CN114586622A - High-efficiency cultivation technique for polygonatum sibiricum under forest by semi-wild cultivation - Google Patents
High-efficiency cultivation technique for polygonatum sibiricum under forest by semi-wild cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114586622A CN114586622A CN202210352278.XA CN202210352278A CN114586622A CN 114586622 A CN114586622 A CN 114586622A CN 202210352278 A CN202210352278 A CN 202210352278A CN 114586622 A CN114586622 A CN 114586622A
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- 241000037831 Polygonatum sibiricum Species 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005739 Bordeaux mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical group C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001468611 Polygonatum cyrtonema Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 4
- YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000756042 Polygonatum Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000234280 Liliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sealwort under-forest semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting forest lands: selecting loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, and good drainage and water retention performance, yellow soil or red soil with ventilation and light transmission and pH value of 6.5-7.5, and forest land with gradient of 25-40 deg or built flat zone; s2, selection and treatment of seed stems: selecting strong, yellow-moist, disease-free, insect-free, non-broken and terminal bud rhizome of rhizoma polygonati for planting, cutting the young part at the tip into a plurality of sections, wherein each section has 2 sections with 1-3 bud eyes, the weight is about 50 g, and the cut needs to be dipped or soaked by liquid medicine, dried, harvested and planted. The dry branches and fallen leaves and animal and plant corpses of the cultivation method provide enough nutrients for the growth of the sealwort, reduce the management and protection work such as labor employment, fertilization, building frames, weeding and the like, breed seedlings and seeds, realize high efficiency and sustainability and reduce the total cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polygonatum cultivation, in particular to a polygonatum forest semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology.
Background
Rhizoma Polygonati is a perennial plant of Liliaceae, and is a good medicine used as both medicine and food with effects of nourishing yin, moistening lung, invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, and replenishing kidney essence. In recent years, with the medicinal value and the health care value of polygonatum being more and more known, the demand of polygonatum cyrtonema raw materials is more and more, the price is continuously increased, the planned collection amount of wild polygonatum cyrtonema is increased, the resource exhaustion is accelerated, the yield is reduced year by year, and the artificial planting is imperative.
The existing artificial cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema is usually carried out by a placement method, rhizomes of polygonatum cyrtonema are placed horizontally, buds of polygonatum cyrtonema are upward for planting, the yield is higher than that of wild polygonatum cyrtonema, the cost for cultivating the polygonatum cyrtonema essence is increased, the labor intensity of a human body is increased, and the management time is prolonged, so that the technology for cultivating the polygonatum cyrtonema under the semi-wild polygonatum cyrtonema forest is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiments of the present invention are intended to provide a semi-wild cultivation technique for polygonatum sibiricum under forest, so as to solve or alleviate the technical problems in the prior art, and to provide at least one useful choice.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is realized as follows: the semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for the polygonatum sibiricum under forest comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting forest lands: selecting loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, and good drainage and water retention performance, yellow soil or red soil with ventilation and light transmission and pH value of 6.5-7.5, and forest land with gradient of 25-40 deg or built flat zone;
s2, selection and treatment of seed stems: selecting strong, yellow-moist, disease-free, insect-free, non-broken and terminal bud rhizome of rhizoma polygonati as a seed, cutting a young and tender part at the front end into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is 2 sections, has 1-3 bud eyes, and is about 50 g in weight, and after the cut is dipped or soaked by liquid medicine, the cut needs to be dried and pulp is collected and then planted;
s3, land preparation treatment of forest land: generally combining grass splitting and irrigation in autumn under the forest, wherein the soil preparation under the forest is carried out according to the mountain vigor, the gradient and the density of growth in the forest, or transverse ditches or holes are dug, and meanwhile, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves are buried in the soil to be rotted to be used as base fertilizer;
s4, planting and cultivating method: during cultivation, digging a pit with the depth of 10-15 cm and the width of 15-35 cm, and adopting an upper cover and a lower cushion to concentrate the surrounding humus soil in the cultivation pit and concentrate nutrient supply; removing low and short weed irrigation and weeds, adjusting shading degree to 65%, properly increasing illumination to promote growth, planting in spring and autumn, applying proper amount of base fertilizer, covering fine soil with thickness of about 2cm, placing seed stems flatly with bud holes upward, 1 plant per pit, covering soil, pressing, watering thoroughly, covering soil, watering for 3-5 days, keeping soil moist, and covering with rotten animal manure or ring manure after freezing.
S5, topdressing management: when the plant grows to 50cm, removing terminal buds; when the plant has buds, the buds and flowers are removed, and then fertilization is carried out; applying 10g-20g of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant;
s6, transplanting and harvesting: after the seeds of rhizoma polygonati are mature and fall down, seedlings emerge and grow, seedlings are left according to the plant-row spacing of 60cm after three years, the other seedlings are transplanted, when the rhizoma polygonati is collected, the latter half part is aged and processed into a commodity, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as the seeds, the overground part and fibrous roots are removed, silt is cleaned, the sizes are graded, transportation is reduced to ensure that the terminal buds are complete, the seeds are put into a steamer to be steamed for 10-20 min, and the seeds are taken out thoroughly or boiled in water and then are taken out, dried in the sun or dried to obtain the commercial medicinal material.
In some embodiments, in S1, the liquid medicine used for the sealwort incision is carbendazim solution (1:800) or thiophanate methyl solution (1:800), respectively, and is soaked for about 45 minutes and then planted.
In some examples, in S1, the cut of rhizoma Polygonati is dipped with plant mortar (pH 11-13) and planted, the cut is soaked in bordeaux mixture for 1-5 seconds, and the mixture is air dried and planted.
In some embodiments, in S2, the forest land is selected from the group consisting of a forest land free of plant diseases and insect pests, free of large-scale felling, rich in humus, cool and wet, and far from a pollution source and free of chemical weed killer.
In some embodiments, in the S3, the rectangular planting fields are arranged, the inter-plant distance is 60-70cm, the depth is 15cm, and drainage ditches are spaced according to the rectangle; and (3) leaving a 50 cm-wide ecological maintenance band between the two planting fields without finishing, and adjusting according to the pH value of the original soil to control the pH value to be about 5.5.
In some embodiments, in S4, the cultivation is performed in spring for 3 months and in autumn for 10-11 months.
In some embodiments, in S4, the plants are planted in late autumn, and after freezing, they are covered with decomposed animal manure or ring manure to help keep warm and live through winter, and after thawing the next year, the manure is broken and leveled, and before emergence, care is taken to keep the soil wet.
In some embodiments, in the S5, the total nutrient content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 30%, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20%.
In some embodiments, in S6, the top-bud-bearing part of the previous stage is cultivated as a seed (seed stem) in a forest land at the density mentioned above.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the dead branches and fallen leaves and animal and plant corpses of the cultivation method provide enough nutrients for the growth of the sealwort, so that the management and protection work such as labor employment, fertilization, frame building, weeding and the like is reduced, seedlings and seeds are bred, the high efficiency and the sustainability are realized, and the total cost is reduced.
The method disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out wild-like cultivation on the polygonatum sibiricum under the forest in a planned way, so that the farmland is not occupied, the number of people put into the forest is reduced, the various economy under the forest is favorably developed, the ecological environment is protected and improved, the yield of bamboo farmers is increased, and the polygonatum sibiricum planting way is expanded.
The foregoing summary is provided for the purpose of description only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the present invention will be readily apparent by reference to the drawings and following detailed description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or technical descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides: the semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for the polygonatum sibiricum under forest comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting forest lands: selecting loam, yellow soil or red soil with ventilation, light transmission and pH value of 6.5-7.5, which is moist and shaded and has a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil layer and good drainage and water retention performance, and a forest land with a slope of 25 degrees or a gentle zone;
s2, selection and treatment of seed stems: selecting strong, yellow-moist, disease-free, insect-free, peel-free and terminal bud rhizome of rhizoma polygonati for planting, cutting the young part at the tip into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is 2 sections with 1 bud eye, the weight is about 50 g, and the cut is planted after being dipped or soaked by liquid medicine and dried to collect pulp;
s3, land preparation treatment of forest land: generally combining grass splitting and irrigation in autumn under the forest, wherein the soil preparation under the forest is carried out according to the mountain vigor, the gradient and the density of growth in the forest, or transverse ditches or holes are dug, and meanwhile, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves are buried in the soil to be rotted to be used as base fertilizer;
s4, planting and cultivating method: during cultivation, digging a pit with the depth of 10 cm and the width of 15cm, and adopting an upper cover and a lower cushion to concentrate the surrounding humus soil in the cultivation pit and concentrate nutrient supply; removing low and short weed irrigation and weeds, adjusting shading degree to 65%, properly increasing illumination to promote growth, planting in spring and autumn, applying proper amount of base fertilizer, covering with fine soil about 2cm thick, placing seed stems flatly with bud holes upward, 1 plant per pit, covering soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, covering with soil, watering for 1 time after 3 days to keep soil moist, and covering with rotten livestock manure or ring manure after freezing.
S5, topdressing management: when the plant grows to 50cm, removing terminal buds; when the plant has buds, the buds and flowers are removed, and then fertilization is carried out; applying 10g of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant;
s6, transplanting and harvesting: after the seeds of rhizoma polygonati are mature and fall down, seedlings emerge and grow, seedlings are left according to the plant-row spacing of 60cm after three years, the other seedlings are transplanted, when the rhizoma polygonati is collected, the latter half part is aged and processed into a commodity, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as the seeds, the overground part and fibrous roots are removed, silt is cleaned, the sizes are graded, transportation is reduced to ensure that the terminal buds are complete, the seeds are put into a steamer to be steamed for 10min, and the seeds are taken out thoroughly or boiled in water and then are taken out, dried in the sun or dried to obtain the commercial medicinal material.
In some embodiments, in S1, the liquid medicine used for the sealwort incision is carbendazim solution (1:800) or thiophanate methyl solution (1:800), respectively, and is soaked for about 45 minutes and then planted.
In some embodiments, the cut of rhizoma Polygonati is dipped with plant-wood mortar (pH 11) and planted, the cut is soaked in Bordeaux mixture for 1 second, and the mixture is air dried and planted.
In some embodiments, the forest land is selected from the forest lands which are free of diseases and insect pests and large-scale felling, have rich humus, are cool and wet, are far away from pollution sources and are not applied with the chemical weed killer.
In some embodiments, the rectangular planting fields are arranged, the inter-plant distance of the plants is 60cm, the depth is 15cm, and drainage ditches are spaced according to the rectangle; and (3) leaving a 50 cm-wide ecological maintenance band between the two planting fields without finishing, and adjusting according to the pH value of the original soil to control the pH value to be about 5.5.
In some embodiments, the cultivation is performed in spring for 3 months and in autumn for 10-11 months.
In some embodiments, the plants planted in late autumn are covered with decomposed animal manure or ring manure after being frozen to facilitate warm keeping and overwintering, and after thawing in the next year, the manure pieces are broken and leveled, and care is taken to keep the soil moist before emergence.
In some embodiments, the total nutrient content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20 percent.
In some embodiments, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as a seed (seed stem) and is cultivated in the forest land nearby according to the density.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides: the high-efficiency cultivation technique for the polygonatum sibiricum under forest semi-wild conditions comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting forest lands: selecting loam, yellow soil or red soil with ventilation, light transmission and pH value of 6.5-7.5, which is moist and shaded and has a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil layer and good drainage and water retention performance, and building forest lands with gradient of 30 degrees or gentle zones;
s2, selection and treatment of seed stems: selecting strong, yellow-moist, disease-free, insect-free, peel-free and terminal bud rhizome of rhizoma polygonati for planting, cutting a young and tender part at the front end into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is 2 sections with 2 bud eyes, the weight is about 50 g, and after the cut is dipped or soaked by liquid medicine, the rhizome is planted after being dried and pulp collected;
s3, land preparation treatment of forest land: generally combining grass splitting and irrigation in autumn under the forest, wherein the soil preparation under the forest is carried out according to the mountain vigor, the gradient and the density of growth in the forest, or transverse ditches or holes are dug, and meanwhile, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves are buried in the soil to be rotted to be used as base fertilizer;
s4, planting and cultivating method: during cultivation, digging pits with the depth of 12.5 cm and the width of 25 cm, and adopting an upper cover and a lower cushion to concentrate the humus soil around in the cultivation pits and concentrate nutrient supply; removing low and short weed irrigation and weeds, adjusting shading degree to 65%, properly increasing illumination to promote growth, planting in spring and autumn, applying proper amount of base fertilizer, covering with fine soil about 2cm thick, placing seed stems flatly with bud holes upward, 1 plant per pit, covering soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, covering with soil, watering for 1 time after 4 days to keep soil moist, and covering with rotten animal manure or ring manure after freezing.
S5, topdressing management: when the plant grows to 50cm, removing terminal buds; when the plant has buds, the buds and flowers are removed, and then fertilization is carried out; applying 15g of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant;
s6, transplanting and harvesting: after the seeds of rhizoma polygonati are mature and fall down, seedlings emerge and grow, seedlings are left according to the plant-row spacing of 60cm after three years, the other seedlings are transplanted, when the rhizoma polygonati is collected, the latter half part is aged and processed into a commodity, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as the seeds, the overground part and fibrous roots are removed, silt is cleaned, the sizes are graded, transportation is reduced to ensure that the terminal buds are complete, the seeds are put into a steamer to be steamed for 15min, and the seeds are taken out thoroughly or boiled in water and then are taken out, dried in the sun or dried to obtain the commercial medicinal material.
In some embodiments, in S1, the liquid medicine used for the sealwort incision is carbendazim solution (1:800) or thiophanate methyl solution (1:800), respectively, and is soaked for about 45 minutes and then planted.
In some embodiments, the cut of rhizoma Polygonati is dipped with plant-wood mortar (pH 12) and planted, the cut is soaked in Bordeaux mixture for 3 s, and the mixture is air dried and planted.
In some embodiments, the forest land is selected from the forest lands which are free of diseases and insect pests and large-scale felling, have rich humus, are cool and wet, are far away from pollution sources and are not applied with the chemical weed killer.
In some embodiments, the rectangular planting fields are arranged, the inter-plant distance of the plants is 65cm, the depth is 15cm, and drainage ditches are spaced according to the rectangle; and (3) leaving a 50 cm-wide ecological maintenance band between the two planting fields without finishing, and adjusting according to the pH value of the original soil to control the pH value to be about 5.5.
In some embodiments, the cultivation is performed in spring for 3 months and in autumn for 10-11 months.
In some embodiments, the plants planted in late autumn are covered with decomposed animal manure or ring manure after being frozen to facilitate warm keeping and overwintering, and after thawing in the next year, the manure pieces are broken and leveled, and care is taken to keep the soil moist before emergence.
In some embodiments, the total nutrient content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20 percent.
In some embodiments, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as a seed (seed stem) and is cultivated in the forest land nearby according to the density.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides: the semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for the polygonatum sibiricum under forest comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting forest lands: selecting loam, yellow soil or red soil with ventilation, light transmission and pH value of 6.5-7.5, which is moist and shaded and has a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil layer and good drainage and water retention performance, and building forest lands with gradient of 40 degrees or gentle zones;
s2, selection and treatment of seed stems: selecting strong, yellow-moist, disease-free, insect-free, peel-free and terminal bud rhizome of rhizoma polygonati for planting, cutting the young part at the tip into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is 2 sections with 3 bud eyes, the weight is about 50 g, and the cut is planted after being dipped or soaked by liquid medicine and dried to collect pulp;
s3, land preparation treatment of forest land: generally combining grass splitting and irrigation in autumn under the forest, wherein the soil preparation under the forest is carried out according to the mountain vigor, the gradient and the density of growth in the forest, or transverse ditches or holes are dug, and meanwhile, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves are buried in the soil to be rotted to be used as base fertilizer;
s4, planting and cultivating method: during cultivation, digging a pit with the depth of 15cm and the width of 35 cm, and adopting an upper cover and a lower cushion to concentrate the surrounding humus soil in the cultivation pit and concentrate nutrient supply; removing low and short weed irrigation and weeds, adjusting shading degree to 65%, properly increasing illumination to promote growth, planting in spring and autumn, applying proper amount of base fertilizer, covering with fine soil about 2cm thick, placing seed stems flatly with bud holes upward, 1 plant per pit, covering soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, covering with soil, watering for 1 time after 5 days to keep soil moist, and covering with rotten animal manure or ring manure after freezing.
S5, topdressing management: when the plant grows to 50cm, removing terminal buds; when the plant has buds, the buds and flowers are removed, and then fertilization is carried out; applying 20g of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant;
s6, transplanting and harvesting: after the seeds of rhizoma polygonati are mature and fall down, seedlings emerge and grow, seedlings are left according to the plant-row spacing of 60cm after three years, the other seedlings are transplanted, when the rhizoma polygonati is collected, the latter half part is aged and processed into a commodity, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as the seeds, the overground part and fibrous roots are removed, silt is cleaned, the sizes are graded, transportation is reduced to ensure that the terminal buds are complete, the seeds are put into a steamer to be steamed for 20min, and the seeds are taken out thoroughly or boiled in water and then are taken out, dried in the sun or dried to obtain the commercial medicinal material.
In some embodiments, in S1, the liquid medicine used for the sealwort incision is carbendazim solution (1:800) or thiophanate methyl solution (1:800), respectively, and is soaked for about 45 minutes and then planted.
In some embodiments, the cut of rhizoma Polygonati is dipped with plant-wood mortar (pH 13) and planted, the cut is soaked in Bordeaux mixture for 5 s, and the mixture is air dried and planted.
In some embodiments, the forest land is selected from the forest lands which are free of diseases and insect pests and large-scale felling, have rich humus, are cool and wet, are far away from pollution sources and are not applied with the chemical weed killer.
In some embodiments, rectangular planting fields are arranged, the planting distance between plants is 70cm, the depth is 15cm, and drainage ditches are spaced according to the rectangle; and (3) leaving a 50 cm-wide ecological maintenance band between the two planting fields without finishing, and adjusting according to the pH value of the original soil to control the pH value to be about 5.5.
In some embodiments, the cultivation is performed in spring for 3 months and in autumn for 10-11 months.
In some embodiments, the plants planted in late autumn are covered with decomposed animal manure or ring manure after being frozen to facilitate warm keeping and overwintering, and after thawing in the next year, the manure pieces are broken and leveled, and care is taken to keep the soil moist before emergence.
In some embodiments, the total nutrient content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20 percent.
In some embodiments, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as a seed (seed stem) and is cultivated in the forest land nearby according to the density.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these should be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for the polygonatum sibiricum under forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting forest lands: selecting loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, and good drainage and water retention performance, yellow soil or red soil with ventilation and light transmission and pH value of 6.5-7.5, and forest land with gradient of 25-40 deg or built flat zone;
s2, selection and treatment of seed stems: selecting strong, yellow-moist, disease-free, insect-free, non-broken and terminal bud rhizome of rhizoma polygonati as a seed, cutting a young and tender part at the front end into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is 2 sections, has 1-3 bud eyes, and is about 50 g in weight, and after the cut is dipped or soaked by liquid medicine, the cut needs to be dried and pulp is collected and then planted;
s3, land preparation treatment of forest land: generally combining grass splitting and irrigation in autumn under the forest, wherein the soil preparation under the forest is carried out according to the mountain vigor, the gradient and the density of growth in the forest, or transverse ditches or holes are dug, and meanwhile, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves are buried in the soil to be rotted to be used as base fertilizer;
s4, planting and cultivating method: during cultivation, digging a pit with the depth of 10-15 cm and the width of 15-35 cm, and adopting an upper cover and a lower cushion to concentrate the surrounding humus soil in the cultivation pit and concentrate nutrient supply; removing low and short weed irrigation and weeds, adjusting shading degree to 65%, properly increasing illumination to promote growth, planting in spring and autumn, applying proper amount of base fertilizer, covering fine soil with thickness of about 2cm, placing seed stems flatly with bud holes upward, 1 plant per pit, covering soil, pressing, watering thoroughly, covering soil, watering for 3-5 days, keeping soil moist, and covering with rotten animal manure or ring manure after freezing.
S5, topdressing management: when the plant grows to 50cm, removing terminal buds; when the plant has buds, the buds and flowers are removed, and then fertilization is carried out; applying 10g-20g of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant;
s6, transplanting and harvesting: after the seeds of rhizoma polygonati are mature and fall down, seedlings emerge and grow, seedlings are left according to the plant-row spacing of 60cm after three years, the other seedlings are transplanted, when the rhizoma polygonati is collected, the latter half part is aged and processed into a commodity, the part with terminal buds at the front section is used as the seeds, the overground part and fibrous roots are removed, silt is cleaned, the sizes are graded, transportation is reduced to ensure that the terminal buds are complete, the seeds are put into a steamer to be steamed for 10-20 min, and the seeds are taken out thoroughly or boiled in water and then are taken out, dried in the sun or dried to obtain the commercial medicinal material.
2. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the liquid medicine used for cutting the sealwort is carbendazim solution (1:800) or thiophanate methyl solution (1:800) respectively, and the sealwort is planted after being soaked for about 45 minutes.
3. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S1, the cut of rhizoma Polygonati is dipped with plant mortar (pH 11-13) and planted, the cut is soaked in bordeaux mixture for 1-5 seconds, and the mixture is air dried.
4. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S2, the forest land is selected from the forest land which has no plant diseases and insect pests and no large-scale felling, has rich humus, is cool and wet, is far away from pollution sources and is not applied with the chemical weed-hoeing agent.
5. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S3, rectangular planting fields are arranged, the inter-plant distance is 60-70cm, the depth is 15cm, and drainage ditches are spaced according to the rectangles; and (3) leaving a 50 cm-wide ecological maintenance band between the two planting fields without finishing, and adjusting according to the pH value of the original soil to control the pH value to be about 5.5.
6. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S4, planting in spring for 3 months and planting in autumn for 10-11 months.
7. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S4, the plants are planted in late autumn, the plants are covered with rotten animal manure or ring manure after being frozen so as to be beneficial to keeping warm and overwintering, the plants are thawed in the next year, manure blocks are broken and leveled up, and the soil is kept moist before emergence of seedlings.
8. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S5, the total nutrient content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 30%, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20%.
9. The understory semi-wild high-efficiency cultivation technology for polygonatum sibiricum in forest according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S6, the part with terminal buds at the front stage is cultivated as a seed (seed stem) in the forest land at the density mentioned above.
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