CN106358974A - Method for reforming closed pure pinus massoniana forest into mixed forest - Google Patents
Method for reforming closed pure pinus massoniana forest into mixed forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358974A CN106358974A CN201610718219.4A CN201610718219A CN106358974A CN 106358974 A CN106358974 A CN 106358974A CN 201610718219 A CN201610718219 A CN 201610718219A CN 106358974 A CN106358974 A CN 106358974A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reforming a closed pure pinus massoniana forest into a mixed forest. The method comprises the following steps: selecting proper mixing tree species from the closed pure pinus massoniana forest according to retention density after intermediate cutting and biological characteristics of the mixing tree species, and planting 1-5 mixing tree species randomly according to a certain ratio. The method aims to form a long-term pinus massoniana artificial mixed near-natural forest with both ecological and economic functions, and on the basis of the time that a young pinus massoniana forest, a middle-aged pinus massoniana forest and a near-mature pinus massoniana forest are subjected to intermediate cutting for multiple times, and the sufficient consideration of the biological characteristics of the mixing tree species, proper mixing tree species with economic values can be reasonably selected. Practical applications show that the method is suitable for reforming the pure pinus massoniana forest into the mixed forest after closing under conditions of different tree ages and environments, the efficiency in artificially constructing the mixed forest can be remarkably improved, the mixed forest construction time can be shortened, the planting cost of mixed forest construction can be reduced, and due to multiple tree species and long and short-term planting, the economic benefits and the ecological benefits of the mixed forest can be sufficiently brought into play.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Forest-tree culture field, more particularly, to a kind of side that Pinus massoniana forest after closing is reconstructed into mixed forest
Method.
Background technology
Pinus massoniana Lamb is south China most important fast-growing and high-yield timber forest seeds, is south China instant forest area, lives and stand
Very big contribution has been made in wooden accumulation and timber yield.According to statistics, in south China forest reserves 16.9% derive from horse hair
Pine, China is gum rosin manufacturing country, and wherein 50% yield derives from Guangxi, embodies Pinus massoniana Lamb and has high economic valency
Value.
In China, more serious to the destruction ratio of Pinus massoniana natural forest, the substitute is Masson Pine Plantation pure forest.So
And, because large area pure forest species are single, occur pest and disease damage and the probability of fire to greatly increase, forest form structure is single, causes water
Soil keeps poor, and forest land soil fertility goes down, the problems such as deterioration of the ecological environment.With economic development, the ecological functions of artificial forest
Increasingly it is taken seriously, and mixed forest can give full play to function and the effect of forest, improve productivity of forest stand, improve timbered soil
Fertility, the generation adjusting standing forest miniclimate and reducing pest and disease damage and forest fire, improves soil physico-chemical property, protection is biological many
Sample, so that the ecology of forest, economical, societal benefits are played comprehensively.For this reason, development mixed forest is significant,
It is the inexorable trend of forest development.
At present, China has carried out some seeds and Pinus massoniana Lamb mixes the test of friendship, Masson Pine Plantation is cultivated and plays
Positive role.But when carrying out mixed friendship, all adopt mixed friendship between traditional strain, in the ranks mix friendship, Mixed in belt, Mixed in blocks pattern,
These patterns not only increase cost in plantation, the biological characteristicses of species when also not taking into full account mixed friendship, and whether collocation closes
Reason, and mixed friendship of the same age causes broad leaf tree compacting Growth of Masson Pine, thus leading to mixed forest to build unsuccessfully, can not give full play to
The complementary effect of Mixed effect.Meanwhile, traditional mode construction also fail in view of in mixed forest models different plant species random
Relation is it is impossible to reach artificial forest effect and the effect of near-nature forest.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be provide a kind of simple and practical, convenient and easy, excellent effect by after closing
The method that Pinus massoniana forest reconstructs into mixed forest.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention employs the following technical solutions:
The method that Pinus massoniana forest after closing is reconstructed into mixed forest, in Pinus massoniana forest after closing, after intermediate cutting
The Mixed effect that the biological characteristics Sexual behavior mode of the density of reservation and Mixed effect is suitable for, according to Pinus massoniana Lamb: broad leaf tree strain number compares 40-
100: 66-126 plants 1-5 kind Mixed effect at random.
Mixed effect includes sweetgum, Birch, smoothbark birch, red cone, lotus wood, castanopsis fissa, meter Lao Pai, Michelia macclurei, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, lattice
Wood, Phoebe bournei, hardwood nanmu, Dalbergia odorifera, Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz..
The above-mentioned method that Pinus massoniana forest after closing is reconstructed into mixed forest, comprises the following steps:
<1>determine that Pinus massoniana forest reaches the age of closing；
<2>density retaining after determining Pinus massoniana forest intermediate cutting；
<3>take into full account for the biological characteristicses with Pinus massoniana forest Mixed effect, according to mixing experiment weather conditions
Select different Mixed forestation seeds；
<4>1-5 kind associated species is configured according to conserved density, carry out mixed friendship by random arrangement after the optimization filtering out.
In step<3>, low altitude area 200-600m, High aititude 600-1200m growing area, low altitude area are divided in Pinus massoniana Lamb plantation
Area selects red cone, sweetgum, lotus wood, meter Lao Pai, Michelia macclurei, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Semen Erythrophlei fourdii, Phoebe bournei, Dalbergia odorifera as Mixed effect, Gao Hai
Rise sheer from level ground the red cone of area's selection, castanopsis fissa, sweetgum, Birch, smoothbark birch, castanopsis fissa, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Michelia macclurei, Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz., hardwood nanmu as mixed friendship
Seeds.
Pinus massoniana forest planting density is 166 plants/acre.
In step<1>, the Pinus massoniana forest closing time (canopy density reach 0.9) is divided into 5-6 (young growth), 10-12
(middle-aged forest), 16-20 (near-mature forest).
In step<2>, after 5-6 closing intermediate cutting, conserved density is 80-100 plant/acre, retains after 10-12 closing intermediate cutting
Density is 60-80 plant/acre, conserved density is 40-60 plant/acre after 16-20 closing intermediate cutting.
Step<3>is according to Pinus massoniana forest the closing time limit 5-6,10-12,16-20, Pinus massoniana Lamb and broad leaf tree quantity
Ratio respectively 80-100: 66-86,60-80: 86-106,40-60: 106-126.
For current Pinus massoniana Mixed Forests cost of forestation height, success rate is low, associated species is single, economy and ecological benefits are held
The continuous time is short, Pinus massoniana Lamb after-culture can not be become a useful person, build mixed forest can not substantially close to natural forests the problems such as, inventor establishes one
Plant the method that Pinus massoniana forest after closing is reconstructed into mixed forest, in Pinus massoniana forest after closing, according to retain after intermediate cutting
The Mixed effect that the biological characteristics Sexual behavior mode of density and Mixed effect is suitable for, 1-5 kind of planting at random according to a certain percentage is mixed and is handed over tree
Kind.This method is manually mixed by the Pinus massoniana Lamb of long-term ecological economy dual-purpose for the purpose of handing over near-natural forest, using Pinus massoniana Lamb young growth, middle age
The time of woods, near-mature forest intermediate cutting several times, and after intermediate cutting, preserve low density feature, take into full account the biology of Mixed effect
Characteristic, Mixed effect that is that reasonable selection is suitable for and having economic worth.When economic benefit is produced due to Pinus massoniana Lamb and Mixed effect
Between section difference (masson pine forest thinning timber benefit, Tapping Pinus Massoniana economic benefit, broad leaf tree timber economic benefit, precious tree
Plant timber economic benefit), the time enabling acquisition economic benefit reaches 50 years；And, mixed forest can greatly promote minimizing disease pest
Evil preventing and treating, the benefit reducing natural death, increasing the aspect such as ecological and social, enable forest land can obtain economic effect for a long time
Benefit, and can guarantee that the ecological benefits of forest land near-nature forest, improve the overall economic benefit in forest land.Additionally, using Mixed effect early stage
Growth is fast, seedling stage shade tolerant characteristic, is planted in after-culture, not only can guarantee that Growth of Masson Pine is not pressed, saves construction expense
With moreover it is possible to build into Pinus massoniana Lamb mixture plantation in the short time.Practical application shows, the present invention is applied to the different age of trees and environment
Lower Pinus massoniana forest is transform after closing as mixed forest, can significantly improve the efficiency of artificial Mixed Forests, and shorten
Mixed forest builds the time, saves the planting cost of construction mixed forest, many seeds, shot and long term combination can give full play to the warp of mixed forest
Ji benefit and ecological benefits.Therefore, the present invention has stronger practicality, operability, and popularizing application prospect is wide, for promoting
Pinus massoniana Lamb manually mixes hands over the development of near-natural forest to provide effective approach.
Specific embodiment
Pinus massoniana forest after closing is reconstructed into the method basic operational steps of mixed forest
<1>determine that Pinus massoniana forest reaches the age (canopy density reach 0.9) of closing；
The Pinus massoniana forest closing time can be divided into 5-6 (young growth), 10-12 (middle-aged forest), 16-20 (closely ripe
Woods).
<2>density retaining after determining Pinus massoniana forest intermediate cutting；
Usually, after 5-6 closing intermediate cutting conserved density be 80-100 plant/acre, conserved density after 10-12 closing intermediate cutting
It is 40-60 plant/acre for conserved density after 60-80 plant/acre, 16-20 closing intermediate cutting.
<3>take into full account for the biological characteristicses with Pinus massoniana forest Mixed effect, according to mixing experiment weather conditions
Select different Mixed forestation seeds；
Be suitable for Pinus massoniana Lamb mix friendship seeds include sweetgum, Birch, smoothbark birch, red cone, lotus wood, castanopsis fissa, meter Lao Pai,
Michelia macclurei, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Semen Erythrophlei fourdii, Phoebe bournei, hardwood nanmu, Dalbergia odorifera, Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz..
According to height above sea level, low altitude area 200-600m, High aititude 600-1200m growing area, low altitude area are divided in Pinus massoniana Lamb plantation
Area selects red cone, sweetgum, lotus wood, meter Lao Pai, Michelia macclurei, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Semen Erythrophlei fourdii, Phoebe bournei, Dalbergia odorifera as Mixed effect, Gao Hai
Rise sheer from level ground the red cone of area's selection, castanopsis fissa, sweetgum, Birch, smoothbark birch, castanopsis fissa, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Michelia macclurei, Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz., hardwood nanmu as mixed friendship
Seeds.
<4>according to conserved density configure 1-5 kind associated species, according to Pinus massoniana forest closing time limit 5-6,10-12,
16-20, by Pinus massoniana Lamb with broad leaf tree quantity than 80-100: 66-86,60-80: 86-106,40-60: 106-126 random arrangement
Carry out mixed friendship.
With reference to preceding method operating procedure, the present invention is described below in conjunction with example.
Embodiment 1
Enforcement place: Nanning Heng County town dragon forest farm Wu Guan branch 3 block, 113 mu of area, the former density of plantation 134
Plant/acre, seeding row spacing 2m × 2.5m.
According to seeds growth characteristics, choose red cone, Semen Erythrophlei fourdii, lotus wood etc. as Mixed effect, each Mixed effect is annual
Seedling.
According to the intensity of intermediate cutting after Pinus massoniana forest young growth closing, by pure forest density intermediate cutting to 80-100 plant/acre.In intermediate cutting
The bright bank of 40cm × 30cm × 40cm is dug in Pinus massoniana Lamb position, puts into 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate, returns soil.In rainy season according to 100: 34,95
: 39,90: 44 and 93: 47 broad leaf trees mix double ratio rate and are respectively 25.4%, 29.1%, 32.8% and 35.1%.With woods internal pore sky
Window is after-culture unit, cluster-shaped after-culture.
Embodiment 2
The 9 years raw Pinus massoniana forests in enforcement place Nanning Heng County town dragon forest farm.
According to seeds growth characteristics, choose castanopsis fissa, red cone, Michelia macclurei etc. as Mixed effect, each Mixed effect is one
Nian Shengmiao.
According to the storage rate after Pinus massoniana forest first time intermediate cutting, carry out intermediate cutting again, by pure forest density intermediate cutting to 60-80
Plant/acre.Dig the bright bank of 40cm × 40cm × 30cm in intermediate cutting Pinus massoniana Lamb position, put into 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate, return soil.In rainy season
Pinus massoniana Lamb according to 60-80: 60-50: broad leaf tree mixis ratio, with woods internal pore skylight for after-culture unit, according to random alignment
Mode plants broad leaf tree.
Embodiment 3
Enforcement place is the Huan Jiangxian Huashan, Guangxi forest farm 14-30 block, 10 years raw Pinus massoniana forests, and area is 105 mu.
Select sweetgum, castanopsis fissa, red cone, lotus wood etc. as Mixed effect.
According to the storage rate after Pinus massoniana forest first time intermediate cutting, carry out intermediate cutting again, by pure forest density intermediate cutting to 60-80
Plant/acre.Dig the bright bank of 40cm × 40cm × 30cm in intermediate cutting Pinus massoniana Lamb position, put into 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate, return soil.In rainy season
Pinus massoniana Lamb according to 60-80: 30-50: broad leaf tree mixis ratio, with woods internal pore skylight for after-culture unit, according to random alignment
Mode plants broad leaf tree.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into mixed forest method it is characterised in that: Pinus massoniana forest after closing
In, the Mixed effect that the biological characteristics Sexual behavior mode according to the density retaining after intermediate cutting and Mixed effect is suitable for, according to Pinus massoniana Lamb: wealthy
Leaf tree strain number is planted at random than 40-100: 66-126 1-5 kind Mixed effect.
2. according to claim 1 by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into mixed forest method it is characterised in that: described
Mixed effect include sweetgum, Birch, smoothbark birch, red cone, lotus wood, castanopsis fissa, meter Lao Pai, Michelia macclurei, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Semen Erythrophlei fourdii, Phoebe bournei,
Hardwood nanmu, Dalbergia odorifera, Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz..
3. according to claim 1 by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into mixed forest method it is characterised in that include
Following steps:
<1>determine that Pinus massoniana forest reaches the age of closing；
<2>density retaining after determining Pinus massoniana forest intermediate cutting；
<3>take into full account for the biological characteristicses with Pinus massoniana forest Mixed effect, selected according to mixing experiment weather conditions
Different Mixed forestation seeds；
<4>1-5 kind associated species is configured according to conserved density, random arrangement carries out mixed friendship.
4. according to claim 3 by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into the method for mixed forest it is characterised in that step <
3 >, in, low altitude area selects red cone, sweetgum, lotus wood, meter Lao Pai, Michelia macclurei, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Semen Erythrophlei fourdii, Phoebe bournei, Dalbergia odorifera as mixed
Hand over seeds, high altitude localitiess select red cone, castanopsis fissa, sweetgum, Birch, smoothbark birch, castanopsis fissa, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Michelia macclurei, Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.,
Hardwood nanmu is as Mixed effect.
5. according to claim 3 by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into mixed forest method it is characterised in that: described
Pinus massoniana forest planting density is 166 plants/acre.
6. according to claim 3 by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into the method for mixed forest it is characterised in that step <
1 >, in, the Pinus massoniana forest closing time is divided into 5-6,10-12,16-20.
7. according to claim 3 by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into the method for mixed forest it is characterised in that step <
2 > in, after 5-6 closing intermediate cutting conserved density be 80-100 plant/acre, after 10-12 closing intermediate cutting conserved density be 60-80 strain/
After mu, 16-20 closing intermediate cutting, conserved density is 40-60 plant/acre.
8. according to claim 3 by Pinus massoniana forest after closing reconstruct into the method for mixed forest it is characterised in that step <
3 > according to Pinus massoniana forest the closing time limit 5-6,10-12,16-20 in, Pinus massoniana Lamb and broad leaf tree quantity are than respectively 80-
100∶66-86、60-80∶86-106、40-60∶106-126.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106857177A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-20 | 陈彬 | The method of forestation of nanmu is interplanted under a kind of Pinus massoniana Canopy |
| CN107258468A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Slash Pine Plantations reconstruct technology |
| CN108541500A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-18 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | A kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method |
| CN109006091A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-12-18 | 洪永辉 | Camellia nitidissima method of planting is transformed under different age irregular forest and crown canopy in a kind of Pinus massoniana forest |
| CN109089757A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-28 | 国家林业局竹子研究开发中心 | A kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood |
| CN109105121A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-01 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | China fir and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over |
| CN111194675A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-05-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for blending wood and fat with needle and broad for improving fireproof effect |
| CN111316885A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Pine and broad mixed sustainable operation method based on scientific fat collection |
| CN113287462A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Method for transforming pure fir forest into broad fir mixed forest |
| CN116369192A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-07-04 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for quickly constructing acacia pure forest mixing |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106857177A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-20 | 陈彬 | The method of forestation of nanmu is interplanted under a kind of Pinus massoniana Canopy |
| CN107258468A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Slash Pine Plantations reconstruct technology |
| CN109006091A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-12-18 | 洪永辉 | Camellia nitidissima method of planting is transformed under different age irregular forest and crown canopy in a kind of Pinus massoniana forest |
| CN108541500A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-18 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | A kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method |
| CN109089757A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-28 | 国家林业局竹子研究开发中心 | A kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood |
| CN109105121A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-01 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | China fir and the broad leaf tree different age mixed method handed over |
| CN111194675A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-05-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for blending wood and fat with needle and broad for improving fireproof effect |
| CN111316885A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Pine and broad mixed sustainable operation method based on scientific fat collection |
| CN113287462A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Method for transforming pure fir forest into broad fir mixed forest |
| CN116369192A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-07-04 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for quickly constructing acacia pure forest mixing |
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