CN109105121A - China fir and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over - Google Patents
China fir and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105121A CN109105121A CN201810867817.7A CN201810867817A CN109105121A CN 109105121 A CN109105121 A CN 109105121A CN 201810867817 A CN201810867817 A CN 201810867817A CN 109105121 A CN109105121 A CN 109105121A
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- 244000050510 Cunninghamia lanceolata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000208682 Liquidambar Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000006552 Liquidambar styraciflua Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000414138 Castanopsis fissa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000007396 Magnolia macclurei Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001096797 Phoebe bournei Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001116468 Cunninghamia Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010052804 Drug tolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001098499 Lanceolata Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of China firs and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, standing forest skylight plot in Chinese fir plantations, suitable deciduous species are selected according to different condition area, 2-3 kind deciduous species shoot is planted by certain forest stand spatial structure mongrel, red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, perfume Zi Nan, canopy wood, Michelia macclurei, Phoebe bournei etc. may be selected in Mixed effect.Practice have shown that the present invention effectively can transform Chinese fir plantations as mixed forest, there is stronger practicability, operability, popularization and application foreground is good, can effectively improve the ecological functions of existing Chinese fir plantations, while with good economic efficiency and landscape effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of forest cultivation technology more particularly to a kind of China firs and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over.
Background technique
China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is one of most important commerical tree species in China, widely distributed, cultivation
With a long history, national lanceolata forest area is more than 1.0 × 107hm2, account for about the half of southern artificial forest area, in China's forestry development
In occupy critical positions.However, the pure forest management mode due to taking single tree species for a long time, causing on the spot to fail is produced with forest
Power decline；Meanwhile invasion of the large area Chinese fir plantations vulnerable to pest and disease damage and forest fire, seriously restrict the sustainable development of forestry
Exhibition.Mixed forest is to plant more than two tree species together according to a certain percentage, and it is raw that mixed forest can effectively improve standing forest
Force of labor improves Forest Soil Fertility, adjusts standing forest miniclimate and reduces the generation of pest and disease damage and forest fire, ecology, warp
Ji, social benefit are significant.
Currently, China has carried out some China firs and the mixed test handed over of deciduous species, but all uses in the ranks to mix and hand over, is band-like mixed
The usual manners such as friendship and Mixed in blocks, and most of is mixed friendship of the same age, does not consider the reasonable disposition of forest stand spatial structure, makes
It influences each other at mixed forest tree species, does not reach Mixture benefits not only, but also the growth of main planting also receives apparent suppression
System, Mixture benefits are poor, and cost of forestation is high, fail to give full play to the complementary effect of Mixed effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide it is a kind of it is scientific and reasonable, work well and lower-cost China fir with it is wealthy
The Ye Shuyi age mixed method handed over, the method can build existing Chinese fir plantations at the wealthy different age mixed forest of needle, be effectively improved existing China fir
The ecological functions of the wooden pure forest standing forest, while with good economic efficiency and landscape effect.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
China fir and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, the standing forest skylight plot in Chinese fir plantations is selected according to land occupation condition
Deciduous species are selected, mongrel plants 2-3 kind deciduous species shoot.
Standing forest skylight plot refers in Chinese fir plantations not the retaining for being formed due to natural death or artificial intermediate cutting vacancy
The spacious plot of China fir plant.
Above-mentioned China fir and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, comprising the following steps:
(1) age of stand, land occupation condition, uniform angle and the density of crop for determining Chinese fir plantations are investigated；
(2) according to the age of stand of Chinese fir plantations and the mixed deciduous species for handing over 2-3 kind suitable of land occupation condition configuration；
(3) quantity and the position of Mixed effect plantation are determined according to uniform angle and the density of crop；
(4) bank is dug in planting location, applies base manure, is transplanted after spring rain.
In step (2), select less shade tolerant tree species if Chinese fir plantations are young growth, if Chinese fir plantations be middle age, it is close ripe
Or mature forest then selects shade tolerance tree species；Configured if Chinese fir plantations are located at low altitude area red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa,
Fragrant Zi Nan configures red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, canopy wood, Michelia macclurei, Fujian if Chinese fir plantations are located at high altitude localities
Nanmu.
The container seedling of deciduous species selection height of seedling 1.3m or more.
In step (3), when the density of crop is greater than 83 plants/acre, by 90 ° of standard angles control standing forest uniform angles 0-0.25 it
Between carry out mongrel plant, strain spacing is between 1.5-2.5m；When the density of crop is less than 83 plants/acre, woods is controlled by 72 ° of standard angles
Subangle scale carries out mongrel plant between 0-0.25, and strain spacing is between 2.0-3.0m.
Step (4) is carried out by following operation: digging length and width depth in planting location is the bright bank of 40cm × 40cm × 35cm, mixes soil
The compound fertilizer for applying 40% or more 0.4-0.6kg total nutrient content, carries out the deciduous species of mixed friendship after spring rain in proportion
Plantation.
That there are tree species is single, Mixture benefits are poor, mixed patterns are not scientific for current Mixture Forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata, cannot reach it is close from
The problems such as right woods effect, the method that inventor establishes a kind of China fir and the mixed friendship of broad leaf tree different age, the standing forest in Chinese fir plantations
Skylight plot, selects suitable deciduous species according to different condition area, plants 2-3 kind by certain forest stand spatial structure mongrel
Red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, perfume Zi Nan, canopy wood, Michelia macclurei, Phoebe bournei etc. may be selected in deciduous species shoot, Mixed effect.
The method makes full use of in Pure Chinese fir plantation due to natural death or artificial intermediate cutting and spacious plot that vacancy is formed, in conjunction with science
Forest stand spatial structure distribute measure rationally, select the deciduous species with higher economic value to carry out mixed friendship, play China fir pair
The protection facilitation of broad leaf tree enables broad leaf tree planting survival rate under different condition area to be improved, significantly improves mixed
Woods afforestation effect is handed over, mixed forest cost of forestation is reduced, shortens mixed forest and builds the time.Practice have shown that the present invention can be effectively by China fir
The wooden pure forest transform mixed forest as, has stronger practicability, operability, popularization and application foreground is good, can effectively improve existing China fir
The ecological functions of the wooden pure forest, while with good economic efficiency and landscape effect.
Specific embodiment
Basic skills
(1) age of stand, land occupation condition, uniform angle and the density of crop for determining Chinese fir plantations are investigated；
This step is the basis that the present invention is implemented, and is investigated by full woods or standard site, in conjunction with tree growth situation, is determined
With differentiation age-area structure, forest land height above sea level is measured, the density of crop and uniform angle are measured and calculate.
(2) according to the age of stand of Chinese fir plantations and the mixed deciduous species for handing over 2-3 kind suitable of land occupation condition configuration；
The less shade tolerant tree species such as red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, Phoebe bournei, canopy wood, castanopsis fissa are selected if Chinese fir plantations are young growth, if
Chinese fir plantations are middle age, nearly ripe or mature forest then selects the shade tolerancees trees such as red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, Phoebe bournei, Michelia macclurei, perfume Zi Nan, sweetgum
Kind；Red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, perfume Zi Nan are configured if Chinese fir plantations are located at low altitude area, if Chinese fir plantations are located at
High altitude localities then configures red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, canopy wood, Michelia macclurei, Phoebe bournei.Select 2-3 kind broad-leaved therein
Tree species are planted, and the container seedling of height of seedling 1.3m or more is chosen.
(3) quantity and the position of Mixed effect plantation are determined according to uniform angle and the density of crop；
When the density of crop is greater than 83 plants/acre, mixed friendship is carried out between 0-0.25 by 90 ° of standard angle control standing forest uniform angles
Plantation, between 1.5-2.5m, planting location is not survived based on place strain spacing with former China fir；When the density of crop less than 83 plants/
When mu, mongrel plant is carried out between 0-0.25 by 72 ° of standard angle control standing forest uniform angles, strain spacing is between 2.0-3.0m.
(4) bank is dug in planting location, applies base manure, is transplanted after spring rain.
Digging length and width depth in planting location is the bright bank of 40cm × 40cm × 35cm, mixes soil application 0.4-0.6kg total nutrient and contains
The compound fertilizer of 40% or more amount, plants the deciduous species of mixed friendship after spring rain in proportion.The ratio is unit area
The inter-species quantitative proportion of Mixed effect in forest land can carry out any amount ratio according to land occupation condition and operations objective when mongrel is planted
Example proportion.
To further explain how to implement the present invention, specific implementation case exemplified below, following Examples refer to above-mentioned base
This method carries out.
Embodiment 1
Enforcement place: the state-owned peak forest farm in Guangxi
It is mixed to hand over preceding standing forest situation: 25 years raw Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations pure forest standing forests, height above sea level 123m.Original planting density seeding row spacing 2m
× 2m, by 2 artificial intermediate cuttings, reserve mean DBH increment 23.8cm, tree high 17.4m, 45 plants/acre of the density of crop, by 72 ° of standards
It is 0.61 that standing forest uniform angle is investigated at angle.
Technology is implemented: select fair weather to carry out standing forest uniform angle proportion by 72 ° of standard angle control standing forest uniform angles for 0.15,
Strain spacing is 2.0-3.0m, determines that Mixed effect plants position, and dig bright bank by a height of 40cm × 40cm of length and width × 35cm specification.?
After March rain, the compound fertilizer 0.5kg that soil applies total nutrient content 40% is mixed, by erythrophloeum ferdii, perfume Zi Nan, sweetgum in 5:3:2 ratio kind
50 plants/acre are planted, wherein Mixed effect is container seedling of the height of seedling in 1.3-1.5m.
Mongrel finds that Mixture benefits are significant to pilot forest investigation statistics and field observation after planting 5 years, mixes and hands over deciduous species
Storage rate is 98%, erythrophloeum ferdii, perfume Zi Nan, the mean stand height of sweetgum and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground be respectively 6.3cm, 5.9cm, 7.2cm and 5.8m,
6.2m,6.7m.After the technology of the present invention application, China fir mean DBH increment improves 1.7cm in mixed forest, the effective N of timbered soil nutrient,
P, K content has been respectively increased 16.4%, 11.9% and 3.3%, and tree growth environment is improved in forest land, forest form entirety looks
Taken on a new look, aboveground space structure tends to rationally, and forest land service efficiency is largely increased, especially color tree species sweetgum plus
Enter, the landscape effect of standing forest greatly improves.
Embodiment 2
Enforcement place: the state-owned great Gui mountain forest in Guangxi
It is mixed to hand over preceding standing forest situation: triennial Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations pure forest standing forest, height above sea level 312m.Original planting density seeding row spacing 2m
× 2m, reserve mean DBH increment 4.9cm, tree high 4.2m, are by 90 ° of standard angle investigation standing forest uniform angles by 96 plants/acre of the density of crop
0.33。
Technology is implemented: fair weather being selected to carry out standing forest uniform angle proportion, strain by 90 ° of standard angle control standing forest uniform angles for 0
Spacing is 2.0-2.5m, determines that Mixed effect plants position based on the original planting location of dead China fir, and press a height of 40cm of length and width
× 40cm × 35cm specification digs bright bank.After rain in March, the compound fertilizer 0.6kg that soil applies total nutrient content 45% is mixed, it will be red
Cone, canopy wood, castanopsis fissa plant 60 plants/acre in 4:4:2 ratio, and wherein Mixed effect is container seedling of the height of seedling in 1.3-1.5m.
Mongrel, which is planted, shows that Mixed effect survival rate is to pilot forest investigation statistics and field observation December current year
100%, deciduous species annual Seedling height is 2.6m, and Mixture benefits are significant.After the technology of the present invention application, China fir is flat in mixed forest
The equal diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground improves 0.16cm, and 14.4% and 8.7% has been respectively increased in the effective N of timbered soil nutrient, P content, further illustrates
Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations are mixed to hand over the deciduous species such as red cone, canopy wood, castanopsis fissa, can not only promote the growth of China fir, improve soil ring
Border, adjustment forest stand spatial structure, and the comprehensive benefit in unit area forest land is significantly improved.
Embodiment 3
Enforcement place: the state-run Huashan forest farm in the county Huan Jiang
It is mixed to hand over preceding standing forest situation: 18 years raw Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations pure forest standing forests, height above sea level 456m.Original planting density seeding row spacing 2m
× 1.5m, process artificial intermediate cutting twice, reserve mean DBH increment 21.7cm, tree high 18.4m, 74 plants/acre of the density of crop, by 72 °
It is 0.43 that standard angle, which investigates standing forest uniform angle,.
Technology is implemented: fair weather being selected to carry out standing forest uniform angle proportion, strain by 72 ° of standard angle control standing forest uniform angles for 0
Spacing is 2.0-2.5m, digs bright bank by a height of 40cm × 40cm of length and width × 35cm specification.After rain in March, mixes soil and apply total support
Divide the compound fertilizer 0.5kg of content 40%, by Phoebe bournei, Michelia macclurei in 45 plants/acre of 1:1 ratio average growth, wherein Mixed effect is
Container seedling of the height of seedling in 1.3-1.5m.
Mongrel plants December current year to pilot forest investigation statistics and field observation, and Mixed effect survival rate is 100%, wealthy
Leaf tree species annual Seedling height is 2.2m, and Mixture benefits are significant.After the technology of the present invention applies 5 years, stand structure level is distinct, China fir
The wooden mean DBH increment reaches 25.9cm, Mixed effect well-grown, storage rate 91%, wherein Phoebe bournei mean stand height 6.2m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
4.7cm, Michelia macclurei mean stand height 5.3m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3.8cm.The application of the technology of the present invention promotes the fast-growth of China fir, simultaneously
Do not influence Phoebe bournei, Michelia macclurei, sweetgum normal growth, effective N, P, K content of timbered soil nutrient has been respectively increased 13.5%,
10.7% and 3.8%, standing forest is hierarchically structured, the diversification of tree species.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of China fir and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, it is characterised in that: the standing forest skylight plot in Chinese fir plantations, root
Deciduous species are selected according to land occupation condition, mongrel plants 2-3 kind deciduous species shoot.
2. China fir according to claim 1 and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, it is characterised in that: the standing forest skylight
Block refers to the spacious plot for not retaining China fir plant formed in Chinese fir plantations due to natural death or artificial intermediate cutting vacancy.
3. China fir according to claim 1 and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) age of stand, land occupation condition, uniform angle and the density of crop for determining Chinese fir plantations are investigated；
(2) according to the age of stand of Chinese fir plantations and the mixed deciduous species for handing over 2-3 kind suitable of land occupation condition configuration；
(3) quantity and the position of Mixed effect plantation are determined according to uniform angle and the density of crop；
(4) bank is dug in planting location, applies base manure, is transplanted after spring rain.
4. China fir according to claim 3 and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, it is characterised in that in step (2), if China fir
The wooden pure forest is that young growth then selects less shade tolerant tree species, selects shade tolerance tree if Chinese fir plantations are middle age, nearly ripe or mature forest
Kind；Red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, perfume Zi Nan are configured if Chinese fir plantations are located at low altitude area, if Chinese fir plantations are located at
High altitude localities then configures red cone, erythrophloeum ferdii, sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, canopy wood, Michelia macclurei, Phoebe bournei.
5. China fir according to claim 4 and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, it is characterised in that: the deciduous species choosing
The container seedling of the high 1.3m or more of seedling taking.
6. China fir according to claim 3 and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, it is characterised in that in step (3), work as woods
When density being divided to be greater than 83 plants/acre, mongrel plant, strain spacing are carried out between 0-0.25 by 90 ° of standard angles control standing forest uniform angles
Between 1.5-2.5m；When the density of crop is less than 83 plants/acre, by 72 ° of standard angle control standing forest uniform angles between 0-0.25
Mongrel plant is carried out, strain spacing is between 2.0-3.0m.
7. China fir according to claim 3 and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over, it is characterised in that step (4) presses following behaviour
Carry out: digging length and width depth in planting location is the bright bank of 40cm × 40cm × 35cm, mixes soil and applies 0.4-0.6kg total nutrient content
40% or more compound fertilizer plants the deciduous species of mixed friendship after spring rain in proportion.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN109984008A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-09 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations structure of modification method |
| CN110122252A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | A kind of remodeling method improving the western wide fascia flap Characteristics and Water Conservation Function in river |
| CN110432112A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-12 | 王挺良 | A kind of Forest Cultivation method of soil fertility nature getting fat, high value sustainable fast growing forever |
| CN111280014A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Method for transforming artificial pure picea asperata forest into picea asperata multilayer mixed forest |
| CN111386953A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | Method for cultivating bitter bamboo for bamboo shoots in small diameter mode |
| CN111788981A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-20 | 福建农林大学 | Natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method |
| CN113141964A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | Planting method of long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions |
| CN113287462A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Method for transforming pure fir forest into broad fir mixed forest |
| CN113317105A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-08-31 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for improving soil ecological service function of fir forest based on plant function group construction |
| CN113854020A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-31 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for transforming artificial pure eucalyptus forest of south Asia tropical eucalyptus to eucalyptus wide heterogeneous mixed forest |
| CN115191311A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-18 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Fir artificial forest and its modification method and application |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109984008A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-09 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of Cunninghamia Lanceolata Plantations structure of modification method |
| CN110122252A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | A kind of remodeling method improving the western wide fascia flap Characteristics and Water Conservation Function in river |
| CN110432112A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-12 | 王挺良 | A kind of Forest Cultivation method of soil fertility nature getting fat, high value sustainable fast growing forever |
| CN111280014A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Method for transforming artificial pure picea asperata forest into picea asperata multilayer mixed forest |
| CN111386953A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | Method for cultivating bitter bamboo for bamboo shoots in small diameter mode |
| CN111788981A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-20 | 福建农林大学 | Natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method |
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| CN113141964B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2023-02-28 | 中南林业科技大学 | Planting method of long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions |
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| CN113287462A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Method for transforming pure fir forest into broad fir mixed forest |
| CN113854020A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-31 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for transforming artificial pure eucalyptus forest of south Asia tropical eucalyptus to eucalyptus wide heterogeneous mixed forest |
| CN115191311A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-18 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Fir artificial forest and its modification method and application |
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Application publication date: 20190101 |