CN106171558B - A method for obtaining hybrid seeds by high grafting of 8 × 9 apple varieties - Google Patents
A method for obtaining hybrid seeds by high grafting of 8 × 9 apple varieties Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171558B CN106171558B CN201610584482.9A CN201610584482A CN106171558B CN 106171558 B CN106171558 B CN 106171558B CN 201610584482 A CN201610584482 A CN 201610584482A CN 106171558 B CN106171558 B CN 106171558B
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind 8 × 9 apple multi items height obtain hybrid seed method；It is to choose the apple tree of 3-5 growth potential stalwartness as maternal plant, the rich brachyplast of maternal plant variety adoption dragon；Bull height connects Jin Shuai, the U.S. 8, sweet crisp, Qin Guan, first red, red love, Pink and red sweet eight kinds of dragon as female parent respectively simultaneously on apple maternal plant；As a result after, classified according to female parent and pick fruit, obtain multiway cross Apple Seeds；The sowing of second year spring lamination, observation is further sowed convenient for next year.The present invention has the characteristic of cross-pollination using apple, and multi items flower close contact makes its spontaneous pollination in pollinating process, do not need that the fruit with different parents can be formed by manpower, easy to operate；Primary grafting can be achieved, harvest hybrid seed for many years.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind 8 × 9 apple multi items height obtain hybrid seed method more particularly to a kind of apple list
Strain multi items height connects the filial generation method that breeding of growing directly from seeds is cultivated in natural hybridization, belongs to fruit breeding field.
Background technique
As China's apple cultivation area expands rapidly, the quality requirements of apple are significantly improved in the market, are either gone out
In the angle of consumer or grower, apple variety innovation is particularly important.
The method of Apple breeding has much at present, and crossbreeding is although ancient still to occupy dominant position, such as current China
The apple cultivars ' Fuji ' widely cultivated, ' loud, high-pitched sound ', ' Qin Guan ', ' Hua Guan ', ' Qiao Najin ', the main cultivation that America and Europe cultivates extensively
Kind ' Bu Ruiben ', ' Pink ', ' close crisp ', ' Pacific Ocean rose ' etc. are obtained by artificial hybridization means, these
The apple variety selected after hybridization, common manifestation go out unprecedented fine quality, are pursued by market, account for current cultivation face
Long-pending 70% or more.Therefore at this stage, still there is great realistic meaning by hybridizing means breeding Variety of Apple.
The method but traditional artificial hybridization is grown directly from seeds obtains hybrid seed, is very trifling laborious task.It is artificial miscellaneous
Friendship such as needs to expend a large amount of manpower and carries out artificial pollination, including adopt powder, emasculation, hybridization, bagging at various programs, time-consuming and take
Power.Only hybridize a link, a skilled operator can about pollinate 300 for one day, advise according to current breeding
Rule, each seed that should at least obtain on 1000 that combines could capture enough variations, with the calculating of percentage of fertile fruit 30%, Mei Geguo
It is real to obtain 5 normal seeds calculating, need work two days.Since the florescence is limited, often a Growing season can be only done 2-3 group
The crossing work of conjunction.Working environment is severe, and heavy workload, production cost is continuously increased, constrain extensive crossbreeding into
Row, this is also resulted in, and China's breeding efficiency is not high, protrudes status of less types.Be badly in need of one kind save human and material resources, combine it is more
Sample, variation hybridization technique abundant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of that apple variety artificial hybridization is cumbersome in existing production, provides a kind of side
Just operation, 8 × 9 apple multi items height that variation type is more, readily selected obtain hybrid seed method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following scheme:
1) apple tree of 3-5 growth potential stalwartness is chosen as maternal plant, the rich brachyplast of maternal plant variety adoption dragon；
2) bull height meets Jin Shuai, the U.S. 8, honey crisp (Honey crisp), Qin Guan, head respectively simultaneously on apple maternal plant
Red (Red chief), red love (red love), Pink (pink lady) and red sweet eight kinds of dragon are as maternal；Grafting
When, by first red grafting in maternal plant top eminence, remaining eight kind, which is uniformly grafted, grafts 20- in maternal plant surrounding, every plant of maternal plant
30 sites, each kind are grafted 2-3 head, are not bordered by mutually between each kind；It is whole to the branch that do not graft after the completion of grafting
Heavy pruning, the branch after being allowed to and grafting are grown together；Period routinely manages；It can restore tree crown within general 2 years, completely may be used within 3 years
It is solid to get bumper crops；
3) after result, classified according to female parent and pick fruit, obtain multiway cross Apple Seeds；Second year spring lamination is broadcast
Kind, observation is further sowed convenient for next year；
4) after the seed sprouting result sowed in step 3), using the conventional procedure of breeding that grows directly from seeds, discovery high yield is good excellent
After system, take tender leaf or young sprout by its paternal origin of SSR or AFLP technical appraisement, with the major clique made further research.
In the present invention, selected Long Fuwei brachyplast apple bud mutation new varieties, are the characters of Shandong Agricultural University's breeding
Excellent variety has tree crown compact, and updating ability is strong, is not easy early ageing, blade is loose and thick, and assimilative capacicy is strong, Cheng Huarong
Easily, yielding ability and excellent stability, continuous bearing capacity is strong, and fruit uniformity is high, and colouring speeds are fast, and high quality fruit is more, thick flavor
The advantages that thickness, taste quality is excellent, Comprehensive Traits are substantially better than the cigarette richness 6 cultivated at present and wait winter apples kind, before development
Scape is wide.It can embody the traditional excellent texture of Fuji and it is compact it is tree-like how to be easy into colored good characteristic, so
Select it as grafting parent；Golden general offspring is easy to appear polyploid, and high yield characteristic is good；It is first red with strong fragrance, it is training
Educate the valuable source of fragrance kind；8 extra of the U.S. is seen, and fruit shape is graceful, and Hereditary efficiency is high；The crisp quality of honey is fine and smooth, and taste is sour-sweet,
It is the important parent of present American-European breeding；Qin Guan yielding ability is splendid, unequalled especially under the conditions of low level management；Red love fruit
Meat has anthocyanin, there is higher health value；Pink fruit shape index is high, and acid content is high, and keeping quality is strong；The red mamoncillo of dragon
Real wax is thick, and mass color is especially good, taste sweet tea；Especially these kinds suffer from preferable table in previous crossbreeding
It is existing, it is the cross combination from appearance, flavor, yielding ability comprehensive consideration most Breeding Potential.
In conclusion beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, primary grafting, it is ensured that harvest hybrid seed for many years, it is low in cost, greatly save human and material resources；
2, Long Fuwei brachyplast kind can give other Fruit Tree Pollinations, have the function of pollinizers after multi items grafting；
3, long-term multi items fruit tree mixes for a long time in orchard, help to obtain the offspring of more mutational varieties；
4,72 cross combinations are theoretically established, 0.07 hectare transplants 55, with 2000 kilograms of common production levelers, Nian Ke
60000, seed are obtained, breeding efficiency is greatly improved.
5, the present invention has the characteristic of cross-pollination using apple, and multi items flower close contact makes in pollinating process
Its spontaneous pollination does not need that the fruit with different parents can be formed by manpower, easy to operate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1,3-5 Sheng Longfu brachyplast tree body schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 ,=it is to show grafting high and changing head cutting back position；
Fig. 3, grafting high and changing head graft schematic diagram, wherein 1 is the first red branch of grafting, 2-9 is that can graft the golden handsome, U.S. at random
No. 8, the crisp, Qin Guan of honey, red love, Pink and red sweet eight kinds of dragon branch, pays attention to intermittent reservation not grafting twig, because
It is also a hybrid parent for maternal plant itself；
Fig. 4, tree crown restores and result schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
1, scion prepares
If it is desired to the scion grafting at spring, it should in the previous year winter pruning, in the annotinous branch cut, choose length
The branch that gesture is good, no disease and pests harm, rugosity are suitable retains, one section of the centre of these branches of clip, the scion as next year scion grafting
It uses.
Respectively by eight good apple varieties of clip (i.e. golden general, the U.S. 8, honey is crisp, Qin Guan, it is first it is red, red like, it is pink good
People and the red honey of Long) scion classification beam it is bundled, mark, be embedded in shady and cool micro- wet sandy soil, prevent moisture from evaporating, to keep
The vitality of scion, and the sprout time of branch can be postponed.Before being embedded to sandy soil, stone is coated at the both ends of every scion
Wax preferably prevents being evaporated for moisture.When being embedded to sandy soil, the record of embedment address must be carried out, is found convenient for the coming year.Second year
When spring is grafted, scion taking-up use in the sand will be buried, wrapped up after taking-up with wet cloth, prevent water loss.
2, grafting time
The spring scion grafting time is chosen in the flowing of early spring sap, is carried out when bud eye is sprouted or after sprouting.
3, engrafting method
The rich brachyplast apple tree of the healthy and strong dragon of 3-5 growth potential is chosen as maternal plant.
Using the engrafting method of scion grafting, the specific method is as follows: choose one section of scion branch in the skeleton branch of stock tree or
Scion grafting is carried out on person central authorities leader's limb.It is other to reserve better position grafting first to stock trimming and finishing before grafting
Kind.The young age branch grafting for cutting 2-3cm diameter under saw kerf is chosen, too thick branch healing is slow；Skeleton branch and side shoot whip graft
The methods of.
4, quantity is grafted
By eight kinds, uniformly in maternal plant surrounding, position is can be grafted there are about 40 or so in 3-5 breeder mother strain tree for grafting respectively,
20 or so grafting of active sites are selected, each kind is grafted 2-3 head, is not bordered by mutually between kind.It is complete to non-grafting twig after grafting
Portion's heavy pruning is allowed to grow together with grafting twig, manage with delicacy, and can restore within general 2 years tree crown, and can get bumper crops knot for 3 years completely
It is real.
5, managing after grafting
(1), it waters
Stock tree height will water after connecing and control twice, supply moisture, improve trees surviving rate.
(2), right times are chosen and unlocks binding
Scion grafting releases binding when young sprout grows to 30-40cm, and mending in time when buddering for finding not survive connects.
(3), young sprout ties up shield
It damages after the high new varieties branch wind connect, is bundled with the direction that small wooden extends young sprout growth in order to prevent
It is fixed.
(4), Tipping
When scion grafting young sprout grows to 40-50cm, the tender point of young sprout is extractd, 2 leaves or 3 leaf pinching are stayed when secondary young sprout is grown.
(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Pest and disease damage after grafting is relied mainly on prevention, and prevention and treatment combines.Early spring sap starts to flow, and bud eye is sprouted preceding to maternal plant backbone
Branch, trunk branch and full tree crown uniformly spray 3 °~5 ° lime sulphur solutions of a Baume, kill various germs and overwintering worm's ovum.?
1: 1.5: 200 times of Bordeaux mixture is sprayed every half a month when branch grows young leaves, is sprayed bromine cyanogen in time in young sprout blade prosperous growth
The generation of the prevention and treatment red spider such as pyrethroids and mite killing class microbial inoculum.
(6), foliage top dressing
When young sprout grows 3~5 leaves, alternating sprays 0.2% aqueous solution of 0.2% aqueous solution of urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
10~15d sprays 1 time, is dripped with blade for degree.Increase leaf nutrition, promotes young sprout growing way, healing acceleration.
6, the acquisition of fruit and seed
After autumn fruit maturation, according to different scion classification picking fruits, marks and store classifiedly.Pulp is eaten
Fall, retain seed, obtain hybrid seed, cleans darkness, be protected from light dry storage.
7, follow-up work
A variety of long-term co-existence are formed after grafting, are pollinated mutually, are generated more cross combination.The second years spring such as seed of preservation
Its lamination is sowed, and after result of emerging, high-quality promising major clique of getting bumper crops is determined and is entered again using conventional nursery technique program
The stage is selected, identify its male parent using molecular methods such as existing SSR or AFLP and is made a record, into the next step procedure of breeding.
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| CN106818226B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-05-05 | 山东省果树研究所 | Multi-variety top-grafting head-changing hybrid seed production method for persimmon trees |
| CN112640777A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-13 | 左志军 | Method for rapid breeding of fruit trees |
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| CN1969603A (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-30 | 韩庆忠 | Method for cultivating a bonsai by engrafting multiple kinds of roses with China rose |
| CN101204130A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2008-06-25 | 贵州宏晨山茶花资源开发研究所 | Rapid method for developing different camellia varieties in the same tree |
| CN101331838A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2008-12-31 | 中山市小榄镇人民政府 | Single-plant grafted multi-variety chrysanthemum and cultivation method thereof |
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| CN102884947A (en) * | 2012-09-22 | 2013-01-23 | 郭瑞才 | High branch grafting pollination method |
| CN104160880A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-11-26 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting multiple strains of apple varieties on potted apple tree |
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- 2016-07-21 CN CN201610584482.9A patent/CN106171558B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1969603A (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-30 | 韩庆忠 | Method for cultivating a bonsai by engrafting multiple kinds of roses with China rose |
| CN1926949A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2007-03-14 | 贵州宏晨山茶花资源开发研究所 | Method for grafting various camellias on a big tree |
| CN101331838A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2008-12-31 | 中山市小榄镇人民政府 | Single-plant grafted multi-variety chrysanthemum and cultivation method thereof |
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| CN102511352A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-27 | 桂阳金盾南方苹果有限公司 | Apple planting method capable of being suitable for south |
| CN102884947A (en) * | 2012-09-22 | 2013-01-23 | 郭瑞才 | High branch grafting pollination method |
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