CN109089757A - A kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood - Google Patents
A kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089757A CN109089757A CN201810853076.7A CN201810853076A CN109089757A CN 109089757 A CN109089757 A CN 109089757A CN 201810853076 A CN201810853076 A CN 201810853076A CN 109089757 A CN109089757 A CN 109089757A
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- 244000302661 Phyllostachys pubescens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 235000003570 Phyllostachys pubescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003976 plant breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000050510 Cunninghamia lanceolata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000208682 Liquidambar Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006552 Liquidambar styraciflua Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011609 Pinus massoniana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000610442 Schima superba Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009309 intensive farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000544043 Blyxa aubertii Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000546 chi-square test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003309 forest litter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction methods handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood, select the breeding seedling of associated species in natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, the bamboo in quasi- plant breeding seedling position periphery 1~5m radius is cut down in moso bamboo pure forest and clears up underground bamboo whip, form growth woods window, the breeding seedling of associated species is transplanted when spring, control the planting proportion of associated species, increase with the tree crown of associated species, it increase accordingly the felling radius of associated species position periphery bamboo, the range of control growth woods window;Annual 7~August part is digged, and chops and clean up the bamboo whip in woods window radius in soil off, reduces the below-ground competition to associated species root growth.The present invention can simulate the ecological environment of natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, so that ecologic structure of the structure of plant community close to natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, reaches the ecological balance, and bamboo and wood capacity of self-regulation enhances, weeds and pest and disease damage are reduced, and realize Sustainable Operation.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of Forestry Ecological remodeling method, especially a kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood is raw
State remodeling method.
Background technique
Moso bamboo is a kind of typical Forest Types of south China, it grows, and fast, the period is short, yield is high, purposes is wide, is had simultaneously
There is stronger carbon sequestration capacity.China is moso bamboo main product, and bamboo grove area is up to 4,430,000 hm2, account for the 74% of all bamboo grove areas.On
50~sixties of century, most of China's mao bamboo woods are natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, mainly broad leaf tree or needle, broad leaf tree and moso bamboo
Naturally mixed life.Its composition ratio utilizes the felling of needle, broad leaf tree with the rhizomatous strong procreation competition of moso bamboo and people, by
Gradually become the Mixed bamboo stand of moso bamboo dominance by the standing forest of other tree species dominances.Management level at that time is very low, mostly rents
Operation is put, but Mixed bamboo stand still remains good ecological environment, seldom generation pest and disease damage.Since the seventies, in order to chase after
Bamboo shoots, bamboo wood high yield are asked, moso bamboo pure forest intensive farming is widelyd popularize in various regions, and various types of natural moso bamboo mixed forest is big
Part is transformed into moso bamboo pure forest, and mao bamboo woods expand whip sprawling, and area expands rapidly.
Due to for the purpose of obtaining maximum economic benefit, ignoring the continual and steady effect of Bamboo Forest Ecosystem for a long time, cause
The productivity decline of bamboo stand is serious, and resistance decline is unstable so as to cause yield, and quality decline, major diameter bamboo ratio subtracts
It is few, influence the Sustainable Operation of bamboo grove.Be in particular in: regular, high-intensitive artificial business activities, annual or every degree are adopted
Cut down the ultrashort period of felling in turn operation mode of bamboo shoot bamboo, intensity is felled, full bamboo is felled to utilize etc. and robs formula management tactics, with leading to bamboo grove raw
Object amount is given back less, and the artificial output quantity of nutrient element is big;Simple to rely on chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer, the output of economic flow rate takes
Certainly in dose, and long-term a large amount of application chemical nitrogen fertilizers, cause soil acidification, hardened, the continuous leaching loss of nutrient element;Large area hair
The exploitation of bamboo pure forest, bio-diversity reduces in woods, and environmental resource space utilization rate is low, and bamboo grove ability of fattening oneself is poor, and when pest and disease damage has
Occur;Simultaneously as unreasonable soil management causes bamboo grove severe water and soil erosion etc. if forest land seasonality is cultivated entirely year after year.With
" conservation culture " theory be gradually rooted in the hearts of the people, intensive farming moso bamboo pure forest productivity decline, soil fertility decline etc. cause through
The bamboo grove Ecological Management mode that moso bamboo pure forest is transformed into Mixed bamboo stand etc. is become a kind of inexorable trend by the decline for benefit of helping.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction methods handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood.This hair
The bright ecological environment that can simulate natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, so that ecology knot of the structure of plant community close to natural bamboo-wood mixed forest
Structure reaches the ecological balance, and bamboo and wood capacity of self-regulation enhances, and weeds and pest and disease damage are reduced, and realizes bamboo grove Sustainable Operation.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood, including it is following
Step:
A. the breeding seedling of associated species in natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, and selection associated species plant breeding seedling are selected
Position;
B. the bamboo in quasi- plant breeding seedling position periphery 1~5m radius is cut down in moso bamboo pure forest and clear up underground bamboo
Whip forms growth woods window;
C. when spring transplant associated species breeding seedling, in moso bamboo pure forest associated species quantitative proportion maintain 20%~
40%, bamboo quantitative proportion maintains 60%~80%;
D. increase with the tree crown of associated species, increase accordingly the felling radius of associated species position periphery bamboo, control life
The range of long woods window;
E. annual 7~August part is digged, and chops and clean up the bamboo whip in woods window radius in soil off, reduces to association
The below-ground competition of tree species root growth.
The above-mentioned mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood, in step d, the model of control growth woods window
It encloses and at least continues to be greater than the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of 1/2 bamboo and the plant height of associated species to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of associated species with the cleaning of underground bamboo whip
Until plant height greater than 1/2 bamboo.
The mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood above-mentioned in step a, selects the moso bamboo of quasi- transformation
The breeding seedling of associated species in natural bamboo-wood mixed forest in pure forest neighborhood peripheral extent.
The mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood above-mentioned, associated species breed seedling and select base diameter
The healthy and strong seedling of 2cm or more, plant height 1m or more.
The mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood above-mentioned, in step a, by natural Mixed bamboo stand
Associated species spacing in the rows and distribution sites plant breeding seedling in template.
The mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood above-mentioned, in step c, associated species quantitative proportion
30% is maintained, bamboo quantitative proportion maintains 70%.
The mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood above-mentioned in step d, cuts down associated species position
Also associated species or moso bamboo are sparselyed fell respectively after the bamboo of periphery, the reservation after the sparselying fell of unit area associated species or moso bamboo
Strain number are as follows:
In formula: nriIt is the reservation strain number after the associated species or moso bamboo of the unit area of diameter rank i after cutting down are sparselyed fell, N is thin
The associated species of unit area before cutting down or moso bamboo strain number, F=F (x) are that the relative accumulation of associated species or moso bamboo is straight before sparselying fell
Diameter frequency, x are the diameter of associated species or moso bamboo, l is the associated species that diameter is x or moso bamboo sparsely fell after retention rate;
The total retention rate L of the associated species or moso bamboo of unit area are as follows:
It is sampled to obtain l (F)=FC;
:L (F)=FC;
Simultaneous above formula and a formula have:
When one timing of thinning intensity, the reservation strain number and nr of rear unit area are sparselyed felliIt is equal to:
It can must sparsely fell the reservation strain number nr of rear unit areaiWith the relative accumulation diameter frequency for sparselying fell preceding associated species or moso bamboo
The associated species or moso bamboo that rate F=F (x) and diameter are x sparsely fell after retention rate l relationship, from there through sparselying fell preceding associated tree
Retention rate l after the associated species or moso bamboo that the relative accumulation diameter frequency F=F (x) and diameter of kind or moso bamboo are x are sparselyed fell comes
To the reservation strain number nr for sparselying fell rear unit areai。
Compared with prior art, the present invention can simulate the ecological environment of natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, so that moso bamboo pure forest exists
Ecologic structure of the structure of plant community close to natural bamboo-wood mixed forest, stability between tree species in Mixed bamboo stand after ecological reconstruction
Height, structure of community, dynamic and succession reach the ecological balance closer to competition and selection result naturally.The intensive warp of moso bamboo pure forest
Battalion's problem highlights, and increases especially as moso bamboo pure forest operating cost in recent years, and income reduces, and rural labour is insufficient, large area hair
Bamboo pure forest is left uncultivated, and is resulted in waste of resources.And scholar's earth is loose in Mixed bamboo stand, moistens, generally take split grass foster it is just desirable
Good effect is obtained, work is thrown and saves, manage simplicity, suit large area to popularize.
Further, the moso bamboo pure forest neighborhood of the quasi- transformation of selection, associated tree in the natural bamboo-wood mixed forest in peripheral extent
The breeding seedling of kind, the breeding seedling of associated species, which obtains, to be easy, at low cost, is easy to grow and manage.
Still further, can be very good simulated estimation by formula sparselys fell the shadow being distributed to associated species or bamboo diameter
It rings.The formula can be very good simulated estimation and sparsely fell the influence being distributed to associated species or moso bamboo diameter, by sparselying fell preceding association
Retention rate l after the associated species or moso bamboo that the relative accumulation diameter frequency F=F (x) of tree species or moso bamboo and diameter are x are sparselyed fell comes
Obtain sparselying fell the reservation strain number nr of rear unit areai。
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the theoretical value and measured value that the present invention sparselys fell that associated species or moso bamboo in test retain the distribution of strain number diameter
Chi-square Test result.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not intended as the foundation limited the present invention.
Embodiment 1: using Longquan, Zhejiang Province Fengyang mountain natural bamboo-wood mixed forest as template, High aititude natural bamboo-wood mixed forest is main
Associated species is China fir, masson pine etc.;The main associated species of low altitude area standing forest is sweetgum, Schima superba etc..Its mixed forest is mostly general
First there is trees pure forest, later as the sprawling of moso bamboo whip system is protruded into wherein, to form Mixed bamboo stand.Bamboo and wood mixis ratio type
Multiplicity is mostly random distribution with standing forest (50% or more bamboo quantitative proportion) the associated species distribution of bamboo grove dominance.By natural
Bamboo and wood is mixed to hand over template to carry out ecology transformation to Different Altitude moso bamboo pure forest, and seedling is derived from dragon's fountain forestry bureau seedling breeding base.
Spring plant cuts down out the woods window that radius is 1m, clears up underground bamboo whip in woods window.Select healthy and strong kind of base diameter 2cm, plant height 1m or more
Seedling simulates associated species spacing in the rows and distribution sites in natural bamboo-wood mixed forest and transplants seedling, unit area seedling quantity ratio at random
30%, bamboo quantitative proportion is controlled 70% for example control.Increase with the tree crown of associated species, increase accordingly associated species position
The felling radius of periphery bamboo.It digs in annual 7~August part, chops and clean up the bamboo whip in woods window radius in soil off,
Reduce the below-ground competition to associated species root growth.The control of ground woods window, the cleaning of underground bamboo whip at least continue to associated species
Stop after the 1/2 bamboo diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of >, 1/2 bamboo plant height of plant height >.In the improved Mixed bamboo stand of ecology, the ecological balance,
Pest and disease damage reduce, capacity of self-regulation enhancing, and in standing forest litter maximum water-holding capacity than moso bamboo pure forest improve 15%
~20%;In high altitude regions, moso bamboo crushing by snow mitigates 50% or more;In Mixed bamboo stand moso bamboo mean DBH increment improve 4%~
8%, average plant height improves 10~15%, average single plant bamboo wood output increased 25%~35%;Mixed bamboo forest subterranean stem strengthens whip ratio
Example increases by 10%~15%, strengthens bud ratio and increases by 15%~25%, bamboo whip relative length (unit area bamboo whip total length/bamboo strain
Quantity) increase by 5%~10%;Due to the ecological environment that Mixed bamboo stand is suitable for, Shoot Stage of Mao Bamboo extends 5~10 days, sustainable warp
Battalion's ability significantly increases.
Embodiment 2: using Jiangxi River natural bamboo-wood mixed forest as template, the main association of High aititude natural bamboo-wood mixed forest
Tree species are China fir, masson pine etc.;The main associated species of low altitude area standing forest is sweetgum, Schima superba etc..Its mixed forest is mostly generally first to have
Trees pure forest, later as the sprawling of moso bamboo whip system is protruded into wherein, to form Mixed bamboo stand.Bamboo and wood mixis ratio type is more
Sample is mostly random distribution with standing forest (50% or more bamboo quantitative proportion) the associated species distribution of bamboo grove dominance.By natural bamboo
Wood is mixed to hand over template to carry out ecology transformation to Different Altitude moso bamboo pure forest, also to companion after cutting down associated species position periphery bamboo
Raw tree species or moso bamboo are sparselyed fell respectively, the reservation strain number after the sparselying fell of unit area associated species or moso bamboo are as follows:
In formula: nriIt is the reservation strain number after the associated species or moso bamboo of the unit area of diameter rank i after cutting down are sparselyed fell, N is thin
The associated species of unit area before cutting down or moso bamboo strain number, F=F (x) are that the relative accumulation of associated species or moso bamboo is straight before sparselying fell
Diameter frequency, x are the diameter of associated species or moso bamboo, l is the associated species that diameter is x or moso bamboo sparsely fell after retention rate;
The total retention rate L of the associated species or moso bamboo of unit area are as follows:
It is sampled to obtain l (F)=FC;
:L (F)=FC;
Simultaneous above formula and a formula have:
When one timing of thinning intensity, the reservation strain number and nr of rear unit area are sparselyed felliIt is equal to:
According toRelational expression;Pass through associated species before sparselying fell or moso bamboo
Relative accumulation diameter frequency F=F (x) and diameter be x associated species or moso bamboo sparsely fell after retention rate l come after being sparselyed fell
The reservation strain number nr of unit areai.Comparison theory analysis obtains the experimental result of attached drawing 1.N in figureOSample is transformed for moso bamboo pure forest
Number, 1-L=thinning intensity (being the relative value for sparselying fell strain number), X2It is the chi-square value found out, f is freedom degree, X2(f, 0.05) be
The value of tabling look-up of significance.In all moso bamboo pure forest transformation ground, chi-square value is respectively less than tabling look-up for 0.05 significance
Value X2(f, 0.05).The formula can be very good simulated estimation and sparsely fell the influence being distributed to associated species or moso bamboo diameter, pass through
After the relative accumulation diameter frequency F=F (x) of associated species or moso bamboo is sparselyed fell with associated species or moso bamboo that diameter is x before sparselying fell
Retention rate l obtain sparselying fell the reservation strain number nr of rear unit areai。
Claims (7)
1. a kind of mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
A. the breeding seedling of associated species in natural bamboo-wood mixed forest is selected;
B. the bamboo in quasi- plant breeding seedling position periphery 1~5m radius is cut down in moso bamboo pure forest and clear up underground bamboo whip, shape
At growth woods window;
C. when spring transplant associated species breeding seedling, in moso bamboo pure forest associated species quantitative proportion maintain 20%~
40%, bamboo quantitative proportion maintains 60%~80%;
D. increase with the tree crown of associated species, increase accordingly the felling radius of associated species position periphery bamboo, control growth woods
The range of window;
E. annual 7~August part is digged, and chops and clean up the bamboo whip in woods window radius in soil off, reduces to associated species
The below-ground competition of root growth.
2. the mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In rapid d, the range of control growth woods window and the cleaning of underground bamboo whip at least continue to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of associated species the chest for being greater than 1/2 bamboo
Until the plant height of diameter and associated species is greater than the plant height of 1/2 bamboo.
3. the mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In rapid a, the breeding seedling of associated species in the natural bamboo-wood mixed forest in the moso bamboo pure forest neighborhood peripheral extent of quasi- transformation is selected.
4. the mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: companion
The healthy and strong seedling of raw tree species breeding seedling selection base diameter 2cm or more, plant height 1m or more.
5. the mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In rapid a, by associated species spacing in the rows in natural Mixed bamboo stand template and distribution sites plant breeding seedling.
6. the mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In rapid c, associated species quantitative proportion maintains 30%, and bamboo quantitative proportion maintains 70%.
7. the mixed moso bamboo pure forest ecological reconstruction method handed over of simulation natural bamboo-wood according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
In rapid d, also associated species or moso bamboo are sparselyed fell respectively after cutting down associated species position periphery bamboo, unit area associated tree
Kind or the sparselying fell of moso bamboo after reservation strain number are as follows:
In formula: nriIt is the reservation strain number after the associated species or moso bamboo of the unit area of diameter rank i after cutting down are sparselyed fell, N is before sparselying fell
Unit area associated species or moso bamboo strain number, F=F (x) be the relative accumulation diameter frequency of associated species or moso bamboo before sparselying fell
Rate, x are the diameter of associated species or moso bamboo, l is the associated species that diameter is x or moso bamboo sparsely fell after retention rate;
The total retention rate L of the associated species or moso bamboo of unit area are as follows:
It is sampled to obtain l (F)=FC;
:L (F)=FC;
Simultaneous above formula and a formula have:
When one timing of thinning intensity, the reservation strain number and nr of rear unit area are sparselyed felliIt is equal to:
It can must sparsely fell the reservation strain number nr of rear unit areaiWith the relative accumulation diameter frequency F=for sparselying fell preceding associated species or moso bamboo
The associated species or moso bamboo that F (x) and diameter are x sparsely fell after retention rate l relationship, from there through associated species before sparselying fell or hair
Retention rate l after associated species or moso bamboo that the relative accumulation diameter frequency F=F (x) of bamboo and diameter are x is sparselyed fell is sparselyed fell
The reservation strain number nr of unit area afterwardsi。
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CN110558146B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-08-31 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Low-yield low-efficiency phyllostachys pubescens forest rarefying and colorizing integral transformation method |
CN115500217A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-23 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Directional breeding method for bulbodium of burreed rhizome of white crane food source plant |
CN115500217B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2024-01-19 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Directional propagation method of white crane food source plant common burreed rhizome corm |
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