CN112772081A - Seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer - Google Patents
Seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001517923 Douglasiidae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000003870 Ageratum houstonianum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000132536 Cirsium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005891 Cyromazine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001560086 Pachyrhizus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorfenapyr Chemical compound BrC1=C(C(F)(F)F)N(COCC)C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1C#N CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyromazine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC2CC2)=N1 LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950000775 cyromazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008100 Brassica rapa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000540 Brassica rapa subsp rapa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219122 Cucurbita Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001629511 Litchi Species 0.000 abstract 7
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 abstract 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on a controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a planting field, detecting acidity of soil, then, starting seed selection, after selecting high-quality seeds, performing treatments such as soaking, seed awakening and germination acceleration on the seeds, keeping the wettability of the seeds, facilitating the germination of the seeds, planting the litchi embryos in the soil with different acidity after the embryos of the litchi embryos are mature, simultaneously applying a base fertilizer to the dug planting holes before planting, and after planting, watering, fertilizing, trimming, treating the diseases and the like on seedlings to ensure the normal growth of the litchi. According to the seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on the controlled release fertilizer, the litchi is planted on the lands with different acidity degrees, the yields of the litchi can be compared, and therefore the best selenium-rich litchi planting land is selected, the yield of the selenium-rich litchi can be increased, and more benefits can be brought to planting personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on a controlled release fertilizer.
Background
Agricultural planting not only can provide grains, fruits and vegetables for people, but also drives local economy to develop, and agricultural planting is different for different types of crops, so that seedlings of the crops can better survive through a scientific planting method, and the yield of the crops is relatively improved.
The method is characterized in that the selection of crops is started when seedlings are selected, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved through steps of fertilization, irrigation and the like, and the existing seedlings are planted and cultivated because the particle sizes of base fertilizers are different and the granularity is poor, and meanwhile, the controlled release fertilizers of the seedlings are coated with film and other coating materials, so that the plastic pollution is increased, and the safety of the seedlings is harmed, so that the seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on the controlled release fertilizers is provided, and the problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer, which aims to solve the problems that the existing seedling cultivation in the background art is poor in granularity and different in base fertilizer grain size, and meanwhile, the controlled release fertilizer for the seedling is coated with film and other coating materials, so that plastic pollution is increased, and the safety of the seedling is damaged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a seedling cultivation method based on controlled release fertilizer for agricultural planting comprises
Step 1: selecting seedlings
Collectively placing the seedlings in a containing frame for later use;
step 2: fertilizing
Fully mixing the fertilizers, and uniformly scattering the fertilizers to the soil through a scattering device or artificial fertilization;
and step 3: covering fertilizer
Covering the fertilizer by a plowing device;
and 4, step 4: planting
Punching in soil by using a punching device;
and 5: backfilling
Carrying out soil filling operation on the planting pits;
step 6: irrigation
Performing spraying type operation by using a water spraying device;
and 7: pruning
Trimming the redundant branches on the seedlings;
and 8: pest management
Through biological control or low toxicity pesticide new variety.
Preferably, the seedling selection in the step 1 needs to select fruit seedlings with developed root systems, less mechanical damage and no plant diseases and insect pests, and when the fruit seedlings are purchased, the fruit seedlings are preferably purchased by a regular fruit seedling supply department, so that the variety purity of the fruit seedlings is ensured, and whether the fruit seedlings have disease spots or not is observed.
Preferably, the fertilizer application in step 2 requires screening of fertilizer particles, and mixing of fertilizers with the same or similar particle size by a professional screening device, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is proportioned according to specific plant species, for example, citrus is adopted, and primary fruiting trees generally apply 15-22.5 kg of pure nitrogen per mu per year; the fruit bearing trees are used for producing fertilizers, generally, every 1000 kg of fruits produced are applied with 10-15 kg of pure nitrogen every year, the organic fertilizer accounts for a certain proportion, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the fertilizer is 1: 0.2-0.4: 0.7-1, the application amount of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is calculated according to the proportion, but the application amount is properly adjusted according to the soil fertility and the growth potential of the fruit trees, the conditional orchard can guide the fertilization by a nutrition diagnosis method, meanwhile, the stirring is carried out by a stirring device, the inside of the stirring device is cleaned, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, a professional plowing device is used for turning over the soil before the fertilization, and then the fertilization is carried out;
preferably, in the step 3, the mechanical device in the step 2 is used for secondary soil turning, the fertilizer is covered, and the covered fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, namely a controlled release fertilizer (the fertilizer is wrapped by a polyethylene oxide film);
preferably, the fruit seedlings are planted in the step 4, the fruit seedlings are firstly dipped with rooting water and carbendazim before being planted, then are vertically placed into the planting holes, when the soil is cultivated, the plants are slightly lifted to stretch the root systems of the fruit seedlings, attention is paid to the fact that the force is not too large, when the seedlings are lifted, the surrounding soil layers are slightly pressed by feet, and after the fruit seedlings are planted, planting water is thoroughly poured; the method comprises the following steps that (1) in a place with large wind in an orchard site, after planting, small bamboo poles can be inserted into soil to tie fruit seedlings to the bamboo poles for fixing, so that the seedlings are prevented from being broken by wind, a planting hole with the depth of 50cm is dug in the soil, a proper amount of farmyard manure and fine ash mixture (the fine ash is ash generated after plant supporting rods are burnt) can be placed at the hole bottom of a place with poor soil layer, and then the mixture is covered with fine ash with the thickness of 5-6 cm for isolation; the direct contact between the root system of the fruit seedling and the soil doped with the fertilizer is avoided; thereby causing the root burning phenomenon; if the garden is low in geographical position and water is easy to accumulate in the orchard, the orchard needs to be opened, ridged and planted by a base planting method;
preferably, the irrigation in the step 6 needs to be noticed that the cut note just planted seedlings do not need to be applied with any fertilizer water, a small amount of dilute liquid manure is poured after the root systems of the fruit seedlings start to stretch, the seedling watering work is determined according to the local current weather conditions, watering is carried out once every few days to gradually water for half a month, and the water supply of the fruit seedlings is ensured;
preferably, in the step 7, when the trunk of the trimmed fruit seedlings of the seedlings grows to 60 centimeters, the trunk can be arranged to be pinched and centered, and the trunk can promote lateral bud branching after the trunk is centered; gradually growing up with the lateral branches; reserving 3 to 4 robust spring shoots as side main branches (spring shoots) according to different directions; removing redundant spring shoots, and pinching off the lateral branches again to promote branching (summer shoots) when the lateral branches grow to about 20 centimeters; selecting 1-2 sharp shoots on each main lateral branch as the lateral branches, and leaving 7-8 sharp shoots on each citrus sapling; after the summer shoots are long, pinching is also required; the method is used for cultivating bearing branches of fruit trees; the growth of the autumn tips can be promoted after the pinching of the summer tips, the quantity of the selected and remained autumn tips is controlled to the quantity of two branches remained on each summer tip, redundant autumn tip branches with poor growth and development and late autumn tips which germinate after entering autumn are cut off timely, and the additional consumption of the nutrition of fruit trees is reduced;
preferably, in the pest and disease damage treatment in the step 8, seedlings are easy to attack by leaf miners, red spiders and bee butterfly larvae; if the leaf miner is found on the seedling, the leaf miner can be controlled by cyromazine and carbendazim; when red spiders are found, anthelmintic such as miticide and chlorfenapyr can be sprayed for prevention and treatment; if the infected bee butterfly larva is found, pesticides such as cyhalothrin can be sprayed for control, meanwhile, when some poultry, such as chickens and the like, are cultured in the orchard, not only can the pests be placed, meanwhile, the fertilizer can be provided for fruit trees, and other crops can be interplanted (for example, when in an orange garden, annual crops are selected preferably, straws can be used as green manure of an orchard after the crops are harvested, so that the purpose of improving organic matters of the orchard is achieved, the crops mainly comprise short-stem plants such as soybean, peanut, watermelon, bitter radish and ageratum thistle, so that the land and sunlight can be effectively utilized, the orchard can be cultivated, otherwise, the crops such as high stems, climbing ridges and needing to be built are not suitable for being planted in the orange garden, the crops such as pumpkin, sweet potato and pachyrhizus which have strong water and fertilizer absorbing capacity are not suitable, and the distance of 60-80cm is kept when in interplanting).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on the controlled release fertilizer;
(1) the whole seedling can grow better by supporting and supporting the seedling, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is wrapped by the water-soluble film, so that the controlled release fertilizer can be better applied to the seedling, and the water-soluble film can be degraded quickly, so that the controlled release fertilizer of the seedling can be better made, the pollution of plastic waste is reduced, and the health of the seedling growing environment is protected;
(2) through planting other crops, not only can improve the ecological diversification of crops, also make the resistance of crops obtain improving simultaneously, also improved people's economic benefits moreover, through the screening of fertilizer, can make the particle size of fertilizer unified moreover, make the absorptive nutrition of seedling more abundant timely, through the cultivation of fine ash to and the support of support, can make seedling growth's safer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The present example provides a seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on a controlled release fertilizer, which is described in detail below.
Before planting seedlings of crops, selecting fruit seedlings which are developed in root systems, less in mechanical damage and free of diseases and insect pests, preferably purchasing the fruit seedlings by a regular fruit seedling supply department, ensuring the variety purity of the fruit seedlings, observing whether the fruit seedlings have diseased spots and the like, then fertilizing, screening fertilizer particles, mixing fertilizers with the same or similar particle sizes by a professional screening device, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is matched according to specific plant types, for example, citrus, and at first, 15-22.5 kg of pure nitrogen is generally applied to the fruit trees per mu every year; the fruit containing trees are fertilizer calculated according to the yield, 10-15 kg of pure nitrogen is applied to every 1000 kg of fruits per year, the organic fertilizer accounts for a certain proportion, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the fertilizer is 1: 0.2-0.4: 0.7-1, the application amount of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is calculated according to the proportion, the application amount is properly adjusted according to the soil fertility and the growth potential of the fruit trees, the conditional orchard can guide the fertilization by a nutrition diagnosis method, meanwhile, the stirring device is used for stirring, the inside of the stirring device is cleaned, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, a professional plowing device is used for turning over the soil before the fertilization, then the fertilization is carried out, the fertilizer is covered after the fertilization, and the covered fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, namely, a controlled release fertilizer (the fertilizer is covered by a polyethylene oxide film);
during planting, fruit seedlings are dipped with rooting water and carbendazim before planting, then vertically placed into a planting hole, during earthing up, plants are slightly lifted to stretch the root systems of the fruit seedlings, attention needs to be paid to not too large force, peripheral soil layers are slightly pressed by feet during lifting of the fruit seedlings, and planting water is thoroughly poured after planting; the method comprises the following steps that (1) in a place with large wind in an orchard site, after planting, small bamboo poles can be inserted into soil to tie fruit seedlings to the bamboo poles for fixing, young seedlings are prevented from being broken by wind, a planting hole with the depth of 50cm is dug in the soil, a proper amount of farmyard manure and fine ash mixture (the fine ash is the ash generated after plant supporting rods are burnt) can be placed at the hole bottom of a place with poor soil layer, and then the mixture is covered with fine ash with the thickness of 5-6 cm for isolation; the direct contact between the root system of the fruit seedling and the soil doped with the fertilizer is avoided; thereby causing the root burning phenomenon; if the garden is low in geographical position and water is easy to accumulate in the orchard, the orchard needs to be opened, ridged and planted by a base planting method;
then irrigation is carried out, wherein the irrigation needs to be noticed that the newly planted seedlings do not need to be applied with any rich water, a small amount of thin liquid manure is poured after the root systems of the fruit seedlings start to stretch, the seedling watering work is determined according to the local current weather conditions, watering is carried out once every few days, and watering is gradually carried out once every half a month and a plurality of months, so that the water supply of the fruit seedlings is ensured;
pruning seedlings, namely arranging to pick up and center the trunk of fruit seedlings when the trunk grows to 60 cm, and promoting lateral bud branching of the trunk after the trunk is centered; gradually growing up with the lateral branches; reserving 3 to 4 robust spring shoots as side main branches (spring shoots) according to different directions; removing redundant spring shoots, and pinching off the lateral branches again to promote branching (summer shoots) when the lateral branches grow to about 20 centimeters; selecting 1-2 sharp shoots on each main lateral branch as the lateral branches, and leaving 7-8 sharp shoots on each citrus sapling; after the summer shoots are long, pinching is also required; the method is used for cultivating bearing branches of fruit trees; the growth of the autumn tips can be promoted after the pinching of the summer tips, the quantity of the selected autumn tips is controlled to be the quantity of two branches left on each summer tip, redundant autumn tip branches with poor growth and development and late autumn tips which germinate after entering the autumn are cut off timely, and the additional consumption of the nutrition of the fruit trees is reduced;
treating diseases and insect pests, wherein the seedlings are easily attacked by leaf miners, red spiders and bee butterfly larvae; if the leaf miner is found on the seedling, the leaf miner can be controlled by cyromazine and carbendazim; when red spiders are found, anthelmintic such as miticide and chlorfenapyr can be sprayed for prevention and treatment; if the infected bee butterfly larva is found, pesticide such as cyhalothrin can be sprayed for preventing and treating, meanwhile, when some poultry, such as chickens and the like, are cultured in the orchard, not only can the pests be placed, meanwhile, the fertilizer can be provided for fruit trees, and other crops can be interplanted (for example, when in an orange garden, annual crops are selected preferably, straws can be used as green manure of an orchard after the crops are harvested, so that the purpose of improving organic matters of the orchard is achieved, the crops mainly comprise short-stem plants such as soybeans, peanuts, watermelons, bitter turnips, ageratum thistles and the like, the land and sunlight can be effectively utilized, the orchard is used for cultivating the gardens, otherwise, the crops such as high stalks, climbing edges and the like needing to be built are not suitable for being planted in the orange garden, the crops such as pumpkin, sweet potatoes, pachyrhizus and the like with strong water and fertilizer absorption are not suitable, and the distance of 60-80cm is kept when in interplanting.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting seedlings
Collectively placing the seedlings in a containing frame for later use;
step 2: fertilizing
Fully mixing the fertilizers, and uniformly scattering the fertilizers on the soil through a scattering device or artificial fertilization;
and step 3: covering fertilizer
Covering the fertilizer by a plowing device;
and 4, step 4: planting
Punching in soil by using a punching device;
and 5: backfilling
Carrying out soil filling operation on the planting pits;
step 6: irrigation
Performing spraying type operation by using a water spraying device;
and 7: pruning
Trimming the redundant branches on the seedlings;
and 8: pest management
Through biological control or low toxicity pesticide new variety.
2. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the seedling selection needs to select fruit seedlings with developed root systems, less mechanical damage and no plant diseases and insect pests, and the fruit seedlings are preferably purchased by a normal fruit seedling supply department when being purchased, so that the variety purity of the fruit seedlings is ensured, and whether the fruit seedlings have diseased spots or not is observed.
3. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, fertilizer particles need to be screened, fertilizers with the same or similar particle sizes are mixed through a professional screening device, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is proportioned according to specific plant types, for example, citrus is adopted, and primary fruit trees generally apply 15-22.5 kg of pure nitrogen per mu every year; the fruit containing trees are fertilizer calculated according to the yield, 10-15 kg of pure nitrogen is applied to every 1000 kg of fruits per year, the organic fertilizer accounts for a certain proportion, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the fertilizer is 1: 0.2-0.4: 0.7-1, the application amount of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is calculated according to the proportion, the application amount needs to be properly adjusted according to the soil fertility and the growth vigor of the fruit trees, the conditional orchard can guide the fertilization through a nutrition diagnosis method, meanwhile, the stirring device is used for stirring, the inside of the stirring device is cleaned, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, a professional plowing device needs to be used for turning over the soil before the fertilization, and then the fertilization is carried out.
4. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step 3, the mechanical device in the step 2 is used for secondary soil turning, the fertilizer is covered, and the covered fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, namely a controlled release fertilizer (the fertilizer is wrapped by a polyethylene oxide film).
5. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: planting in the step 4, wherein the fruit seedlings are dipped with rooting water and carbendazim before planting, then vertically placed in the planting holes, when earthing up, the plants are slightly lifted to stretch the root systems of the fruit seedlings, attention needs to be paid to no overlarge force, peripheral soil layers are slightly pressed by feet when the seedlings are lifted, and planting water is poured thoroughly after planting; the method comprises the following steps that (1) in a place with large wind in an orchard site, after planting, small bamboo poles can be inserted into soil to tie fruit seedlings to the bamboo poles for fixing, so that the seedlings are prevented from being broken by wind, a planting hole with the depth of 50cm is dug in the soil, a proper amount of farmyard manure and fine ash mixture (the fine ash is ash generated after plant supporting rods are burnt) can be placed at the hole bottom of a place with poor soil layer, and then the mixture is covered with fine ash with the thickness of 5-6 cm for isolation; the direct contact between the root system of the fruit seedling and the soil doped with the fertilizer is avoided; thereby causing the root burning phenomenon; if the garden is low in geographical position and water is easy to accumulate in the orchard, the orchard needs to be opened, ridged and planted by a base planting method.
6. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the irrigation in the step 6 needs to be noticed that the newly planted seedlings do not need to be applied with any fertilizer water, a small amount of thin liquid manure is poured after the root systems of the fruit seedlings start to stretch, the seedling watering work is determined according to the local current weather conditions, watering is gradually carried out once every few days until half a month and more, and the water supply of the fruit seedlings is ensured.
7. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 7, for the trimming of the seedlings, when the trunk of the fruit seedlings grows to 60 cm, the trunk can be arranged to be pinched and centered, and the trunk can promote lateral bud branching after the trunk is centered; gradually growing up with the lateral branches; reserving 3 to 4 robust spring shoots as side main branches (spring shoots) according to different directions; removing redundant spring shoots, and pinching off the lateral branches again to promote branching (summer shoots) when the lateral branches grow to about 20 centimeters; selecting 1-2 sharp shoots on each main lateral branch as the lateral branches, and leaving 7-8 sharp shoots on each citrus sapling; after the summer shoots are long, pinching is also required; the method is used for cultivating bearing branches of fruit trees; the growth of the autumn tips can be promoted after the pinching of the summer tips, the quantity of the selected and remained autumn tips is controlled to be the quantity of two branches remained on each summer tip, redundant autumn tip branches with poor growth and development and late autumn tips which germinate after entering autumn are cut off timely, and the additional consumption of nutrition of fruit trees is reduced.
8. A seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 8, the seedlings are easy to be attacked by leaf miners, red spiders and bee butterfly larvae through pest and disease damage treatment; if the leaf miner is found on the seedling, the leaf miner can be controlled by cyromazine and carbendazim; when red spiders are found, anthelmintic such as miticide and chlorfenapyr can be sprayed for prevention and treatment; if the bee butterfly larvae are infected, pesticides such as cyhalothrin can be sprayed for control, meanwhile, some poultry such as chickens and the like can be cultivated in the orchard, the pests can be placed, meanwhile, fertilizers can be provided for fruit trees, and other crops can be interplanted (for example, when in interplanting of a citrus orchard, annual crops are preferably selected, straws can be used as green manure of the orchard after the crops are harvested, so that the purpose of improving organic matters of the orchard is achieved, the crops mainly comprise short-stem plants such as soybeans, peanuts, watermelons, bitter turnips, ageratum thistles and the like, the land and sunlight can be effectively utilized, the orchard is used for cultivating, otherwise, the crops such as high stems, climbing edges and the like needing to be built are not suitable for being planted in the citrus orchard, the crops such as pumpkins, sweet potatoes, pachyrhizus and the like with strong water and fertilizer absorbing capacity are not suitable, and the distance of 60-80cm is kept when in interplanting.
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