CN110558146B - Low-yield low-efficiency phyllostachys pubescens forest rarefying and colorizing integral transformation method - Google Patents
Low-yield low-efficiency phyllostachys pubescens forest rarefying and colorizing integral transformation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-yield low-efficiency phyllostachys pubescens forest rarefying and colorizing integral transformation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method is suitable for selection of the transformed moso bamboo forest; (2) cutting in block mode at intervals; (3) clearing forest lands; (4) performing hole soil preparation; (5) tree species configuration and design; (6) planting seedlings; (7) tending and managing. The method is simple and easy to master, has obvious effect, and can obviously improve the transformation effect of the low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest. The low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest valuing and colorizing integral transformation method is simple and easy to master, has obvious effect and can obviously improve the transformation effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest cultivation, in particular to a low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest valuating and colorizing integral transformation method.
Background
Mao bamboo is also called nan bamboo, Jiang nan bamboo, Gramineae bamboo subfamily Phyllostachys, single-axis scattered type, high up to more than 20m and thick up to 18cm, fine material, difficult cracking and deformation, compression resistance, bending resistance and the like, and has high economic benefit. Great area of moso bamboo forest is developed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian provinces and other provinces, and the development of the moso bamboo processing and utilizing industry is promoted. However, with the increase of labor cost in recent years, part of the moso bamboo forest is distributed to the management and management, and a low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest with a certain area is generated. The low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest is extensive in general management and management, the amount of the stored standing bamboos per unit area is small, and 70-80 bamboos per mu are generally erected, even less; forest land is irrigated with mixed water and is clustered, forest looks are irregular, large-diameter bamboos are few, and small-diameter bamboos are many; the composition proportion of the vertical bamboo is disordered, the strong bamboo is less, and the old bamboo is more. The current development of low-yield moso bamboo forest reconstruction generally rapidly improves the quality of bamboo forest resources and the yield per unit area, but is limited by high cost and difficult to put into action. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a technology suitable for low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest reconstruction, and combine strategic plans such as beautiful countryside, precious color forest construction and the like to perform the precious and colorful integrated reconstruction of the low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest, so that the development of reconstruction work of forestry production departments is facilitated, and the reconstruction effect is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of a low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest valuating and colorizing overall transformation method which is simple and easy to master, has obvious effect and can obviously improve the transformation effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest valualization and colorization integral transformation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method is suitable for selection of the transformed low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest;
(2) carrying out interval block felling on the low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest selected in the step (1), and cleaning the felled forest land;
(3) replanting precious tree species and color-leaf tree species seedlings in the cut land in the step (2);
(4) tending and managing the plots planted with the precious tree species and the color-leaf tree species seedlings in the step (3);
(5) carrying out block-shaped felling on the rest moso bamboo forest until all the moso bamboo forest is felled, and then carrying out forest land cleaning on the felled land;
(6) replanting precious tree species and color-leaf tree species seedlings on the land cut in the step (5) according to the step (3);
(7) and (4) tending and managing the plots planted with the precious tree species and the color-leaf tree species seedlings in the step (6) according to the step (4).
The method for integrally transforming the low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest into the precious and colored bamboo forest comprises the following steps in step (1):
(1-a) selecting a low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest land block with the elevation of less than 300m, the gradient of less than 35 degrees, deep soil layer, fertility and good drainage;
and (1-b) carrying out field reconnaissance on the land blocks selected in the step (1-a), and selecting forest stands with less than 80 per mu of standing bamboos, forest land mixed irrigation, irregular forest stand, less large-diameter bamboos, more small-diameter bamboos, less strong-aged bamboos and more old bamboos for reconstruction according to the current growth situation of the moso bamboo forest.
The method for integrally transforming the low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest into the precious and colored bamboo forest comprises the following steps in step (2):
(2-a) selecting the harvesting time after the moso bamboos stop growing in winter;
(2-b) carrying out interval block-shaped felling, wherein the felling width is controlled to be 25-40 m, which is favorable for the growth of replanting seedlings;
(2-c) after felling, comprehensively tending the forest land, and cleaning up miscellaneous irrigation and branches in the forest land;
(2-d) preserving the naturally renewed sassafras, sweetgum, sapium sebiferum and quercus alba zonary tree species in the forest land.
The method for integrally transforming the low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest into the precious and colored bamboo forest comprises the following steps in step (3):
(3-a) selecting Zhejiang nan, Minnan, Chinese toon and Chinese toon precious tree species, sassafras, sweetgum and soapberry colored leaf tree species;
(3-b) sassafras tzumu, sweetgum and soapberry barren-resistant tree seeds are planted in the middle-upper slope position, and thunberg river nan, phoebe bournei, Chinese toon and Chinese toon are planted in the middle-lower slope position;
(3-c) selecting evergreen tree species of the Zhejiang nan and the Fujian nan to grow seedlings in a light medium container for 2-3 years, selecting naked-root seedlings of the Cedrela sinensis and the sassafras tzumu for 1-2 years, and selecting seedlings of the liquidambar formosana, the soapberry and the Toonae sinensis for 1 year; for the land parcel with convenient traffic, large-size land with the diameter at breast height of 5-8cm can be selected for planting full-crown seedlings;
(3-d) preparing soil in a cave shape for 1-3 years of seedlings, wherein the diameter of the cave is 40cm, and the depth of the cave is 30-40 cm; the diameter of the hole of the ground planting full-crown big seedling is 100cm, and the depth of the hole is 50-60 cm;
(3-e) controlling the planting density of the seedlings growing in 1-3 years to be 70-100 plants/mu; the spacing between the whole crown seedlings of the field planting is controlled to be 6-8 m.
The method for integrally transforming the low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest into the precious and colored bamboo forest comprises the following steps in step (4):
(4-a) after afforestation, tending for 3 times every year in 1-3 years, tending for the first time in 3-4 months, and cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing secondary tending for 6-7 months and 10-11 months respectively, and cleaning up the weed;
(4-b) tending for 1 time every year in 4-5 years after forestation, and tending for 6-7 months, and clearing up weeds in mixed irrigation; or nurturing for 2 times every year in 4-5 years after afforestation, and nurturing for the first time in 3-4 months, mainly cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing secondary tending for 6-7 months, and cleaning up weeds in the weed irrigation;
(4-c) clearing the vines which influence the growth of the newly planted seedlings during tending;
(4-d) keeping seedlings of precious tree species such as sassafras tzumu, liquidambar formosana and the like and color-leaved tree species updated in the forest;
and (4-e) discovering plants which are died of diseases, spraying pesticides in time, cleaning, and replanting the seedlings by combining with third tending in the same year.
The method for integrally transforming the low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest into the precious and colored bamboo forest comprises the following steps in step (5):
(5-a) cutting off the residual phyllostachys pubescens;
and (5-b) after felling, comprehensively tending the forest land and cleaning up the miscellaneous irrigation and branches in the forest land.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
1. aiming at low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forests, interval block-shaped felling is adopted, and compared with integral unified felling, the method is favorable for maintaining ecological balance and preventing natural disasters such as landslide and the like.
2. The height of the moso bamboo is usually about 10 meters, the cutting width is controlled to be 25-40 meters, the damage to the moso bamboo forest which is not cut in the adjacent area or the forest land where the seedlings of the precious trees and the color-leaf trees are planted can be avoided to the maximum extent when the whole moso bamboo cutting is fallen down, and the cleaning of the cut moso bamboo is facilitated; meanwhile, the cutting width is controlled to be 25-35 m, and the moso bamboos which are not cut at the periphery of the cutting area can shield partial sunlight for the nursery stocks of the replanted precious trees and the color-leaf trees, so that the condition that the nursery stocks of the replanted precious trees and the color-leaf trees are not survived and grow due to the fact that the sunlight is too sufficient is avoided.
3. The method is characterized in that 1-year-old seedlings of liquidambar formosana, soapberry and toona sinensis are selected, 2-3-year-old seedlings of evergreen tree species of the machilus thunbergii and the phoenix nanmu are selected, 1-2-year-old bare-rooted seedlings are selected for the toona sinensis and the sassafras tzumu deciduous tree species, the height of the seedlings is about more than one meter, the influence of weeds after fell of the moso bamboos on the growth of replanting seedlings can be effectively resisted after planting, and meanwhile, the problems that transplanting difficulty is high and survival is difficult due to the fact that the seedlings are too high and too large can be avoided.
4. Precious tree species and color-leaf tree species are planted in each logging area in a mixed mode, and deciduous tree species and evergreen tree species are planted in a mixed mode, so that the growth characteristics of different nursery stocks can be brought into play, the different nursery stocks supplement each other, the effects of mountain nobility and color change can be achieved, and the quick growth of the nursery stocks is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for integrally transforming a low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest into a precious and colored bamboo forest.
Detailed Description
Example 1
And selecting a moso bamboo forest for carrying out valuableness and colorization integral transformation. The retrofit time is selected to be 12 months. Preparing equipment and materials for reconstruction, such as a measuring rope, a compass, a chain saw, a hoe, a branch shear, a nursery stock and the like, and then felling and reseeding precious tree species and colored leaf tree species, wherein the specific steps comprise the following steps:
(1) low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest selection of a transformation test: the time is 12 months in 2014, the place is located in a sunny area in Hangzhou city in Zhejiang province, the altitude is 120m, the gradient is 32 degrees, the slope is south-east, the soil layer is deep and fertile, 72 bamboos are erected per mu, the forest is irregular, the large-diameter bamboos are few, and the small-diameter bamboos are many; the associated tree species in the bamboo forest comprise sassafras tzumu, sweetgum, Chinese tallow tree, Japanese pepper, Castanopsis Sclerophylla, etc.;
(2) carrying out interval block felling on the moso bamboo forest stand selected in the step (1) in 12 months in 2014, wherein the felling width is 40 m;
cleaning the forest land after cutting in the step (2) in 1 month of 2015, wherein the forest land comprises miscellaneous irrigation, weeds, branches and the like; keeping the tree species with different zones such as sassafras tzumu, sweetgum, Chinese tallow tree, castanopsis sclerophylla and the like which are naturally updated in the forest land;
(3) replanting the felled land in the step (2) with precious tree species and color leaf tree species
(3-a) selecting Zhejiang nan, Minnan, Chinese toon and Chinese toon precious tree species, sassafras, sweetgum and soapberry colored leaf tree species;
(3-b) sassafras, sweetgum and soapberry barren-resistant tree seeds are planted in the middle-upper slope position, and Zhejiang nan, Fujian nan, Chinese toon and Chinese toon are planted in the middle-lower slope position:
(3-c) selecting evergreen tree species of the Zhejiang nan and the Fujian nan to grow seedlings in a light medium container for 2-3 years, selecting naked-root seedlings of the Cedrela sinensis and the sassafras tzumu for 1-2 years, and selecting seedlings of the liquidambar formosana, the soapberry and the Toonae sinensis for 1 year;
(3-d) preparing soil in a cave shape in 2015 for 2 months, wherein the cave diameter is 40cm, and the cave depth is 30-40 cm;
(3-e) planting precious tree species (toona sinensis, photinia thunbergii, phoenix and Chinese toon) and colored leaf tree species (sweetgum, sassafras and soapberry) in 2015 for 3 months, wherein the planting density is controlled to be 74 plants/mu.
(4) Tending and managing the plots planted with the precious tree species and the color-leaf tree species seedlings in the step (3)
In 2015 (the first year after afforestation in the harvesting area) nurturing 3 times in total: performing first tending in 3-4 months, mainly cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing two times of tending in 6-7 months and 10-11 months, mainly cleaning up the weed; keeping the seedlings of sassafras tzumu, sweetgum and other tree species updated in the forest; and (5) finding plants which die from diseases, spraying pesticides in time, cleaning, and replanting the seedlings by combining third tending in the current year.
(5) Cutting off the residual phyllostachys pubescens in 2016 in 12 months; and in 2017, the forest land is comprehensively cleaned in 1 month, and miscellaneous irrigation, branches and the like in the forest land are cleaned.
(6) Selecting tree seeds and tree seed planting directions according to the method in the step (3), and performing pit soil preparation on the forest land cleaned in the step (5) in 2 months in 2017, wherein the pit diameter is 40cm, and the pit depth is 40 cm; planting precious tree species (toona sinensis, machilus thunbergii and cedrela sinensis) and colored-leaf tree species (liquidambar formosana, sassafras tzumu and sapindus mukorossi) in 2017 in 3 months, wherein the density is 74 plants/mu;
(7) overall tending is carried out in 2017 (the third year after first cutting area afforestation and the first year after second cutting area afforestation), 3 times are nursed in total: performing first tending in 3-4 months, mainly cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing two times of tending in 7 months and 10 months, mainly cleaning up weeds in mixed irrigation; keeping seedlings of sassafras, sweetgum, Chinese tallow and other tree species updated in the forest; finding plants which are died of diseases, spraying pesticides in time, cleaning, and replanting seedlings in combination with third nurturing in the current year;
overall tending is carried out in 2018, and the tending is carried out for 2 times: performing first tending in 3-4 months, mainly cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing secondary tending in 7 months, mainly cleaning up weeds in the weed irrigation; keeping seedlings of sassafras, sweetgum, Chinese tallow and other tree species updated in the forest; finding out plants died of diseases, spraying pesticides in time and cleaning; carrying out secondary tending in 11 months in the second felling area, and clearing up weeds in the weed irrigation area; performing nursery stock replanting at the end of 2018 years;
the natural seed falling and updating effect of the arbor species in the bare leakage area after the moso bamboo is cut off is good; in 2016, the regeneration seedlings of sassafras tzumu, sweetgum and other tree species are seen successively; in 2017, the investigation is carried out in a sample plot of 25m × 25m, 22 sassafras seedlings are naturally grown, the average tree height is 1.36m, 13 liquidambar formosana seedlings are naturally grown, and the average tree height is 0.95 m. The annual growth of newly planted nursery stock trees averagely reaches more than 0.5 m.
Example 2
And selecting a moso bamboo forest for carrying out valuableness and colorization integral transformation. The transformation time is 12 months in 2013. Preparing equipment and materials for reconstruction, such as a measuring rope, a compass, a chain saw, a hoe, a branch shear, a nursery stock and the like, and then felling and reseeding precious tree species and colored leaf tree species, wherein the specific steps comprise the following steps:
(1) low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest selection of a transformation test: the time is 12 months in 2013, the location is in a sunny region in Hangzhou city in Zhejiang province, the altitude is 220m, the slope is 30 degrees, the slope is towards the east slope, the transportation is convenient, 58 bamboo plants are erected per mu, the forest looks are irregular, and the associated tree species in the bamboo forest comprise cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Zhejiang persimmon, Litsea cubeba, Schima superba, Michelia jowar and the like;
(2) carrying out interval block-shaped felling on the moso bamboo forest stand selected in the step (1) in 12 months in 2013, wherein the width is 35 m;
cleaning the forest land after cutting in the step (2) in 1 month in 2014, wherein the forest land comprises weed irrigation, weeds, branches and the like; keeping the zonal tree species such as castanopsis sclerophylla, cyclobalanopsis glauca and michelia jowar from forest land;
(3) replanting the felled land in the step (2) with precious tree species and color leaf tree species
(3-a) selecting Zhejiang nan, Minnan, Chinese toon and Chinese toon precious tree species, sassafras, sweetgum and soapberry colored leaf tree species;
(3-b) sassafras, sweetgum and soapberry barren-resistant tree seeds are planted in the middle-upper slope position, and Zhejiang nan, Fujian nan, Chinese toon and Chinese toon are planted in the middle-lower slope position:
(3-c) planting whole-canopy seedlings in large-size fields with the average chest diameter of 5.5cm by using the thunberg-jiang nan, the Fujian nan, the Chinese toon, the sassafras, the liquidambar formosana hance, the soapberry, the lacquer tree and the Chinese toon;
(3-d) performing hole-shaped land preparation on the forest land cleaned in the step (3) in 2014 for 2 months, wherein the hole diameter is 100cm, and the hole depth is 60 cm;
(3-e) planting large-size full-crown seedlings such as sweetgum, soapberry, sumac and the like in 2014 for 3 months, wherein the average breast diameter is 5.5cm, and the distance between planted plants is 8 m;
(4) in 2014 (the first year after first harvest area afforestation), 3 times of fostering are performed in total: performing first tending in 3-4 months, mainly cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing two times of tending in 6-7 months and 10-11 months, mainly cleaning up the weed; maintaining the updated plantlets in the forest in the tending process;
(5) cutting off the residual phyllostachys pubescens in 12 months in 2014; and (5) performing comprehensive tending on the forest land in 2015 for 1 month, and cleaning up miscellaneous irrigation, branches and the like in the forest land.
(6) Selecting tree seeds and tree seed planting directions according to the method in the step (3), and performing hole-shaped soil preparation on the forest land cleaned in the step (5) in reference to the step (4) in 2015 for 2 months, wherein the hole diameter is 100cm, and the hole depth is 60 cm; planting large-size full-canopy seedlings according to the step (3) in 2015 3 months;
(7) tending 3 times in 2015 (the second year after first afforestation of the harvesting area, the first year after second afforestation of the harvesting area): performing first tending in 3-4 months, mainly cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing two times of tending in 6-7 months and 10-11 months, mainly cleaning up the weed; and maintaining the updated seedlings in the forest in the tending process.
The effect of replanting arbor species and big seedlings after the bamboo is cut off is good. The afforestation survival rate of the newly planted nursery stock reaches 100 percent, and the annual growth quantity of the tree averagely reaches more than 0.5 m.
From the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest valuating and colorizing integral transformation method is simple and easy to master, any person can operate independently with little training, and the effect of valuating and colorizing the moso bamboo forest by adopting the method is obvious.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest valualization and colorization integral transformation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method is suitable for selection of the transformed low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest;
(1-a) selecting a low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest land block with the elevation of less than 300m, the gradient of less than 35 degrees, deep soil layer, fertility and good drainage;
(1-b) carrying out field reconnaissance on the land blocks selected in the step (1-a), and selecting forest stands with less than 80 per mu of standing bamboos, forest land mixed irrigation, irregular forest stand, less large-diameter bamboos, more small-diameter bamboos, less strong-aged bamboos and more old bamboos for transformation according to the current growth situation of the moso bamboo forest;
(2) carrying out interval block felling on the low-yield low-efficiency moso bamboo forest selected in the step (1), and cleaning the felled forest land;
(2-a) selecting the harvesting time after the moso bamboos stop growing in winter;
(2-b) carrying out interval block-shaped felling, wherein the felling width is controlled to be 25-40 m, which is favorable for the growth of replanting seedlings;
(2-c) after felling, comprehensively tending the forest land, and cleaning up miscellaneous irrigation and branches in the forest land;
(2-d) preserving the native and renewed sassafras, sweetgum, sapium sebiferum and quercus nigra zonary tree species in the forest land;
(3) replanting precious tree species and color-leaf tree species seedlings in the cut land in the step (2);
(3-a) selecting Zhejiang nan, Minnan, Chinese toon and Chinese toon precious tree species, sassafras, sweetgum and soapberry colored leaf tree species;
(3-b) sassafras tzumu, sweetgum and soapberry barren-resistant tree seeds are planted in the middle-upper slope position, and thunberg river nan, phoebe bournei, Chinese toon and Chinese toon are planted in the middle-lower slope position;
(3-c) selecting evergreen tree species of the Zhejiang nan and the Fujian nan to grow seedlings in a light medium container for 2-3 years, selecting naked-root seedlings of the Cedrela sinensis and the sassafras tzumu for 1-2 years, and selecting seedlings of the liquidambar formosana, the soapberry and the Toonae sinensis for 1 year; for the land parcel with convenient traffic, large-size land with the diameter at breast height of 5-8cm is selected for planting full-crown seedlings;
(3-d) preparing soil in a cave shape for 1-3 years of seedlings, wherein the diameter of the cave is 40cm, and the depth of the cave is 30-40 cm; the diameter of the hole of the ground planting full-crown big seedling is 100cm, and the depth of the hole is 50-60 cm;
(3-e) controlling the planting density of the seedlings growing in 1-3 years to be 70-100 plants/mu; the spacing between the ground-planted full-crown big seedlings is controlled to be 6-8 m;
(4) tending and managing the plots planted with the precious tree species and the color-leaf tree species seedlings in the step (3);
(5) carrying out block-shaped felling on the rest moso bamboo forest until all the moso bamboo forest is felled, and then carrying out forest land cleaning on the felled land;
(6) replanting precious tree species and color-leaf tree species seedlings on the land cut in the step (5) according to the step (3);
(7) and (4) tending and managing the plots planted with the precious tree species and the color-leaf tree species seedlings in the step (6) according to the step (4).
2. The method for valuating and colorizing the low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (4) comprises the following steps:
(4-a) after afforestation, tending for 3 times every year in 1-3 years, tending for the first time in 3-4 months, and cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing secondary tending for 6-7 months and 10-11 months respectively, and cleaning up the weed;
(4-b) tending for 1 time every year in 4-5 years after forestation, and tending for 6-7 months, and clearing up weeds in mixed irrigation; or nurturing for 2 times every year in 4-5 years after afforestation, and nurturing for the first time in 3-4 months, mainly cleaning new bamboo shoots and new bamboos; performing secondary tending for 6-7 months, and cleaning up weeds in the weed irrigation;
(4-c) clearing the vines which influence the growth of the newly planted seedlings during tending;
(4-d) keeping the seedlings of the sassafras tzumu and the Liquidambar formosana precious tree species and the colored leaf tree species which are updated in the forest;
and (4-e) discovering plants which are died of diseases, spraying pesticides in time, cleaning, and replanting the seedlings by combining with third tending in the same year.
3. The method for valuating and colorizing a low-yield and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) comprises the following steps:
(5-a) cutting off the residual phyllostachys pubescens;
and (5-b) after felling, comprehensively tending the forest land and cleaning up the miscellaneous irrigation and branches in the forest land.
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