CN111528182B

CN111528182B - Method for feeding amber silkworms by using avocado leaves

Info

Publication number: CN111528182B
Application number: CN202010460817.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟健; 许建初; 张海涯; 郭建伟; 罗泽文
Original assignee: Honghe Mountain Future Technology Co ltd; Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Honghe Mountain Future Technology Co ltd; Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2020-05-27
Filing date: 2020-05-27
Publication date: 2022-02-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-27
Also published as: CN111528182A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for feeding amber silkworms by using avocado leaves, belonging to the technical field of amber silkworm feeding. The method provided by the invention can be used for feeding amber silkworms of tussah genus of Bombycidae family by purposefully selecting the type of the cultivated feed trees and the type of the feeding insects, namely using the avocado leaves of avocado genus of Lauraceae family, and simultaneously obtaining 2 products, namely high-value avocado fruits and high-value amber silkworms. The design can enable two seemingly unrelated industries to be fused, and the leaves of the avocado can breed silkworms in addition to normal fruit bearing; the amber silkworms eat the avocado leaves, have normal growth and development and good health condition, and can successfully spin and cocooning, pupate and moth, and propagate for subculture. The two industries are developed in a synergistic way, the land water photo-thermal resources are shared, the personnel and management are overlapped, the production benefits and the economic benefits are overlapped, and the income is doubled.

Description

Method for feeding amber silkworms by using avocado leaves

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of amber silkworm feeding, in particular to a method for feeding amber silkworms of tussah genus in bombyx family by using avocado tree leaves of avocado genus in lauraceae family.

Background

Amber silkworm (Antheraea Assamensis Helfer, 1837), the Chinese academic name hook-wing giant silkworm moth, like wild silkworm and tussah silkworm, is an insect belonging to the family Hydrangeaceae, the order Lepidoptera, the genus Antheraea, and generally grows in the Yalu Tibet Bujiang river basin and in the hilly climate conditions in the east of Himalayas mountains, and is mainly distributed in the Indian Assambac (Assam) and the areas adjacent to the Assamen. Amber silk has natural golden yellow, luster, stable color and difficult fading, only india can produce and utilize a small amount currently, and is called assam silkworm or jia silkworm (mega silkwork) in india, and the assam is the main production area of amber silk, and accounts for more than 85 percent. The amber silk is mainly used for weaving high-grade waistbands, saree (saree) and the like, is comfortable to wear, has strong moisture absorption, is particularly durable, and can be used for more than 50 years generally. The amber silk has the advantages of rare yield, gorgeous and noble, enjoys the reputation, is always a royal product in ancient India, has very high commercial value and is 3-5 times of the domestic silk. According to investigation, the wild amber silkworm resources are found and recorded in the areas of Xishuangbanna, red river, Yuxi, Wenshan and the like in Yunnan province of China.

Avocado (Persea American Mill), also known as avocado, belongs to the family Lauraceae, the genus avocado, the evergreen tall tree, the native Mexico middle and Western Indian Islands. The avocado fruit is pear-shaped, the pulp of the mature avocado fruit is cream-flavor and rich in various unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, minerals and multiple vitamins, so the avocado fruit has the name of forest butter, is regarded as a fruit treasure by consumers, and is a typical high-energy low-sugar rare and healthy fruit in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition to being used as fruits, avocados have important industrial values, can be used as emulsifying agents for high-grade cosmetic raw materials, medicinal ointments, mechanical lubricating oils and the like, can also be used as biofuels and some important industrial derivatives, and seeds of the avocados are also used in the fields of foods, medicines, biological energy sources and the like. Avocados are now cultivated in more than 40 countries of the world, with mexico, guatemala, peru, and the southern united states being the most cultivated. China is cultivated in provinces and areas such as Hainan province, Guangxi province, Guangdong province, Taiwan province, Yunnan province and the like.

Avocado likes light, likes warm humid climate, is not cold-resistant, can tolerate low temperature of 0 ℃ in a short period only for individual varieties, is cultivated at 40-40 ℃ N in the world, and is suitable for the annual average temperature of 20-25 ℃. The average precipitation of the original place is generally over 1200 mm, obvious dry and wet seasons exist, and the precipitation of 1500-2000 mm is the best. The high temperature and high humidity environment condition can make it grow rapidly. High-temperature drought is extremely unfavorable for the growth of the plants, branches and leaves are easy to burn, and flowers and fruits can also fall off when high temperature is encountered in the flowering period. The avocado belongs to a tree species with shallow roots, has fragile branches and poor wind resistance, and is suitable for selecting a wind sheltering place. The soil has wide adaptability, but is not beneficial to the growth in low-lying lands with poor drainage or soil with high underground water level, and is easy to be infected with root rot.

The purpose of breeding the amber silkworms is mainly to harvest and reel silkworm cocoons and produce high-grade amber silkworms and silk fabrics thereof, such as ties, twill and the like. The traditional method for producing silk cocoons in India takes Som (Machilus bombycina Huangxin) tree leaves as feed, while producing cocoon cocoons takes Soalu (Litsaea polyantha Diospyros) tree leaves as feed, and the traditional method has been continued in India for thousands of years. The amber silkworm and the avocado origin belong to different continents, one in America and one in Asia, and the two do not cross and are not coherent.

The traditional fruit planting industry adopts the basic route of planting trees and building gardens, managing water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests, waiting for 3-5 years, bearing a small amount of fruits and then achieving high yield. The fruit industry investment is large, the time period is long, and the market fluctuation is large. Traditional silkworm insect breeding, a garden (mulberry or oak) is built for planting trees, and leaves are collected for silkworm breeding. A small amount of production can be put into production in 1 year, and high yield can be achieved in about 3 years, so that the defects of labor-intensive industry and large labor investment for planting and breeding are overcome.

Although the prospect is bright, a lot of infrastructure conditions need to be constructed during implementation, the investment cost is large, the period is long, the risk points are many, the effect is slight, the willingness of essential elements such as capital production resources and the like to enter the field is weak, and the industry cannot be developed in time. The root is that the industrial input is not proper to the output, the benefit is not high enough, and the risk is too high.

Thus, if two industries could be connected by a node, doing one thing could result in two or more uses. Resources are shared, and benefits are mutually overlapped, so that emerging industries can develop faster and better.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for feeding amber silkworms by using avocado leaves. The method provided by the invention can be used for feeding amber silkworms of tussah genus of Bombycidae family by purposefully selecting the type of the cultivated feed trees and the type of the feeding insects, namely using the avocado leaves of avocado genus of Lauraceae family, and simultaneously obtaining 2 products, namely high-value avocado fruits and high-value amber silkworms.

The invention provides a method for feeding amber silkworms by using avocado leaves, which comprises the following steps:

1) planting the avocado trees and establishing an avocado orchard;

2) pruning the butyrospermum parkii to obtain the butyrospermum parkii with a coronary tree shape;

3) breeding the amber silkworms on the butyrospermum parkii for feeding after new leaves of the butyrospermum parkii grow out;

4) after 40-60 days, the amber silkworms mature, and after spinning and cocooning for 2-3 days, the cocoons are collected.

Preferably, the planting distance of the shea butter tree in the step 1) is 5m (5-8) m.

Preferably, the height of the shea butter tree with the crown tree type in the step 2) is 3-5 m.

Preferably, before stocking in the step 3), the method further comprises a protection operation of the amber silkworms, wherein the protection operation of the amber silkworms comprises preventing and/or reducing damage of predatory animals to the silkworms.

Preferably, the protection operation of the amber silkworm comprises poisoning ants and/or spiders and pulling a protection net.

Preferably, the stocking in the step 3) is to directly stocking the amber silkworm eggs to be hatched on the shea butter trees or to breed the amber silkworms to 2-3 years old and then stocking the amber silkworms on the shea butter trees.

Preferably, the stocking in the step 3) is to stocking 20-50 amber silkworms for each butyrospermum parkii.

Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of managing water fertilizer and pesticide of the shea butter trees.

The invention provides a method for feeding amber silkworms by using avocado leaves. The method of the invention can fuse two seemingly unrelated industries and can simultaneously obtain 2 products, namely high-value avocado fruits and high-value amber silks. Test results prove that the two can be well matched, the avocado can bear normal fruits, and the leaves of the avocado can breed silkworms; the amber silkworms eat the avocado leaves, have normal growth and development and good health condition, can successfully spin and cocooning, and can pupate and moth, mate and lay eggs, and breed for successive generations. The two industries are developed in a synergistic way, the land water photo-thermal resources are shared, the personnel and management are overlapped, the production benefits and the economic benefits are overlapped, and the income is doubled.

Detailed Description

1) planting the avocado trees and establishing an avocado orchard;

The invention plants the avocado trees and establishes the avocado orchard. The method preferably selects the variety of the avocado according to regional climate characteristics, the cold resistance is a main reference standard, the variety of the avocado with good cold resistance is preferably adopted, and in addition, the planting density of the avocado is preferably determined according to factors such as the photo-thermal conditions of flat and sloping fields. In the invention, the planting distance of the shea butter tree is preferably 5m (5-8) m.

The invention prunes the butyrospermum parkii to obtain the butyrospermum parkii with a coronary tree shape. In the invention, the height of the butyrospermum parkii with the coronary tree shape is preferably 3-5 m. The pruning method of the shea butter tree is not particularly limited, and the crown tree type can be obtained. The pruning method is characterized in that dwarf trees are preferably selected for pruning, and branches are uniformly weighed so as to increase the leaf yield and improve the leaf quality.

After new leaves of the butyrospermum parkii grow out, the amber silkworms are released to the butyrospermum parkii for feeding. According to the invention, when the new branches grow to 50-100 cm preferentially, the breeding of the amber silkworms is carried out, so that the abundant edible leaves of the amber silkworms are ensured. In the present invention, before the stocking, it is preferable to further include a protection operation of amber silkworms, which includes prevention and/or reduction of damage of predatory animals to silkworms. The protection operation according to the invention preferably lasts for the entire period of sericulture. In the invention, the protection operation of the amber silkworms comprises poisoning ants and/or spiders, pulling a protection net and preventing and reducing the loss of predatory animals such as birds, spiders, ants and the like to the silkworms. In the young silkworm period, the damage of natural weather such as low temperature, long-term rain and the like to the young silkworm in the young silkworm period is preferably noticed. In the invention, the stocking is to directly breed the amber silkworm eggs to be hatched on the shea butter trees or to breed the amber silkworms to 2-3 years old and then breed the amber silkworms on the shea butter trees; particularly, the method preferably fixes the amber silkworm eggs to be hatched which are stuck on the paper on the shea of the avocado directly, waits for hatching, and the hatched silkworms automatically climb to the leaves to eat and grow; or the young silkworms are intensively raised in the greenhouse and are placed on the field shea butter trees after growing for 2-3 years, the shea butter trees are preferably densely planted in the greenhouse, and the planting row spacing and the row spacing of the shea butter trees are preferably 2 x 3 m.

The egg laying quantity is determined according to the season, the size of the butyrospermum parkii and the number of leaves, and in the method, 20-50 amber silkworms are bred for each butyrospermum parkii. The number of silkworms put is preferably small, but not large, and the normal growth of the trees is not favorable when the leaves are eaten too much.

After 40-60 days, the amber silkworms mature, and after spinning and cocooning for 2-3 days, the cocoons are collected. After the amber silkworms naturally grow for 40-60 days, the silkworms grow big and mature, tend to find cocoons, spin and cocoon. After 2-3 days, the silkworm cocoons become hard and are collected.

In the invention, the method also comprises the management of water fertilizer and pesticide on the avocado. The specific operation method for the water and fertilizer management is not particularly limited, and the conventional avocado water and fertilizer method well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. And for the pesticide management of the avocado, strict management and control are carried out according to the residual effect period of the pesticide, the pesticide spraying time and the like, the pesticide cannot be used during silkworm breeding, and otherwise, the failure of silkworm breeding can be caused.

The method can combine two industries of butyrospermum parkii planting and amber silkworm breeding, and can also have different emphasis, and the emphasis can be changed and rotated according to the economic value of the product and the change of market quotation. When the amber silkworms are cultured in a emphasizing way, the fruit trees serve the silkworms. The density of the seed trees can be slightly larger, more new leaves can be pruned, the trees are promoted to generate more new leaves, the use of pesticides is strictly controlled, the natural enemy prevention and control are enhanced, the number of the silkworms put in each tree is slightly larger, the utilization rate of the leaves is higher, and more silkworm cocoons can be collected. When the avocado fruit industry is emphasized, the silkworms at the moment serve the fruit trees like bees. The planting density is small, the pruning is light, the pruning is less, the silkworms are put less, and the characteristic that the amber silkworms eat the leaves can be utilized to dredge the leaves of the avocado trees when necessary. The breeding characteristics can be emphasized and the amber silkworm breeding can be vigorously developed in the empty period of 3-5 years before the avocado saplings are fruited or when the market quotation of the avocado is not ideal. When the avocado is high in yield or the market of the avocado is good, the fruit production characteristics of the fruit trees are emphasized.

The method for feeding amber silkworms by using the avocado leaves according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, and the technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.

Example 1

And (5) building a garden with the avocados. And selecting a Haas variety with better cold resistance, wherein the plant row spacing is 5 x 6 m. Planting trees in the first year, enhancing water and fertilizer management, and pinching when the trees grow to more than 1 m. And (5) fixing the trunk in the next spring, pruning and cultivating into a crown tree shape.

And (4) removing natural enemies. In a beef tallow orchard before silkworm breeding, the removal and killing work of natural enemies such as spiders, ants and the like needs to be done in advance.

Placing silkworm eggs. The sterilized amber silkworm egg is stuck on the kraft paper, then a layer of fine sand or flour is scattered, and the kraft paper is nailed on the trunk by a drawing pin after the silkworm is hatched for the first day. The upper edge of the paper is required to be tightly attached to the trunk, and the young silkworm eggs automatically climb to the back of the tender leaves after hatching, and grow after eating the leaves. The quantity of silkworms put depends on the quantity of leaves, and the number of 20-50 early fruit trees is preferably less and not more. When the leaves are eaten, the silkworms need to be manually moved by people.

And (5) managing fruit trees. The avocado trees needing to be bred need to be reinforced in water and fertilizer management, composted organic fertilizers are applied in winter to breed the trees, and additional fertilizers are applied in spring to promote leaves. The water requirement of the avocado is large, but the avocado roots are afraid of being badly rooted, and the drip irrigation is preferably adopted to ensure the sufficient water requirement of the avocado. During the period of silkworm breeding, the use of drugs is strictly prohibited.

And (5) management of silkworms. The amber silkworms eat the leaves from top to bottom, and are tender first and then old. If the silkworms have too many leaves to eat enough, the silkworms should be shifted, and each silkworm should be guaranteed to have enough leaves to eat, so that the silkworms can grow healthily until spinning and cocooning. Meanwhile, silkworm protection work is needed to be done, and bird prevention is needed to be nursed. The silkworms which are found to be dead should be collected and treated with lime, and are deeply buried far away from the silkworm area.

And (6) collecting cocoons. And (5) after the silkworms pass through 40-60 days, maturing and cocooning. At this time, silkworms tend to descend and wrap leaves at the lower part of the tree to form cocoons. After the cocoons are formed and hardened, the cocoons can be picked and collected.

The newly planted avocado generally takes more than 3 years from sapling to fruiting, and if a new variety is grafted by the newly planted avocado, the time for waiting for bearing fruit is longer, and the amber silkworm culture can be developed fully by utilizing the time. When the harvest time is reached, the fruits and leaves can be used simultaneously, or the comprehensive consideration is given according to market conditions, so that the emphasis is placed on the fruits and leaves. The feeding management and labor input of the fruit-leaf-combined amber silkworms are not large, sufficient water and fertilizer conditions are provided for fruit trees, the silkworms grow by themselves when eating, mainly nursing, and the ant harvesting and cocooning rate of the silkworms can reach 40-70%. As long as the silkworm releasing is proper, the water and the fertilizer are sufficient, and the fruit bearing of the fruit tree cannot be greatly influenced.

Example 2

And (4) greening barren mountains by using the avocado trees. The avocado seeds are used for raising seedlings, and the seedling avocado orchard is built and used for greening barren hills. The planting density is determined according to the terrain and the topography, and each tree is required to be equipped with drip irrigation.

Cultivating the tree. Pruning, dwarfing and cultivating into crown-shaped tree.

A young silkworm breeding greenhouse. The young silkworm breeding greenhouse is built in a place with good conditions, and the temperature, the humidity and the light in the greenhouse can be adjusted. Planting the seedling avocado seedlings in the shed, wherein the plant row spacing (2m x 3m) is sufficient in water and fertilizer. The tree shape is cultivated as above.

And (4) removing natural enemies. The killing work of natural enemies such as spiders, ants and the like needs to be done in advance in the breeding greenhouse before silkworm breeding.

Placing silkworm eggs. The leaves are not too much in the young silkworm period, and the high-density breeding centralized management can be realized in the breeding greenhouse. Adhering sterilized amber silkworm egg onto kraft paper, spreading a layer of fine sand or flour, and nailing the kraft paper onto the trunk with a nail until the silkworm is about to hatch. The upper edge of the paper is required to be tightly attached to the trunk, and after eggs are hatched, young silkworms can automatically climb to the back of the tender leaves at the top end of the avocado branches to eat the leaves for growth.

And (5) silkworm transfer. And when silkworms grow to 2-3 years old, pruning branches and leaves and moving the silkworms to the shea butter trees on the outdoor sloping field. The amber silkworms eat the leaves from top to bottom, and are tender first and then old. The silkworms should be placed in small quantity and not large quantity, and the silkworms should be moved when too many leaves are placed and not eaten, and each silkworm should be guaranteed to have enough leaves to eat, so that the silkworms can grow healthily until spinning and cocooning. Meanwhile, silkworm protection work is needed to be done, and bird prevention is needed to be nursed. The silkworms which are found to be dead should be collected and treated with lime, and are deeply buried far away from the silkworm area.

And (6) collecting cocoons. After 40-60 days, the silkworm matures and cocoons. At this time, silkworms tend to descend and wrap leaves at the lower part of the tree to form cocoons. After the cocoons are formed and hardened, the cocoons can be picked and collected.

The embodiment makes full use of the characteristic that less leaves are eaten in the young silkworm period, high-density feeding and centralized management are carried out in the breeding greenhouse, and the young silkworms are moved to other trees after being as long as 2-3 years old, so that the loss of natural enemies, low temperature, long-term rain and the like to the silkworms can be effectively prevented. As long as the later nursing is proper, the rate of collecting and cocooning the ants of the amber silkworms can reach 50-80%.

In the embodiment, the avocado is used for greening the barren hilly land, the expense for building a garden can be subsidized by combining the national policy of returning back to the forest when the avocado is planted, the cost of the planted seedlings is low, the fruiting period of the seedlings is late, generally 5-8 years are needed, silkworms can be cultivated in the period, the income is increased, and the local grafting is carried out when the varieties need to be changed. When the bearing period and the high yield period are reached, the fruit and the leaves are used simultaneously, and the income is higher.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for feeding amber silkworms by using avocado leaves comprises the following steps:

1) planting the avocado trees and establishing an avocado orchard; the planting distance of the butyrospermum parkii is 5m (5-8) m;

2) pruning the butyrospermum parkii to obtain the butyrospermum parkii with a coronary tree shape; the height of the butyrospermum parkii with the coronary tree shape is 3-5 m;

3) after new leaves of the butyrospermum parkii grow out, breeding amber silkworms on the butyrospermum parkii for feeding when new branches grow to 50-100 cm; the stocking is to stocking 20-50 amber silkworms for each butyrospermum parkii;

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the stocking in step 3), further comprising a protection operation of the amber silkworms, the protection operation of the amber silkworms comprises preventing and/or reducing damage to the silkworms by predators.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the protection operation of the amber silkworm comprises poisoning ants and/or spiders, pulling a protection net.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stocking in step 3) is to stock the amber silkworm eggs to be hatched directly on the shea butter trees or to stock the amber silkworms to 2-3 years before stocking on the shea butter trees.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering water and fertilizer and pesticides to the Butyrospermum parkii.