CN106171558B - A kind of 8 × 9 apple multi items height obtain hybrid seed method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to one kind 8 × 9 apple multi items height obtain hybrid seed method；It is to choose the apple tree of 3-5 growth potential stalwartness as maternal plant, the rich brachyplast of maternal plant variety adoption dragon；Bull height connects Jin Shuai, the U.S. 8, sweet crisp, Qin Guan, first red, red love, Pink and red sweet eight kinds of dragon as female parent respectively simultaneously on apple maternal plant；As a result after, classified according to female parent and pick fruit, obtain multiway cross Apple Seeds；The sowing of second year spring lamination, observation is further sowed convenient for next year.The present invention has the characteristic of cross-pollination using apple, and multi items flower close contact makes its spontaneous pollination in pollinating process, do not need that the fruit with different parents can be formed by manpower, easy to operate；Primary grafting can be achieved, harvest hybrid seed for many years.

Description

A kind of 8 × 9 apple multi items height obtain hybrid seed method

Technical field

The present invention relates to one kind 8 × 9 apple multi items height obtain hybrid seed method more particularly to a kind of apple list Strain multi items height connects the filial generation method that breeding of growing directly from seeds is cultivated in natural hybridization, belongs to fruit breeding field.

Background technique

As China's apple cultivation area expands rapidly, the quality requirements of apple are significantly improved in the market, are either gone out In the angle of consumer or grower, apple variety innovation is particularly important.

The method of Apple breeding has much at present, and crossbreeding is although ancient still to occupy dominant position, such as current China The apple cultivars ' Fuji ' widely cultivated, ' loud, high-pitched sound ', ' Qin Guan ', ' Hua Guan ', ' Qiao Najin ', the main cultivation that America and Europe cultivates extensively Kind ' Bu Ruiben ', ' Pink ', ' close crisp ', ' Pacific Ocean rose ' etc. are obtained by artificial hybridization means, these The apple variety selected after hybridization, common manifestation go out unprecedented fine quality, are pursued by market, account for current cultivation face Long-pending 70% or more.Therefore at this stage, still there is great realistic meaning by hybridizing means breeding Variety of Apple.

The method but traditional artificial hybridization is grown directly from seeds obtains hybrid seed, is very trifling laborious task.It is artificial miscellaneous Friendship such as needs to expend a large amount of manpower and carries out artificial pollination, including adopt powder, emasculation, hybridization, bagging at various programs, time-consuming and take Power.Only hybridize a link, a skilled operator can about pollinate 300 for one day, advise according to current breeding Rule, each seed that should at least obtain on 1000 that combines could capture enough variations, with the calculating of percentage of fertile fruit 30%, Mei Geguo It is real to obtain 5 normal seeds calculating, need work two days.Since the florescence is limited, often a Growing season can be only done 2-3 group The crossing work of conjunction.Working environment is severe, and heavy workload, production cost is continuously increased, constrain extensive crossbreeding into Row, this is also resulted in, and China's breeding efficiency is not high, protrudes status of less types.Be badly in need of one kind save human and material resources, combine it is more Sample, variation hybridization technique abundant.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of that apple variety artificial hybridization is cumbersome in existing production, provides a kind of side Just operation, 8 × 9 apple multi items height that variation type is more, readily selected obtain hybrid seed method.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following scheme:

1) apple tree of 3-5 growth potential stalwartness is chosen as maternal plant, the rich brachyplast of maternal plant variety adoption dragon；

2) bull height meets Jin Shuai, the U.S. 8, honey crisp (Honey crisp), Qin Guan, head respectively simultaneously on apple maternal plant Red (Red chief), red love (red love), Pink (pink lady) and red sweet eight kinds of dragon are as maternal；Grafting When, by first red grafting in maternal plant top eminence, remaining eight kind, which is uniformly grafted, grafts 20- in maternal plant surrounding, every plant of maternal plant 30 sites, each kind are grafted 2-3 head, are not bordered by mutually between each kind；It is whole to the branch that do not graft after the completion of grafting Heavy pruning, the branch after being allowed to and grafting are grown together；Period routinely manages；It can restore tree crown within general 2 years, completely may be used within 3 years It is solid to get bumper crops；

3) after result, classified according to female parent and pick fruit, obtain multiway cross Apple Seeds；Second year spring lamination is broadcast Kind, observation is further sowed convenient for next year；

4) after the seed sprouting result sowed in step 3), using the conventional procedure of breeding that grows directly from seeds, discovery high yield is good excellent After system, take tender leaf or young sprout by its paternal origin of SSR or AFLP technical appraisement, with the major clique made further research.

In the present invention, selected Long Fuwei brachyplast apple bud mutation new varieties, are the characters of Shandong Agricultural University's breeding Excellent variety has tree crown compact, and updating ability is strong, is not easy early ageing, blade is loose and thick, and assimilative capacicy is strong, Cheng Huarong Easily, yielding ability and excellent stability, continuous bearing capacity is strong, and fruit uniformity is high, and colouring speeds are fast, and high quality fruit is more, thick flavor The advantages that thickness, taste quality is excellent, Comprehensive Traits are substantially better than the cigarette richness 6 cultivated at present and wait winter apples kind, before development Scape is wide.It can embody the traditional excellent texture of Fuji and it is compact it is tree-like how to be easy into colored good characteristic, so Select it as grafting parent；Golden general offspring is easy to appear polyploid, and high yield characteristic is good；It is first red with strong fragrance, it is training Educate the valuable source of fragrance kind；8 extra of the U.S. is seen, and fruit shape is graceful, and Hereditary efficiency is high；The crisp quality of honey is fine and smooth, and taste is sour-sweet, It is the important parent of present American-European breeding；Qin Guan yielding ability is splendid, unequalled especially under the conditions of low level management；Red love fruit Meat has anthocyanin, there is higher health value；Pink fruit shape index is high, and acid content is high, and keeping quality is strong；The red mamoncillo of dragon Real wax is thick, and mass color is especially good, taste sweet tea；Especially these kinds suffer from preferable table in previous crossbreeding It is existing, it is the cross combination from appearance, flavor, yielding ability comprehensive consideration most Breeding Potential.

In conclusion beneficial effects of the present invention:

1, primary grafting, it is ensured that harvest hybrid seed for many years, it is low in cost, greatly save human and material resources；

2, Long Fuwei brachyplast kind can give other Fruit Tree Pollinations, have the function of pollinizers after multi items grafting；

3, long-term multi items fruit tree mixes for a long time in orchard, help to obtain the offspring of more mutational varieties；

4,72 cross combinations are theoretically established, 0.07 hectare transplants 55, with 2000 kilograms of common production levelers, Nian Ke 60000, seed are obtained, breeding efficiency is greatly improved.

5, the present invention has the characteristic of cross-pollination using apple, and multi items flower close contact makes in pollinating process Its spontaneous pollination does not need that the fruit with different parents can be formed by manpower, easy to operate.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1,3-5 Sheng Longfu brachyplast tree body schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 ,=it is to show grafting high and changing head cutting back position；

Fig. 3, grafting high and changing head graft schematic diagram, wherein 1 is the first red branch of grafting, 2-9 is that can graft the golden handsome, U.S. at random No. 8, the crisp, Qin Guan of honey, red love, Pink and red sweet eight kinds of dragon branch, pays attention to intermittent reservation not grafting twig, because It is also a hybrid parent for maternal plant itself；

Fig. 4, tree crown restores and result schematic diagram.

Specific embodiment

1, scion prepares

If it is desired to the scion grafting at spring, it should in the previous year winter pruning, in the annotinous branch cut, choose length The branch that gesture is good, no disease and pests harm, rugosity are suitable retains, one section of the centre of these branches of clip, the scion as next year scion grafting It uses.

Respectively by eight good apple varieties of clip (i.e. golden general, the U.S. 8, honey is crisp, Qin Guan, it is first it is red, red like, it is pink good People and the red honey of Long) scion classification beam it is bundled, mark, be embedded in shady and cool micro- wet sandy soil, prevent moisture from evaporating, to keep The vitality of scion, and the sprout time of branch can be postponed.Before being embedded to sandy soil, stone is coated at the both ends of every scion Wax preferably prevents being evaporated for moisture.When being embedded to sandy soil, the record of embedment address must be carried out, is found convenient for the coming year.Second year When spring is grafted, scion taking-up use in the sand will be buried, wrapped up after taking-up with wet cloth, prevent water loss.

2, grafting time

The spring scion grafting time is chosen in the flowing of early spring sap, is carried out when bud eye is sprouted or after sprouting.

3, engrafting method

The rich brachyplast apple tree of the healthy and strong dragon of 3-5 growth potential is chosen as maternal plant.

Using the engrafting method of scion grafting, the specific method is as follows: choose one section of scion branch in the skeleton branch of stock tree or Scion grafting is carried out on person central authorities leader's limb.It is other to reserve better position grafting first to stock trimming and finishing before grafting Kind.The young age branch grafting for cutting 2-3cm diameter under saw kerf is chosen, too thick branch healing is slow；Skeleton branch and side shoot whip graft The methods of.

4, quantity is grafted

By eight kinds, uniformly in maternal plant surrounding, position is can be grafted there are about 40 or so in 3-5 breeder mother strain tree for grafting respectively, 20 or so grafting of active sites are selected, each kind is grafted 2-3 head, is not bordered by mutually between kind.It is complete to non-grafting twig after grafting Portion's heavy pruning is allowed to grow together with grafting twig, manage with delicacy, and can restore within general 2 years tree crown, and can get bumper crops knot for 3 years completely It is real.

5, managing after grafting

(1), it waters

Stock tree height will water after connecing and control twice, supply moisture, improve trees surviving rate.

(2), right times are chosen and unlocks binding

Scion grafting releases binding when young sprout grows to 30-40cm, and mending in time when buddering for finding not survive connects.

(3), young sprout ties up shield

It damages after the high new varieties branch wind connect, is bundled with the direction that small wooden extends young sprout growth in order to prevent It is fixed.

(4), Tipping

When scion grafting young sprout grows to 40-50cm, the tender point of young sprout is extractd, 2 leaves or 3 leaf pinching are stayed when secondary young sprout is grown.

(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Pest and disease damage after grafting is relied mainly on prevention, and prevention and treatment combines.Early spring sap starts to flow, and bud eye is sprouted preceding to maternal plant backbone Branch, trunk branch and full tree crown uniformly spray 3 °~5 ° lime sulphur solutions of a Baume, kill various germs and overwintering worm's ovum.? 1: 1.5: 200 times of Bordeaux mixture is sprayed every half a month when branch grows young leaves, is sprayed bromine cyanogen in time in young sprout blade prosperous growth The generation of the prevention and treatment red spider such as pyrethroids and mite killing class microbial inoculum.

(6), foliage top dressing

When young sprout grows 3~5 leaves, alternating sprays 0.2% aqueous solution of 0.2% aqueous solution of urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10~15d sprays 1 time, is dripped with blade for degree.Increase leaf nutrition, promotes young sprout growing way, healing acceleration.

6, the acquisition of fruit and seed

After autumn fruit maturation, according to different scion classification picking fruits, marks and store classifiedly.Pulp is eaten Fall, retain seed, obtain hybrid seed, cleans darkness, be protected from light dry storage.

7, follow-up work

A variety of long-term co-existence are formed after grafting, are pollinated mutually, are generated more cross combination.The second years spring such as seed of preservation Its lamination is sowed, and after result of emerging, high-quality promising major clique of getting bumper crops is determined and is entered again using conventional nursery technique program The stage is selected, identify its male parent using molecular methods such as existing SSR or AFLP and is made a record, into the next step procedure of breeding.

Claims (1)

1. 8 × 9 apple multi items height of one kind obtain hybrid seed method, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:

1) apple tree of 3-5 growth potential stalwartness is chosen as maternal plant, the rich brachyplast of maternal plant variety adoption dragon；

2) on apple maternal plant simultaneously respectively bull height connect Jin Shuai, the U.S. 8, the crisp, Qin Guan of honey, first red, red love, Pink and Red sweet eight kinds of dragon are as maternal；When grafting, by first red grafting in maternal plant top eminence, remaining seven kind is uniformly grafted Maternal plant surrounding, grafts 20-30 site on every plant of maternal plant, each kind grafting 2-3 head, is not bordered by mutually between each kind；It transfers Branch whole heavy pruning after the completion of connecing to not grafting, the branch after being allowed to and grafting are grown together；

3) after result, classified according to female parent and pick fruit, obtain multiway cross Apple Seeds；The sowing of second year spring lamination, Observation is further sowed convenient for next year；

4) after the seed sprouting result sowed in step 3), using the conventional procedure of breeding that grows directly from seeds, discovery get bumper crops good major clique with Afterwards, take tender leaf or young sprout by its paternal origin of SSR or AFLP technical appraisement, with the major clique made further research.