CN112868494A - Method for felling sympodial bamboos - Google Patents
Method for felling sympodial bamboos Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868494A CN112868494A CN202110049744.2A CN202110049744A CN112868494A CN 112868494 A CN112868494 A CN 112868494A CN 202110049744 A CN202110049744 A CN 202110049744A CN 112868494 A CN112868494 A CN 112868494A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for felling sympodial bamboos, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: determining a felling area and felling time; the harvesting area comprises N clusters which are distributed in an array, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1000, the distance between every two adjacent clusters is 3 meters, and 6-20 fasciculate bamboos grow in each cluster; the harvesting time is from the beginning of winter to the spring minutes of the next year; step two: planning a transportation road; step three: carrying out felling operation; cutting off part of sympodial bamboos in each cluster in the cutting area, and taking the rest sympodial bamboos as seed sources to provide nutrient substances for the germination of the cut bamboo shoots and the growth of new bamboos; step four: and cleaning the felling site. The method for felling the sympodial bamboos has the advantages of large bamboo shoot number, more formed new bamboos and high economic effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of felling of sympodial bamboos, and particularly relates to a sympodial bamboo felling method.
Background
Bamboo resources are used as important forest resources, are wide in distribution, rapid in growth and diverse in use, have extremely high economic value and ecological value, have great significance in sustainable and efficient utilization of the bamboo resources, and bamboo cutting is the first link of bamboo management and management. At present, bamboo forest management generally faces double pressure of price drop of raw materials of bamboo products and increase of rural labor cost, and is a key problem to be solved urgently for improving the operational benefits of bamboo forests. The large sympodial bamboos are the bamboos with the most outstanding excellent characteristics and the greatest potential of popularization, development and utilization in the bamboos and subfamily plants in the world, are important components and main resource types of bamboo resources, and the distribution area accounts for 2/3 of the total area of the bamboo forest in the world. The large-scale sympodial bamboos are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions in south China, are most abundant in Yunnan, are most concentrated in species distribution, are main subdivisions of the large-scale sympodial bamboos in the world, and have huge utilization values and ecological economic development potentials. Traditional felling operation of the sympodial bamboos is difficult, felling cost is high, operational benefit is low, management mode is extremely difficult, income of farmers is too low, enthusiasm is struck, development of bamboo industry is restricted, and resources are wasted. The jungle felling is a bamboo forest management mode integrating economic benefits and ecological benefits, changes the traditional jungle bamboo forest density, plant spacing and forest land cultivation technical mode, and solves the problem of increased management cost. Can the nature renewal recover after in order to ensure that clump of growing bamboo fells through setting up reasonable clump of growing trees fell the mode, through carrying out partial bamboo trunk felling to the bamboo clump after, the part of not felling supplies to clump of growing trees fells that some bamboo shoots sprout and new bamboo growth through the physiological integration with substances such as nutrient substance, photosynthetic products as mother bamboo, and then helps promoting clump of growing trees new bamboo forestation speed of clump of growing trees after gathering trees fells, spends unfavorable period.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method for felling bush bamboo, so as to solve the problem of low economic benefit in felling bush bamboo in the prior art. The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for felling sympodial bamboos, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a felling area and felling time;
the harvesting area comprises N clusters which are distributed in an array, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1000, the distance between every two adjacent clusters is 3 meters, and 6-20 fasciculate bamboos grow in each cluster;
the harvesting time is from the beginning of winter to the spring minutes of the next year;
step two: planning a transportation road;
step three: carrying out felling operation;
cutting off part of sympodial bamboos in each cluster in the cutting area, and taking the rest sympodial bamboos as seed sources to provide nutrient substances for the germination of the cut bamboo shoots and the growth of new bamboos;
step four: and cleaning the felling site.
Further, in the third step, half of the number of the bush bamboos in each bush are harvested.
Further, in the third step, one third of the number of the bush bamboos in each bush are harvested.
Furthermore, the proportion of the bush bamboos felled in the N bushes is equal.
Further, in the third step, the remaining sympodial bamboos are robust sympodial bamboos.
Further, in the second step, before the felling operation, reasonably planning a transportation channel of the sympodial bamboos, and marking the felling sequence and the toppling direction of the sympodial bamboos.
And further, in the fourth step, after the felling operation is finished, the felling area and the transportation channel are cleaned.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following practical effects:
1. according to the method for felling the sympodial bamboos, the average breast diameter and the bamboo yield of the newborn bamboos are ideal;
2. according to the method for cutting the sympodial bamboos, after the bamboo forest is cut, the number of the shoot is large, the number of new bamboos is large, and the economic effect is high.
3. The method for felling the sympodial bamboos mainly considers that felling of the sympodial bamboos is closely related to growth and development of bamboo plants and bamboo quality during the period from winter to spring minutes of the next year, the late summer and early autumn are the period when the bamboo shoots grow into the bamboos, the metabolism of the sympodial bamboos is vigorous, the generated and accumulated nutrient substances provide the growth and development requirements of the bamboo shoots and new bamboos, and the felling of the sympodial bamboos at the moment can cause a large amount of bleeding, and the sympodial bamboos are rich in nutrition, easy to ferment and induce plant diseases and insect pests; when the rainy season comes after summer, the moisture content of the sympodial bamboo is high, and the bamboo is easy to mildew and rot and even damaged by insects; during the period from winter to spring, the temperature is low, the humidity is low, the metabolism of bamboo plants is weakened, the bamboo liquid flows slowly, and the nutrients are conveyed to bamboo rhizomes for storage.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional felling of comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one-half felling in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one-third harvesting in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of full stand felling of example 3.
In the figure: 1-plexus; 2-the rest of sympodial bamboos; 3-felled sympodial bamboos; 4-bandwidth; and 5-felling unit.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
The invention provides a method for felling sympodial bamboos, which comprises the following steps as shown in figures 2-3:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a felling area and felling time;
the harvesting area comprises N clusters 1 distributed in an array, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1000, the distance between every two adjacent clusters 1 is 3 meters, and 6-20 fasciculate bamboos grow in each cluster 1;
the harvesting time is from the beginning of winter to the spring minutes of the next year;
step two: planning a transportation road;
step three: carrying out felling operation;
cutting off part of the sympodial bamboos in each cluster 1 in the cutting area, and taking the rest sympodial bamboos 2 as seed sources to provide nutrient substances for the germination of the cut bamboo shoots and the growth of new bamboos;
preferably, the right side of the N clumps 1, i.e., in each clump, is harvested with the right side portion of the harvested clump bamboo 3 and the left side portion of the harvested clump bamboo 2.
Step four: and cleaning the felling site.
The cutting time is from winter to spring minutes of the next year, the fact that the cutting of the sympodial bamboos is closely related to the growth and development of bamboo plants and the quality of the bamboos is mainly considered, the late summer and early autumn are the period of the bamboos growing out, the metabolism of the sympodial bamboos is vigorous, the generated and accumulated nutrient substances provide the needs for the growth and development of the bamboos and the new bamboos, and the cutting of the sympodial bamboos at this time can cause a large amount of bleeding, is rich in nutrition and easy to ferment, and induces plant diseases and insect pests; when the rainy season comes after summer, the moisture content of the sympodial bamboo is high, and the bamboo is easy to mildew and rot and even damaged by insects; during the period from winter to spring, the temperature is low, the humidity is low, the metabolism of bamboo plants is weakened, the bamboo liquid flows slowly, and the nutrients are conveyed to bamboo rhizomes for storage.
Because the natural renewal effect of the sympodial bamboos and the growth of new bamboos are directly influenced by the sympodial bamboos harvested in different degrees, the reasonable sympodial bamboos harvested is particularly important. It is necessary to adjust the harvesting area and determine the appropriate harvesting intensity to ensure that the harvest is not greater than the new harvest.
Preferably, in step three, half of the number of clump bamboos in each clump 1 are harvested.
Preferably, in step three, one third of the number of bush bamboos in each bush 1 are harvested.
Preferably, the proportion of the harvested sympodial bamboos 3 in the N clusters is equal.
Specifically, in the third step, the remaining sympodial bamboos 2 are robust sympodial bamboos. The healthy sympodial bamboos can better provide nutrition for the growth of new bamboos and can promote the ecological restoration of the sympodial bamboo forest more quickly.
Specifically, in the second step, before the felling operation, the transportation channel of the sympodial bamboos is reasonably planned, and the felling sequence and the toppling direction of the sympodial bamboos are marked.
Preferably, the inclination angle of the mountain is 30-45 degrees, and the optimal direction of the bamboo wood is the same as the inclination angle of the mountain, namely 30-45 degrees.
In the fourth step, after the felling operation is completed, the felling area and the transportation channel are cleaned, and the felled bamboo bundle can be recovered and updated as soon as possible.
Specifically, the redundant branches, the truncates and the like are cleaned in time according to requirements; transversely stacking the cleaned sundries in a place where water and soil are easy to corrode; cutting off shrubs, weeds and vines to expose the ground; accumulated water is discharged in time.
Example 1
1/2 Cluster harvesting method, as shown in FIG. 2.
The method comprises the following steps: determining a felling area and felling time;
the harvesting area comprises N clusters which are distributed in an array, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1000, the distance between every two adjacent clusters is 3 meters, and 10 cluster bamboos grow in each cluster;
the harvesting time is from the beginning of winter to the spring minutes of the next year;
step two: planning a transportation road;
step three: carrying out felling operation;
cutting 1/2 sympodial bamboos in each cluster in the cutting area, and taking the rest sympodial bamboos as seed sources to provide nutrient substances for the germination of the cut bamboo shoots and the growth of new bamboos;
and (3) harvesting the right sides of the N clusters 1, namely, the right side part of each cluster is harvested sympodial bamboos 3, and the left side part of each cluster is the rest sympodial bamboos 2.
Step four: and cleaning the felling site.
Before felling, the size of each clump was: the length of each clump is 6 meters, the width of each clump is 6 meters, and half of the clump bamboos of each clump are cut from the right side, so that after felling, the size of each clump is 3 meters long and 6 meters wide.
Example 2
1/3 Cluster harvesting method, as shown in FIG. 3.
The method comprises the following steps: determining a felling area and felling time;
the harvesting area comprises N clusters which are distributed in an array, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1000, the distance between every two adjacent clusters is 3 meters, and 6 cluster bamboos grow in each cluster;
the harvesting time is from the beginning of winter to the spring minutes of the next year;
step two: planning a transportation road;
step three: carrying out felling operation;
cutting 1/3 sympodial bamboos in each cluster in the cutting area, and taking the rest sympodial bamboos as seed sources to provide nutrient substances for the germination of the cut bamboo shoots and the growth of new bamboos;
felling the right sides of the N clusters 1, namely, the right side part of each cluster is felled cluster bamboo 3, and the left side is the rest cluster bamboo 2;
step four: and cleaning the felling site.
Before felling, the size of each clump was: the length of the bamboo is 6 meters, the width of the bamboo is 6 meters, one third of the bamboo in each clump is cut from the right side, and after felling, the size of each clump is 4 meters long and 6 meters wide.
Example 3
A full cluster harvesting method, as shown in fig. 4.
The method comprises the following steps: determining a felling area and felling time;
dividing a felling area into a plurality of longitudinal felling units 5, and in order to reduce water and soil loss of a forest land, spacing between adjacent felling units is 30 meters of bandwidth 4 (the average plant height of the dendrocalamus latiflorus is 15 meters, and the bandwidth 4 is two times of the height of the bamboos, namely 30 meters);
the harvesting time is from the beginning of winter to the spring minutes of the next year;
step two: planning a transportation road;
step three: carrying out felling operation;
cutting off all the sympodial bamboos in the cutting area;
step four: and cleaning the felling site.
Comparative example 1
Conventional selective cutting, as shown in fig. 1.
And (4) cutting strong bamboos for more than 3 years according to production requirements. The clump bamboo of each clump is 16, and the size of each clump is as follows: the length is 6 meters and the width is 6 meters. The distance between adjacent tufts was 3 meters.
Effects of the embodiment
The effects of the growth of new bamboos, the biodiversity of vegetation, the economic benefit and the like of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were compared, specifically, the production of new bamboos is shown in table 1, the biodiversity of vegetation is shown in table 2, and the economic benefit ratio for 3 years is shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 growth of New bamboo
As can be seen from the table 1, the average number of shoots and the number of formed bamboos are the largest in the whole cluster cutting, but the average breast diameter of the new bamboos is significantly lower than that of the other three strength cluster cutting modes, which indicates that the high-strength cluster cutting has a negative effect on the average breast diameter of the new bamboos. 1/3 average diameter of the bamboo is the largest but the bamboo yield is very low. 1/2 the ratio of bamboo formation and the diameter of new bamboo breast height are consistent with the conventional selective cutting level.
TABLE 2 Underforest vegetation biodiversity recovery
The table 2 shows that the under-forest vegetation recovery is treated by different clump cutting strengths, wherein the comprehensive number, diversity index and under-forest vegetation biomass of the two clump cutting modes of conventional cutting and 1/2 clump cutting are superior to those of 1/3 clump cutting and full clump cutting. The biomass of vegetation under the forest is the highest in full-stand harvest, but the species number and the biodiversity are low.
TABLE 3 average bamboo yield per mu per year
The felling in table 3 can promote the economic benefit of the dendrocalamus latiflorus, and the dendrocalamus latiflorus has different economic benefits under different felling modes. After the bamboo forest is cut and nurtured, the number of the shoot is large, the number of new bamboos is large, the cutting is highest in full-cluster cutting and 1/2 cluster cutting, and the cutting is as high as 9.3 plants/cluster and 7.5 plants/cluster; but the average breast diameter of the whole cluster felling is smaller, so the biomass per mu is the least. The yield per mu of 3 years is integrated, and the yield per mu of one year in the conventional selective logging area is calculated to be 613.2 yuan/mu; 1/2 the yield per mu in the cluster area is 683.2 yuan/mu; 1/3 the yield per mu in the cluster area is 319.2 yuan/mu; the yield per mu of the whole-cluster felling area in one year is 257.6 yuan/mu.
From the analysis results of tables 1, 2 and 3, the reasonable clumpy felling can restore the bamboo forest to the quality level of the traditional bamboo forest, through comparative analysis, the new bamboo and the under-forest vegetation which are conventionally cut by the selective felling and 1/2 clumps have stronger updating and restoring capability, all felling areas can almost restore to the pre-felling canopy density in 3 years, the bamboo can be used in the stalk age of more than three years of clumpy bamboos, and after the 3-year felling period, the clumpy felling is an optimal felling scheme through benefit comparison of 1/2 clumps.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features of the above embodiments, and modify or replace the technical solutions without substantially departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for felling sympodial bamboos is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a felling area and felling time;
the harvesting area comprises N clusters (1) distributed in an array, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1000, the distance between every two adjacent clusters (1) is 3 meters, and 6-20 fasciculate bamboos grow in each cluster (1);
the harvesting time is from the beginning of winter to the spring minutes of the next year;
step two: planning a transportation road;
step three: carrying out felling operation;
cutting off part of the sympodial bamboos in each cluster (1) in the cutting area, and taking the rest sympodial bamboos (2) as seed sources to provide nutrient substances for the germination of the cut bamboo shoots and the growth of new bamboos;
step four: and cleaning the felling site.
2. The method for harvesting sympodial bamboos according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, half of the number of the sympodial bamboos in each plexus (1) is harvested.
3. The method for harvesting sympodial bamboos according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, one third of the number of the sympodial bamboos in each plexus (1) is harvested.
4. Method for felling bush bamboos according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of bush bamboos (3) felled in the N bushes (1) is equal.
5. The bush bamboo harvesting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the third step, the remaining bush bamboo (2) is robust bush bamboo.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the transportation path of the sympodial bamboos is planned reasonably, and the cutting sequence and the direction of the sympodial bamboos are marked.
7. The method for harvesting sympodial bamboos according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, after the harvesting operation is completed, the harvesting area and the transportation channel are cleaned.
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Cited By (1)
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