CN113647299B - Polygonatum kingianum planting method in under-forest herb co-cultivation mode - Google Patents
Polygonatum kingianum planting method in under-forest herb co-cultivation mode Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention relates to a Polygonatum kingianum planting method in a forest herb co-cultivation mode, and belongs to the technical field of bionic planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The invention adopts a symbiotic co-cultivation mode of the medicinal herbs under the forest, selects a proper forest land suitable for the Polygonatum kingianum to plant the Polygonatum kingianum, does not form ridges, and plants Polygonatum kingianum seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 30 cm; after the next year, the rootstock is pointed and cultivated every year; the whole planting period adopts the symbiotic co-cultivation management of the herbs, the water reserved by the weeds is used for providing normal growth of the Polygonatum kingianum, and meanwhile grass seeds are removed through grass cutting management to enable the weeds to break, control the weed reproduction and inhibit excessive growth of the weeds; no pesticide is applied, no fertilizer is applied, and humus such as fallen leaves, dried branches and the like is used as fertilizer; can be harvested after planting for 4-5 years. The invention is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, builds an artificial ecological system of Polygonatum kingianum, forest and grass, is a simulated cultivation and autonomous innovative ecological planting method, and provides technical support for large-scale ecological planting of Polygonatum kingianum under the forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, in particular to a Polygonatum kingianum planting method in a under-forest herb co-cultivation mode.
Background
Polygonatum kingianum Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et hemsl, a perennial herb of the genus Polygonatum of the family Liliaceae, is one of the origins of the traditional Chinese medicine Polygonatum kingianum. Rhizoma Polygonati is a common traditional Chinese medicine, and has a drug history of over 2000 in China. Sweet and neutral in nature, enters lung, spleen and kidney meridians. Has effects of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, moistening heart and lung, and strengthening tendons and bones. For deficiency cold and heat, tuberculosis hemoptysis, weak food, weak bones and muscles, rheumatalgia, wind-cold-heat tinea, it is a yin-nourishing product; pharmacological studies in recent years show that, besides the effects, polygonatum sibiricum has an antibacterial effect, particularly has a remarkable effect on tubercle bacillus and fungi, and also has the effect of reducing blood pressure; recent research results also show that the rhizoma polygonati has obvious effects of increasing coronary blood flow, reducing atherosclerosis degree and improving superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver. With the increase of the demand of the market on the medicinal material rhizoma polygonati and the rapid decrease of wild resources, the market demand of the wild rhizoma polygonati can not be met by the collection of the wild rhizoma polygonati.
The Polygonatum kingianum is lovely and is photophobic, and naturally grows in a wet and shadow forest, a shrub or a hillside shade, so that the Polygonatum kingianum is very suitable for being planted in the forest due to biological and ecological characteristics. The method is very suitable for planting the Polygonatum kingianum in a mountain forest area with wide Yunnan, and ecological planting under the Polygonatum kingianum is an ecological planting mode for simulating the growth environment of the wild Polygonatum kingianum. The canopy density of the planted forest area is 60-70%, the content of organic matters in soil under the forest is high, sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of the Polygonatum kingianum, meanwhile, the variety of vegetation under the forest is multiple, the single group of artificial planting is avoided, and a good ecological environment is provided for the growth of the Polygonatum kingianum. The Polygonatum kingianum is planted in each region of Yunnan province, the Polygonatum kingianum is artificially cultivated in about 2010, and the Polygonatum kingianum is planted for 50000 mu in 2019, wherein the number of the planted Polygonatum kingianum is about 1/4.
The Chinese patent with the application number of 20201615271. X and the name of "a method for planting Polygonatum kingianum under a forest" discloses a method for planting Polygonatum kingianum under a forest, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting land according to growth characteristics of rhizoma Polygonati, and each 667m before tillage 2 3000kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied, deep ploughing, fine raking and leveling are carried out, soil disinfection treatment is carried out by using Shennongdan or carbendazim during ploughing, shennongdan is applied above a 15Cm soil layer, flat or high furrows are made, the furrow width is 120-130 Cm, the furrow width is 90-100 Cm, the furrow height is 10-20 Cm, the furrow direction is good for early and late positive, direct light in noon is avoided, root-like stems are adopted for propagation, and seeds can be used for propagation; the method is characterized in that: the field management is that the cultivation weeding is carried out during the growth period of the Polygonatum sibiricum Red plant; topdressing is carried out by combining intertillage each year, and 1000-1500kg of high-quality fertilizers are applied to the animals each time; the field needs to be kept in a wet state frequently, and watering should be carried out in time when the field meets drought climate, and waterlogging is drained in time when the field is rainy; the flower buds are picked up in time before the flower buds are formed, and 500-600 times of wettable powder of 1:1:100 Boedout liquid or 65% zineb can be sprayed in summer at intervals of 5-7 daysOnce, 2-3 times continuously, and can be used for preventing and treating leaf spot.
The patent application number 201810295855.X, the name of which is a method for planting Polygonatum kingianum in a forest to resist lodging, discloses a method for planting Polygonatum kingianum in a forest to resist lodging. The method is to cut off branches in good time to keep the transparency between 25% and 30% in forest, and cut off all stems and leaves of Polygonatum kingianum when the plant population of the aerial parts of Polygonatum kingianum is 8% -12% dry yellow in the last 10 months each year, so as to prevent the consumption of the nutrients of stems and leaves in advance and promote the growth and robustness of the overwintering buds of the underground parts.
The application number is 201811326894.8, and the Chinese patent with the name of "a large-scale planting method of organic Polygonatum kingianum under an artificial pine forest" discloses a large-scale planting method of organic Polygonatum kingianum under an artificial pine forest. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting artificial pine forest suitable for growth of Polygonatum kingianum, soil environment quality, irrigation water quality and environmental air quality meeting national standards, planting Polygonatum kingianum under the artificial pine forest, applying a rotten farmyard manure as a base fertilizer, keeping light transmittance under the forest to be 25-30%, covering the ground for planting the Polygonatum kingianum in the middle and last ten days of 11 months each year with pine needles, keeping the water content of the soil to be more than 25%, preventing and treating leaf spot or brown spot by using a copper hydroxide solution, preventing and treating root rot by using a Boerdosol, sucking chaff or small land tiger pests to gnaw by planting Chinese cabbage at the edge of the forest land, and preventing and treating larvae by combining a matrine agent, a sweet and sour solution and a matrine agent to mix to form a venom trap and kill adults.
The patent application number 201610235829.9, named "a method for planting Polygonatum kingianum under a pinus sylvestris" discloses a method for planting Polygonatum kingianum under a pinus sylvestris. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing tubers: cutting rhizoma Polygonati with tender buds into small pieces, each piece having 1-2 buds; step 2, optionally preparing land: selecting artificial or wild pinus sylvestris, namely, sandy loam which requires that soil is rich and loose, well discharged and rich in humus and a wet land block, and ploughing the land, then making furrows and digging holes, wherein each hole is 26-34 cm; step 3, planting: firstly, a carriage with the width of 0.8-1.2m and the height of 26-34 cm is opened on the prepared ground, a pit is dug according to the line spacing of 26-34 cm and the pit spacing of 26-34 cm, the pit depth is required to be 8-12 cm, the pit bottoms are flat, 3 tubers are planted in each pit, the pit bottoms are evenly arranged, each stalk is close to each bud mouth and upwards, 5-6 cm of fine fertilizer soil or fire ash is covered after planting, and the manure water of the thin people and livestock is watered once; step 4, field management: cultivating, weeding, timely irrigation and drainage and topdressing.
The application number is 201410782109.5, and the Chinese patent with the name of 'a wild-imitating planting method under Polygonatum kingianum forest' discloses a wild-imitating planting method under Polygonatum kingianum forest. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: (1) seedling selection: selecting root-like stems with the diameter of 3-8cm and white Huang Ju without decay as seedlings; (2) sand bed germination accelerating: setting up a sand bed pool with the width of 150cm and the depth of 25cm, laying river sand with the thickness of 5cm at the bottom, treating wound surfaces of selected polygonatum kingianum seedling tubers with plant ash, using 5ppm gibberellic acid and 5ppm indolebutyric acid for germination accelerating and rooting treatment, densely placing the bud ring spots on the sand bed, covering sand for 3cm, placing a layer of seed blocks in the same way, covering sand for 3cm, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, keeping the relative air humidity at 65%, starting germination or forming bud groups when the ground temperature is 15 ℃, forming new roots after the moisture reaches 40% -60%, transplanting the seedlings with embryo leaves in the forests before the rainy season, and breaking dormancy of part of rootstocks when the embryo leaves are formed for the second year of leaf sequence, and the sand bed germination accelerating process. (3) under-forest planting comprising: preparing land: clearing up small shrubs, small trees, vine plants and weeds, reserving the trees with the chest diameter of more than 5cm, clearing up underground parts of the small shrubs, the small trees, the vine plants and the weeds, and then ditching along the contour lines of the woodland: the width of the groove is 12-20 cm, the depth is 12-15 cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 20-25 cm; planting: digging seedlings with rotavirus leaf sequences formed in a sand bed before a rainy season, if overground parts are too high, sharpening and retaining 4-5 leaf sequences, the spacing between the seedlings is 20-25 cm, tubers are placed in parallel with ditches, and earthing is carried out for 5cm; and (3) fertilization: applying 70 kg/mu of mixed fertilizer of calcium superphosphate and 45% compound fertilizer in a ratio of 1:5 and 10 g-15 g/mu of trace element fertilizer when the rootstalk begins to expand in 7 months, wherein the fertilizer application method comprises the steps of removing grass impurities between furrows, spreading fertilizer at the position of 2cm between furrows and seedlings, and covering the fertilizer with a shallow hoe; removing diseases: in order to remove stem rot and rust, 1000 times of methyl thiophanate and 1000 times of triazolone are used for spraying before rainy season, the liquid medicine amount is 80 kg/mu, and the spraying is carried out for three times at intervals of 7-10 days; weeding: removing small shrubs on the overground parts, small trees with the chest diameter below 5cm, vine plants and weeds from 12 months to 1 month each year.
However, the prior art is a common operation focused on the cultivation under the Polygonatum kingianum forest, belongs to a conventional agricultural cultivation mode, is used for the Polygonatum kingianum cultivation, and has the problems of low yield, high labor cost in the cultivation process and the like; meanwhile, in dry seasons, in order to ensure the moist growth environment of Polygonatum kingianum, a sprinkling irrigation facility is required to be added for manual watering, and the planting cost is further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a Polygonatum kingianum planting method in a under-forest herb co-cultivation mode, which can effectively utilize under-forest land, utilize water of weed conservation to supply normal growth of Polygonatum kingianum in dry seasons, and simultaneously remove grass seeds through grass pruning management to enable weeds to break generations, control weed reproduction and inhibit overgrowth of weeds; no pesticide is applied, no fertilizer is applied, and humus such as fallen leaves, dried branches and the like is used as fertilizer; the artificial ecological system of Polygonatum kingianum, forest and grass is constructed, and the ecological planting method is a pseudo-environment cultivation and has autonomous innovation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the method for planting the Polygonatum kingianum in the under-forest herb co-cultivation mode, the under-forest herb co-cultivation mode is adopted, a proper forest land is selected for planting the Polygonatum kingianum in a growth area suitable for the Polygonatum kingianum, and the Polygonatum kingianum is not weeding in the planting period, so that the water in the planting area is maintained by the herb, and the growth of Polygonatum kingianum seedlings is promoted; before the weeds seed, removing the weeds with the length of more than 20cm from the surface to allow the weeds to break to control overgrowth of the weeds, and repeating the weed treatment for 3-5 times until the Polygonatum kingianum seedlings fall in autumn and winter; the Polygonatum kingianum can be harvested after being planted for 4-5 years.
Further, selecting a suitable forest in a growth area suitable for Polygonatum kingianum means: selecting a forest land with an altitude of 700-3600m, wherein the spacing between trees in the forest is more than 4-5 m; the tree forest can be tea tree forest, pine forest, birch tree forest, walnut tree forest, fir tree forest or water melon tree forest; the woodland soil is preferably loose sandy loam.
Furthermore, before Polygonatum kingianum is planted, sundries such as shrubs, vines, stones and the like in the lateral branches and the woodland of the trees need to be removed, so that Polygonatum kingianum planting and woodland management are facilitated.
Further, the Polygonatum kingianum is planted under the forest: the seedling of Polygonatum kingianum is planted according to the plant row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 30cm without ridging, and the seedling can be selected from seed seedling or rhizome seedling.
Furthermore, the seedling is preferably a 2-year old healthy pest-free seed seedling.
Furthermore, the rhizome seedlings should be selected for 3-4 years, the terminal buds are full and hypertrophic, the color is Huang Run, no damage trace is caused, and the stem nodes are more than 3 stem nodes; wherein, the rhizome seedling is selected to be the rhizome with the length of more than 5cm and 1-2 buds, the cross section is smeared with plant ash, and the rhizome seedling can be transplanted under the forest after being dried.
Further, the Polygonatum kingianum is subjected to sharpening and rootstock cultivation: and after the Polygonatum kingianum is planted for the next year, when the Polygonatum kingianum emerges and grows to 1m in height, leaves have 2-4 rounds, the top buds of the Polygonatum kingianum are pinched off to inhibit top advantages, promote nutrient transfer to the rhizome, and repeat the steps each year until harvesting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention constructs an artificial ecological system of Polygonatum kingianum, forest and grass. The method can effectively utilize the land under the forest, the moisture which is reserved by weeds is utilized to supply the normal growth of the Polygonatum kingianum in dry seasons, a spray irrigation system is not required to be erected to reduce the cost, grass seeds are removed through grass cutting management, weed reproduction is controlled, excessive growth of weeds is restrained, the overground parts are restrained from overgrowing through sharpening the Polygonatum kingianum, the growth of underground medicinal parts is promoted, pesticides are not sprayed, fertilizer is not applied, and humus such as fallen leaves, dried branches and the like are used as fertilizer; the cost of Polygonatum kingianum planting can be obviously reduced, the pharmacodynamic active ingredients and yield of Polygonatum kingianum are improved, an organic safe Polygonatum kingianum product is provided, and the economic income of a planter is obviously increased.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding by the skilled person.
The method is practically implemented at the two places of the champion point and the Zhenyuan point respectively, and the Polygonatum kingianum herb co-cultivation mode (example) and the common woodland planting mode (comparative example) are subjected to comparative analysis.
Example 1
The method of the present invention (example 1) and the planting implementation of the ordinary woodland planting mode (comparative example 1) were performed respectively at the test base of the Yunnan traditional Chinese medicine university in the Panlong district of Kunming, yunnan province.
(1) And (3) tree forest selection: and 5, 1 month in 2015, selecting 15 mu of mixed forests such as water white gourd, chestnut tree and the like. The altitude is 1950-2100 m. The spacing between trees in the forest land is more than 4-5 meters, and the soil is loose black loam.
(2) Clearing the forest: removing sundries such as shrubs, vines, stones and the like on the side branches of the forest and in the forest land, and moving to the edge of the forest land.
(3) Planting under the forest: along the horizontal direction, no ridging is carried out, 2-year-old Polygonatum kingianum seedlings are planted according to the plant row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 30cm, and 5000 plants are planted in 1 mu;
(4) Rhizoma polygonati cutting and rhizome nourishing: 3 months in 2016, after the Polygonatum kingianum emerges, the height is as long as 1m, the leaves have 2-4 rounds, the top buds of the Polygonatum kingianum are pinched off by hands for 1 time to inhibit top dominance and promote nutrient transfer to the rhizome, and the steps are repeated each year until harvesting;
(5) And (5) symbiotic and co-cultivation management of herbs: before weeds seed, 5-10 months before the weeds seed, using a grass cutter or a sickle to remove the weeds with the surface of more than 20cm and transporting the weeds out of a planting field to destroy the weeds; repeating the steps for 3-5 times every year until the Polygonatum kingianum seedlings are poured out in the middle and late ten days of 11 months; repeating this step annually thereafter until harvested;
(6) The fertilizer is not applied with pesticides and fertilizer, and humus such as fallen leaves, dried branches and the like is used as fertilizer.
(7) Harvesting: digging in 2019, 11 months.
Common woodland planting mode:
(1) And (3) tree forest selection: and 5, 1 month in 2015, selecting 15 mu of mixed forests such as water white gourd, chestnut tree and the like. The altitude is 1950-2100 m. The spacing between trees in the forest land is more than 4-5 meters, and the soil is loose black loam.
(2) Preparing land: cleaning small shrubs, small trees and vine plants, weeds, retaining the trees with the chest diameter of more than 5cm, and simultaneously cleaning underground parts of the small shrubs, the small trees, the vine plants and the weeds.
(3) Ridging: then ditching along the contour line of the forest land: the width of the groove is 12-20 cm, the depth is 12-15 cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 20-25 cm;
(4) Planting: digging seedlings with rotavirus leaf sequences formed in a sand bed before a rainy season, if overground parts are too high, sharpening and retaining 4-5 leaf sequences, the spacing between the seedlings is 20-25 cm, tubers are placed in parallel with ditches, and earthing is carried out for 5cm;
(5) And (3) fertilization: applying 70 kg/mu of mixed fertilizer of calcium superphosphate and 45% compound fertilizer in a ratio of 1:5 and 10 g-15 g/mu of trace element fertilizer when the rootstalk begins to expand in 7 months, wherein the fertilizer application method comprises the steps of removing grass impurities between furrows, spreading fertilizer at the position of 2cm between furrows and seedlings, and covering the fertilizer with a shallow hoe;
(6) Removing diseases: in order to remove stem rot and rust, 1000 times of methyl thiophanate and 1000 times of triazolone are used for spraying before rainy season, the liquid medicine amount is 80 kg/mu, and the spraying is carried out for three times at intervals of 7-10 days;
(7) Weeding: removing small shrubs on the overground parts, small trees with the chest diameter below 5cm, vine plants and weeds from 12 months to 1 month each year.
(8) And (3) water management: the field needs to be kept in a wet state frequently, and watering should be carried out in time when the field meets drought climate, and waterlogging is drained in time when the field is rainy;
(9) Harvesting: digging in 2019, 11 months.
Example 2
The present example was completed in the Cooperation test base of the Pu' er Yuan county, yunnan traditional Chinese medicine university, and was carried out in the planting mode of the method of the present invention (example 1) and the ordinary woodland (comparative example 1).
(1) And (3) tree forest selection: walnut tree forest was selected 12 months 2015. The elevation is 1700-2050 m. The distance between walnut trees is about 6 meters, and the soil is loose black loam.
(2) Clearing the forest: removing sundries such as shrubs, vines, stones and the like on the side branches of the walnut tree forest and in the forest land, and moving the sundries to the edge of the forest land in 1 month 2016.
(3) Planting under the forest: along the horizontal direction, no ridging is carried out, the plant spacing is 25cm multiplied by 30cm in 2016 years, 2-year-old Polygonatum kingianum seedlings are planted, and 4000 plants are planted in 1 mu;
(4) Rhizoma polygonati cutting and rhizome nourishing: 3 months in 2017, after the Polygonatum kingianum seedlings, the height of the Polygonatum kingianum is as long as 1m, the leaves are 2-4 rounds, the top buds of the Polygonatum kingianum are pinched off by hand for 1 time to inhibit top dominance and promote nutrient transfer to the rhizome, and the steps are repeated every year until harvesting;
(5) And (5) symbiotic and co-cultivation management of herbs: before weeds seed, 5-10 months before the weeds seed, using a grass cutter to remove the weeds with the surface of 20cm or more and transporting the weeds out of the planting field to destroy the weeds; repeating the steps for 3-5 times until the Polygonatum kingianum seedlings are poured out in the middle and late ten days of 11 months; repeating this step annually thereafter until harvested;
(6) The fertilizer is not applied with pesticides and fertilizer, and humus such as fallen leaves, dried branches and the like is used as fertilizer.
(7) Harvesting: collected in the year 2020, 12.
Common woodland planting mode:
(1) And (3) tree forest selection: walnut tree forest was selected 12 months 2015. The elevation is 1700-2050 m. The distance between walnut trees is about 6 meters, and the soil is loose black loam.
(2) Preparing land: cleaning small shrubs, small trees and vine plants, weeds, retaining the trees with the chest diameter of more than 5cm, and simultaneously cleaning underground parts of the small shrubs, the small trees, the vine plants and the weeds.
(3) Ridging: then ditching along the contour line of the forest land: the width of the groove is 12-20 cm, the depth is 12-15 cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 20-25 cm;
(4) Planting: digging seedlings with rotavirus leaf sequences formed in a sand bed before a rainy season, if overground parts are too high, sharpening and retaining 4-5 leaf sequences, the spacing between the seedlings is 20-25 cm, tubers are placed in parallel with ditches, and earthing is carried out for 5cm;
(5) And (3) fertilization: applying 70 kg/mu of mixed fertilizer of calcium superphosphate and 45% compound fertilizer in a ratio of 1:5 and 10 g-15 g/mu of trace element fertilizer when the rootstalk begins to expand in 7 months, wherein the fertilizer application method comprises the steps of removing grass impurities between furrows, spreading fertilizer at the position of 2cm between furrows and seedlings, and covering the fertilizer with a shallow hoe;
(6) Removing diseases: in order to remove stem rot and rust, 1000 times of methyl thiophanate and 1000 times of triazolone are used for spraying before rainy season, the liquid medicine amount is 80 kg/mu, and the spraying is carried out for three times at intervals of 7-10 days;
(7) Weeding: removing small shrubs on the overground parts, small trees with the chest diameter below 5cm, vine plants and weeds from 12 months to 1 month each year.
(8) And (3) water management: the field needs to be kept in a wet state frequently, and watering should be carried out in time when the field meets drought climate, and waterlogging is drained in time when the field is rainy;
(9) Harvesting: collected in the year 2020, 12.
According to the embodiment, through two-place practice of the champion point and the Zhenyuan point, compared with a common forest land planting mode, the Polygonatum kingianum herb co-cultivation mode (1) can utilize water reserved by weeds to supply the Polygonatum kingianum to normally grow, and a spray irrigation system is not required to be erected, so that the cost is reduced; (2) Grass seeds are removed through grass pruning management, so that weed generation breaking, weed propagation control, excessive weed growth inhibition and height suppression are realized, and normal growth of Polygonatum kingianum is not affected; (3) The rhizoma polygonati is tipped to inhibit overground parts (stems and leaves) from overgrowing, promote the growth of underground medicinal parts, increase the yield of the rhizoma polygonati and improve the activity; (4) The herb co-cultivation mode does not need pesticides and fertilizers, and humus such as herb symbiotic co-cultivation, sharpening, forest land defoliation and the like is used as the fertilizer, so that the content, quality and yield of the pharmacodynamic active ingredients of the Polygonatum kingianum can be effectively improved; and (5) organic environmental protection of the product: the produced Polygonatum kingianum is an organic green food.
Ordinary under-forest planting mode: the mode must weed, if not weed, weed reproduction is particularly vigorous, weeds cover the whole planting area for 1-2 years, the growth of Polygonatum kingianum is threatened, and the Polygonatum kingianum dies when serious, so that planting failure and pesticide loss are caused. In addition, the mode exists: (1) high cost: a. watering facilities, pesticides, fertilizers and other materials; b. a great deal of labor force is needed for manual weeding, pesticide spraying, chemical fertilizer spraying and watering management. (2) the product is not organic: because pesticides, fertilizers and the like are used, the product is not an organic green product, and is contrary to the original purpose of planting under forests. (3) not environment-friendly and ecological: a. weeding results in reduced species diversity and reduced species types of natural enemies of Polygonatum kingianum pests such as bees, flies, fungi, bacteria and the like. b. The environment is polluted by using pesticides, fertilizers and the like. (4) low yield: the income per mu is only 14000-15000 yuan, the removal cost is very low, and the profit is far lower than 40000 yuan per mu of the herb co-cultivation mode.
Table 1 results of under-forest planting test (x±s, n=3)
Note that: coiling: the calculation formula of the herb co-cultivation mode expenditure is as follows: seedling cost: 5000 plants 0.8 element = 4000 element; grass fee: 300 yuan/mu.4 years = 1200 yuan, 4 years expenditure totals 5200 yuan/mu.
The expenditure calculation formula of the common understory planting mode is as follows: seedling cost: 5000 plants 0.8 element = 4000 element; pesticide fertilizer cost 500 yuan x 4 years = 2000 yuan; watering and weeding cost 1200 yuan/mu are 4 years = 4800 yuan, and 4 years expenditure total 10800 yuan/mu.
Ballasting point: the calculation formula of the herb co-cultivation mode expenditure is as follows: seedling cost: 5000 plants 0.8 element = 4000 element; grass fee: 200 yuan/mu.4 years = 800 yuan, 4 years expenditure total 4800 yuan/mu.
The expenditure calculation formula of the common understory planting mode is as follows: seedling cost: 5000 plants 0.8 element = 4000 element; pesticide fertilizer cost 500 yuan x 4 years = 2000 yuan; watering and weeding cost 800 yuan/mu are 4 years=3200 yuan, and 4 years expenditure total 9200 yuan/mu.
The method constructs the artificial ecological system of Polygonatum kingianum, forest and grass, and maintains the rich species diversity of the forest region. The method can effectively utilize the land under the forest, the water reserved by weeds is used for normally growing the Polygonatum kingianum in dry seasons, a spray irrigation system is not required to be erected to reduce the cost, grass seeds are removed through grass cutting management, weed reproduction is controlled, excessive growth of weeds is restrained, overground parts are restrained from overgrowing through sharpening the Polygonatum kingianum, growth of underground medicinal parts is promoted, the pharmaceutically active ingredients and the yield of the Polygonatum kingianum can be remarkably improved, the produced Polygonatum kingianum product is an organic green food, the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious, and the economic income of farmers can be remarkably increased. Is popular with Polygonatum kingianum growers in vast forest areas.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A Polygonatum kingianum planting method in a forestation herb co-cultivation mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adopting a symbiotic co-cultivation mode of the under-forest herbs, selecting a proper forest land suitable for the Polygonatum kingianum to plant the Polygonatum kingianum, not ridging, and planting Polygonatum kingianum seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 30cm, wherein the seedlings are selected from seeds or rhizome seedlings;
the Polygonatum kingianum does not weed during the planting period, and the water in the planting field is reserved by grass, so that the growth of Polygonatum kingianum seedlings is promoted;
the next year after the Polygonatum kingianum is planted, when the Polygonatum kingianum emerges and grows to 1m in height and leaves have 2-4 rounds, the top buds of the Polygonatum kingianum are cut off to inhibit top advantages, promote nutrient transfer to the rhizome, and repeat the steps each year until harvesting;
before the weeds seed, removing the weeds with the length of more than 20cm from the surface and transporting the weeds out of the planting field to be destroyed, removing the weed seeds to break the generation of the weeds so as to control the overgrowth of the weeds, and repeating the weed treatment for 3-5 times each year until the Polygonatum kingianum seedlings are fallen in autumn and winter;
the Polygonatum kingianum can be harvested after being planted for 4-5 years.
2. The method for planting Polygonatum kingianum in an under-forest herb co-cultivation mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the suitable woodland is: woodland with the elevation of 700-3600m, and the spacing between trees in the woodland is more than 4-5 meters; the forest land is tea tree forest, pine forest, birch tree forest, walnut tree forest, fir tree forest or water melon tree forest; the woodland soil is loose sandy loam.
3. The method for planting Polygonatum kingianum in a co-cultivation mode of under-forest herbs according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before Polygonatum kingianum is planted, shrubs, vines and stone impurities in the lateral branches and the woodland of the trees need to be removed, so that Polygonatum kingianum planting and woodland management are facilitated.
4. The method for planting Polygonatum kingianum in an under-forest herb co-cultivation mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedlings are selected from 2 years old healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests.
5. The method for planting Polygonatum kingianum in an under-forest herb co-cultivation mode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rhizome seedlings are selected for 3-4 years, the terminal buds are full and fat and have a color of Huang Run, no scars are damaged, and the number of the stem knots is more than 3; wherein, the rhizome seedling is selected to be rhizome with the length of more than 5cm and 1-2 buds, the cross section is smeared with plant ash, and the rhizome seedling is transplanted under the forest after being dried.
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