling the pests are reduced. At the same time, the water use frequency is also reduced. Because the growth periods of the ageratum, the alfalfa, the marigold and the astragalus sinicus are different, the time is staggered when planting or cutting the plant so as to ensure that at least one or two plants in the garden are in the growing period, thereby being beneficial to the places where insects eat, live and reproduce. Specifically, marigold and astragalus sinicus are planted in a garden 5-10 months each year, and the two plants are planted in a staggered manner, namely, one row of marigold is planted, one row of astragalus sinicus is planted, and the planting is staggered. During the period, the milk vetch is only required to be mowed twice, and flowers and seeds are not mowed after the milk vetch is mowed twice. And (5) mowing and collecting seeds after the seeds of the marigold and the astragalus sinicus are mature for 11 months. Then, planting herba Agastaches and herba Medicaginis, and planting herba Agastaches and herba Medicaginis alternately. The seeds of wrinkled gianthyssop thistle and alfalfa are collected and stored until 12 months for sowing after the seeds of wrinkled gianthyssop thistle and alfalfa are ripe, wherein the wrinkled gianthyssop thistle and alfalfa are mowed 1 time per month for 12 months, 1 month and 2 months, and the branches and trunks return to the garden.
Fifth, fertilizer and water management
1. Fertilizer and water management in the young tree period: water and fertilizer are supplied simultaneously in the young tree period. The invention adopts drip irrigation to feed water once every 2 days, and the fertilizer is fed according to the following water: the fertilizer is supplied with balanced fertilizer by a water belt according to the proportion of 1000:1, 150 g/plant is fertilized every plant year, and 90L/plant is watered; and water and fertilizer are given once in 15 days of conventional production management, and each person can fertilize 2 mu each day on average. Each plant is given 10 g of fertilizer and 20L of water, and each plant is given 240 g of fertilizer and 480L of water. Compared with the two modes, the invention not only reduces the use amount of fertilizer and saves water, but also completely releases manpower.
2. Fertilizer and water management for fruit tree
2.1 fertilizing type, fertilizing amount and fertilizing time node of hanging fruit tree
2.1.1 Single element fertilizer fertilizing amount and fertilizing time node
And applying a certain boron fertilizer to each season of fruits before flower promotion, in the bud stage and in the young fruit stage. The invention relates to a boron fertilizer: the water is used for drip irrigation of the monomer boric fertilizer at a weight ratio of 1:1000, and 6 grams of boric fertilizer is given to each plant every year (20 grams are applied to the holes before flower promotion, 10 grams are applied to the holes in the bud stage and the young fruit stage in total in the conventional planting management, and 100 grams of boric fertilizer are applied to each plant every year). Proper calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers are supplemented in the fruit expanding period, and the invention comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of water is 1:1000, and 6 grams of fertilizer is applied to each plant each year (generally, 50 grams of fertilizer is applied to each plant in each hole in winter in conventional management).
2.1.2 Compound fertilizer fertilizing amount and fertilizing time node
The amount and time of the compound fertilizer applied by the invention are as follows: the weight ratio of water to 100 is 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer, and the time interval is 5 days, so that the quality of spring flowers can be ensured, and the spring tips can be ensured to grow healthily to healthy fruiting parent branches of autumn flowers; in summer, after the second physical fruit drop of the lemon spring flower fruit is finished, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps of: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is supplied to the plant in the ratio of 2:100 for 7 days at intervals, firstly, fruit swelling is carried out, and secondly, summer shoots are promoted, and as summer shoots are fruiting parent shoots of winter flowers and the rainwater in summer is more than sufficient shoot shoots grow, when the shoot shoots grow into 5-8 new leaves, the plant is prepared by the following steps: 2 times of high phosphorus and high potassium fertilizers are given to the water in a ratio of 2:100, and the time interval is 3 days so as to promote the summer shoots to age and promote autumn flowers as soon as possible; the fertilizer is quickly pressed after the spring fruits are picked in autumn: 2 times of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers are added to the water in the proportion of 2:100, the time interval is 3 days, the flower is promoted, and when Qiu Huaguo second physiological fruit dropping is finished, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is added to water in a ratio of 1:100, and the time interval is 7 days, mainly the autumn tips are promoted and the fruits are swelled; after winter, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: the water is given 1 time of balanced fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is used for flowering: the water is given 1 time balance fertilizer in a ratio of 1:100. In addition to the adequate fertilizer dosed on time according to the waiting period of the lemon, the fertilizer is dosed in the expanding period of spring flowers and fruits, autumn flowers and fruits and winter flowers and fruits: the balance fertilizer was given 9 times in a ratio of 1:1000 in water for 5 days 1 time. 66 g of common fertilizer is applied to each plant in the whole year, wherein 16 g of balanced 18:18:18+ET fertilizer is applied; 28 g of high nitrogen 34:10:10+ET fertilizer, and flattening; 22 g of high-phosphorus and potassium 6:30:24+ET fertilizer.
The conventional management lemon garden fertilizer is mainly applied according to the culture of spring flowers and fruits, and 1200 g of fertilizer is applied per plant each year. The autumn flowers and fruits are picked and then subjected to deep digging, at the moment, mainly, each plant is deeply fertilized with high nitrogen 34:10:10+ET fertilizer 500 g, and each person can fertilize 0.5 mu each day; after the second physiological fruit drop of spring flowers is finished, 200 g of the ET fertilizer is applied to each plant of shallow roots Shi Gaolin potassium in a ratio of 6:30:24+6, and 1 mu of fertilizer can be applied to each person every day; 500 g of the balanced fertilizer of 18:18:18+ET is applied to shallow roots in the fruit swelling period, and 1 mu of balanced fertilizer can be applied to each person every day.
In summary, the invention not only realizes a small amount of multiple times and on-demand supply, but also greatly reduces the total annual application amount of the fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer and saves the fertilizer. And simultaneously, the labor force is released.
2.2 fruit tree hanging watering
When the lemon in the net room is watered, water is generally supplied according to the soil water content and the lemon waiting period, water is generally properly controlled when the spring flowers, the autumn flowers and the winter flowers are promoted, water is supplied every 3 days on average according to the weather conditions and the soil moisture content in the rest of the time, 160 liters of water is supplied every plant every year on average (the conventional management orchard generally has no method for supplying water according to the soil moisture content and the lemon waiting period, but flood irrigation is carried out when water exists, 4 flood irrigation can be carried out every year on average, 480 liters of water is supplied every plant every year, and 10 mu of water can be supplied every day every person). The invention adopts double-pipeline drip irrigation water supply, the water stays at the abrupt surface for a relatively short time, and is slowly permeated under the influence of gravity, and is slowly dispersed under the surface soil, thereby reducing the evaporation of the surface and the absorption of surface grass, greatly reducing the surface runoff and a large amount of permeation loss, being efficiently absorbed and utilized by plants, and further reducing the water consumption of each plant. Compared with conventional management, since the conventional management uses flood irrigation, a large amount of water can generate a large amount of surface runoff and a large amount of penetration, and a large amount of surface evaporation and absorption by surface plants, so that a large amount of water is essentially not utilized by the plants and is wasted. Therefore, the double-pipeline drip irrigation belt can supply water rapidly, and the water consumption is greatly saved and the labor is released.
Sixth pest management
1. Control and management of lemon plant diseases and insect pests in net room
Through perennial investigation, the main pests in the net house are citrus red spiders, leaf miners, cerclage, thrips, citrus mealybugs and rust ticks, the diseases are mainly gray mold, and a small amount of gummosis and green algae are found.
1.1, laying the medicine tube
After the lemon field planting, a pesticide spraying pipeline is paved in the garden, a branch pipe is paved on each ridge, 3 steel pipes with the height of 2.5 meters and 2.0 cm are arranged on each ridge, two steel pipes are arranged at the ends of the ridge, and one steel pipe is arranged in the middle of the ridge. The steel pipes are linked by 1.0EP pipes, and the linking parts are connected by movable bayonets so as to ensure that the steel pipes can move up and down. The medicine tube is fixed on the EP tube, and a rotary atomization three-nozzle is arranged on the medicine tube according to a position of 3 meters. 50 mu of the medicine is atomized and used for 3 minutes.
1.2, method for controlling
Drug control: biological source, mineral oil and plant pesticide which are safe to natural enemy insects are sprayed in a garden, and currently used main materials are Xiecui 100 times liquid, lvying 100 times liquid, boerdosol 800 times liquid, ethylicin 800 times liquid and ivermectin 500 times liquid. The medicine is taken for 8 times every year, and 1 liter is taken for each mu.
Physical control: the method is characterized in that reasonable pruning is performed according to the occurrence and multiplication habits of main pests and diseases of the lemon, so that ventilation and light transmission of the tree body are ensured, no penetration, stacking and covering among branch tips are realized, and pest hiding and multiplication sites and disease propagation and diffusion sites are reduced. Reasonable pruning is also beneficial to the uniform adhesion of the medicine on the tree body. Finally reducing the frequency of insect mouths and diseases of the pests.
Releasing natural enemies: the natural enemy is released in the net room according to a certain rule. When the density of each leaf worm of the red spider is 2, releasing the drug-resistant neoseiulus barkeri according to the density of 1 bag (50 heads) placed every 2 strains in the garden, and preventing and controlling the citrus red spider; when the plants start to bud, 1 bag of the brood She E is put in the garden every 2 plants to prevent and control the leaf miner; 20 orius floridulus or 50 thrips at six points are placed at intervals of 2 plants in the flowering phase and the young tip phase of the citrus, and the thrips are prevented and treated.
2. Control group: 2. conventional management of lemon pest control management: the main dangerous pests in the lemon garden are citrus psyllids and whiteflies, and citrus red spiders, thrips, leaf miners, cerclage, red mealy bugs, mealybugs, rust ticks, dachong butterfly, weevil and yellow spiders are managed conventionally; the diseases are mainly citrus yellow dragon disease, citrus yellow vein disease, citrus bituminous disease, citrus scab disease, citrus canker, gummosis and green algae. The prevention and control method mainly adopts chemical prevention and control, and the medicine is used for 20 times per year on average, and can be sprayed for 4 mu per day, and the medicine consumption per mu is 220 liters. Each application is used for preventing and treating citrus red spider. The common medicaments are mainly cui 200 times liquid, etoxazole 3000 times liquid, bifenazate 3000 times liquid, avermectin 1000 times liquid, ivermectin 1500 times liquid, avermectin 3000 times liquid, spirotetramat 3000 times liquid, chlorpyrifos 1500 times liquid, mancozeb 800 times liquid, thiophanate-methyl 800 times liquid, iprodione 800 times liquid and difenoconazole 1000 times liquid. In conclusion, compared with the conventional management, the invention not only greatly reduces the times of medication, reduces the types and the amounts of medication, realizes timely and real-time medication, but also releases manpower.
In conclusion, the invention realizes the blocking of external insect sources by constructing the net room, thereby indirectly blocking the entry of dangerous diseases and prolonging the planting life of oranges. By cultivating grass in the garden and selecting different varieties of plants, the method realizes pest expelling, creates living, feeding and breeding places for natural enemies, and can provide organic matters, improve soil and increase soil probiotics. Improved fertilizer and water management and drug pipeline laying can artificially obtain a regulatory error Ji Guoshi for the growth vigor of lemon plants; can realize the prevention in advance, so that the biological pesticide can exert the optimal application time and finally achieve the optimal effect, and the diseases and pests are controlled within the economic threshold; can save water, fertilizer and medicine to the maximum extent, greatly saves labor cost, and establishes an excellent ecological system on the tree in the net and in the ground.
By adopting the invention, as the net room, the water and fertilizer integrated pipeline and the drug pipeline device are built, the drug input cost in the first year is slightly higher, but the annual input is greatly reduced, the 3 ten thousand yuan per mu in the 1 st year is needed, and the average annual production cost is 5000 yuan per mu. After the method is adopted, the yield of the lemon is 1 ton per mu in the second year, and the lemon can enter the full-bearing period in the 3 rd year. The invention adopts the methods of establishing net chambers, planting in-garden grasses and atomizing and using medicines in the garden, and manually releases natural enemies of main pests in the garden, so that the pest population density is low, an excellent ecological system is built in the garden, the biological control of diseases and pests on the lemon in the garden is realized, the medicine using times and the medicine using amount are greatly reduced, 6 times of medicine are used every year in 1 year, and the medicine using expense is 160 yuan/mu; the medicine is applied 8 times a year after the production, and the annual medicine application cost is 1500 yuan/mu. The invention adopts a drip irrigation mode to supply water once every 5 days, and the fertilizer is supplied according to the following water: the fertilizer is supplied with balanced fertilizer by a water belt according to the proportion of 1000:1, and the factors such as net house, grass growing and the like are added, so that 150 g/plant is needed for each plant of young tree to fertilize every year, and 90L/plant is watered; applying 16 g of 18:18:18+ET balance fertilizer to each plant of the fruit tree every year; 28 g of 34:10:10+ET high nitrogen fertilizer; 22 g of 6:30:24+ET high phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Annual water supply averages 160 liters per plant per year. When the lemon reaches high yield, the yield per mu can reach 5 tons, and the high-quality fruit rate can reach more than 95 percent. Dangerous diseases are not found in the garden, and the lemon plants are presumed to be put into production for decades without updating.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is characterized in that: is composed of the following steps of the method,
firstly, soil preparation: deep-ploughing and ridging the land, and putting decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into the land when deep-ploughing;
(II) building a net room: setting up steel pipes around the tidied land according to a distance of 6m, horizontally placing the steel pipes at the top, and paving gauze; a shading net is arranged at the joint of the gauze and the steel pipe;
planting and paving drip irrigation belts:
planting: the method comprises the steps of carrying out full-net-room insecticidal sterilization treatment on a net room by using a medicament before field planting, carrying out full-net-room insecticidal sterilization treatment on the net room by using the medicament before field planting, carrying out field planting by selecting strong-fluctuation detoxified seedlings as seedlings after 30-45 days after medicament application, carrying out concentrated insecticidal sterilization treatment on the seedlings on the day of field planting when the seedlings are planted on the net, immediately moving the seedlings into the net room after the medicinal liquid on the plants is dried, planting the seedlings in the middle of ridges during field planting, and watering root fixing water in time after planting;
laying a drip irrigation belt: drip irrigation is carried out by adopting double pipelines;
and (IV) planting raw grass: sowing herba Agastaches, herba Medicaginis, flos Tagetis Erectae and herba astragali Sinici among lemon trees;
and (V) fertilizer and water management:
fertilizer and water management in the young tree period: drip irrigation is carried out by adopting double pipelines, and water and fertilizer are simultaneously supplied in the young tree period;
fertilizer and water management of fruit trees: applying boron fertilizer before flower promotion, in bud stage and in young fruit stage, wherein each time of boron fertilizer comprises the following steps: drip irrigation is carried out on the boron fertilizer once by water according to the weight ratio of 1:1000, and 6 g of boron fertilizer is given to each plant every year on average; supplementing calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers in the fruit expanding period, and adding the calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers according to the following proportion: drip irrigation is carried out by water in a weight ratio of 1:1000, and 6 g of calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are given to each plant every year on average;
and (3) applying a compound fertilizer: applying 22 g of balance fertilizer, 13 g of high nitrogen fertilizer and 18 g of high phosphorus and high potassium fertilizer to each plant all the year round;
watering the fruit trees;
and (six) pest management: and (3) controlling and managing the lemon diseases and insect pests in the net room: performing drug control; laying a medicine tube, and installing an atomization nozzle on the medicine tube for atomization administration; physical control: reasonably pruning and releasing natural enemies in the garden;
the compound fertilizer is applied according to the following high nitrogen fertilizer before the germination of the lemon spring: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is dripped by water according to the weight ratio of 2:100, and the time interval between 2 times of drip irrigation is 5 days; in summer, after the second physical fruit drop of the lemon spring flower fruit is finished, the fertilizer is mixed with high nitrogen fertilizer: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is dripped in the water ratio of 2:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; when 5-8 new leaves grow out of the branch tips, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: 2 times of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers are dripped according to the water ratio of 2:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; the fertilizer is quickly pressed after the spring fruits are picked in autumn: 2 times of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers are dripped according to the water ratio of 2:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; after Qiu Huaguo second physiological fruit drop is finished, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps of: 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer is dripped by water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the time interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; after winter, the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time by the water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time by water according to the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: the water is 1:1000, the balance fertilizer is drip-irrigated for 1 time for 5 days for 39 times, and each plant is applied with 16 g of balance fertilizer, 28 g of high nitrogen fertilizer and 22 g of high phosphorus and high potassium fertilizer all year round;
the method comprises the steps of planting marigold and astragalus sinicus in a lemon garden 5-10 months each year, alternately planting the marigold and the astragalus sinicus between two plant rows, cutting the astragalus sinicus twice, cutting and collecting seeds when 11 months of marigold and the astragalus sinicus seeds are mature, then starting to plant ageratum and alfalfa, alternately planting between rows, cutting 1 month for 12 months, 1 month for 2 months, collecting the seeds after 4 months of ageratum and alfalfa seeds are mature, and sowing the seeds until 12 months;
the natural enemy release is to release drug-resistant neoseiulus barkeri according to the density of 50 heads placed at each interval of 2 plants when the density of each leaf worm port of a red spider is 2, to put 50 head leaf miner's gizzard bees in a garden every 2 plants when the plants start to emit buds, to put 20 orius reeves or 50 six tower thrips at intervals of 2 plants in the flowering phase and the tender tip phase of citrus, and to prevent and treat thrips;
the balance fertilizer is 18:18:18+ET fertilizer; the high nitrogen fertilizer is 34:10:10+ET fertilizer; the high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer is a 6:30:24+ET fertilizer.
2. The green-sparing lemon garden net-house cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein: the soil preparation method comprises the step (I), wherein the deep turning depth is 80cm, decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are put into the soil during deep turning, each plant of the decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is uniformly mixed with the soil after being compounded according to the weight ratio of 20:0.1, and then ridging is carried out, wherein the height of each ridge is 20cm, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 2m, and the distance between ridges is 2m.
3. The green economical lemon garden net house cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the medicine is used for preventing and treating the disease, and is atomized and administrated in a lemon garden, and is sprayed with Shi Xicui times of liquid, 100 times of green liquid, 800 times of Boerdosol liquid, 800 times of ethylicin and 500 times of ivermectin, and is administrated 8 times per year, and 1 liter per mu of medicine is administrated each time.
4. The green economical lemon garden net house cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the physical control is to trim according to the occurrence and the multiplication of main pests and diseases of the lemon tree, so that the lemon tree body is ventilated and transparent, and branch tips are not penetrated or covered.
5. The green economical lemon garden net house cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: fertilizer water management in the young tree period adopts double-pipeline drip irrigation to supply water once every 2 days on average, and fertilizer is supplied according to the water: the fertilizer is 1000:1 weight ratio and a water band are used together for dropper balance fertilizer.
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