CN105340675A - Viticulture fruit bearing management method - Google Patents
Viticulture fruit bearing management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340675A CN105340675A CN201510809100.3A CN201510809100A CN105340675A CN 105340675 A CN105340675 A CN 105340675A CN 201510809100 A CN201510809100 A CN 201510809100A CN 105340675 A CN105340675 A CN 105340675A
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- branch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a viticulture fruit bearing management method, and relates to the field of viticulture. Through preparation before planting, planting, fruit bearing position determination, and fruit bearing management, the culture method can make grapes bear fruits on special positions of 1.4-1.6 m height of vine branches, and the method can effectively prevent and control influence of excessive rain on the grapes, so as to reduce plant disease and insect pest occurrence rate of the grapes. Uniform and sufficient illumination is beneficial for uniform coloring of the grapes, and the grapes are bright in colors. Yield of the grapes is improved. In a later stage, flower thinning and fruit thinning is performed, fatigue of operating personnel is reduced, and working efficiency is improved. Performing manual trimming at the height can reduce loss ratio of about 10%, and growth of roots of the grapes is maintained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to viticulture field, be specifically related to a kind of viticulture and bear fruit management method.
Background technology
Grape is famous fruit, eats raw or raisins processed, and wine brewing etc. are important economic crops.Light crop typically liked by grape, and under the condition of illumination abundance, blade is thick and look dense, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and flower bud differentiation is good, and output is high, and fruit quality is good.Simultaneously grape has stronger drought resistance, and the season distribution of rainfall has a great impact grape growth and fruit quality and output.As when spring, eye was sprouted, abundant rainfall is conducive to inflorescence initial body and continues differentiation and the growth of young sprout growth young sprout; As the florescence meets wet weather or continuous overcast and rainy low temperature, will hinder and bloom normally and pollinate, be fertilized, cause ovary, young fruit comes off; And excessive rainfall will reduce grape sugar during the maturing stage, disease is grown, and fruit is rotten to be split, particularly serious on grape quality impact.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of viticulture to bear fruit management method, the method can be born fruit at the ad-hoc location of grape branch, effectively can prevent and treat the impact of excessive rainfall on grape, reduce the damage by disease and insect incidence of grape, improve grape quality and output, be conducive to operating personnel simultaneously and carry out management of bearing fruit, reduce labour intensity, increase work efficiency.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of viticulture is born fruit management method, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) prepare before plantation: select smooth open, the planting base that illumination is sufficient of physical features, carry out whole ground ridging, divide district of planting, adjust nutriment and the wide specification of the head of district that plants of district's soil of planting;
(2) plant: choose excellent grape variety, and adopt generation seedling, select to transplant to district of planting in the January, conveniently set spacing in the rows and line-spacing;
(3) position of bearing fruit is determined: after seedling survives, carry out determining branch, sparse branching, erase unnecessary branch, stay vigorous branches not stay weak branch, when nursery stock 1 meter is high, carry out first time to take the lead, carry out leading shoot pinching and sublateral shoot and prune nutrition reflux, make a major branch become two strain branches by pruning, carry out pinching repeatedly therebetween, then make two principal deformations be four branches respectively; After four branch growths, every is stayed 3-4 root sprig, be fixed on single wall hedge frame by parallel respectively for sprig, level altitude on hedge frame is overhead 1.1-1.3 rice, root branch carries out bud picking process in single wall hedge frame Parallel Growth process, control each branch jag and send out 7-8 bud, guarantee that grape is born fruit at the 3rd and the 4th place, namely grape bears fruit position at distance ground 1.4-1.6 rice; After growing into the busy season, water according to habit of growth, water to soak into topsoil for principle;
(4) to bear fruit management: on the basis of step (3), continuation is carried out to root branch and prune, spend within first tens days, execute once organic quick-acting fertilizer; After entering flowering stage, selenium yeast solution and liquor potassic permanganate are sprayed to flower, and remove the bud on weak branch in time; The each bud place of manual control bear fruit 1-2 string, often go here and there 130-170 grape; Take manually to prune branch and pathology grape, prevent birds simultaneously; Pluck after maturation.
Further, in step (2) plantation, setting spacing in the rows is set to 0.7-0.9 rice, and line-spacing is set to 2.0-2.8 rice.
Further, in step (2) plantation, setting spacing in the rows is set to 0.9 meter, and line-spacing is set to 2.4 meters.
Further, step (3) is born fruit during position determines, make a major branch be divided into two branches by pruning, wherein two branches become V-type, and two branches are pruned and are divided into four branches, and namely on the left of V-type, branch and right side branch continue to turn out two branches respectively again; After four branch growths, every is stayed 3-4 root sprig, and make whole branch be that radian surrounding is scattered, all the other branches are extractd from base portion.
A kind of viticulture of the present invention is born fruit management method, and its beneficial effect is:
1, the bear fruit position of the present invention to grape is determined, make fixing european grape root branch become V-type to grow by pruning, and make it bear fruit at the height of 1.4-1.6 rice, prevent the grape rust because excessive rainfall causes, the incidence of disease will be lacked, improve the quality of grape.
2, the present invention's height of being born fruit by Artificial Control grape, to be born fruit height in the present invention, is conducive to grape and accepts uniform illumination, promote the synthesis of grape fruit Middle nutrition material, improve sugar content; Simultaneously sufficient due to uniform illumination, be conducive to grape uniform coloring, color is beautiful, raising output.
3, by the quantity of bearing fruit of Artificial Control grape, control each bud and to bear fruit 1-2 string, often upper 130-170 the grape of string, grape even particle size, of good quality, immaculate, and the raising being conducive to output.
4, grape is born fruit at 1.4-1.6 rice, is highly conducive to artificial pruning at this, and carries out flower and fruit thinning in the later stage, reduces the fatigue strength of operating personnel, increases work efficiency; Highly manually prune at this simultaneously, the percent of loss of about 10% can be reduced, safeguard the growth of european grape root.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of viticulture is born fruit management method, and choose and carry as cultivar without seed is black, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) prepare before plantation: select smooth open, the planting base that illumination is sufficient of physical features, carry out whole ground ridging, be divided into 4,6,8 districts of planting greatly, district of planting is rectangle, long limit and row are to consistent, sail multilayer fertilizer into, based on chicken manure, sheep excrement, peat composed of rotten mosses ash etc., adjust the nutriment of district's soil of planting;
(2) plant: choose and carry without seed is black, and adopt generation seedling, select to transplant to district of planting in the January, setting spacing in the rows is set to 0.9 meter, and line-spacing is set to 2.4 meters, adopts drip irrigation to water, adopt plastic mulching after watering after plantation is good;
(3) position of bearing fruit is determined: after seedling survives, untie the mulch film around seedling, treat growth of seedling, the sprouting bud below root is removed in time in process of growth, carry out determining branch, sparse branching, to erase unnecessary branch, vigorous branches is stayed or not weak branch, when nursery stock 1 meter is high, carry out first time to take the lead, carry out leading shoot pinching and sublateral shoot to prune nutrition is refluxed, a major branch is made to become two strain branches by pruning, carry out pinching repeatedly therebetween, a major branch is made to be divided into two branches by pruning, wherein two branches become V-type, two branches are pruned and are divided into four branches, namely on the left of V-type, branch and right side branch continue to turn out two branches respectively again, after four branch growths, every is stayed 3-4 root sprig, and make whole branch be that radian surrounding is scattered, all the other branches are extractd from base portion, be fixed on single wall hedge frame by parallel respectively for sprig, level altitude on hedge frame is overhead 1.1-1.3 rice, root branch carries out bud picking process in single wall hedge frame Parallel Growth process, control each branch jag and send out 7-8 bud, guarantee that grape is born fruit at the 3rd and the 4th place, namely grape bears fruit position at distance ground 1.4-1.6 rice, after growing into the busy season, water according to habit of growth, water with penetration topsoil as principle,
(4) to bear fruit management: on the basis of step (3), continuation is carried out to root branch and prune, spend within first tens days, execute once organic quick-acting fertilizer; After entering flowering stage, selenium yeast solution and liquor potassic permanganate are sprayed to flower, and remove the bud on weak branch in time; The each bud place of manual control bear fruit 1-2 string, often go here and there 130-170 grape; Take manually to prune branch and pathology grape, execute a potash fertilizer in fruit expanding period, based on ash or tobacco leaf, prevent birds simultaneously; Pluck after maturation.
What table 1 was cultivated for this employing the inventive method carries product index and average yield without seed is black.
Table 1
Claims (4)
1. viticulture is born fruit a management method, it is characterized in that: comprise following operating procedure:
(1) prepare before plantation: select smooth open, the planting base that illumination is sufficient of physical features, carry out whole ground ridging, divide district of planting, adjust nutriment and the wide specification of the head of district that plants of district's soil of planting;
(2) plant: choose excellent grape variety, and adopt generation seedling, select to transplant to district of planting in the January, conveniently set spacing in the rows and line-spacing;
(3) position of bearing fruit is determined: after seedling survives, carry out determining branch, sparse branching, erase unnecessary branch, stay vigorous branches not stay weak branch, when nursery stock 1 meter is high, carry out first time to take the lead, carry out leading shoot pinching and sublateral shoot and prune nutrition reflux, make a major branch become two strain branches by pruning, carry out pinching repeatedly therebetween, then make two principal deformations be four branches respectively; After four branch growths, every is stayed 3-4 root sprig, be fixed on single wall hedge frame by parallel respectively for sprig, level altitude on hedge frame is overhead 1.1-1.3 rice, root branch carries out bud picking process in single wall hedge frame Parallel Growth process, control each branch jag and send out 7-8 bud, guarantee that grape is born fruit at the 3rd and the 4th bud place, namely grape bears fruit position at distance ground 1.4-1.6 rice; After growing into the busy season, water according to habit of growth, water to soak into topsoil for principle;
(4) to bear fruit management: on the basis of step (3), continuation is carried out to root branch and prune, spend within first tens days, execute once organic quick-acting fertilizer; After entering flowering stage, selenium yeast solution and liquor potassic permanganate are sprayed to flower, and remove the bud on weak branch in time; The each bud place of manual control bear fruit 1-2 string, often go here and there 130-170 grape; Take manually to prune branch and pathology grape, prevent birds simultaneously; Pluck after maturation.
2. viticulture according to claim 1 is born fruit management method, it is characterized in that: in described step (2) plantation, and setting spacing in the rows is set to 0.7-0.9 rice, and line-spacing is set to 2.0-2.8 rice.
3. viticulture according to claim 1 is born fruit management method, it is characterized in that: in described step (2) plantation, and setting spacing in the rows is set to 0.9 meter, and line-spacing is set to 2.4 meters.
4. viticulture according to claim 1 is born fruit management method, it is characterized in that: described step (3) is born fruit during position determines, a major branch is made to be divided into two branches by pruning, wherein two branches become V-type, two branches are pruned and are divided into four branches, and namely on the left of V-type, branch and right side branch continue to turn out two branches respectively again; After four branch growths, every is stayed 3-4 root sprig, and make whole branch be that radian surrounding is scattered, all the other branches are extractd from base portion.
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| CN201510809100.3A CN105340675B (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2015-11-20 | A kind of vinegrowing fruiting management method |
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| CN201510809100.3A CN105340675B (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2015-11-20 | A kind of vinegrowing fruiting management method |
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| CN105340675B CN105340675B (en) | 2018-05-25 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105724133A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-06 | 云南同邦农业开发有限公司 | Grape disease and pest control method |
| CN106234142A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-21 | 铜仁市万山区米贡山高效农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of grape high-yield |
| CN106489658A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-03-15 | 全椒县民悦果林生态种植专业合作社 | A kind of grape cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105724133A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-06 | 云南同邦农业开发有限公司 | Grape disease and pest control method |
| CN106234142A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-21 | 铜仁市万山区米贡山高效农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of grape high-yield |
| CN106489658A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-03-15 | 全椒县民悦果林生态种植专业合作社 | A kind of grape cultivation method |
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| CN105340675B (en) | 2018-05-25 |
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