CN109769489B - High-position grafting method for multiple varieties of pumpkins - Google Patents
High-position grafting method for multiple varieties of pumpkins Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-variety high-position pumpkin grafting method, relates to the field of pumpkin grafting, and aims to solve the problem. The method comprises the following specific steps: step one, variety selection: selecting stock pumpkins and scion pumpkins; step two, preparation before sowing; step three, sowing; step four, grafting: topping when 12-15 pumpkin true leaves grow out, applying sufficient fertilizer and water, grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method when the 3 rd true leaf of the lateral branch is unfolded, spraying hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 270-320ppb for 4-5 times every day, and removing grafted plastic or grafting clips after survival; and step five, maintaining in the ornamental period. The method has reasonable design, can solve the problems of high failure rate, difficult fruiting, difficult wound healing and weak growth vigor of the multi-variety grafting of the pumpkins by using the hydrogen-rich water for the grafting of the ornamental pumpkins and assisting the steps of variety selection, sowing and the like, can obtain the pumpkins with great ornamental value, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pumpkin grafting, in particular to a multi-variety high-position pumpkin grafting method.
Background
With the development of urbanization and the abundance of people's material life, ornamental agriculture gradually becomes a bright spot and direction of the development of modern urban agriculture.
The ornamental agriculture is a cultivation mode which integrates agricultural resources, garden art and agricultural technology by utilizing modern agricultural facilities, modern biotechnology and natural ecological principle and has production function and ornamental value. The plants which are generally used as edible plants, medicinal plants and other economic plants are created and endowed with new functions, so that the plants have ornamental and aesthetic values, the combination of agriculture and garden art is realized, and the development of agriculture to landscape, ecological and urbanization is promoted.
Five ornamental pumpkins of six different varieties are simultaneously grafted on one pumpkin, so that multiple pumpkins bloom and bear fruits on the same plant, and grow together to construct a pumpkin fate community, which has high ornamental value and is popular with people, but the existing pumpkin grafting has the problems of high failure rate, difficulty in bearing fruits, difficulty in wound healing and weak growth vigor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-position grafting method for multiple varieties of pumpkins, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a multi-variety high-position pumpkin grafting method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, variety selection: selecting a pumpkin variety which is developed in line, vigorous in growth, good in resistance and easy to cultivate as a stock pumpkin, and selecting a pumpkin variety which is peculiar in color, shape, strong in growth vigor, good in affinity, easy to fruit and long in ornamental period as a scion pumpkin;
step two, preparation before sowing: soaking seeds in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 15-25 minutes, washing the seeds clean, then soaking the seeds in hydrogen-rich water for 4-6 hours, taking out the seeds for accelerating germination, exposing the seeds to white for later use, preparing seedling culture soil, applying a chlorothalonil aqueous solution, fully stirring the mixture and then filling the mixture into a plug tray;
step three, sowing: watering the seedling soil thoroughly, placing until the seedling soil is slightly dry, digging holes in the seedling soil, sowing 1 seed in each hole, covering with the seedling soil, watering, transplanting into a flowerpot containing planting soil and a carbendazim aqueous solution when 2-3 real leaves of the pumpkin grow out, planting, paying attention to that mud balls cannot be loosened during transplanting, reducing root damage to the greatest extent, watering root fixing water with the mass fraction of 275 plus one year and 330ppb after planting, preferably fully watering, applying fertilizers 6-8 days after planting, mainly applying fertilizers slightly and applying fertilizers once every 10 days;
step four, grafting: the method comprises the steps of topping 12-15 pumpkin true leaves, applying sufficient fertilizer and water to promote the pumpkin to germinate strong side branches, selecting strong branches to graft ornamental pumpkins with weak growth vigor or ornamental pumpkins with weak top end dominance to graft by adopting a cleft grafting method when the 3 rd true leaves of the side branches are unfolded, spraying hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 270 plus 320ppb for 4-5 times every day, opening an outdoor sunshade net for sunshade in a sunny day to avoid direct sunlight until the pumpkins completely survive, removing grafting plastic or grafting clamps after the pumpkins survive, trimming the side branches, removing old leaf yellow leaves, supplying nutrients to the grafting, building a shed frame, guiding vines in a directional mode, avoiding the overlapping of the pumpkins, carrying out artificial pollination in the flowering period or carrying out mutual pollination among different varieties, improving the fruit setting rate and increasing the ornamental value of fruits;
step five, maintaining in the ornamental period: and (3) entering an ornamental period 25-35 days after flower withering, applying a compound fertilizer for 1 time every 10-15 days according to growth vigor to ensure nutrient supply in the middle and later growth stages, pollinating in time when the last batch of melons are mature and the next batch of female flowers are open, spraying the leaf surfaces for 1 time by using hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 180ppb and 210ppb as appropriate, enhancing pest control, mainly treating bemisia tabaci, virus diseases and powdery mildew, cleaning the old yellow leaves in time, ensuring ventilation and light transmission, and maintaining for 60-120 days when the ornamental period is proper.
As a further scheme of the invention: the stock pumpkin comprises sweet pumpkin and Japanese pumpkin, and the scion pumpkin comprises at least five of mandarin duck pear, melon peel, pimple, ponkan, white egg, finger citron and dragon-phoenix gourd ladle.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the mass fraction of the potassium permanganate is 0.8-1.2 per mill, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen-rich water is 280-330 ppb.
As a further scheme of the invention: the seedling culture soil is obtained by mixing pond sludge, peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:4.5-5.3:1, or special seedling culture substrate soil for melons.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the using proportion of the seedling raising soil and the chlorothalonil water solution is that 500 g of chlorothalonil water solution with the mass fraction of 70-78% is applied to each cubic meter of seedling raising soil.
As a further scheme of the invention: the planting soil is special melon matrix soil or pond sludge, peat soil, coconut husk and perlite according to the volume ratio of 9.6-10.5:4.5-5.3: 4.8-5.2: 1 are mixed to obtain the product.
As a further scheme of the invention: the using proportion of the planting soil and the aqueous solution of the carbendazim in the third step is that 400 g of the aqueous solution of the carbendazim with the mass fraction of 50 percent is added into each cubic meter of the planting soil.
As a further scheme of the invention: during grafting, the grafting is carried out after the evening of sunny days, or the grafting is carried out in cloudy days and rainy days.
As a further scheme of the invention: the cleft grafting method includes cutting the tender stem of the branch end of the stock transversely with a blade, removing the upper part, cutting the middle part from the hole in the tender stem to the epidermis, longitudinally cutting the tender stem downwards for 1.0-1.5cm, taking the scion, spreading the scion from the cotyledon to the 1 st true leaf, spitting the core, cutting the scion into a wedge shape with a blade, inserting the scion into the cut of the stock, aligning the epidermis on one side, and wrapping with grafting film or fixing with a clamp.
As a further scheme of the invention: the cleft grafting is replaced by oblique grafting, when the oblique grafting is carried out, the position of the cut is positioned from the middle hole of the stem end to the middle of the epidermis, namely, the cut is deviated to one side, and the cut surfaces of the stocks are determined according to the size of the cut surface of the scion and have the same size.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has reasonable design, can solve the problems of high failure rate, difficult fruiting, difficult wound healing and weak growth vigor of the multi-variety grafting of the pumpkins by using the hydrogen-rich water for the grafting of the ornamental pumpkins and assisting the steps of variety selection, sowing and the like, can obtain the pumpkins with great ornamental value, and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A multi-variety high-position pumpkin grafting method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, variety selection: selecting sweet pumpkin which is developed, vigorous in growth, good in resistance and easy to cultivate as a stock, selecting pumpkin varieties which are different in color, unique in shape, strong in growth vigor, good in affinity, easy to set fruit and long in ornamental period as scions, wherein the scion pumpkins comprise mandarin duck pears, ponkan, white eggs, finger citrons and dragon-phoenix ladles;
step two, preparation before sowing: sowing the stock pumpkins in the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the bead triangle area, sowing ornamental pumpkins in the last 9 months, sowing two batches of pumpkins at intervals of 5-7 days, firstly soaking the seeds in 0.9 per thousand mass percent potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 18 minutes, washing the seeds clean, then soaking the seeds in 300ppb mass percent hydrogen-rich water for 4 hours, fishing out for accelerating germination, exposing the seeds to the white for later use, preparing seedling culture soil, applying chlorothalonil aqueous solution, wherein the seedling culture soil is special seedling culture substrate soil for melons, and fully stirring the seedling culture soil and the special seedling culture substrate soil for melons and then filling the seedling culture substrate soil into 50-hole trays;
step three, sowing: watering the seedling soil thoroughly, digging holes in the seedling soil when the seedling soil is placed until the seedling soil is slightly dry, sowing 1 seed in each hole, covering with the seedling soil, watering, transplanting the pumpkin into a flowerpot containing planting soil and a carbendazim aqueous solution when 2 real leaves of the pumpkin grow out, fully stirring, paying attention to the fact that mud balls cannot be loosened during transplanting, reducing damaged roots to the greatest extent, ensuring that the flowerpot is full of eight parts, planting the pumpkin in a middle pot, ensuring that the diameter of the pot is 33cm and the height of the pot is 267cm, selecting an individual with strong female parent and good scion growth after the scion survives, changing a large pot for planting, ensuring that the diameter of the large pot is not less than 65cm and the height of the large pot is not less than 42cm, planting, watering fixed-root water with the mass fraction of 280ppb after planting, ensuring that the full watering is good, applying a fertilizer 6 days after the planting, mainly applying the fertilizer lightly applying thin fertilizer, and applying the fertilizer once every 10 days;
step four, grafting: 13 pieces of pumpkin true leaves are topped and sufficient fertilizer and water are applied to promote the pumpkin to germinate strong lateral branches, when the 3 rd piece of true leaves of the lateral branches is unfolded, strong branches are grafted on ornamental pumpkins with weak growth vigor or ornamental pumpkins with weak growth vigor at the top end are grafted by adopting a cleft grafting method, 4 times of hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 290ppb is sprayed every day, an outdoor sunshade net must be opened to shade sun in a sunny day to avoid direct sunlight until the pumpkins completely survive, grafted plastics or grafting clamps are removed after the pumpkins survive, the lateral branches and old yellow leaves are trimmed, nutrients are supplied to grafting, a shed frame is built, tendrils are guided directionally, overlapping of the pumpkins is avoided, artificial pollination is carried out in the flowering period or mutual pollination among different varieties is carried out, the fruit setting rate can be improved, and the ornamental value of fruits can be increased;
step five, maintaining in the ornamental period: and (3) entering an ornamental period 25-35 days after flower withering, applying a compound fertilizer 1 time per 12 days according to growth vigor to ensure nutrient supply in the middle and later growth periods, pollinating in time when the last batch of melons are mature and the next batch of female flowers are open, spraying the leaf surfaces for 1 time according to the condition of hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 200 to strengthen pest control, mainly treating bemisia tabaci, virosis and powdery mildew, cleaning old yellow leaves in time, ensuring ventilation and light transmission, and maintaining the ornamental period to be 80 days properly.
Example 2
A multi-variety high-position pumpkin grafting method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, variety selection: selecting developed Japanese pumpkin with vigorous growth, good resistance and easy cultivation as stock pumpkin, selecting pumpkin varieties with different colors, unique shapes, strong growth vigor, good affinity, easy fruit setting and long ornamental period as scion pumpkin, wherein the scion pumpkin comprises mandarin duck pears, melon peels, pimples, ponkan, white eggs, fingered citron and dragon-phoenix ladybirds;
step two, preparation before sowing: soaking seeds for 20 minutes by using a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1 per thousand, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds for 5 hours by using hydrogen-rich water, taking out the seeds for accelerating germination, exposing the seeds to white for later use, preparing seedling culture soil, applying a chlorothalonil aqueous solution, mixing the seedling culture soil, the peat soil and the perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:5:1 to obtain the mixture, applying 500 g of the chlorothalonil aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 75 percent to each cubic meter of the seedling culture soil, fully stirring the mixture and then placing the mixture in a plug tray;
step three, sowing: watering the seedling soil thoroughly, digging holes in the seedling soil when the seedling soil is placed until the seedling soil is slightly dry, sowing 1 seed in each hole, covering with the seedling soil, watering, transplanting the seedling soil into a flowerpot containing planting soil and a carbendazim aqueous solution for field planting when 3 real leaves of pumpkins grow out, wherein the planting soil is special matrix soil for melons, the using ratio of the planting soil to the carbendazim aqueous solution is 400 g of 50% by mass of the carbendazim aqueous solution added to each cubic meter of the planting soil, the mud ball is not loosened during transplanting, the root injury is reduced as much as possible, the root fixing water with the mass fraction of 300ppb is watered after the field planting, the fertilizer is applied 7 days later, the thin fertilizer is mainly applied in light application, the nutrient absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reasonably balanced, the fertilizer can be soaked and dissolved by 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, then the water is added for application, and the fertilizer amount is properly increased and decreased by combining the growth condition, soil in the flowerpot is preferably moist and not excessively wet, water is consumed in autumn greatly, watering is carried out in time, male flowers growing at the base part are removed to ensure the vegetative growth, and fertilizer is applied every 10 days;
step four, grafting: the method comprises the steps of cutting a tender stem at the branch end of a stock transversely by a blade, removing the upper part of the tender stem, cutting a hole in the tender stem to the middle part of a surface skin, longitudinally cutting the tender stem downwards by 1.2cm, taking a scion, expanding the scion to a 1 st true leaf, spitting the core, cutting the scion into a wedge shape by the blade, inserting the scion into a cut of the stock, binding the surface skin at one side of the stock, fixing the scion by a grafting film or a clamp, spraying hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 300ppb 5 times every day, and opening an outdoor sunshade net for shading in sunny days, direct irradiation of sunlight is avoided until the fruit completely survives, grafted plastics or grafting clamps are removed after the fruit survives, lateral branches are trimmed, old leaves and yellow leaves are removed, nutrients are supplied to the grafted branches, a shed frame is built, tendrils are guided in an oriented mode, branch overlapping is avoided, artificial pollination or mutual pollination among different varieties is carried out in the flowering period, the fruit setting rate can be improved, and the ornamental value of the fruit can be increased;
step five, maintaining in the ornamental period: and (3) entering an ornamental period 28 days after flower withering, applying a compound fertilizer 1 time per 13 days according to growth vigor to ensure nutrient supply in the middle and later growth periods, pollinating in time when the last batch of melons are mature and the next batch of female flowers are open, spraying the leaf surfaces for 1 time by adopting hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 200 as appropriate, enhancing pest control, mainly treating bemisia tabaci, virosis and powdery mildew, cleaning old yellow leaves in time, ensuring ventilation and light transmission, and maintaining for 120 days when the ornamental period is proper.
Example 3
A multi-variety high-position pumpkin grafting method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, variety selection: selecting a pumpkin variety which is developed in line, vigorous in growth, good in resistance and easy to cultivate as a stock pumpkin, and selecting a pumpkin variety which is peculiar in color, shape, strong in growth vigor, good in affinity, easy to set fruit and long in ornamental period as a scion pumpkin, wherein the scion pumpkin comprises melon peels, pimples, ponkan, white eggs, fingered citrons and a dragon-phoenix gourd ladle;
step two, preparation before sowing: soaking seeds in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 22 minutes, washing the seeds clean, soaking the seeds in a hydrogen-rich water solution with the mass fraction of 310ppb for 4 hours, taking out the seeds for accelerating germination, exposing the seeds white for later use, preparing seedling soil, applying a chlorothalonil aqueous solution, mixing the seedling soil, peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:5.2:1, fully stirring the mixture, and filling the mixture into a 50-hole plug tray;
step three, sowing: watering the seedling soil thoroughly, placing until the seedling soil is slightly dry, digging holes in the seedling soil, sowing 1 seed in each hole, covering with the seedling soil, watering, transplanting into a flowerpot containing planting soil and a carbendazim aqueous solution when 3 pumpkin true leaves grow out, and planting, wherein during transplanting, attention is paid to that mud balls cannot be loosened, the root injury is reduced as much as possible, after planting, watering root fixing water with the mass fraction of 320ppb, fully watering is good, applying fertilizer 6 days after planting, applying fertilizer mainly in light application and thin application, and applying fertilizer once every 10 days;
step four, grafting: when 14 pumpkin leaves grow out, topping and applying sufficient fertilizer and water to promote the pumpkin to germinate strong side branches, when the 3 rd main leaf of the side branch is unfolded, selecting strong branches to graft ornamental pumpkins with weak growth or ornamental pumpkins with weak top end superior grafting growth to graft by adopting an oblique grafting method after evening in a sunny day, wherein the position of a cut during oblique grafting is from a middle hole of a stem end to the middle of an epidermis, namely to one side, the cut of a stock is determined according to the size of a scion cut and is consistent in size, hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 280ppb is sprayed for 4 times every day, blades are clean and sharp, the cut is neat and clean, an outdoor sunshade net must be opened to shade sun in sunny days to avoid direct sunlight until the pumpkin completely survives, grafted plastics or grafting clamps are removed after survival, the side branches are trimmed, old leaves are removed, nutrients are supplied to graft, a shed is built, tendrils are guided directionally, and the branches are prevented from overlapping, artificial pollination or mutual pollination among different varieties is carried out in the flowering period, so that the fruit setting rate can be improved, and the ornamental value of the fruits can be increased;
step five, maintaining in the ornamental period: and (3) entering an ornamental period 30 days after flower withering, applying a compound fertilizer 1 time every 14 days according to the growth vigor, ensuring the nutrient supply in the middle and later growth periods, when the last batch of melons are mature and the next batch of female flowers are open, pollinating in time, spraying the leaf surfaces 1 time by adopting hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 180ppb as appropriate, enhancing the pest control, mainly treating bemisia tabaci, virosis and powdery mildew, cleaning the old yellow leaves in time, ensuring ventilation and light transmission, and maintaining the ornamental period to be 105 days.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the hydrogen-rich water is water rich in hydrogen molecules, is functional water of living cells in animal and plant cells, and can increase the oxidation resistance of the animal and plant cells, prolong the cell life and increase the ATP function. Therefore, the hydrogen water has special effects of degrading pesticide residues, preventing and treating the invasion of plant diseases and insect pests and improving the yield, and has wide application prospect in agricultural production due to the safety of hydrogen and the economical efficiency and convenience of the use of the hydrogen water. Recently, farmland scale tests conducted by several agricultural research institutions in China show that the hydrogen-rich water has a very obvious application effect in agricultural production, particularly soilless culture of crops, and has a certain positive effect on the nutritive value of the crops.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-variety high-position pumpkin grafting method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, variety selection: selecting a pumpkin variety which is developed in line, vigorous in growth, good in resistance and easy to cultivate as a stock pumpkin, and selecting a pumpkin variety which is peculiar in color, shape, strong in growth vigor, good in affinity, easy to fruit and long in ornamental period as a scion pumpkin;
step two, preparation before sowing: soaking seeds for 15-25 minutes by using a potassium permanganate aqueous solution, washing the seeds clean, then soaking the seeds for 4-6 hours by using hydrogen-rich water, wherein the mass fraction of potassium permanganate is 0.8-1.2 per thousand, the mass fraction of the hydrogen-rich water is 280 plus 330ppb, fishing out for accelerating germination, exposing the seeds for later use, preparing seedling culture soil, applying a chlorothalonil aqueous solution, wherein the using ratio of the seedling culture soil to the chlorothalonil aqueous solution is that 500 g of the chlorothalonil aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 70-78% is applied to each cubic meter of seedling culture soil, and the seedling culture soil is obtained by mixing pond sludge, peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 2:4.5-5.3:1, or adopting special seedling culture substrate soil for melons, fully stirring and then placing the mixture in a plug tray;
step three, sowing: watering the seedling soil thoroughly, digging holes in the seedling soil when the seedling soil is placed until the seedling soil is slightly dry, sowing 1 seed in each hole and covering with the seedling soil, watering, transplanting the seedling soil and the aqueous solution of carbendazim into a flowerpot containing the seedling soil and the aqueous solution of carbendazim when 2-3 real leaves of pumpkins grow out, planting the pumpkins, adding 400 g of the aqueous solution of carbendazim with the mass fraction of 50% into each cubic meter of the seedling soil, watering the root fixing water with the mass fraction of 275 plus 330ppb after planting, applying fertilizers 6-8 days after planting, soaking and dissolving the ternary compound fertilizers of 15-15-15, watering the pumpkins after the soaking and dissolving, removing the male flowers growing at the base part, and applying the fertilizers once every 10 days;
step four, grafting: the method comprises the steps of cutting a tender stem at the branch end of a stock transversely by a blade, removing the upper part, cutting the hole in the tender stem to the middle part of the epidermis, longitudinally cutting downwards by 1.0-1.5cm, taking a scion and cutting into a wedge shape by the blade, inserting the scion into the cut of the stock, binding or fixing the scion at one side by a grafting film after the epidermis is aligned, spraying hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 270 ppb to 320ppb 4-5 times every day, opening an outdoor sunshade net to shade sun, completely surviving, and removing grafting plastic or grafting clamps after survival, pruning lateral branches, removing old yellow leaves, building a shed frame, guiding tendrils in a directional manner, and performing artificial pollination or mutual pollination among different varieties in the flowering period;
step five, maintaining in the ornamental period: and (3) entering an ornamental period 25-35 days after flower withering, applying a compound fertilizer for 1 time every 10-15 days according to growth vigor, when the last batch of melons are mature and the next batch of female flowers are open, timely pollinating, spraying hydrogen-rich water with the mass fraction of 180 plus 210ppb on leaf surfaces for 1 time, and timely cleaning old yellow leaves.
2. The method for high grafting of multiple varieties of pumpkins according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock pumpkins comprise sweet-faced pumpkins and japanese pumpkins, and the scion pumpkins comprise at least five of mandarin duck pears, melon peels, pimples, ponkan, white eggs, fingered citrons and dragon-phoenix bailers.
3. The high grafting method of the multiple varieties of pumpkins according to claim 1, wherein the planting soil is special substrate soil for pumpkins or pond sludge, peat soil, coconut coir and perlite according to a volume ratio of 9.6-10.5:4.5-5.3: 4.8-5.2: 1 are mixed to obtain the product.
4. The high grafting method for the multiple varieties of pumpkins according to claim 1, wherein grafting is performed in the evening of sunny days or in the cloudy days and in the rainy days.
5. The high grafting method of the multi-variety of pumpkins according to claim 1, wherein the cleft grafting is replaced by oblique grafting, the position of the cut during the oblique grafting is from the middle hole of the stem end to the middle of the epidermis, and the size of the stock section is consistent with that of the scion section.
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