CN105850517A - Asexual reproduction method for improved variety of gleditsia sinensis thorn forests - Google Patents
Asexual reproduction method for improved variety of gleditsia sinensis thorn forests Download PDFInfo
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- CN105850517A CN105850517A CN201610221534.6A CN201610221534A CN105850517A CN 105850517 A CN105850517 A CN 105850517A CN 201610221534 A CN201610221534 A CN 201610221534A CN 105850517 A CN105850517 A CN 105850517A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an asexual reproduction method for an improved variety of gleditsia sinensis thorn forests. The method includes the following steps: (1) selecting rootstocks and scions; (2) grafting; (3) pruning the rootstock and protecting grafted plants; (4) pruning. By the asexual reproduction method for the improved variety of gleditsia sinensis thorn forests, resistance capabilities of the gleditsia sinensis thorn forests are enhanced, natural disaster rate is lowered, control on natural disasters is reduced, production cost is saved by nearly more than three times, the conventional shoot thorn harvesting mode of the gleditsia sinensis thorn forests is changed, and manual thorn harvesting cost is saved by more than five times. Meanwhile, survival rate of grafting of plants of the reproduced improved variety reaches more than 90%, grafting compatibility is good, healing of graft unions is good, and grafted plants are developed in root system and robust in growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of woody medicinal species and plant the asexual propagation side of improved seeds with the seed of forest
Method, is specifically related to a kind of asexual propagation side utilizing grafting to cultivate Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture woods breeding Seedling strain
Method.
Background technology
Fructus Gleditsia (Gleditsia Sinensis Iam) is Caesalpiniaceae Gleditsia plant, fallen leaves Qiao
Wood, the height of tree is up to 30m, and tree crown is normal up on 15m, trunk and bough has paniculate thorn,
Spina jujubae is sturdy, bronzing, thrusts medicine with dry, is famous and precious woody Chinese crude drug, Chinese medicine name
Spina Gleditsiae.At present, at Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture with in the actual production of woods, due to Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture with woods breeding without
Sexual reproduction is more difficult, and grower all uses Fructus Gleditsia seedling to plant, and yields poorly, and efficacy component is low,
Deficiency in economic performance, seriously governs the development that Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture produces with woods.
Currently, woody medicinal species clone Seedling strain plantation has become woody medicinal outside Present Domestic
The important trend of plant production development.Asexual propagation be utilize plant self regeneration capacity, point
The affinity that raw ability and plant similar with another are combined into one by grafting is carried out
Breeding, be that heritability is with female by the new plant of the somatic cell gained of separate living tissue amitosis
Body keeps consistent, can keep the breeding Seedling strain breeding side that the principle of the merit of parent is carried out
Method.Typically refer to utilize the bud of breeding plant, branch or root to carry out grafting, cuttage, bury root, pressure
Bar, plant division or tissue culture cultivate fine seed strains the method for Seedling strain.China's woody medicinal species clone
Seedling strain cultivation mainly includes that the nutrition organs utilizing woody medicinal species carries out division propagation；Utilize
A part of branch press-in soil on woody medicinal species maternal plant carries out mound layering；Utilize woody
Medicinal plants nutrition organs has the ability of regeneration, and the habit of adventitious bud or adventitious root can be occurred to enter
Row cottage propagation；Utilize the propagation by grafiting that the bud of woody medicinal species or branch are carried out；Utilize woody
What the root of medicinal plants was carried out buries root propagation；Utilize woody medicinal species isolated organ tissue,
It is asexual numerous that the multiple methods such as the tissue culture that pollen even cell and protoplast are carried out are carried out
Grow.Obtained as above to new plant soil individual development be to proceed on the basis of parent
, accelerate to grow up, Blooming, result, knot sting, early high yield, than sexual propagation do sth. in advance 3～
Within 5 years, producing bigger economic benefit, these have special meaning to woody medicinal species cultivation.
At present, existing Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture woods breeding asexual reproduction method, mainly there is the branch utilizing Fructus Gleditsia
Carry out cleft grafting, cortex grafting, but graft survival rate is the highest, survive that plant is many is broken by windbreak, giving birth to
Can not apply on Chaning；The most useful wild Fructus Gleditsia is cooked stock cortex grafting grafting Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture with woods, no
But survival rate is the highest, and the plant affinity survived is bad, after planting 3～5 years from grafting
Mouth fracture, whole strain is dead serious.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide one and is capable of propagation by grafiting and survives
Rate is high, and the growth of propagation by grafiting plant trunk is fast, and the healing of grafting mouth is good, and trunk knot stings greatly early,
High yield, high-quality, the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture of high benefit woods clone Seedling strain propagation method.
The present invention solves its technical problem and employed technical scheme comprise that, a kind of Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture woods breeding
Asexual reproduction method, comprise the following steps:
(1) stock and scion are selected: graft stock uses the nursery stock that Fructus Gleditsia seed is cultivated, and seedling age is not
Must be more than 2 years, footpath, ground 1～2cm, the highly branch of more than 80cm, below 50cm are all smeared
Go, grafting part diameter 0.8cm～1.8cm；Grafting scion is selected from age of tree soap more than 10 years
(the i.e. improved variety scion of of the same ageization, growth in the cutting orchard that barbed branch on pod elite stand is set up
Stalwartness, without pest and disease damage, scion quality is good, and graft survival rate is high) gather healthy and strong, anosis
The annual barbed branch of insect pest and band spinoblast, scion base diameter 0.5～1.0cm, scion
Rugosity should be slightly less than the rugosity of stock；
(2) grafting: carry out embedding bud grafting in annual 6～August, should be according to Fructus Gleditsia annual shoot
The feature of bar, bud, thorn and petiole three are long in same position, and thorn is upper, and bud exists
Centre, petiole under, when cutting grafting bud sheet, thorn and petiole cut, retain puneture and
Stipe scar is on grafting bud sheet, and the Seedling strain of grafting survival just can become thorn woods breeding Seedling strain；
Then within 30～40 days after grafting, carry out solving nation；
(3) protection of anvil and grafting plant is cut: 6～the Seedling strain of grafting in July, after grafting 30～40
It cuts anvil, is cutting the stock staying 15～20cm length above the grafting bud of anvil then, at Second Year
Spring then cuts anvil at 1～2cm above grafting bud；The Seedling strain of grafting in August is second
Year spring cut anvil, above grafting bud, once cut anvil at 1～2cm put in place；Ying Cheng simultaneously
Windproof rod is set up to protect at plant alive；
(4) pruning: the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture tree-like employing " the naturally happy type of high level cadre " of woods, i.e. trunk
High 2m, major branch 3～5, form happy type tree-like.
Further, in step (1), the nursery stock that described Fructus Gleditsia seed is cultivated is soap in autumn then
During pod seed maturation, gather the dry Tibetan of Fructus Gleditsia seed standby, in Second Year nursery in spring, growing directly from seeds
In Seedling growth course, frequent bud picking at the up 50cm of ground, is wanted to make it keep smooth, 50～80cm
Part retains 3～5 side shoots, carries out pinching when side shoot grows to 30cm, pinching 2 in 1 year～
4 times, to promote bottom diameter increment, in order to reach grafting rugosity requirement, it is trained grafting and uses
Rootstock seedling；Described graft stock in the first seven sky of grafting should graft stock water permeable once；Described
Cutting orchard be select the 10 years life above age of tree " large thorn " Fructus Gleditsia fine individual plants as elite stand,
Elite stand gathers annual barbed branch and makees scion, make stock, grafting with Fructus Gleditsia seedling
Seedling strain, plants with the Seedling strain of grafting survival and sets up breeding cutting orchard, and plant seeding row spacing 1 × 2m,
During pruning, using bachelor's pruning method, trunk height stays 1.5m, and trunk selects and remain 15～30
The barbed annotinous branch that individual stalwartness is disease-free, trains into grafting scion for a certain area, again prunes
Time, 1.5m trunk should be kept to branch out and to grow barbed branch.
Further, in step (2), grafting bud leaf length 3cm, when cutting bud sheet under eye
Minister 1.2cm, upper minister 1.8cm, be whittled into an one-tenth with budding knife at 1.2cm below bud sheet
The section face at 45 degree of angles, band xylem thickness 0.2cm at eye；During grafting, stock does not cut anvil,
At ground 30～50cm, selecting a shiny surface, cut one identical with bud sheet size or be slightly larger than
The interface of bud plate shape, embeds in interface by the bud sheet cut, and the cambium layer of alignment is used
Wide 2cm, bud sheet is tightened by the plastic strip of long 40cm equably to be obturaged on stock, after grafting
In seven days the stock of grafting water again permeable once.
Further, in step (4), during pruning, the position of trunk height 2m is main producing
The position of thorn, when pruning in the winter time, the branch of all trunks is all wiped out so that it is form electric pole
Shape；In the season of growth, the 30cm that grows to of the branch spinosity that trunk grows is plucked
The heart, carries out pinching again, go down according to this after pinching when the twig grown grows to 20cm, 1 year even
Continuous pinching 3～5 times, stingless branch is all erased, to ensure the growth vigor that trunk stings.
The present invention uses vegetative thorn to plant with woods breeding Fructus Gleditsia, enhances Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture and uses woods
Resistance capacity, reduce natural disaster rate, decrease the preventing and treating to natural disaster, save raw
Produce nearly more than 3 times of cost；And adopting thorn is to gather on trunk, the most easily, changes soap
Pod stings the mode of adopting scolus traditional with woods, saves and manually adopts thorn expense more than 5 times.
It was verified that graft survival rate of the present invention can reach more than 90%, the healing of grafting mouth is good,
Grafting plant well developed root system, root system-prosperity, plant strain growth is vigorous.The plant of grafting survival is worked as
Annual Seedling height reaches 133cm, can reach more than 2.5m, First Year trunk knot thorn
Strain rate reaches 95.8%, and Second Year trunk knot big thorn strain rate reaches 100%, and trunk thorn growing way is good
Good, show the knot thorn feature of ' large thorn ' Fructus Gleditsia improved seeds completely.Mu plants 111 strains
' large thorn ' Fructus Gleditsia woods, Second Year trunk produces the average every strain 0.3kg of thorn, and every strain is only stung income and reached
33 yuan, economic well-being of workers and staff is considerable, plant with Fructus Gleditsia seedling compared with, the economic benefit phase
Can do sth. in advance 3～5 years, economic benefit improves more than 5 times.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.
Embodiment 1
(1) first, when Fructus Gleditsia in autumn seed maturation then, wild or artificial Fructus Gleditsia seedling tree
The excellent Fructus Gleditsia seed of upper collection is dry to be hidden standby, enters the Fructus Gleditsia seed of dry Tibetan spring at Second Year
Row processes, and selects have the sand soil of irrigation conditions to make nursery, carries out nursery and cultivates stock.
(2) to through processing the seed germinateed, trench digging is used to water hole pressing program request nursery, seeding row spacing
0.2 × 0.3 (m), every cave program request 2～3 seeds.
(3) the seed nursery stock until program request carries out in good time thinning after being unearthed, and every cave retains healthy and strong nursery stock one
Strain, every mu retains nursery stock 11000 strain.
(4) nursery stock retained is carried out scientific management, in good time watering, fertilizing, treat that nursery stock grows to high 80cm
Shi Jinhang pinching, to the side shoot sent after pinching, whole in ground up 50cm erase,
The side shoot of more than 50cm retains 5, and central authorities' branch retains 1, and the growth keeping central authorities' skill is excellent
Gesture；Pinching is carried out again when 5 side shoots retained are grown to 30cm, continuous pinching in 1 year 3 times,
Make its underpart diameter increment, in order to reach grafting rugosity requirement.
(5) through hoeing up weeds, loosening the soil the most in good time, the work such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, make training then
The footpath, nursery stock ground educated reaches more than 0.8cm, and 1～2cm, up to more than 0.8m, in case making
Grafting stock is planted.
(6) in autumn then (Luoyang, henan late October is to late November), dig in nursery lot
Go out qualified nursery stock to carry out afforestation and plant.Line-spacing of planting selects Plain or ground, rivers and creeks spacing in the rows 2m,
Line-spacing 4m, plants 83 strains for every mu；Plant spacing in the rows 2m in hilly ground and mountain region, line-spacing 3m, every mu
Planting 111 strains, the afforestation plant after surviving of planting is grafting stock.
(7) for ensureing the robust growth with grafting plant that survives of grafting bud, ' large thorn ' soap is selected
10 years above age of trees of life of pod, the elite stand that knot thorn is excellent gathers scion propagation by grafiting nursery stock, its
In, ' large thorn ' Fructus Gleditsia is that forest variety certification committee of Henan Province was on March 27th, 2013
The Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture of authorization with woods breeding, (numbering: Henan woods examines card word the 289th, number: Henan by breeding
S-SP-GS-028-2012), this kind stings big, sturdy, aubergine, this kind asexual propagation
Grafting new plant heritability keeps consistent with parent, and affinity is good, grows vigorous, shapes fast,
Survival rate is high, and trunk knot stings greatly early, high yield, high-quality, the big thorn of trunk long 15～30cm, and one
Year life scolus 10～15cm, stings base footpath more than 0.5cm, meets Vehicles Collected from Market medicated soap Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture rule
Lattice, within 2015, market price reaches 90～130 yuan/kg.Plant foundation with the Seedling strain of grafting survival
Breeding cutting orchard.The seeding row spacing that cutting orchard is planted, uses 1 × 2 (m).In operation and management,
Trunk height 1.5m can be stayed, the barbed annual shoot that 15～30 stalwartnesses that trunk is selected and remain are disease-free
Bar, trains into grafting scion for a certain area.After scion gathers, annual winter, cutting orchard is carried out
Prune, use " bachelor " pruning method to prune during pruning, i.e. keep the life of 1.5m trunk
Long advantage, in order to cultivate qualified grafting scion above that.
(8) grafting time is 6～August of Second Year, and the first seven sky of grafting should water permeable one stock
Secondary, during grafting, one people applies two knives, and one sharp, cuts bud sheet use, and another knife is used
In the thorn scraped on graft stock, it is simple to grafting.Every strain grafting qualified bud sheet one, grafting bud
Leaf length 3cm, band material portion thickness 0.2cm at eye.Minister 1.2cm under eye when cutting bud sheet,
Upper minister 1.8cm, is whittled into a section becoming 45 degree of angles with budding knife at 1.2cm below bud sheet
Face, it is simple to be inlaid on stock.During grafting, stock does not cut anvil, at ground 30～50cm,
Select a shiny surface, cut one with bud sheet size or slightly larger than the interface of bud plate shape, by cut
Bud sheet embeds in interface, and that aligns is split into layer, with wide 2cm, the plastic strip of long 40cm
Being tightened by bud sheet equably obturages on stock, in seven days, the stock of grafting is irrigated again after grafting
Water is once.Graft survival rate reaches more than 90%, and the healing of grafting mouth is good, grafting plant root system
Prosperity, plant strain growth is vigorous, and height of seedling averagely reaches 133cm then, can reach 2.5m
Above.
(9) 6～grafting in July within 30～40 days, anvil can be cut after grafting then, cutting transferring of anvil
Stay the stock of 15～20cm length above buddering, grafting can be cultivated after cutting anvil then and grow to 0.5m
Above, Second Year continuation cultivation makes grafting Seedling height can reach more than 2m；Transfer in August
Connect can cut anvil in Second Year spring (Luoyang, henan March), above grafting bud 1～
Once cut anvil at 2cm to put in place, after cutting anvil, carry out meticulous tending management on request, make grafting work as
Year Seedling height can reach more than 2m.Meanwhile, for preventing the plant of grafting survival from not scraped disconnected by wind,
Windproof rod should be set up at plant to protect surviving.The plant Gao Sheng of two kinds of time grafting survivals
Long, second reaches the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture requirement with woods trunk height every year.
(10) the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture tree-like employing " the naturally happy type of high level cadre " of woods, i.e. trunk height 2m,
Major branch 3～5, form happy type.During pruning, the position of trunk height 2m is main producing
The position of thorn, when pruning in the winter time, the branch of all trunks is all wiped out so that it is form electric pole
Shape, the season of growth, the 30cm that grows to of the branch spinosity that trunk grows is carried out pinching,
Carry out pinching when the twig grown after pinching grows to 20cm again, go down according to this, within 1 year, pluck continuously
The heart 3～5 times；Stingless branch is all erased, to ensure the growth vigor that trunk stings.Pass through
Managing with delicacy, the plant strain growth making grafting survival is vigorous, and the big thorn strain of Second Year trunk knot reaches
100%, produce thorn amount average yield per mu up to 33kg (mu plants 111 strains), the 3rd year trunk product thorn amount
Reaching 55kg, the quality of thorn meets the requirement to thorn specification of the Present Domestic outer market, and drug effect becomes
Part is good, high financial profit, and within the 3rd year, grafting plant trunk thorn per kilogram market price can reach
110 yuan (market price in 2015), every mu of average yield can reach more than 6000 yuan.With adopt
With the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture forest form ratio of seedling plantation, the economic well-being of workers and staff phase can do sth. in advance 3～5 years, directly
Economic benefit can improve more than 5 times.
Claims (4)
1. the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture asexual reproduction method of woods breeding, it is characterised in that include following step
Rapid:
(1) stock and scion are selected: graft stock uses the nursery stock that Fructus Gleditsia seed is cultivated, and seedling age is not
Must be more than 2 years, footpath, ground 1～2cm, the highly branch of more than 80cm, below 50cm are all smeared
Go, grafting part diameter 0.8cm～1.8cm；Grafting scion is selected from age of tree soap more than 10 years
Annual band healthy and strong, without pest and disease damage is gathered in the cutting orchard that barbed branch on pod elite stand is set up
Thorn branch and band spinoblast, scion base diameter 0.5～1.0cm；
(2) grafting: carry out embedding bud grafting in annual 6～August, should be according to Fructus Gleditsia annual shoot
The feature of bar, when cutting grafting bud sheet, will cut thorn and petiole, retain puneture and stipe scar exists
On grafting bud sheet, then within 30～40 days after grafting, carry out solving nation；
(3) protection of anvil and grafting plant is cut: 6～the Seedling strain of grafting in July, after grafting 30～40
It cuts anvil, is cutting the stock staying 15～20cm length above the grafting bud of anvil then, at Second Year
Spring then cuts anvil at 1～2cm above grafting bud；The Seedling strain of grafting in August is second
Year spring cut anvil, above grafting bud, once cut anvil at 1～2cm put in place；Ying Cheng simultaneously
Windproof rod is set up to protect at plant alive；
(4) pruning: the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture tree-like employing " the naturally happy type of high level cadre " of woods, i.e. trunk
High 2m, major branch 3～5, form happy type tree-like.
The Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture the most according to claim 1 asexual reproduction method of woods breeding, its feature
Being, in step (1), the nursery stock that described Fructus Gleditsia seed is cultivated is Fructus Gleditsia in autumn seed then
Time ripe, gather the dry Tibetan of Fructus Gleditsia seed standby, in Second Year nursery in spring, at seedling growth
During, want frequent bud picking, 50～80cm parts to retain 3～5 at the up 50cm of ground
Side shoot, carries out pinching, pinching in 1 year 2～4 times, is trained grafting when side shoot grows to 30cm
Use rootstock seedling；Described graft stock in the first seven sky of grafting should graft stock water permeable once；Institute
State cutting orchard be select the 10 years life above age of tree " large thorn " Fructus Gleditsia fine individual plants as elite stand,
Elite stand gathers annual barbed branch and makees scion, make stock, grafting with Fructus Gleditsia seedling
Seedling strain, plants with the Seedling strain of grafting survival and sets up breeding cutting orchard, and plant seeding row spacing 1 × 2m,
During pruning, using bachelor's pruning method, trunk height stays 1.5m, and trunk selects and remain 15～30
The barbed annotinous branch that individual stalwartness is disease-free, trains into grafting scion for a certain area, again prunes
Time, 1.5m trunk should be kept to branch out and to grow barbed branch.
The Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture the most according to claim 1 and 2 asexual reproduction method of woods breeding, its
It is characterised by, in step (2), grafting bud leaf length 3cm, eye bottom when cutting bud sheet
Long 1.2cm, upper minister 1.8cm, be whittled into one with budding knife at 1.2cm below bud sheet and become 45
The section face at degree angle, band xylem thickness 0.2cm at eye；During grafting, stock does not cut anvil,
At ground 30～50cm, select a shiny surface, cut one identical with bud sheet size or slightly larger than bud
The interface of plate shape, embeds in interface by the bud sheet cut, and the cambium layer of alignment, with width
2cm, bud sheet is tightened by the plastic strip of long 40cm equably to be obturaged on stock, after grafting seven days
The stock of interior grafting water again permeable once.
4. according to the asexual reproduction method of woods breeding of the Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture one of claims 1 to 3 Suo Shu,
It is characterized in that, in step (4), when pruning in the winter time, the branch of all trunks is all cut
Remove；In the season of growth, the 30cm that grows to of the branch spinosity that trunk grows is carried out pinching,
Carry out pinching when the twig grown after pinching grows to 20cm again, go down according to this, within 1 year, pluck continuously
The heart 3～5 times；Stingless branch is all erased.
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| CN113615409A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-11-09 | 成都天河农业旅游发展有限公司 | Novel grafting method for Chinese honeylocust trees |
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