CN106613659B - Grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle - Google Patents
Grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle. The grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps: flood irrigation is carried out on the stock land one day after sunset before grafting; the annual robust branches of the golden armor are selected as scion materials to prepare the scions, and the scions are grafted on the rootstocks by adopting a scion grafting or bud grafting method. The invention screens and improves the grafting method, the grafting time, the positions of the scion and the grafted bud and the management after grafting, grafts the golden beetle with excellent characters on the Hokkaido boxwood of the same genus, and the asexual propagation mode can keep the excellent characters of two parents. Compared with the traditional propagation method, the grafting propagation technology of the golden beetle and the Hokkaido boxwood is carried out according to the method, the offspring not only shows the excellent ornamental property of the golden beetle, but also can improve the drought resistance and cold resistance of the golden beetle, and can improve the survival rate from less than 70 percent to more than 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle.
Background
Hokkaido boxwood (Euonymus japonica Thunb.) is called Euonymus hollyx and Buxus megalophylla, and is shrub or small tree of Euonymus of Celastraceae. The small branches have four edges and have fine wrinkles. The leafy leathers, glossy, inverted oval or elliptical, native to Japan, were introduced from the Hokkaido city of Japan into China in 1986, and are also called "ilex japonicus" and "buxus japonicus". The evergreen broad-leaved arbor tree species is evergreen in four seasons, leaves do not fall off and are leafy, the leaves are larger, round and thicker than common big leaf boxwood, the edges of the leaves curl upwards slightly, the veins are obvious, the leaves are dark green and glossy, and the color of the leaves is not changed in winter; has certain ornamental and greening values.
The golden armor is a variety of Buxus sempervirens belonging to Celastraceae and Euonymus. The new excellent variety is bred by Henan red maple seedling limited company for years. Compared with common euonymus plants, the variety has the advantages that the leaves are alternately golden yellow and dark green, and the red fruits are hung on the leaves. Straight branches, strong sprout tillering capability, high transplanting survival rate and easy maintenance. The fertilizer has the characteristics of developed root system, strong stress resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, water-moisture resistance, salt and alkali resistance, sand and wasteland resistance, pollution resistance, sunburn resistance and the like. Is suitable for growing in various severe natural environments.
The euonymus japonicus and a new variety 'golden beetle' belong to euonymus plants of euonymus of euonyiaceae, the common current propagation modes of the euonymus plants comprise seeding propagation and cutting propagation, and the traditional propagation mode seriously restricts the large-scale seedling culture due to the defects of long growth period, slow growth, high propagation cost and the like. And the ornamental value of the product is reduced due to the single character. Therefore, a proper breeding mode is required to be searched, and the ornamental value of the euonymus plant varieties is enriched.
Grafting is one of the artificial vegetative propagation methods of plants, that is, grafting the branch or bud of one plant to the stem or root of another plant, so that the two parts which are connected together can grow into a complete plant. The grafting method is divided into a branch grafting method and a bud grafting method. During grafting, the scion and the cambium of the stock are tightly combined to ensure the survival of the scion. The grafted branch or bud, called scion, and the grafted plant body, called rootstock or table wood. When scion is carried out, a seedling with 2 to 4 buds is generally selected, the grafted seedling becomes the upper part or the top of a plant body, and a stock becomes the root part of the plant body after grafting. The grafting can not only keep the excellent characters of the scion variety, but also utilize the favorable characteristics of the stock to achieve the purposes of early fruiting, enhancing the cold resistance, drought resistance and disease and insect resistance, and also can economically utilize propagation materials and increase the number of seedlings. However, no grafting technology for Hokkaido boxwood and a new variety of golden beetles is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle. The grafting cultivation method of the golden armor can obviously improve the grafting survival rate of the golden armor, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle, which comprises the following steps:
flood irrigation is carried out on the stock land one day after sunset before grafting;
the annual robust branches of the golden armor are selected as scion materials to prepare the scions, and the scions are grafted on the rootstocks by adopting a scion grafting or bud grafting method.
The invention takes gold beetle as scion, takes the boxwood of Hokkaido as stock, carries out scion grafting in spring and carries out bud grafting in summer. The main sign of graft survival is that the stock and the scion are connected together through callus to form a new plant. The rootstocks and the scions with good filling degree and fresh-keeping condition can be selected to generate a large amount of calluses, and the corresponding grafting survival rate is higher. In addition, the higher the affinity of the two in tissue structure, physiological and genetic characteristics, the higher the grafting survival rate. Therefore, the selection of the rootstock and the scion and the affinity of the rootstock and the scion are key factors for survival of the grafting. Compared with the traditional grafting mode, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the flood irrigation is carried out before grafting, and the key of survival of grafting is realized. In addition, the scion and the stock adopt standardized collection, standardized stem cutting, strip taking, branch grafting and bud grafting modes in different seasons, professional maintenance and management in the later period and the like, so that a set of mature grafting cultivation management system is formed. Compared with the traditional grafting method, the method can improve the survival rate to more than 90 percent, and has wide technical application and popularization prospect.
Preferably, the time of flood irrigation is 18: 00-19: 00.
Preferably, the flood irrigation time is 2.5-3.5 h, and the irrigation quantity per mu of land is 130-140 cubic meters.
Preferably, the time of flood irrigation is 3h (3h of flood irrigation is 20cm from the ground surface, and 134 cubic/mu).
Preferably, the annual robust Jinjia branches are 60-80cm long branches with 4-6 axillary buds.
In an embodiment provided by the invention, the grafting adopts a grafting mode, and the grafting season is spring. The grafting is preferably carried out in the dormancy stage, the flowing of the stock sap is started, and the scion is not germinated best, and most before the scion is germinated in spring.
Preferably, the scion is an upper scion, and the upper scion is a stem section from the top of the scion material to the 4 th axillary bud.
In another embodiment provided by the invention, the grafting adopts a bud grafting mode, and the bud grafting season is summer. The propagation coefficient of bud grafting is high, and the scion is saved, but the bud grafting is carried out in the period that the plant is active and cambium cells rapidly divide, generally the bud grafting is concentrated in 6 to 8 months, and the plant is easy to peel.
Preferably, the bud grafting adopts a lower bud, and the lower bud is any one of 5 th axillary bud to the last axillary bud counted from the top of the scion material.
In embodiments provided herein, the rootstock is a three-year old or four-year old hokkaido boxwood.
Preferably, the grafting of the scion to the rootstock further comprises pinching and pruning.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting an upper scion (an upper scion is arranged above a 4 th leaf bud from the top to the bottom, and a lower scion is arranged below the leaf bud) of a current-year branch of the golden nail with 4-6 buds, full bud growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests as a grafting scion to be grafted in spring; bud grafting is carried out on buds at the lower part of the branch (the upper buds are within 4 buds from the top to the bottom, and the lower buds are below the 4 th bud) in summer, and then the bud grafting is carried out along with the picking;
2) selecting three-year-old Hokkaido boxwood which grows vigorously, has developed root systems, straight trunk and 4-6 cm chest diameter as a stock;
3) grafting (spring): firstly, the stock is cut about 10cm below the original fixed stem, and the sprout strips within 10cm below the cut are removed and completely retained. The base of the scion is cut into a wedge shape. Vertically and downwards splitting the middle of the cross section of the stock by using a cleaver, inserting the cut scion into a cleft of the stock to ensure that the cambiums of the stock and the cleft are aligned and closely connected, and binding by using a plastic sealing strip. The diameter of the stock and the diameter of the scion are uniform and similar;
4) budding (summer): carrying out budding (embedded budding) with wood on 3-4 branches selected and reserved at the top of the Hokkaido boxwood respectively. The branches below the grafting part are all removed. And (4) when binding, completely wrapping the branches and buds by using plastic strips. During bud grafting, the bud sheets are aligned with the cambium, so that the cambium is tightly attached to the cut surfaces of the stock and tightly bound by using plastic sealing strips, and buds are exposed;
5) after grafting, the cross section of the stock and the white leakage position of the scion are sealed by a plastic film, the top end of the stock is sleeved with a plastic bag, and then the stock is tightly bound by a hemp rope. Thereby effectively preventing the scion from losing water and improving the grafting survival rate;
6) the plastic cloth can be untied when the bud on the scion grows to about 15cm, and then the scion is bound and reinforced by a string so as to prevent the scion from falling off due to strong wind and artificial touch. When the grafted new branch grows to about 30cm, pinching is carried out in time so as to avoid inhibiting the germination of lateral branches, and inward-growing branches are removed in time. Trimming and shaping 5 late months in the second year, performing crown treatment, and outplanting in spring in the third year.
7) Spraying 1000-2000 times of solution of trichlorfon raw powder, 70-80% of chlorothalonil and 1000-2000 times of solution of wettable powder according to the proportion of 1:2:1 to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. The grafting is carried out 3-4 times per year alternately, and the same biological control medicine can be adopted for treatment as in grafting.
The invention provides a grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle. The grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps: flood irrigation is carried out on the stock land one day after sunset before grafting; the annual robust branches of the golden armor are selected as scion materials to prepare the scions, and the scions are grafted on the rootstocks by adopting a scion grafting or bud grafting method. The invention has at least one of the following advantages:
1. the invention screens and improves the grafting method, the grafting time, the positions of the scion and the grafted bud and the management after grafting, grafts the golden beetle with excellent characters on the Hokkaido boxwood of the same genus, and the asexual propagation mode can keep the excellent characters of two parents. Compared with the traditional propagation method, the grafting propagation technology of the golden beetle and the Hokkaido boxwood is carried out according to the method, the offspring not only shows the excellent ornamental property of the golden beetle, but also can improve the drought resistance and cold resistance of the golden beetle, and can improve the survival rate from less than 70 percent to more than 90 percent;
2. compared with the traditional propagation method, the grafting propagation technology of the golden beetle and the Hokkaido boxwood is carried out according to the method, and the offspring not only shows the excellent ornamental property of the golden beetle, but also can improve the drought resistance and cold resistance of the golden beetle;
3. according to the invention, through a scientific grafting cultivation process and reasonable water and fertilizer conservation, the limitations of long growth period, slow growth, high breeding cost and the like of the traditional breeding mode are broken, and large-scale seedling culture can be realized.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle, which can be realized by appropriately improving process parameters by referring to the content of the grafting cultivation method. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the main operation steps of the grafting cultivation method are as follows:
1. grafting method
(1) Preparation before grafting
Before grafting, weeds in the scion and stock plots are cleaned. And (4) performing flood irrigation between 6:00 and 7:00 a night after the grafting, thoroughly irrigating the soil once to allow root fixing water to permeate, and keeping the soil neat and moist. And preparing for grafting experiments.
(2) Selection of seed bars and scions
The seed strips and the scions are both taken from a new species of euonymus plant golden armor which is a national plant of three years old of Henan red maple seedling GmbH. The seed branches are current-year branches with the diameter (0.8-2.0) similar to that of the cross section of the rootstock. The scions were taken from the upper and lower parts of the shoot (upper part from the top to the 4 th leaf bud and lower part from bottom).
Branches which are full in bud growth vigor, annual, free of diseases and insect pests and strong in growth vigor are selected, the branches are 60-80cm long and generally carry 4-6 buds, and leaf stalks of leaves beside bud bases are reserved. The remained buds are healthy and vital, and dry and diseased branches are removed, so that the strips are picked at any time. The picked branches are wrapped by gauze and soaked in clear water for 20-30min, the time is not too long, the branches are kept moist without water loss, and meanwhile, the grafting operation is carried out as soon as possible;
(3) selection of rootstocks
The stock is selected from three-year or four-year-old Hokkaido boxwood in yellow river beach area base of Henan red maple seedling stock Co.
Stock selection standard: the branches are taken from seedlings which grow three or four years old, have vigorous growth, no plant diseases and insect pests, developed root systems and straight trunks. Selecting 3-4 lateral branches in the cross direction, reserving 20-30cm of each lateral branch, and completely removing the rest branches. And cutting off the root at a distance of 18-20cm, wherein the diameter of the section is about 0.8-2.0 cm.
(4) Position of scion and grafted bud:
in the grafting and bud grafting test, the upper scion and the lower scion and the upper bud and the lower bud are respectively adopted for grafting. (upper shoots are within 4 shoots from the top downward, and lower shoots are below the 4 th shoot). Wherein, the upper scion is preferably adopted for spring grafting, and the lower bud is preferably adopted for summer bud grafting.
(5) Grafting method
The grafting mode of the invention adopts a spring grafting and summer budding method.
A grafting method:
firstly, the stock is cut about 10cm below the original fixed stem, and the sprout strips within 10cm below the cut are removed and completely retained. Then, grafting (subcutaneous grafting) was performed. The base of the scion is cut into a wedge shape. Vertically and downwards splitting the middle of the cross section of the stock by using a cleaver, inserting the cut scion into a cleft of the stock to ensure that the cambiums of the stock and the cleft are aligned and closely connected, and binding by using a plastic sealing strip. The diameter of the stock and the scion are uniform and similar.
A budding method:
budding with wood (embedded budding) is respectively carried out on 3-4 branches selected and reserved at the top of the boxwood in the Hokkaido. The branches below the grafting part are all removed. And (4) when binding, completely wrapping the branches and buds by using plastic strips. And horizontally beveling the bud slice from the position 1.0-1.5cm above the bud of the bud grafting branch to the position 1.5-2.0cm below the bud base by using a sharp bud grafting knife with a xylem downwards, and reserving the petiole of the leaf beside the bud base. Then, a cutting surface similar to the length and the width of the grafting bud piece is cut at the leeward smooth position 8.0-10.0cm away from the ground on the stock from top to bottom, the cutting piece is removed by beveling at the lower end, the bud piece is aligned with the cambium to be tightly attached to the cutting surface on the stock, and the bud is tightly bound by a plastic seal strip and exposed.
(6) Grafting time
The grafting season is selected before spring sprout and in summer. Wherein, the grafting is preferably carried out in the dormancy stage, the flowing of the stock sap is started, and the scion is best when the scion is not germinated, and most of the scions are not germinated in spring. The propagation coefficient of bud grafting is high, and the scion is saved, but the bud grafting is carried out in the period that the plant is active and cambium cells rapidly divide, generally the bud grafting is concentrated in 6 to 8 months, and the plant is easy to peel.
2. Post-inoculation management
(1) Prevent scion from losing water
After grafting, the cross section of the stock and the white leakage position of the scion are sealed by a plastic film, the top end of the stock is sleeved with a plastic bag, and then the stock is tightly bound by a hemp rope. The plastic film is used for sealing the cross section of the stock so as to prevent the scion necrosis caused by water accumulation, and the plastic bag can be worn to play a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation on the scion. The method can effectively prevent the scion from losing water and improve the grafting survival rate.
(2) Pinching and trimming
The plastic cloth can be untied when the bud on the scion grows to about 15cm, then the scion is reinforced, and the scion can be bound and reinforced by a string so as to prevent falling off caused by strong wind and artificial touch. When the grafted new branch grows to about 30cm, pinching is carried out in time so as to avoid inhibiting the germination of lateral branches, and inward-growing branches are removed in time. Trimming and shaping 5 late months in the second year, performing crown treatment, and outplanting in spring in the third year.
(3) Reinforced water fertilizer
And (3) removing the tillers, enhancing water and fertilizer management, and removing the sprouts on the rootstocks in time so as to avoid consuming excessive nutrients, and paying attention to pest control in rainy seasons.
(4) Pest control
The disease control of the Hokkaido boxwood is mainly carried out by spraying and sterilizing dipterex, chlorothalonil and wettable powder according to the proportion of 1:2: 1. The grafting is carried out 3-4 times per year alternately, and the same biological control medicine can be adopted for treatment as in grafting.
The materials used in the grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetle provided by the invention can be purchased from the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1 grafting cultivation technique of golden armor
1. Grafting method
(1) Preparation before grafting
Compared with the traditional grafting mode, the method disclosed by the invention firstly performs flood irrigation on the stock land for 3 hours before grafting, and completely waters root fixing water for one time. Irrigation is preferably carried out between 6:00 and 7:00 after sunset one night before grafting, so that the grafted plants can grow in a proper environment.
(2) Selection of seed bars and scions
The seed strips and the scions are both taken from a new species of euonymus plant golden armor which is a national plant of three years old of Henan red maple seedling GmbH. The seed branches are current-year branches with the diameter (0.8-2.0) similar to that of the cross section of the rootstock. The scions were taken from the upper and lower parts of the shoot (upper part from the top to the 4 th leaf bud and lower part from bottom). Branches which are full in bud growth vigor, annual, free of diseases and insect pests and strong in growth vigor are selected, the branches are 60-80cm long and generally have 6-8 buds, and leaf stalks of leaves beside bud bases are reserved. The remained buds are healthy and vital, and dry and diseased branches are removed, so that the strips are picked at any time. The picked branches are wrapped by gauze and soaked in clear water for 20-30min, the time is not long enough, the branches are kept moist without water loss, and meanwhile, the grafting operation is carried out as soon as possible.
(3) Selection of rootstocks
The stock is selected from three-year or four-year-old Hokkaido boxwood in yellow river beach area base of Henan red maple seedling stock Co.
Stock selection standard: the branches are taken from seedlings which grow three or four years old, have vigorous growth, no plant diseases and insect pests, developed root systems and straight trunks. Selecting 3-4 lateral branches in the cross direction, reserving 20-30cm of each lateral branch, and completely removing the rest branches. And cutting off the root at a distance of 18-20cm, wherein the diameter of the section is about 0.8-2.0 cm.
(4) Grafting method
In the grafting test, the upper scion was used for grafting in spring. (the upper scion is located above the 4 th leaf bud from the top and the lower scion is located below)
In the bud grafting test, the lower buds are used for grafting in summer. (upper buds are within 4 buds from top to bottom, and lower buds are below the 4 th bud)
Grafting:
cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge shape, wherein the cutting surface is 2.5-3.0cm long, the outer part is slightly thicker than the inner side, cutting and keeping 2-3 buds to be cut, then cutting the stock at a position 18-20cm away from the base part, vertically and downwards cutting the middle part of the section of the stock by using a cleaver with the depth similar to the length of the cutting surface of the scion, inserting the cut scion into the cleft of the stock, aligning and closely connecting the cambiums of the stock and the cleaver, and binding by using a plastic sealing strip. When binding, clockwise winding for 3-4 weeks is preferred. The diameter of the stock and the scion are uniform and similar.
Bud grafting:
and horizontally beveling the bud slice from the position 1.0-1.5cm above the bud of the bud grafting branch to the position 1.5-2.0cm below the bud base by using a sharp bud grafting knife with a xylem downwards, and reserving the petiole of the leaf beside the bud base. Then, a cutting surface similar to the length and the width of the grafting bud piece is cut at the leeward smooth position 8.0-10.0cm away from the ground on the stock from top to bottom, the cutting piece is removed by beveling at the lower end, the bud piece is aligned with the cambium to be tightly attached to the cutting surface on the stock, gold is bound by a plastic seal, and the bud is exposed.
2. Post-inoculation management
(1) Prevent scion from losing water
After grafting, the cross section of the stock and the white leakage position of the scion are sealed by a plastic film, the top end of the stock is sleeved with a plastic bag, and then the stock is tightly bound by a hemp rope. The plastic film is used for sealing the cross section of the stock so as to prevent the scion necrosis caused by water accumulation, and the plastic bag can be worn to play a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation on the scion. The method can effectively prevent the scion from losing water and improve the grafting survival rate.
(2) Pinching and trimming
The plastic cloth can be untied when the bud on the scion grows to about 15cm, then the scion is reinforced, and the scion can be bound and reinforced by a string so as to prevent falling off caused by strong wind and artificial touch. After the bud grafting survives, because the nutrients are concentrated on the bud eyes, the new branches grow excessively, the new branches which are too vigorous should be cut short, and other watering and fertilizing are normally carried out. When the grafted new branch grows to about 30cm, pinching is carried out in time so as to avoid inhibiting the germination of lateral branches, and inward-growing branches are removed in time. Trimming and shaping 5 late months in the second year, performing crown treatment, and outplanting in spring in the third year.
(3) Reinforced water fertilizer
And (4) removing the tillers, enhancing water and fertilizer management, and removing the sprouts on the rootstocks in time so as to avoid consuming excessive nutrients. 3 seasons in spring, summer and autumn are vigorous growth seasons, reasonable operation and planning are carried out on fertilizer and water management, circulation is carried out according to the sequence of fertilizer, water, fertilizer and water, the interval period is generally controlled to be 3-4d, if the weather is clear or the temperature is high, the interval period is properly short, and if the weather is rainy or the temperature is low, the watering interval period is proper long or no watering is carried out; when the winter is in a dormant period, the work of controlling fertilizer and water and the like should be done. Generally, cake fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer, each plant is 2-5kg according to the size of the tree, and nitrogen fertilizer can be directly scattered on the surface of the bag of the tree after rain.
(4) And (3) pest control:
the 1000-fold and 2000-fold liquid of the trichlorfon raw powder, 70-80 percent of chlorothalonil and the 1000-fold and 2000-fold liquid of the wettable powder are mixed according to the ratio of 1:2:1 for spraying to prevent and control the plant diseases and insect pests. The grafting is carried out 3-4 times per year alternately, and the same biological control medicine can be adopted for treatment as in grafting.
Test example 1 Effect test
1. Comparison of flood and non-flood irrigation
Compared with the traditional grafting mode, the method disclosed by the invention firstly performs flood irrigation on the stock land for 3 hours before grafting, and completely waters root fixing water for one time. Irrigation is preferably carried out between 6:00 and 7:00 after sunset one night before grafting. The grafted plant is kept growing under the appropriate environment. The method of the invention can obviously improve the grafting survival rate. The previous 3 days of flood irrigation (3h), the previous 1 day of flood irrigation (1h), the previous 1 day of flood irrigation (3h) and no flood irrigation were used as control tests, the operation was the same as that of example 1, and the statistical survival rate and observed growth conditions are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of growth conditions of different treatment modes before grafting
| Type (B) | Survival rate | Growth conditions |
| Non-flood irrigation | 50％ | + |
| Flood irrigation for 3 days (3h) | 70％ | ++ |
| Flood irrigation for 1 day (1h) | 65％ | ++ |
| Flood irrigation for 1 day (3h) | 89％ | +++ |
Description of the drawings: the survival rate is the number of the survival grafted plants/the number of the grafted plants; the "+" indicates that the stock and the scion can not be healed and the grafting survival rate is low; the "+" indicates that the rootstock and the scion are slowly healed but can form a new plant, and the survival rate is general; the "+ + +" shows that the rootstock and the scion can generate callus quickly and the grafting survival rate is high; 1h is equivalent to 53 cubes per mu (666.67 square meters per mu, height 8cm below the ground surface of the flood irrigation, and water consumption 666.67 x 0.08 to 53 cubes per mu); 3h is equivalent to 134 cubes/mu (height 20cm from the ground surface, water consumption 666.67 x 0.2 x 134 cubes/mu).
2. Comparison of positions of scions and grafted shoots
In the branch grafting and bud grafting test, the upper scion and the lower scion are adopted, and the upper bud and the lower bud are grafted respectively (the upper scion is above the 4 th leaf bud from the top to the bottom, the lower scion is below the 4 th leaf bud, the upper bud is within 4 buds from the top to the bottom, and the lower bud is below the 4 th bud). The other operations were the same as in example 1. And (4) counting the survival rate, wherein the result is as follows:
TABLE 2 statistics of scion growth at the upper and lower parts of the scion
Description of the drawings: the ground diameter is 10cm away from the ground for the nursery stock; measuring the average growth amount of the ground diameter and the average plant height in the current year by using a vernier caliper; the survival rate is the survival tree grafted/grafted tree.
TABLE 3 statistics of growth of upper and lower buds grafted
Description of the drawings: the ground diameter is 10cm away from the ground for the nursery stock; measuring the average growth amount of the ground diameter and the average plant height in the current year by using a vernier caliper; the survival rate is the survival tree grafted/grafted tree.
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, the growth rate and the plant height of the plant are higher after successful grafting compared with summer due to the fast growth in spring. Wherein, the survival rate of the scions on the upper part of the spring scions is obviously higher than that of the scions on the lower part; the survival rate of the scions at the lower part of the scions is slightly higher than that of the scions at the upper part of the scions. The survival rate of the lower buds of the bud grafting in spring is higher than that of the upper buds; the survival rate of the lower buds is obviously higher than that of the upper buds in the bud grafting in summer.
It is preferable to adopt upper scions for spring scion grafting and lower buds for summer bud grafting.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A grafting cultivation method of euonymus plant golden beetles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
flood irrigation is carried out on the stock land one day after sunset before grafting;
selecting annual robust golden armor branches as a scion material to prepare scions, and grafting the scions to the stocks by adopting a scion grafting or bud grafting method;
the branch grafting season is spring, the branch grafting adopts an upper scion, and the upper scion is a stem section from the top of a scion material to the 4 th axillary bud;
the bud grafting season is summer, the bud grafting adopts a lower bud, and the lower bud is any one of 5 th axillary bud counted from the top of the scion material to the last axillary bud.
2. The grafting cultivation method as recited in claim 1, wherein the time of the flood irrigation is 18: 00-19: 00.
3. The grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the flood irrigation time is 2.5-3.5 hours, and the irrigation amount per mu of land is 130-140 cubic meters.
4. The grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the annual robust golden armor branch is a branch with 4-6 axillary buds and a length of 60-80 cm.
5. The grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock is a three-year or four-year old Hokkaido boxwood.
6. The grafting cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising pinching and trimming after grafting the scion to the rootstock.
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| CN113950975B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-02-10 | 石家庄市绿缘达园林工程有限公司 | Grafting method for improving cold resistance of Hokkaido boxwood and realizing rapid forming |
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