CN102907243A - Magnolia officinalis cultivation method - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to a magnolia officinalis cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of woody plant cultivation. The invention solves the technical problem of providing a magnolia officinalis cultivation method which has higher economic benefit. The magnolia officinalis cultivation method comprises the following steps of: a. seed selection; b. seedling cultivation; C. seedling planting: selecting 1.5-2.5-year and 0.8-1.2m-hight plants as saplings, digging 50-60cm-deepth pits with the spacing of (1.8-2.2m)*(2.3-2.8m), and planting one seedling in each pit; d. intermediate cutting: harvesting forest by intermediate cutting in an alternating way after 8-10 years, and after harvesting, adopting a method of removing a plurality of sprouts growing on stumps year by year, reserving 3-4 branches/stump in the first year, removing the sprouts to 1-2 branches/stump in the second year, and finally reserving 1 branch/stump in the third year; and e. replacement of old-growth forest: after intermediate cutting for three times, using cuttings or cultivated new saplings for replacing the stumps with reduced regenerative capacity, or conducting grafting treatment on magnolia officinalis sprouts by taking the stumps with low capability as rootstocks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia, belong to woody plant culture technique field.
Background technology
The bark of official magnolia (Magnolia officinalis) is the woody traditional Chinese medicine of the distinctive preciousness of China and rare plant, belongs to Magnoliaceae.For a long time, the medicinal bark of official magnolia is mainly utilized wild resource, because demand constantly increases, wild resource reduces day by day, and is listed in national second class protection traditional Chinese medicine.Since nineteen nineties, although carried out a large amount of bark of official magnolia artificial afforestration, the real good bark of official magnolia woods of stand quality also is not a lot.Because artificial planting planning lacks scientific guidance, simultaneously along with the utilization of gathering of the intermediate cutting of bark of official magnolia resource, the damage by disease and insect impact, or the inducing of natural cause (mainly referring to weather), bark of official magnolia stand structure and stability are lacked of proper care gradually, and tree growth is grown depleted, and systemic-function is degenerated or forfeiture, cause Ecological Function, forestry products output or biomass significantly to be lower than identical bark of official magnolia standing forest average level under the similar land occupation condition, the standing forest of this structure is called bark of official magnolia Low-efficiency forest.Under the background in view of the extensive artificial culture of the present bark of official magnolia, the underground and severe attrition of environment, ecology and economic benefit that poor efficiency forest plantation and secondary standing forest cause, the science is reformed research of carrying out bark of official magnolia Low-efficiency forest becomes the focal issue of social concerns.
The transformation of bark of official magnolia Low-efficiency forest is lacked further investigation and effective ways, mainly be to educate protection by envelope in the past, gives free rein to grow and upgrade succession, transforms by artificial afforestration after perhaps carrying out comprehensive clear felling or high strength clear felling.There are many drawbacks in said method in practice is carried out, such as length consuming time, efficient is low, the water and soil loss survival rate is low and bark of official magnolia growth of seedling is slow etc., causes bark of official magnolia woods correctional effect unsatisfactory.At present, about the scientic planting of the bark of official magnolia and the existing relevant report of felling, such as: the Patent Application Publication of CN201010022013.0 a kind of bark of official magnolia bunch planting dense planting intermediate cutting fast growing and high yield cultivation method, its technical essential is: First Year digs the cave program request; Transplantation of seedlings between Second Year; Spared no effort to management in the 3rd year to the 5th year, hoe up weeds, fertilising etc. in good time; Hammered skin on the 6th year into shape, the 7th year intermediate cutting, the peeling that chops at a tree in the 10th year, processing patent medicine.And for example: the Patent Application Publication of CN201010532236.1 a kind of CORTEX MAGNOLIAE OFFICINALIS regeneration high yield superior quality cultivation technique, it has at first carried out seed cleaning: adopt to be lower than 2～2.5 ten thousand strain/mus, the rugosity 〉=1.0cm of young plant stem, the rare of average height 30～50cm and to educate strong sprout; The seedling field planting; The plan dense planting; The beginning intermediate cutting was gathered in the 15th year; Do not get the root skin when gathering, keep tree stump, topdress in conjunction with loosening the soil (oil cake), spray 50～100ppm heteroauxin again, short its tree stump section resting bud is sprouted, and grows into forest fast, realizes once afforestation, long-term being benefited.Said method has certain effect for cultivation in early stage, the felling of bark of official magnolia woods, but does not but propose preferably method for the maintenance of the secondary forest after the felling, and therefore, generally speaking, the economic benefit of its bark of official magnolia woods is still not high.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the cultivation method of the higher bark of official magnolia of a kind of economic benefit.
The cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia of the present invention comprises the steps:
A, seed selection: the seed of choosing the high-quality bark of official magnolia tree of the age of tree 〉=25 year, the height of tree 〉=10m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 〉=15cm, stem skin active component Determination of Magnolol 〉=more than 5.0%;
B, seedling culture: the seed of bark of official magnolia tree is soaked 4～6 days (according to concrete needs, also can add certain density vernalization reagent) in 28～32 ℃, then seed for subsequent use is implanted Seedlings nursery, in good time pouring of seedling, weeding, fertilising;
C, plant seedlings: select the plant of the sapling in 1.5～2.5 years of seedling age, plant height 0.8～1.2m as sapling, the forest land is selected loosing soil, is rich in humus, is subacidity to the area of neutrality and the about 800-1800m of height above sea level, dig acupoint depth 50-60cm, spacing 1.8～2.2m * 2.3～2.8m, every cave plants seedling one strain;
D, tending and intermittent cutting of forest: after the afforestation, the first two years topdresses 2 times/years, topdresses every year once afterwards; In good time pouring, weeding, deinsectization, fire prevention management; The intermediate cutting that carries out forest after 8～10 years is gathered, and takes to cut down one pattern every one, chooses the height of tree 〉=9m, and the forest of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 〉=10cm carries out intermediate cutting in 15～23cm ground At The Height and gathers; After gathering, from giving birth to branched new talent, be called secondary seedling on the stump, keep 1-2 branch new talent, all the other are all cut;
Substituting of e, aged woods: after 3 times intermediate cutting was gathered, the new sapling of use cuttage or cultivation was replaced the stump that regeneration capacity reduces, or carried out the grafting processing of the young sprout of the bark of official magnolia as stock take the stump of low ability.
Wherein, a step of the present invention is guaranteed the seed bud ratio by the screening to seed〉99%, sturdy, the pest-resistant harmful ability of the seedling of cultivation is strong.
Wherein, for the Determination of Magnolol that makes bark of official magnolia tree is higher, the select seeds of the bark of official magnolia tree in a step is the seed of the bark of official magnolia tree of Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture.
Wherein, the seed spacing when the b step is implanted Seedlings nursery with seed for subsequent use is preferably 20cm * 15cm, and covers wet soil 1.5～3.0cm.
Wherein, bark of official magnolia woods planting density and growth rate are closely related, the present inventor finds through lot of experiments, when planting seedlings, during spacing 1.8～2.2m of bark of official magnolia tree * 2.3～2.8m, the growth of bark of official magnolia woods better considers the factors such as quantity and growth rate of planting seedlings of bark of official magnolia tree, and the spacing of bark of official magnolia tree is preferably 2m * 2.5m.
Wherein, in the d step of the cultivation method of the above-mentioned bark of official magnolia, after the afforestation, administration period is not collected bark of official magnolia woods fallen leaves, can reduce like this growth of bottom earth's surface weeds.
Wherein, the cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia of the present invention is in its d step, take to cut down one pattern every one, guaranteed that the bark of official magnolia becomes the tree crown width of cloth can not superpose, and avoids competition for space, the Intermediate cutting time of morning can keep the higher metabolic speed of bark of official magnolia standing forest simultaneously, has improved again business efficiency.
The present inventor also finds through lot of experiments, relevant with secondary slender base footpath, height of seedling and active component content for the woods Stump height, wherein, Stump height is that 15～23cm is better, and the output when secondary coppice shoot number is decremented to 1/stump year by year in the first three years take stump as basic secondary bark of official magnolia woods is maximum optimum.
The inventive method from elite seed selection, seedling culture, manually plant seedlings, the full angle such as tending and intermittent cutting of forest, forest land management starts with, set up the Magnolia officinalis Forest Plantation of a cover science and cultivated rules, standing forest tree material behind use the method transformation poor efficiency Magnolia officinalis Forest Plantation and the secondary forest is good, fast, magnolol output height grows, and the forest diseases and insect pests resistance is high, the present invention has broad application prospects for the cultivation of the bark of official magnolia provides a kind of new method.
Embodiment
The cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia of the present invention comprises the steps:
A, seed selection: the seed of choosing the high-quality bark of official magnolia tree of the age of tree 〉=25 year, the height of tree 〉=10m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 〉=15cm, stem skin active component Determination of Magnolol 〉=more than 5.0%;
B, seedling culture: the seed of bark of official magnolia tree is soaked 4～6 days (according to concrete needs, also can add certain density vernalization reagent) in 28～32 ℃, then seed for subsequent use is implanted Seedlings nursery, in good time pouring of seedling, weeding, fertilising;
C, plant seedlings: select the plant of the sapling in 1.5～2.5 years of seedling age, plant height 0.8～1.2m as sapling, the forest land is selected loosing soil, is rich in humus, is subacidity to the area of neutrality and the about 800-1800m of height above sea level, dig acupoint depth 50-60cm, spacing 1.8～2.2m * 2.3～2.8m, every cave plants seedling one strain;
D, tending and intermittent cutting of forest: after the afforestation, the first two years topdresses 2 times/years, topdresses every year once afterwards; In good time pouring, weeding, deinsectization, fire prevention management; The intermediate cutting that carries out forest after 8～10 years is gathered, and takes to cut down one pattern every one, chooses the height of tree 〉=9m, and the forest of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 〉=10cm carries out intermediate cutting in 15～23cm ground At The Height and gathers; After gathering, from giving birth to branched new talent, be called secondary seedling on the stump, keep 1-2 branch new talent, all the other are all cut;
Substituting of e, aged woods: after 3 times intermediate cutting was gathered, the new sapling of use cuttage or cultivation was replaced the stump that regeneration capacity reduces, or carried out the grafting processing of the young sprout of the bark of official magnolia as stock take the stump of low ability.
Wherein, a step of the present invention is guaranteed the seed bud ratio by the screening to seed〉99%, sturdy, the pest-resistant harmful ability of the seedling of cultivation is strong.
Wherein, for the Determination of Magnolol that makes bark of official magnolia tree is higher, the select seeds of the bark of official magnolia tree in a step is the seed of the bark of official magnolia tree of Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture.
Wherein, the seed spacing when the b step is implanted Seedlings nursery with seed for subsequent use is preferably 20cm * 15cm, and covers wet soil 1.5～3.0cm.
Wherein, bark of official magnolia woods planting density and growth rate are closely related, the present inventor finds through lot of experiments, when planting seedlings, during spacing 1.8～2.2m of bark of official magnolia tree * 2.3～2.8m, the growth of bark of official magnolia woods better considers the factors such as quantity and growth rate of planting seedlings of bark of official magnolia tree, and the spacing of bark of official magnolia tree is preferably 2m * 2.5m.
Wherein, in the d step of the cultivation method of the above-mentioned bark of official magnolia, after the afforestation, administration period is not collected bark of official magnolia woods fallen leaves, can reduce like this growth of bottom earth's surface weeds.
Wherein, the cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia of the present invention is in its d step, take to cut down one pattern every one, guaranteed that the bark of official magnolia becomes the tree crown width of cloth can not superpose, and avoids competition for space, the Intermediate cutting time of morning can keep the higher metabolic speed of bark of official magnolia standing forest simultaneously, has improved again business efficiency.
The present inventor also finds through lot of experiments, relevant with secondary slender base footpath, height of seedling and active component content for the woods Stump height, wherein, Stump height is that 15～23cm is better, and the output when secondary coppice shoot number is decremented to 1/stump year by year in the first three years take stump as basic secondary bark of official magnolia woods is maximum optimum.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, does not therefore limit the present invention among the described scope of embodiments.
Embodiment adopts the inventive method cultivation bark of official magnolia
Seed is selected: choose Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture age of tree 25 years, the height of tree〉10m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground〉15cm, stem skin active component content〉high-quality bark of official magnolia seeds more than 5.0%, gather the plump erythrocarpus that splits October, select full maturation disease-free fruit Pu (maize), 1% limewash cooperates wet fine sand stranding to go seed top layer wax, become and treat sowing, for subsequent use.
Seedling culture: the sowing time is before and after the beginning of spring.Sowing in 28～30 ℃ of immersions 5 days, changes water every day and once (according to circumstances can suitably add finite concentration vernalization reagent) with for subsequent use treating.Seed for subsequent use is implanted in the Seedlings nursery, and seed spacing is 20cm * 15cm, covers wet soil 1.5-3.0cm, and keeps appropriateness, emerges about one month.Seedling is watered in good time, weeding.About May and October, respectively topdressed once respectively in 1 years.
Manually plant seedlings: select about 2 years seedling ages, plant height 1m, the plant of disease resistance good (take anti-brown longicorn beetle sick and root rot as main) is as sapling.The forest land is selected loosing soil, is rich in humus, is subacidity to the area of neutrality and the about 800-1800m of height above sea level.Dig acupoint depth 50-60cm, spacing 2m * 2.5m, every cave plants seedling one strain, water in right amount root-growing agent water (according to the soil natural fertility can be when planting seedling root add an amount of fertilizer).
Tending and intermittent cutting of forest: after the afforestation, the first two years topdresses 2 times/years, topdresses every year once afterwards; In good time pouring, weeding, deinsectization, fire prevention management; Do not collect bark of official magnolia woods fallen leaves; The intermediate cutting that can carry out forest after about 8 years is gathered, and takes to cut down one pattern every one, chooses the height of tree〉9m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground〉forest of 10cm, carry out intermediate cutting in 15cm-25cm ground At The Height and gather; The branched coppice shoot of germinating on the stump is called secondary seedling after January; Secondary seedling is gone to sprout processing year by year, and secondary coppice shoot number successively decreased year by year in the first three years, kept 1/stump to the 3rd year.
Substituting of aged woods: the secondary seedling regeneration capacity of some stumps obviously reduced after 3 times intermediate cutting was gathered, and caused easily and grew poor efficiency bark of official magnolia woods slow, that productivity descends; Use the new sapling of cuttage or cultivation to replace the stump that regeneration capacity reduces, or process take the stump of low ability as the grafting that stock carries out the young sprout of the bark of official magnolia, to recover the High-efficient Production ability of secondary forest.
Experimental result: began to cultivate 1800 hectares of the barks of official magnolia in 2002,2010-2011 begins intermediate cutting and gathers, the about 30000kg fresh weight of bark of official magnolia bark is felled in annual per hectare forest zone, till gathering altogether 2012, results bark of official magnolia bark 60000kg, gained bark of official magnolia bark skin depth, homogeneous, the active substance Determination of Magnolol reaches more than 17%.
The selection of test example bark of official magnolia cultivation condition
Choose the bark of official magnolia tree of Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture (content of magnolol is superlatively distinguished), and seed properties and seed are screened, guarantee the seed bud ratio 99%, sturdy, the pest-resistant harmful ability of the seedling of cultivation is strong;
It is the key factor that affects bark of official magnolia growth rate and active substance output that density is cultivated in the forest farm, table 1 is depicted as the relation data result of bark of official magnolia woods planting density and growth rate, according to experimental result, selecting bark of official magnolia cultivation spacing is the partially intensive plantation of 2m * 2.5m, crown density about 0.8 after 8 years, the earth's surface keeps thick close bark of official magnolia woods fallen leaves, can reduce the growth of bottom earth's surface weeds; Can begin intermediate cutting after 8 years, guarantee also that with cutting down one pattern after one the bark of official magnolia becomes the tree crown width of cloth can not superpose, avoid competition for space, early Intermediate cutting time can keep the higher metabolic speed of bark of official magnolia standing forest simultaneously, has improved again business efficiency;
Table 1 bark of official magnolia woods planting density and 8 years living forest height of trees, the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground concern array
For example: 1m * 1m bark of official magnolia planting density after 8 years the height of tree and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground be (9.5m, 9.7cm)
The bark of official magnolia is just cut down in the process for woodland, and Stump height is important parameter, and according to shown in the table 2, just for the comparison relation of woods Stump height and secondary slender base footpath, height of seedling and active component content, it is the suitableeest Stump height that the present invention selects 15-23cm to the bark of official magnolia.
The first relation for woods Stump height and secondary slender base footpath, height of seedling and active component content of table 2 bark of official magnolia
For avoiding the depletion of secondary forest production metabolism, intermediate cutting 3 is taken turns that above stump substitutes or grafting is processed, played to save and effectively reduced and transformed the effect of poor efficiency bark of official magnolia woods, for environment, the ecology and economy benefit of maximum effect performance Magnolia officinalis Forest Plantation have been established practical basis.
In the bark of official magnolia secondary forest conversion process, the density management of sprouting seedling is important step, table 3 is depicted as sprouts the contrast that seedling keeps quantity and productivity effect, based on experimental result, the present inventor studies and finds the secondary seedling of stump is gone to sprout processing year by year, secondary coppice shoot number successively decreases year by year in the first three years, and the output when keeping 1/stump to the 3rd year is maximum optimum.
The relation of the secondary coppice shoot number of table 3 bark of official magnolia and secondary seedling base stem, height of seedling and active component content
Claims (5)
1. the cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, seed selection: the seed of choosing the high-quality bark of official magnolia tree of the age of tree 〉=25 year, the height of tree 〉=10m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 〉=15cm, stem skin active component Determination of Magnolol 〉=more than 5.0%;
B, seedling culture: the seed of bark of official magnolia tree was soaked 5 days in 28～32 ℃, then seed for subsequent use is implanted Seedlings nursery, in good time pouring of seedling, weeding, fertilising;
C, plant seedlings: select the plant of the sapling in 1.5～2.5 years of seedling age, plant height 0.8～1.2m as sapling, the forest land is selected loosing soil, is rich in humus, is subacidity to the area of neutrality and the about 800-1800m of height above sea level, dig acupoint depth 50-60cm, spacing 1.8～2.2m * 2.3～2.8m, every cave plants seedling one strain;
D, tending and intermittent cutting of forest: after the afforestation, the first two years topdresses 2 times/years, topdresses every year once afterwards; In good time pouring, weeding, deinsectization, fire prevention management; The intermediate cutting that carries out forest after 8～10 years is gathered, and takes to cut down one pattern every one, chooses the height of tree 〉=9m, and the forest of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 〉=10cm carries out intermediate cutting in 15～23cm ground At The Height and gathers; After gathering, the branched coppice shoot of germinating is called secondary seedling on the stump, takes to go year by year to sprout method, and every strain kept 1 new talent to the 3rd year, and all the other are all removed;
Substituting of e, aged woods: after 3 times intermediate cutting was gathered, the new sapling of use cuttage or cultivation was replaced the stump that regeneration capacity reduces, or carried out the grafting processing of the young sprout of the bark of official magnolia as stock take the stump of low ability.
2. the cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the seed of the bark of official magnolia tree in a step is the seed of the bark of official magnolia tree of Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture.
3. the cultivation method of the bark of official magnolia according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the seed spacing when the b step is implanted Seedlings nursery with seed for subsequent use is 20cm * 15cm, and covers wet soil 1.5～3.0cm.
4. the cultivation method of each described bark of official magnolia according to claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the spacing when planting seedlings in the c step is 2m * 2.5m.
5. the cultivation method of each described bark of official magnolia according to claim 1～4 is characterized in that: in the d step, after the afforestation, administration period is not collected bark of official magnolia woods fallen leaves.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN104081977A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-08 | 南江县百草中药材有限公司 | Method for planting magnolia officinalis |
| CN104170645A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-03 | 徐华龙 | Method for cultivating strong high-quality hackberry saplings |
| CN105660096A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-06-15 | 袁朝冬 | Strawberry and mangnolia officinalis mixed planting method |
| CN104641921B (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-08-17 | 日照恒久丰农业科技有限公司 | The blade cuttage breeding method of somewhat-white magnolia |
| CN106342627A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-25 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Seedling raising method for improving quality of hackberry seedlings |
| CN106982697A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-28 | 凤冈县领益昕中药材种植有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the bark of official magnolia |
| CN107466778A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-15 | 界首市民兴家庭农场 | A kind of method of aldehydes matter content in raising bark of official magnolia |
| CN108260453A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 杨红梅 | A kind of implantation methods of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis |
| CN110447403A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-15 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis propagation by grafiting method |
| CN114793726A (en) * | 2021-01-16 | 2022-07-29 | 重庆市大足区西山林场 | Method for reconstructing forest seedling seed orchard into seedling and clone mixed seed orchard |
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