CN113141964B - Planting method of long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions - Google Patents
Planting method of long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting a long-acting carbon neutral forest in subtropical regions, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of planting a mixed forest or a multi-layer different-age mixed forest according to the proportion of 7-6 parts of phoebe bournei: 1) Selecting a forest land: 2) Clearing and preparing forest lands: 3) Preparing nursery stocks: 4) Building a mixed forest: 5) Tending management: 6) Main cutting: 7) And (4) pest control. The planting mode of the mixed forest of the phoebe bournei and the Chinese fir realizes the purpose of obtaining the long-acting carbon neutralization mixed forest by standardized and large-scale production, and the indexes of the mixed forest, such as the accumulation amount, the biomass, the carbon storage amount and the like, can reach better levels. Meanwhile, the forest planting benefit is improved, the operation period is prolonged, the surface disturbance is reduced, the problems of land fertility decline, productivity reduction and the like caused by the continuous planting of the fir are avoided, and the sustainable utilization of the forest land is facilitated. The mixed forest can form a relatively complex and stable forest stand structure, improve the stress resistance and stability of the forest stand, provide more ecological products, build better forest landscape and have wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to forest planting, in particular to a method for planting a long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions.
Background
The forest has an important carbon fixing and oxygen releasing function, and is generally regarded as having a carbon fixing function, namely carbon sink, for a long time, as long as the forest grows, actually, the forest also needs a breathing function in the growing process, consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. When the amount of carbon dioxide released in respiration (including soil respiration) is larger than the amount of carbon dioxide fixed by photosynthesis of plants in the early stage of a forest, particularly a forest ecological system, the forest is a carbon source, and the forest can become a carbon sink only when the amount of carbon dioxide fixed by the ecological system exceeds the amount of released carbon dioxide when the forest grows to a certain age limit. The carbon-neutralized forest has the carbon sink function, and the fixed carbon amount of the carbon-neutralized forest can balance the carbon emission amount in agriculture, industrial production and the like, so the carbon-neutralized forest is a carbon sink forest. All forests have carbon sequestration effect in a certain growth stage and can be regarded as carbon neutralization forests, but the high-efficiency carbon neutralization forests require the forests to have short carbon source action time and long carbon sequestration action time, so that the forests with stable ecosystems can be kept for a long time.
The construction of the carbon-neutralized forest is different from the construction of an artificial forest in the general traditional meaning, and the construction of the carbon-neutralized forest needs to consider a plurality of factors such as carbon fixation rate, forest carbon source stage duration and carbon sink stage duration, wood value and income of carbon-fixed tree species, ecological system stability of the artificial forest, health sustainable manageability and tree species positivity, so that the combination of fast-growing tree species and middle-growing tree species, the combination of short-lived tree species (generally meaning that the growth cycle is about 100 years) and long-lived tree species (generally meaning that the growth cycle is more than 500 years), the combination of general materials and precious materials, the combination of positive tree species and slightly-tolerant tree shade species, the combination of evergreen coniferous trees and evergreen broad-leaved forests and the like, and needs to be deeply explored and researched by technicians in the field. The artificial forest in subtropical regions is mainly a fir pure forest, continuous cropping operation causes problems of land fertility decline, productivity decline, low economic and ecological benefits and the like, and the sustainable development of forestry is seriously influenced. The China fir has short operation period, generally enters a carbon sink stage in about 10 to 15 years, but can be felled in about 25 to 30 years, which seriously affects the carbon neutralization capacity of forests, and in recent years, the market of China fir wood is low, the price is continuously lowered, and the economic benefit is reduced, so that a multi-tree mixed forest with strong carbon neutralization capacity and stable ecological system is created, especially the China fir mixed forest with other precious materials becomes the requirement of national ecological civilization construction.
The phoebe bournei is one of main tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical regions, is a local tree species in Hunan and is also an extremely precious timber tree species, the timber of the phoebe bournei is a rare phoebe bournei (golden phoebe), the resource of the phoebe bournei is completely consumed due to long-term artificial destruction and excessive cutting, and a small amount of phoebe bournei exists in part of the secondary forests. In order to develop and utilize the precious tree species resource of the local soil, enlarge the planting scale of the phoebe bournei in the suitable growing area, improve the quality of the forest stand of the fir forest, and apply the theory and the technology of mixed forest construction, the Chinese fir phoebe bournei mixed forest with a certain area is constructed in the suitable growing area of many phoebe bournei and fir in Hunan, the forest stand grows better and the good ecological benefit is exerted.
At present, the research on the mixed forest is less, mature technical modes such as sassafras and cedars do not form, and the application range is small. The Phoebe bournei is a unique precious timber tree species in China, and no relevant research on the Phoebe bournei exists abroad. The research on the phoebe bournei in China mainly focuses on more seedling and cultivation technologies of the phoebe bournei, people pay attention to the phoebe bournei and research the phoebe bournei more than ten years ago, and the research range mainly comprises the following aspects: and (1) population structure. Wu Dalong et al studied the population structure of Phoebe bournei in natural protection areas such as rock of radish, tailing, etc., and thought that there are many small seedlings under Phoebe bournei forest, but the death rate of the seedlings is high, reaching more than 80%. And (2) seed source test. The Jiangxiang plum, liubao and other people respectively perform seedling stage test comparison on part of provenances of Fujian and Jiangxi, and preliminarily determine some better geographical provenances. And (3) seed characteristics and seedling propagation. The physiological characteristics of dormancy, germination and activity change of the phoebe bournei seeds are researched by plum blossom and the like, and the phoebe bournei seeds are found to contain inhibiting substances to cause seed dormancy, but after treatment, the dormancy can be broken in about 40 days; the Wangtongguang, the Shenzhou and the plum-iron bloom research the cutting propagation technology of the phoebe bournei and solve some technical problems in the aspect of cutting survival of the phoebe bournei. And (4) cultivation technology. The Jiangxiang plum researches the stand selection and growth conditions of the Phoebe bournei forest stand; the Europe and the Jiande think that the cunninghamus chinensis forest window has the function of promoting the growth of the artificial young forest of the phoebe bournei.
Therefore, a planting method which can realize standardized and large-scale production and realize sustainable management of the Chinese fir-Funanmu mixed forest does not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve and innovate the defects and problems in the background art and provides a method for planting a long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions.
The selection of the carbon-fixing tree species needs to consider the multiple factors of the carbon-fixing speed, the carbon-fixing duration, the carbon-fixing tree species value gain, the growth habitat and the like, so the method needs to comprehensively consider the combination of fast-growing tree species and intermediate tree species, the combination of short-life tree species (generally, the growth cycle is about 100 years) and long-life tree species (generally, the growth cycle is more than 500 years), the combination of general materials and precious materials, the combination of positive tree species and slightly shade-tolerant trees, and the combination of evergreen coniferous trees and evergreen broad-leaved forests in the carbon-fixing tree species selection. According to the principle, through years of experimental study, a short-life fast-growing needle-leaf positive tree species cunninghamia ninghamii and a long-life hit broad-leaf slightly-shade-tolerant tree species precious tree species phoenix are screened, and as main tree species of a carbon-neutral forest, according to the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of planting a mixed forest or a multi-layer different-age mixed forest according to the proportion of 7-6 parts of phoebe bournei:
1. selecting a forest land:
the method is characterized in that the forestation land is selected from land blocks with the position index of more than 16, the method is suitable for growth of phoebe bournei, can be used on hills and low mountains, can be used on hills at the middle and lower parts or valleys, has deep soil layers and loose and fertile soil, and is breathable and permeable to water for red soil, yellow soil and mountain yellow soil.
2. Clearing and preparing forest lands:
2.1, clearing forest lands: removing weeds and shrubs, and strictly forbidding mountain making; 1-2 months before artificial forestation, cutting off all weeds and shrubs on the forestation land, grouping the weeds and shrubs along the contour line of the forestation land by 2m, and stacking the cut-off weed and shrubs on the upper side and the lower side of the strip;
2.2, soil preparation: after cutting, removing the irrigation, performing strip-shaped land preparation along the middle of the cleaning belt, wherein the belt width is 1-1.2 m, the land preparation is performed on the land in the belt for comprehensive tillage and land preparation, the tillage depth is 20cm, and the surface soil is finely crushed and leveled;
2.3, digging holes: digging holes on the finished strip-shaped ground at the interval of 2m, wherein the specification of the holes is generally not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm.
3. Preparing nursery stocks:
and (3) fir seedlings: the fir can be planted in 1 year, and the 2 year old big seedlings can be used for afforestation when the phoebe bournei is planted in advance;
and (3) Phoebe bournei seedling: when the phoebe bournei is planted firstly, 2-year-old seedling afforestation can be adopted, and when the fir is planted firstly, 3-year-old and more-year-old seedling afforestation is adopted.
4. Building a mixed forest:
4.1, planting the mixed forest according to the proportion of the Chinese fir and the phoebe bournei, and planting in a row-shaped mixed mode;
4.2, returning soil and applying a base fertilizer: returning surface soil about 15cm, applying 200-300 g of compound fertilizer, 1kg of organic fertilizer and 10g of potassium humate in each hole, uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil, filling all the soil, and filling the holes;
4.3, initial planting density: afforesting at the initial planting interval of 2m multiplied by 2m, namely 2500 plants/hm 2 ；
4.4, afforestation time: forestation can be carried out from the dormancy stage of the nursery stock at the bottom of 12 months to the spring of the next year before sprouting, and the forestation cannot be delayed from the bottom of 3 months at the latest;
4.5, a planting method:
the method comprises the following steps that overlong root systems are cut off during bare-rooted seedling planting, 3/4 leaves of a phoebe bournei are cut off, mud is beaten into seedling root systems, rooting powder is added, and a general afforestation method of three-covering, two-treading and one-lifting is adopted for bare-rooted seedlings; in the afforestation of container seedlings or seedlings with soil balls, partial branches and leaves are properly cut off, the leaf removal amount is about 1/3, the container or the soil balls are ensured not to be scattered, and the process of 'lifting the seedlings' is avoided during planting; the second step is to pay attention to the light step around the container matrix or the soil ball so that the container matrix or the soil ball is fully sealed with the soil in the hole; the height of the hilling is 3cm to 5cm higher than the surface of the original substrate of the nursery plant or the container seedling; 3-4 timber piles are adopted as supports to support the large-size nursery stock to prevent the nursery stock from falling down.
5. Tending management:
5.1, tending and weeding:
1-7 a after afforestation, tending for 2 times every year in 5 months and 9 months respectively, wherein each tending for 1 time in 5 months and 9 months is mainly used for splitting, removing impurities and shrubs, and in 9 months, comprehensive weeding is combined with hole expanding and hilling, and the hilling height is 5-7 cm;
5.2, bud picking and pruning:
1-7 a after afforestation, frequently carrying out bud picking on the Phoebe bournei in the growing season, erasing top buds and secondary top tips of strong lateral branches and pruning branches with diseases and pests; pruning in winter, namely pruning a sprout at the base of the phoebe bournei, branches with poor light reception at the lower part of the crown, competitive branches at the upper part and insect-disease branches, and controlling the pruning height within 1/2 of the tree height; for 2-4 a plants with stems damaged by diseases, insects, mechanical damage and the like, stem cutting is suitable for promoting germination and then stem fixing culture is carried out;
5.3, intermediate cutting:
and (3) carrying out 1 st intermediate cutting in 9 th year after forestation, carrying out 2 nd intermediate cutting in 15 th year, carrying out 3 rd intermediate cutting in 21 th year and carrying out 4 th intermediate cutting in 28 th year, and culturing all the remained trees as large-diameter wood.
6. Main cutting:
in 35-40 years, all main cutting Chinese fir is carried out by selective cutting, the phoebe bournei is left to be continuously cultivated, and main cutting is carried out on the phoebe bournei in 70-80 years generally.
7. And (4) pest control.
In one embodiment, the specific conditions for selecting the forest land are as follows:
topography and landform: hills and low mountains with the elevation of 300-900 m;
soil: type (2): red soil, yellow red soil and mountain yellow soil, wherein the pH value is as follows: slightly acidic to neutral, texture: loam, clay loam, compactness: loose to slightly compact, good ventilation and water permeability;
the type of the site: i, fine land, the lower parts of a yin slope, a half yang slope and a valley, wherein the gradient is less than 15 degrees; the thickness of the soil layer is more than 80cm, and the thickness of the black soil layer is more than 25 cm;
II, properly standing: the slope of the middle lower part of the yin slope and the half yang slope and the valley is less than 25 degrees; the thickness of the soil layer is more than 60cm, and the thickness of the black soil layer is 15-25cm.
In one embodiment, the Chinese fir and the phoebe bournei press a 7:3, specifically, carrying out mixed crossing according to the arrangement row shape of 2 Chinese fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 3 Chinese fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 2 Chinese fir and 1 phoebe bournei.
In one embodiment, the Chinese fir and the phoebe bournei are as follows: 4, specifically, carrying out row-shaped mixed crossing according to the arrangement of 1 Chinese fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 2 Chinese fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 1 Chinese fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 2 Chinese fir and 1 phoebe bournei.
In one embodiment, the thinning operation is as follows:
performing 1 st thinning in 9 th year after afforestation, with retention density of 1750 strains/hm 2 Wherein, the Chinese fir wood is 1050 to 1225 strains/hm 2 700-525 Phoebe bournei/hm 2 In 15 years, the 2 nd thinning is carried out, and the retention density is 1300 strains/hm 2 Wherein the fir wood is 790-850 strains/hm 2 510-450 Phoebe bournei/hm 2 The 3 rd thinning is carried out in 21 years, and the retention density is 1040 strains/hm 2 Wherein, the Chinese fir is 590 strains/hm 2 450 Phoebe bournei strains/hm 2 And the 4 th thinning is carried out in 28 years, and the retention density is 900 strains/hm 2 Wherein the China fir is 450 strains/hm 2 Phoebe bournei 450 strains/hm 2 And all the remained trees are used as large-diameter trees for cultivation.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the mixed forest of the phoebe bournei and the Chinese fir is a successful mixed mode, the purpose of obtaining the carbon-neutralized mixed forest through standardization and large-scale production is achieved, and indexes such as the accumulation amount, the biomass, the carbon storage amount and the like of the mixed forest planted by the method can reach better levels.
In addition, the planting method also has the following advantages:
1. compared with the existing pure forest planting, the mixed phoebe bournei is a very rare precious material, the price of the mixed phoebe bournei is about 20 times of that of the fir of the same diameter grade, and therefore the benefit of the mixed forest of phoebe bournei and fir is far higher than that of the pure forest of fir.
2. The rotation stage of the fir trees of the mixed forest is about 20 years, the rotation stage of the phoebe bournei is 60-80 years, the fir trees and the phoebe bournei are widely mixed and combined in length, the operation period is prolonged, the ground surface disturbance is reduced, the problems of land fertility decline, productivity reduction and the like caused by continuous planting of the fir trees are avoided, and the land fertility recovery and sustainable utilization of the forest land are facilitated.
3. The Chinese fir wood mixed forest of the phoebe bournei can form a relatively complex and stable forest stand structure, improve the stress resistance and stability of the forest stand, provide more ecological products, better exert the multifunctional benefit of the forest, build better forest landscape and provide natural education and ecological leisure places for citizens, so that the Chinese fir wood mixed forest of the phoebe bournei has wide application prospect.
The innovation points of the invention are as follows:
1. and (4) selecting tree species.
When the mixed tree species is selected, the fast-growing, short-life and sunny evergreen conifer species cunninghamia lanceolata and the middle-growing, long-life and slightly shade-tolerant evergreen broad-leaved tree species phoenix are mixed for planting. Through the matching of the growth rate and the growth life of different tree species, the growth difference of the tree species of the mixed forest constructed by the planting method is not obvious. And secondly, the fir pure forest becomes an old forest after 40 years, the carbon sequestration capacity is reduced, the life of the phoebe bournei can reach thousands of years, the phoebe bournei is still in a rapid growth period after 40-80 years, the phoebe bournei is still in a carbon sequestration stage after 40 years, the carbon sequestration capacity is continuous, and the carbon sequestration time is long. Therefore, the planting method can continuously increase the carbon sequestration capacity of the forest. In addition, according to the planting method, the male-bearing and shade-tolerant tree species are selected for matching, the phoebe bournei belongs to the early-stage shade-tolerant or slightly-tolerant tree species, the cedar belongs to the male-bearing tree species, and the tree species matching method is favorable for improving the utilization rate of light energy and reasonably utilizing the light energy resource by a community. Other planting techniques are adopted, a plurality of fast-growing short-life tree species or fast-growing short-life and slow-growing short-life tree species are selected for building a mixed forest, the matching between the growth rate and the growth life of the tree species is not emphasized, the forest stand stability is poor, and the carbon sink function is weakened. Therefore, compared with other technologies, the planting method is more beneficial to realizing carbon neutralization and social development and ecological civilization construction.
2. The operating mode of the southern fast-growing high-yield forest is innovated.
The method creates a sustainable operation mode for cultivating large-diameter woods of the fast-growing trees and precious trees in a mixed forest and a sustainable operation mode for improving the yield and efficiency of multi-layer different-age forests, and solves the problems of land fertility decline, forest stand quality and forest land productivity decline, low economic benefit and ecological benefit and the like caused by long-term operation of the fast-growing forests in the south.
The result has 3 planting forms:
(1) planting 1 year old Chinese fir seedling on the cut-off plots, and after 3 years, replanting 2 year old phoebe bournei seedlings in the Chinese fir forest, and replanting 60 plants per mu. Thinning in 9 th, 15 th, 21 th and 28 th years after afforestation, and reserving about 60 plants/mu (30 fir plants and 30 phoebe bournei plants) after finishing thinning in the last time. The Chinese fir and the phoebe bournei are arranged according to the following weight ratio of 6:4, and specifically performing row-shaped mixed crossing in the form of 1 fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 2 fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 1 fir, 1 phoebe bournei, 2 fir and 1 phoebe bournei.
(2) Planting 2-year-old Phoebe Mineri seedlings on the cut land, and replanting 1-year-old fir seedlings in the Phoebe Mineri forest 3 years later, wherein 80 plants are replanted in each mu. Chinese fir and phoebe bournei according to the weight ratio of 7:3, specifically performing row-shaped mixed crossing in the form of 2 Chinese fir trees, 1 phoebe bournei, 3 Chinese fir trees, 1 phoebe bournei, 2 Chinese fir trees and 1 phoebe bournei.
(3) After secondary thinning is carried out on the fir forest of about 15 years, about 80 fir trees with good growth vigor per mu are reserved, and 2-year container seedlings of excellent seed sources of the phoebe bournei are replanted, wherein the density is 60 fir trees per mu. After 1-4 years of replanting, nurturing for 2 times every year, and removing sprouts of the fir. After 10 years, thinning the China fir to 50 plants per mu; after 20 years, the planting density of 30 plants/mu of fir wood is reserved; after 30 years, the China fir is felled, and the planting density of the phoebe bournei is adjusted to 35-45 plants/mu. In the process of tending thinning, a part of natural and updated precious tree species is reserved in a targeted manner.
The three planting forms avoid the vicious competition among trees by planting in sequence, so as to ensure that the water, the sunlight and the nutrients can respectively meet the growth requirements of the fir and the phoebe bournei, improve the utilization rate of the trees on resources and be more beneficial to the growth of the fir and the phoebe bournei.
3. The forest ecosystem is stable.
The fast-growing trees can be harvested in about 40 years generally, the forest formed after the cutting in the planting mode is a main component part of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and is a top-level succession community, the community structure is more complex, the forest stand structure is stable, the species diversity is higher, the stress resistance and the ecological system stability of the forest stand can be improved, more carbon sink products can be provided, and the multifunctional benefit and the long-acting carbon sink function of the forest can be better exerted.
4. The economic benefit is increased.
The Phoebe bournei is a very rare precious material, and the price of the Phoebe bournei is about 20 times of that of the fir of the same diameter grade, so the benefits of the Phoebe bournei fir mixed forest are far higher than those of the fir pure forest. 40-year China fir-Funanmu mixed forest (36 fir plants/mu and 20 nan plants/mu) built in Lanshan county of Hunan province, with the accumulation amount of 21.8m 3 Wherein the fir wood is 14.8m 3 Phoebe bournei 7.0m 3 Therefore, the economic benefit of the Chinese fir and phoebe mixed forest is more than 5 times of the traditional Chinese fir management. Compared with the pure Phoebe bournei forest, the large diameter Chinese fir wood with considerable quantity can be obtained by operating the multi-layer hetero-forest of Phoebe bournei, the average chest diameter and the average tree height of the Phoebe bournei are respectively 1.4 times and 1.5 times of those of the pure Phoebe bournei forest of Phoebe bournei, and therefore the economic benefit of the multi-layer hetero-forest of the Chinese fir bournei is 5-8 times that of the traditional operation. In addition, the mode is that forestation is carried out under the forest canopy, the original appearance of the forest land is maintained to a certain extent, the disturbance of the land and the water and soil loss are reduced, the land capability of the forest land is maintained, and the sustainable management of the forest is facilitated.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, several embodiments of the invention are set forth below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example 1:
1. the following terms and definitions apply to this embodiment.
1.1, mixed forest:
a forest consisting of two or more tree species.
1.2, large seedling:
nursery stock with 2 years or more than 2 years of cultivation time.
2. And (5) setting up quality requirements.
The forestation land of the Chinese fir-phoebe bournei mixed forest should be selected in a land with the position index of more than 16, and is suitable for the growth of phoebe bournei. The soil is deep in soil layer, loose and fertile in soil, and good in ventilation and water permeability, and the red soil, yellow soil and mountain yellow soil are better, and the detailed conditions required by land improvement are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 selection condition table for artificially promoting forest land updating for secondary forest land
3. Clearing and preparing the forest land.
1.1, clearing forest lands:
when the woodland is cleaned, weeds and shrubs are removed, and the mountains are strictly forbidden to be smelted. 1-2 months before artificial afforestation, all weeds and shrubs on the afforestation land are cut off, the belt is arranged along the contour line of the afforestation land according to a 2m belt, and the cut-off weed and shrubs are stacked on the upper side and the lower side of the belt.
1.2, soil preparation:
after cutting, removing the irrigation, performing strip-shaped land preparation along the middle of the cleaning belt, wherein the belt width is 1-1.2 m, the land preparation is performed on the land in the belt for comprehensive tillage and land preparation, the tillage depth is 20cm, and the surface soil is finely crushed and leveled.
1.3, digging holes:
digging holes on the finished strip-shaped ground at intervals of 2m, wherein the specifications of the holes are generally not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm.
4. And (4) preparing the nursery stock.
The quality control of the nursery stock is carried out according to the quality grading of the nursery stock of GB/T6000 main afforestation tree species and the nursery stock quality (Hunan) of DB43094 main afforestation tree species.
4.1, chinese fir seedlings:
the fir can be planted firstly by adopting 1 year seedlings, and when the phoebe bournei is planted firstly, 2 year-old big seedlings can be used for afforestation;
4.2, phoebe bournei seedling:
when the phoebe bournei is planted firstly, 2-year-old seedling afforestation can be adopted, and when the Chinese fir is planted firstly, 3-year-old and above large seedlings afforestation can be adopted.
5. And (5) constructing a mixed forest.
5.1, mixing proportion and mixing mode:
the mixed crossing ratio is 7 fir 3 phoebe bournei or 6 fir 4 phoebe bournei.
The method adopts row-shaped mixed crossing, namely 7 fir 3 phoebe bournei (2 fir 1 phoebe bournei 3 fir 1 phoebe bournei 1 fir 1 phoebe bournei) and 6 fir 4 phoebe bournei (1 fir 1 phoebe bournei 2 fir 1 phoebe bournei 1 fir) are respectively arranged.
5.2, returning soil and applying a base fertilizer:
returning the surface soil by about 15cm, applying 200-300 g of compound fertilizer, 1kg of organic fertilizer and 10g of potassium humate in each hole, properly mixing the mixture with the soil, filling all the soil, and filling the holes.
5.3, initial planting density:
afforesting at the initial planting interval of 2m multiplied by 2m, namely 2500 plants/hm 2 And performing afforestation according to the technical regulation GB/T15776.
5.4, afforestation time:
the seedlings can be forested from the dormancy stage at the end of 12 months to the spring germination of the next year. The afforestation cannot be delayed by 3 months at the latest.
5.5, a planting method:
the method is characterized in that overlong root systems are cut off during bare-rooted seedling planting, 3/4 leaves of a phoebe bournei are cut off, mud slurry (added with rooting powder) is needed to be beaten for seedling root systems, and a general afforestation method of three-covering, two-treading and one-lifting is adopted for bare-rooted seedlings. Afforesting container seedlings or seedlings with soil balls (partial branches and leaves are properly cut off, and the leaf removing amount is about 1/3), ensuring that the containers or the soil balls are not scattered, and avoiding the process of 'lifting seedlings' during planting. The 'second stepping' is to pay attention to the fact that the container matrix or the soil ball is slightly stepped on the periphery of the container matrix or the soil ball, so that the container matrix or the soil ball is fully sealed with the soil in the hole. The height of the hilling is preferably 3cm to 5cm higher than the surface of the original substrate of the nursery stock or container seedling. 3-4 timber piles are adopted as supports to support the large-sized nursery stocks to prevent the nursery stocks from falling down.
6. Tending and managing.
6.1, tending and weeding:
and (1) a, after forestation, tending for 2 times every year in 5 months and 9 months respectively, wherein the tending for 1 time is mainly carried out for splitting and removing shrubs in 5 months, the comprehensive weeding is combined with hole expanding and hilling in 9 months, and the hilling height is (5-7) cm.
6.2, bud picking and pruning:
and (1) a after afforestation frequently performs bud picking on the phoebe bournei in the growing season, removes the top bud and the secondary top tip of the strong lateral branch and prunes the insect-disease branch. Pruning in winter, namely pruning the budding strips at the base part of the phoebe bournei, the branches with poor light reception at the lower part of the crown, the competitive branches at the upper part and the branches with diseases and pests, and controlling the pruning height within 1/2 of the tree height. For (2-4) a-plants whose trunk is damaged by diseases, insects, mechanical damage, etc., it is advisable to cut stem to promote germination and culture it again.
6.3, intermediate cutting:
the 1 st thinning is carried out in the 9 th year after afforestation, and the retention density is 1750 strains/hm 2 (wherein the fir wood 1050-1225 strains/hm 2 700-525 Phoebe bournei/hm 2 ) Carrying out the 2 nd thinning in 15 years, wherein the retention density is 1300 strains/hm 2 (wherein the fir wood 790-850 strains/hm 2 510-450 Phoebe bournei/hm 2 ) The 3 rd thinning is carried out in 21 years, and the retention density is 1040 strains/hm 2 (wherein the 590 strains/hm of the Chinese fir 2 Phoebe bournei 450 strains/hm 2 ) And carrying out 4 th thinning in 28 years, wherein the retention density is 900 strains/hm 2 (wherein the fir wood strain is 450 strains/hm 2 Phoebe bournei 450 strains/hm 2 ) And all the remained trees are used as large-diameter woods for cultivation.
7. And (6) performing main cutting.
In 35-40 years, all main branches of the fir are selectively cut, the phoebe bournei is left to be continuously cultivated, and main cutting is generally carried out on the phoebe bournei in 70-80 years.
8. And (4) pest control.
The diseases and pests of the fir and the phoebe bournei are few, so that serious diseases and pests are not easy to occur, and the common diseases and pests and the prevention method are as follows.
8.1, stem rot:
stem rot occurs to the Phoebe bournei. When the disease is serious, the stem base of the seedling is blackened and rotten, the lower leaf of the diseased plant is yellow and the leaf edge is browned and withered immediately, the disease source is soil habit inhabitation bacteria, water is accumulated in a nursery land, the soil is over-wet or continuously high temperature, the plant grows badly and easily suffers from the disease, the soil is barren, the organic matter is less, and the disease is also easy to be caused.
The control method comprises the following steps: for the current year seedlings in the forest windows for artificially promoting natural renewal and artificial sowing renewal, paying attention to drainage and reducing the soil humidity; in the early stage of the disease, 1.5 g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder per square meter can be used for spraying.
8.2, shoot weevil:
the larvae bore tender tips to cause the damaged tips to wither, and the high growth and the dry shape development are greatly influenced. The generation 1 occurs in 1 year, adult overwinter, and when the phoebe bournei shoots in 3 months, the adult lays eggs in the new shoots, and after the eggs are hatched, the larvae eat in the new shoots in the current year.
The control method comprises the following steps: the adult insects are fumigated by 621-g fumigant in the oviposition period of adult insects in 3 months and the full growth period of adult insects in the middle and late days of 5 months, and 0.5-1 kg of fumigant is applied per mu.
In late 4 months, young shoots can be killed by spraying 400-600 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion.
When the young shoots are found to be wilted, the damaged young shoots are cut off in time and burnt out intensively.
9. And (5) file management.
Technical files are required to be established by a China fir and phoebe mixed forest construction and implementation unit, and the management of a specially-assigned person is carried out, so that accurate and timely filling, filing and long-term storage are realized, and query is facilitated; the technical files mainly comprise forest land updating conditions, seed and seedling sources, updating modes, survival rates, tending measures, seedling and young tree growth conditions, disease and pest control and the like, and can be executed by referring to 'afforestation technical files' in the 11 th clause of GB/T15776.
Example 2-a mixture of phoenix maiden and cedar:
the Jingzhu forest farm in the Lanshan county was built in 1958, was located in the southwest of the Lanshan county in Yongzhou city, was in Jiuyiyi mountain, belongs to the wet climate region in the subtropical monsoon, and has sufficient illumination and long frostless period, the annual average temperature is 17.8 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is 1660 mm. The forest farm is fertile in soil, the terrain is mainly mountainous, and Xiangjiang Yuan is located on the wild dog ridge in the forest farm. In the forest field, in 1979 to 1982, a hybrid forest of Funanmu cunninghami is built at the middle and lower parts of a mountain slope in the field, and the area is about 20 mu.
1. Fujian nan fir wood mixed forest construction and management
In spring 1979, 1-year-old fir seedlings are adopted on a cut land, fir forests are built according to the density of 2m x 2m, the forest is nursed for 2 times every year, 2-year-old phoebe bournei seedlings are planted in the fir forests in spring 1982, and 50 seedlings are planted per mu. 4 thinning cuts are respectively carried out in 9 th, 15 th, 21 th and 28 th years after the fir forest afforestation, the sample plot reexamination is carried out on the phoebe bournei fir mixed forest in 7 months in 2020, the number of the reserved plants is 56 plants/mu, wherein 20 plants of phoebe bournei and 36 plants of fir are reserved. The other planting steps and methods were essentially the same as in example 1.
2. Phoebe bournei wood mixed forest plot survey
In 2020, 15 months and 7 months, the southern China forestry science and technology university carries out sample plot survey on the phoebe bournei Chinese fir mixed forest, 5 small samples (1 m multiplied by 1 m) are arranged on the sample plot of the phoebe bournei Chinese fir mixed forest to survey the growth condition of the phoebe bournei natural updating seedlings under the mixed forest, and the statistical result is shown in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 sample examination results
As can be seen from Table 1, the average diameter at breast height, average height and average volume of Chinese fir of Minnan in the mixed forest are equal, while the crown width of Minnan is greater than that of Chinese fir; china fir and phoebe bournei in the mixed forest basically belong to the same forest layer, and two kinds of trees are mixed, and the canopy structure is comparatively inseparable, can make full use of illumination space, improves the utilization ratio of light energy to promote forest stand growth.
Table 2 growth conditions of natural renewed seedlings of Phoebe bournei in mixed forests
Table 2 shows the distribution of the phoebe bournei seedlings in the forest, which are distributed and in large numbers in the whole forest stand.
3. The control forest stand is a fir pure forest, the forest is forested in spring in 1979, the existing forest stand is subjected to sample plot double-check in 7 months 2020, and the number of the reserved plants is 54 plants/mu. Statistics for model and control forest reserves, biomass and carbon reserves are given in the following table:
example 3-mulched alien forest of phoenix maiden:
application case 1: the model application place is a Jindong forest farm in Yongzhou city, hunan province, the site index is selected to be more than 16 in 2012, after secondary thinning of the fir forest for about 15 years, about 30 fir trees with good growth vigor are reserved in each mu, and 2-year-old container seedlings of excellent seed sources of Minnan are replanted, wherein the density is 60 seedlings in each mu. 1-4 years after replanting, nurturing for 2 times every year, and removing sprouts of the fir; the sample plot of the multi-layer alien forest of the phoebe bournei is rechecked in 2020, and the number of the reserved plants is 82 plants/mu, wherein 52 plants of the phoebe bournei and 30 plants of the fir are reserved. The control forest stand is a pure Phoebe bournei forest in 2012, the forest is forested in spring, the existing forest stand is subjected to sample plot reexamination in 2020, and the number of the reserved plants is 150 plants/mu. The other planting steps and methods were essentially the same as in example 1. Statistics for model and control forest reserves, biomass and carbon reserves are given in the following table:
application case 2: the mode application place is Guanfeng county guanshan forest farm in Ji' an Yongfeng of Jiangxi province, in 2017, 40 plants/400 m are selected 2 60 strains/400 m 2 80 strains/400 m 2 China fir of 3 densitiesPlanting Fujian nan in the forest, wherein the Fujian nan is a 1-year-old bare-rooted seedling with average seedling height>35cm, and the replanting density is 100 plants/400 m 2 The row spacing of the plants is 2 mmy 2m, comprehensive weeding and strip soil preparation under forests are adopted before forestation, and unified management is carried out after forestation. The other planting steps and methods were essentially the same as in example 1. The existing forest stand is reexamined in 2020. The statistics of breast diameter, tree height and survival rate for the model forest are given in the following table:
the organic matter content of the soil for the Minnan forest stand under China fir forests with different densities is as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, in the method, the phoebe bournei is replanted under the fir trees with different densities, because the phoebe bournei is planted in shorter years, the change of the soil nutrient is mainly influenced by the fir tree stand density, and the influence of the phoebe bournei on the soil nutrient of the forest land is mainly on the surface layer of the soil. The organic matter content of the forest stand is obviously reduced along with the increase of the soil depth, particularly the content of the forest stand is highest at the level of 0-20cm and is far higher than a soil layer of 20-40cm, and the surface soil of the forest stand contains more nutrients which can be analyzed; with the increase of the density of the fir forest, the change trend of the soil organic matter which is firstly reduced and then increased is shown, and the soil organic matter reaches the maximum in the forest time division with the maximum density.
In addition, in order to find out the dynamic evolution characteristics of nutrient seasons of the phoebe bournei, the cedar and the mixed forest soil and litters thereof, the nutrient condition of the phoebe bournei artificial forest soil is improved, and the sustainable management of forest lands is realized. The method comprises the steps of setting 3 standard fields for each of three forest stands of a phoebe bournei artificial forest, a cedar artificial forest and a phoebe bournei-cedar artificial mixed forest, collecting soil and litter samples in 1 month (winter), 4 months (spring), 8 months (summer) and 11 months (autumn) of 2018, measuring 16 nutrient indexes and 9 nutrient indexes of litter in soil in a sample plot, and carrying out dynamic research on soil and litter nutrient seasons under three forest stand types in Hunan province by using methods such as correlation analysis and typical correlation analysis. The main study results are as follows:
1. soil nutrient indexes of different forest stand types are as follows: the contents of organic matters, soluble organic nitrogen, soluble organic phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, total calcium, total magnesium, total sulfur, total iron, total manganese, total copper and total zinc are all significantly different (p is less than 0.05), and the contents of soluble organic carbon and total potassium are not significantly different. The contents of soil organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total calcium, total magnesium and total zinc in the phoebe bournei artificial forest are obviously higher than those of the fir artificial forest; the content of soluble organic nitrogen and soluble organic phosphorus in the phoebe bournei-fir artificial mixed forest is obviously higher than that of the fir artificial mixed forest; the content of total sulfur and total manganese in the fir artificial forest is obviously higher than that of the phoebe bournei artificial forest; the content of all manganese in the artificial Chinese fir forest and the content of all copper in the artificial Chinese Phoebe Min forest are both obviously higher than those of the artificial Chinese Phoebe Min-Chinese fir mixed forest; the available phosphorus content is only significantly different in soil layers of 0-10 cm. Along with the increase of the depth of soil layers, the contents of soil organic matters, soluble organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, soluble organic phosphorus, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total calcium, total sulfur, total manganese, total copper and total zinc in each forest stand are all obviously reduced, and the contents of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, total magnesium and total iron are not obviously different among different soil layers.
2. The contents of organic matters, soluble organic phosphorus, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total calcium, total sulfur, total iron, total manganese, total copper and total zinc in the three forest stand types of soil are all remarkably different along with seasonal dynamic change (p is less than 0.05), and the content of total magnesium is not remarkably different along with seasonal dynamic change. The content of soil nutrient indexes in each forest stand is inconsistent with seasonal changes, wherein in the artificial forest of the phoebe bournei, the content of soil organic matters, soluble organic phosphorus, total phosphorus, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total copper and total manganese in autumn is the largest; the content of soluble organic carbon, total sulfur and total iron in soil is the maximum in winter; the content of soluble organic nitrogen and total calcium is maximum in summer; the content of available phosphorus is the largest in spring. In the artificial fir forest, the content of soluble organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, hydrolyzed nitrogen and total copper in soil is the largest in autumn; the content of soluble organic phosphorus, available phosphorus, total sulfur and total iron is the maximum in winter; the contents of organic matters, full potassium, full calcium and full manganese in the soil are the largest in spring. In the phoebe bournei-fir artificial mixed forest, the content of organic matters and soluble organic phosphorus is the largest in autumn; the content of available phosphorus, total sulfur, total iron, total manganese and total zinc is the maximum in winter; the content of soluble organic carbon, total calcium and total copper is the largest in spring. Along with the increase of the depth of soil layers, the contents of soil organic matters, soluble organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, soluble organic phosphorus, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total calcium, total sulfur, total iron, total manganese, total copper and total zinc in all seasons in the three forest stand types are remarkably reduced, and the contents of total phosphorus, total potassium and total magnesium are not remarkably different among different soil layers.
3. Nutrient indexes of litters of different forest stand types are as follows: the contents of organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, soluble organic phosphorus, total phosphorus and calcium are all significantly different (p is less than 0.05), the contents of soluble organic carbon, total potassium and total magnesium are significantly different only in the litter of an undecomposed layer, and the content of total nitrogen is significantly different only in a semi-decomposed layer. The artificial forest of Phoebe bournei contains the maximum content of organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, soluble organic phosphorus, total phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. In the undecomposed layer litters, the total potassium is the largest in the phoebe bournei-fir artificial mixed forest and is obviously higher than the phoebe bournei artificial mixed forest, and the magnesium is the largest in the phoebe bournei artificial mixed forest and is obviously higher than the phoebe bournei-fir artificial mixed forest; the total nitrogen content of the phoebe bournei artificial forest in the semi-decomposition layer is obviously higher than that of the Chinese fir artificial forest. In addition, the content of organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, soluble organic phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, calcium and magnesium in litters in each forest stand is obviously reduced along with the increase of the decomposition degree.
4. The contents of organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and calcium in the three stand type litters are remarkably different along with seasonal dynamic changes (p is less than 0.05). The content of litters nutrient indexes in each stand is inconsistent along with seasonal changes. Wherein, in the artificial forest of the phoebe bournei, the content of organic carbon, soluble organic phosphorus and total nitrogen is the largest in winter; the maximum content of total phosphorus and total potassium in autumn; the content of soluble organic nitrogen is the maximum in spring; the calcium content is greatest in summer. In the artificial fir forest, the content of organic carbon, total nitrogen and total potassium is the largest in autumn; the maximum contents of total phosphorus and calcium in summer; the content of soluble organic carbon and soluble organic phosphorus is maximum in winter; the content of soluble organic nitrogen is the largest in spring. In the Phoebe bournei-fir artificial mixed forest, the content of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium is the largest in autumn; the content of soluble organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen and soluble organic phosphorus is maximum in winter; the maximum content of calcium in summer; the magnesium content is greatest in spring. In addition, the contents of magnesium in the phoebe bournei artificial forest and the fir artificial forest have significant difference only in the undecomposed layer according to the change of seasons. With the increase of the decomposition degree, the contents of organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, soluble organic phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and calcium in the litters in all seasons in the three forest stand types are obviously reduced along with the increase of the decomposition degree.
5. Different forest stand type litters and soil stoichiometric characteristics C/N, C/P, N/P and DOC/DON have significant difference (P is less than 0.05), while DOC/DOP and DON/DOP have significant difference only in a litter layer and have no significant difference in a soil layer. The metering ratio of C/N and DOC/DON in the fir wood artificial forest is obviously higher than that of the phoebe bournei artificial forest, and the metering ratio of C/P and N/P in the phoebe bournei-fir artificial mixed forest is obviously higher than that of the phoebe bournei artificial forest. And DOC/DOP and DON/DOP in the litter layer are the largest in the Minnan-China fir artificial mixed forest, in addition, the metering ratios of C/N, DOC/DOP and DON/DOP are all obviously larger than that of the soil layer in the litter, and the metering ratios of N/P and DON/DON are obviously higher than that of the litter layer in the soil layer.
6. All three stand type litters and soil stoichiometric characteristics have significant differences with seasonal dynamic changes (p < 0.05). Wherein, the metering ratios of C/N, C/P, N/P and DOC/DON in the phoebe bournei artificial forest and the fir artificial forest are the maximum in winter, and the metering ratios of DOC/DOP and DON/DOP are the maximum in summer. In the phoebe bournei-fir artificial mixed forest, the metering ratios of C/N, C/P and N/P are the largest in winter, the metering ratios of DOC/DON, DOC/DOP and DON/DOP are the largest in summer, and in addition, the metering ratios of soil C/N, C/P, N/P and DOC/DON are sensitivity factors influencing the stoichiometric characteristics of litters.
7. Both non-decomposed and semi-decomposed layer litter nutrients have a significant correlation with soil nutrients (p < 0.05), where: the relevance of nutrients such as organic carbon, soluble organic phosphorus and calcium in an undecomposed layer and total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen and total magnesium in soil is large; the correlation between the soluble organic nitrogen, the soluble organic phosphorus, the total potassium and the calcium in the nutrient of the semi-decomposition layer and the total nitrogen, the hydrolyzed nitrogen and the total zinc in the soil is large.
The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for planting long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions is characterized in that mixed forest or multi-layer different-age mixed forest is planted according to the proportion that Chinese fir and phoebe bournei are 6:
1) Selecting a forest land: the method is characterized in that the forestation land is selected from land blocks with the position index of more than 16, the method is suitable for growth of phoebe bournei, the land can be hilly and low, the mountain land is in the middle and lower part of a hillside or valley, the soil layer is deep, the soil is loose and fertile, and the red soil, the yellow soil and the mountain yellow soil which are good in ventilation and water permeability are selected;
2) Clearing and preparing forest lands:
2.1, clearing forest lands: removing weeds and shrubs, and strictly forbidding mountain making; 1-2 months before artificial forestation, cutting off all weeds and shrubs on the forestation land, grouping the weeds and shrubs along the contour line of the forestation land by 2m, and stacking the cut-off weed and shrubs on the upper side and the lower side of the strip;
2.2, soil preparation: after cutting, removing impurities and irrigation, performing strip-shaped land preparation along the middle of the cleaning belt, wherein the belt width is 1-1.2 m, the land preparation is realized by comprehensively ploughing and preparing the land in the belt, the ploughing depth is only 20cm, and the surface soil is finely crushed and leveled;
2.3, digging holes: digging holes on the finished strip-shaped ground at intervals of 2m, wherein the specifications of the holes are not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm;
3) Preparing nursery stocks: firstly planting Chinese fir seedlings in 1 year, and when planting Phoebe Ming, using big seedlings of Phoebe Ming in 2 years for afforestation;
4) Building a mixed forest:
4.1, planting the mixed forest according to the proportion of the Chinese fir and the phoebe bournei, and planting in a row-shaped mixed mode; the Chinese fir and the phoebe bournei are mixed according to the proportion of 6 to 4, and specifically, the Chinese fir, the phoebe bournei 1, the phoebe bournei 2, the phoebe bournei 1, the phoebe bournei 2 and the phoebe bournei 1 are arranged in rows and mixed;
4.2, returning soil and applying base fertilizer: firstly, returning 15cm of surface soil, applying 200-300 g of compound fertilizer, 1kg of organic fertilizer and 10g of potassium humate in each hole, uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil, filling all the soil, and filling the holes;
4.3, initial planting density: afforesting at the initial planting interval of 2m multiplied by 2m, namely 2500 plants/hm 2 ；
4.4, afforestation time: forestation can be carried out from the dormancy stage of the nursery stock at the bottom of 12 months to the spring of the next year before sprouting, and the forestation cannot be delayed from the bottom of 3 months at the latest;
4.5, a planting method: overlong root systems are cut off in bare-rooted seedling planting, 3/4 leaves are cut off in phoebe bournei, the root systems of nursery stocks need to be beaten into slurry and added with rooting powder, and the bare-rooted seedlings adopt a general afforestation method of three-covering, two-treading and one-lifting seedlings; the container seedlings or seedlings with soil balls are planted, partial branches and leaves are properly cut off, the leaf removing amount is 1/3, the containers or soil balls are ensured not to be scattered, and the process of 'lifting seedlings' is omitted during planting; the second stepping is to pay attention to the light stepping around the container matrix or the soil ball to ensure that the container matrix or the soil ball is fully sealed with the soil in the hole; the height of the hilling is 3cm to 5cm higher than the surface of the original substrate of the nursery plant or the container seedling; 3-4 timber piles are adopted as supports to support the large-size nursery stock to prevent the nursery stock from falling down;
5) Tending and managing:
5.1, tending and weeding: in 1-7 years after afforestation, tending for 2 times every year, tending for 1 time in 5 months and 9 months respectively, wherein in 5 months, impurity-removed shrubs are mainly split, in 9 months, comprehensive weeding is combined with hole expanding and hilling, and the hilling height is 5-7 cm;
5.2, bud picking and pruning: frequently carrying out bud picking on the Phoebe bournei in the growing season in 1-7 years after afforestation, erasing top buds and secondary top tips of strong lateral branches and pruning branches with diseases and pests; pruning in winter, namely pruning buds at the base of the phoebe bournei, branches with poor light reception at the lower part of the crown, competitive branches at the upper part and insect-disease branches, and controlling the pruning height to be within 1/2 of the tree height; for 2-4 years old plants with stems damaged by diseases, insects and mechanical injuries, stem cutting is suitable for promoting germination and then stem fixing culture is carried out;
5.3, intermediate cutting: 1 st intermediate cutting is carried out in 9 th year after afforestation, 2 nd intermediate cutting is carried out in 15 th year, 3 rd intermediate cutting is carried out in 21 th year and 4 th intermediate cutting is carried out in 28 th year, and all the remained trees are cultivated as large-diameter wood; the specific operation of thinning is as follows: performing 1 st thinning in 9 th year after afforestation, with retention density of 1750 strains/hm 2 Wherein 1050 to 1225 strains/hm of the Chinese fir wood 2 700-525 Phoebe bournei/hm 2 In 15 years, the 2 nd thinning is carried out, and the retention density is 1300 strains/hm 2 Wherein the fir wood is 790-850 strains/hm 2 510-450 Phoebe bournei/hm 2 3 rd thinning was carried out in 21 years, and the retention density was 1040 strains/hm 2 Wherein, the fir 590 strains/hm 2 Phoebe bournei 450 strains/hm 2 And the 4 th thinning is carried out in 28 years, and the retention density is 900 strains/hm 2 Wherein the China fir is 450 strains/hm 2 Phoebe bournei 450 strains/hm 2 All the remaining trees are used as large-diameter trees for cultivation;
6) Main cutting: in 35-40 years, all main branches of the fir are selectively cut, the phoebe bournei is left for continuous cultivation, and main cutting is carried out on the phoebe bournei in 70-80 years;
7) And (4) pest control.
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