CN113367043A - Sequoia tsugae cutting medium and seedling raising method thereof - Google Patents

Sequoia tsugae cutting medium and seedling raising method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113367043A
CN113367043A CN202110495995.3A CN202110495995A CN113367043A CN 113367043 A CN113367043 A CN 113367043A CN 202110495995 A CN202110495995 A CN 202110495995A CN 113367043 A CN113367043 A CN 113367043A
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cutting
waste
seedlings
cedar
cuttage
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罗忠生
周琴
罗坤水
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JI'AN INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY SCIENCE
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JI'AN INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY SCIENCE
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and discloses a taxus chinensis cutting medium and a seedling raising method thereof, wherein the taxus chinensis cutting medium comprises the following components: the preparation method comprises the following steps of mixing and fermenting the cedar waste, the pine waste and the loess according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (3-6) to 2, and then adding perlite, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: s1, collecting the cedar waste, the pine waste, the loess and the perlite; s2, mixing and composting the cedar waste, the pine waste and the loess according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (3-6) to 2, and rotting; s3, picking out the non-rotten sundries in the S2 to obtain humus soil of the fir trees and the pine trees; s4, uniformly mixing humus soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 8:2 to obtain a mountain cedar cuttage matrix; s5, filling the matrix in the S4 into a container bag for standby. The technical scheme of the invention aims to adopt different preparation methods for the cuttage matrix of the taxus chinensis so as to simplify the cultivation process of nursery stocks and reduce the production cost.

Description

Sequoia tsugae cutting medium and seedling raising method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a cuttage substrate for sequoia intermedia and a seedling raising method thereof.
Background
The Sequoia intermedia is excellent interspecific hybrid of 3 tree species of original Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoia fortunei and Sequoia mexicana. The tree trunk is straight and beautiful, and has the characteristics of long green period of leaves, salt and alkali resistance, water and moisture resistance, strong wind resistance, less plant diseases and insect pests, high growth speed and the like. The taxus chinensis is a semi-evergreen tall tree, peculiar knee roots often grow out when the roots meet a humid environment, and can grow in water for a long time, so that total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis phosphorus in the water can be effectively removed, heavy metal elements in soil can be effectively removed, and the effect of restoring the soil is achieved.
Because mature seeds of the sequoia intermedia do not germinate, asexual propagation is only adopted, at present, the cuttage propagation of the sequoia intermedia in China mostly adopts the mode that matrixes are made into ridges, and then cutting shoots are inserted into the matrixes, wherein the matrixes are mostly mixtures of peat soil, river sand and perlite, so that the preparation cost of the matrixes is higher, and when large seedlings are cultured by rooting, multiple transplants are needed, the seedling culture process is complicated, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cuttage substrate for sequoia intermedia and a seedling raising method thereof, and aims to adopt different preparation methods for the cuttage substrate for the sequoia intermedia so as to simplify the cultivation process of seedlings and reduce the production cost.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cuttage matrix for Taxus cuspidata comprises the following components: the method comprises the following steps of mixing and fermenting the cedar waste, the pine waste, loess and perlite according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (3-6) to 2, and then adding the perlite, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting the cedar waste, the pine waste, the loess and the perlite;
s2, mixing and composting the cedar waste, the pine waste and the loess according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (3-6) to 2, and rotting;
s3, picking out the non-rotten sundries in the S2 to obtain humus soil of the fir trees and the pine trees;
s4, uniformly mixing the humus soil in the S3 and the perlite in the S1 according to the volume ratio of 8:2 to obtain a mountain cedar cuttage matrix;
s5, filling the matrix in the S4 into a container bag for standby.
Optionally, the cedar waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of the cedar.
Optionally, the pine tree waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of the pine trees.
Optionally, the cedar cutting medium is rich in organic matter, humic acid and various nutrients.
Optionally, the container bag is made of a non-woven fabric material.
The invention also provides a method for raising seedlings of the taxus chinensis by cutting, which comprises the following steps of:
a. taking a half lignified branch of the China fir newly extracted in the current year;
b. b, cutting the branches in the step a into stems which are 8-12 cm in length and provided with axillary buds to be used as cutting slips, removing two thirds of leaves of the cutting slips, placing the cutting slips into a rooting agent aqueous solution, soaking for 50-70 s, and taking out for later use;
c. b, inserting the cutting slips processed in the step b into the container bag filled with the mountain cedar cutting medium;
d. c, watering the container bag in the step c so that the cutting slips are tightly contacted with the cedar cutting medium, and spraying a disinfectant into the container bag;
e. manufacturing an arched shed above the container bag to cover the container bag, and covering a layer of light-transmitting agricultural film on the cutting slips to keep photosynthesis of the cutting slips and humidity in the arched shed;
f. after the step e is finished, sterilizing and disinfecting the cutting slips once a week, and applying a foliar fertilizer;
g, after 45 to 55 days, the cutting shoots grow out of healed tissues and take root after 60 to 70 days;
h. after the rooted seedlings germinate and grow leaves, hardening the seedlings for 1 to 2 weeks to form seedlings, removing the agricultural film, and after 110 to 130 days, transplanting the seedlings to a field to cultivate large seedlings.
Optionally, the residual liquid medicine is washed by clean water before cutting of the cutting slips.
Optionally, said cutting slip in said step c is inserted into 1/2-2/3 of said container bag.
Optionally, in the step h, hardening seedlings after 2-3 leaves of the cutting slip grow.
Optionally, in the step h, the seedling is acclimatized in rainy days.
Optionally, the nutrient solution is sprayed every 6 to 8 days during the step g.
Optionally, the container bag is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 6cm and a height of 10cm, and the height of the arch is 50cm-60 cm.
According to the technical scheme, the cuttage substrate of the sequoia zhongshanensis is used as a cuttage seedling substrate of the sequoia zhongshanensis after forestry waste (branches, leaves, barks and the like of fir trees and pine trees) fermentation materials, loess and perlite are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, and the cuttage seedling substrate is made into a cuttage bed or is subpackaged into container bags. Most of the existing cuttage substrates of the sequoia intermedia are mixtures of peat soil, river sand and perlite, and the substrates are made into ridges, so that the materials are high in cost, complex to process and long in time. The materials used in the invention are mainly forestry waste and loess, so that the production cost is reduced, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, only the required materials are mixed in proportion when the matrix is prepared, and the operation is simple and rapid. Meanwhile, the invention utilizes the cuttage substrate of the sequoia intermedia to carry out cuttage cultivation on the cuttage of the sequoia intermedia, and the substrate is utilized to carry out cuttage seedling culture by adopting a container, so that the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cuttage scions are high, the seedlings are neat and strong, the root system is developed, and the cultivation effect is excellent.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cuttage matrix for sequoia intermedia, which comprises the following components: the method comprises the following steps of mixing and fermenting the cedar waste, the pine waste, loess and perlite according to the mass ratio of 2:3:2, and then adding the perlite, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting the cedar waste, the pine waste, the loess and the perlite;
s2, mixing and composting the cedar waste, the pine waste and the loess according to the mass ratio of 2:3:2 to rot;
s3, picking out the non-rotten sundries in the S2 to obtain humus soil of the fir trees and the pine trees;
s4, uniformly mixing the humus soil in the S3 and the perlite in the S1 according to the volume ratio of 8:2 to obtain a mountain cedar cuttage matrix;
s5, filling the matrix in the S4 into a container bag for standby.
Optionally, the cedar waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of the cedar.
Optionally, the pine tree waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of the pine trees.
Optionally, the cedar cutting medium is rich in organic matter, humic acid and various nutrients.
Optionally, the container bag is made of a non-woven fabric material.
The embodiment also provides a method for raising seedlings of sequoia intermedia by cutting, which comprises the following steps:
a. taking a half lignified branch of the China fir newly extracted in the current year;
b. b, cutting 8cm stems with axillary buds from the branches in the step a to serve as cutting slips, removing two thirds of leaves of the cutting slips, placing the cutting slips into a rooting agent aqueous solution, soaking for 50s, and taking out the cutting slips for later use;
c. b, inserting the cutting slips processed in the step b into the container bag filled with the mountain cedar cutting medium;
d. c, watering the container bag in the step c so that the cutting slips are tightly contacted with the cedar cutting medium, and spraying a disinfectant into the container bag;
e. manufacturing an arched shed above the container bag to cover the container bag, and covering a layer of light-transmitting agricultural film on the cutting slips to keep photosynthesis of the cutting slips and humidity in the arched shed;
f. after the step e is finished, sterilizing and disinfecting the cutting slips once a week, and applying a foliar fertilizer;
g, after 45 to 55 days, the cutting shoots grow out of healed tissues and take root after 60 to 70 days;
h. after the rooted seedlings germinate and grow leaves, hardening the seedlings for 1 to 2 weeks to form seedlings, removing the agricultural film, and after 110 days, transplanting the seedlings to a field to cultivate large seedlings.
Optionally, the residual liquid medicine is washed by clean water before cutting of the cutting slips.
Optionally, said cutting slip in said step c is inserted into 1/2-2/3 of said container bag.
Optionally, in the step h, hardening seedlings after 2-3 leaves of the cutting slip grow.
Optionally, in the step h, the seedling is acclimatized in rainy days.
Optionally, the nutrient solution is sprayed every 6 to 8 days during the step g.
Optionally, the container bag is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 6cm and a height of 10cm, and the height of the arch is 50cm-60 cm.
In this embodiment, the cutting medium of sequoia intermedia is prepared by uniformly mixing forestry waste (branches, leaves, barks, etc. of fir and pine) fermentation material, loess and perlite according to a certain proportion, and using as a cutting seedling medium of sequoia intermedia, and making into a cutting bed or subpackaging into container bags. Most of the existing cuttage substrates of the sequoia intermedia are mixtures of peat soil, river sand and perlite, and the substrates are made into ridges, so that the materials are high in cost, complex to process and long in time. The materials used in the invention are mainly forestry waste and loess, so that the production cost is reduced, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, only the required materials are mixed in proportion when the matrix is prepared, and the operation is simple and rapid. Meanwhile, the invention utilizes the cuttage substrate of the sequoia intermedia to carry out cuttage cultivation on the cuttage of the sequoia intermedia, and the substrate is utilized to carry out cuttage seedling culture by adopting a container, so that the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cuttage scions are high, the seedlings are neat and strong, the root system is developed, and the cultivation effect is excellent.
The cuttage substrate of the sequoia intermedia has the characteristics that:
forestry waste (branches, leaves, and barks of fir and pine trees, etc.): the forestry waste fermentation material mainly contains plant residues which are not thoroughly decomposed, humus and a part of mineral substances, and mainly provides a long-acting organic fertilizer for the seedlings of the taxus chinensis. The seedling culture medium has the advantages that forestry waste fermentation materials are used as medium materials to culture the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, the fertility is mild, the slow release effect is obvious, the fertilizer injury phenomenon cannot occur, the seedling culture medium is particularly suitable for the survival of the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, a basic long-acting organic fertilizer is provided for the seedling culture medium, and the development quality and the survival rate of the seedling can be greatly improved.
Perlite: the pumice-shaped perlite is mainly used for regulating soil hardening, controlling fertilizer efficiency and fertility and serving as a diluent and a carrier of an insecticide and a bactericide. The perlite is added, so that the hardening phenomenon of the matrix can be effectively prevented, and the fertilizer efficiency and the fertilizer degree can be controlled. In the seedling raising process, the branch needs to be disinfected and pest-removed before and after cuttage, which is one of the main factors influencing the survival rate of the seedling raising, and the perlite can be used as a carrier to absorb various insecticides and bactericides and partial fertility in time and dilute and control the insecticides and bactericides while preventing the matrix from hardening, so that the insecticidal and bactericidal time is greatly prolonged, and the seedling raising method is more suitable for survival and growth of the Chinese fir seedlings.
Loess: the main functions are to promote the root system development of the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, the branches and the trunks are strong, and the soil drainage performance is improved. The loess is used as the organic potash fertilizer, so that the root system of the seedling of the taxus chinensis can be ensured to develop rapidly, the branches and the trunks are thick and strong, the drainage performance of the matrix can be improved by the loess on the other hand, the temperature and the humidity of the soil block for distributing the nutrient soil can be controlled more conveniently, and the growing environment of the seedling is improved. In addition, the loess not only has low cost, but also can be used for realizing the absorption, dilution and slow control of various insecticides and bactericides by cooperating with the perlite, and prolonging the effects of the insecticides and the bactericides.
Seedling raising
Inserting strips: selecting annual semi-lignified robust branches of the sequoia intermedia, particularly robust branches with yellow base and length not less than 25 cm. In the branch selection process, the cut cuttings are taken to a shadow place in time to be spread, and water is frequently sprayed to preserve moisture. Generally, cuttings collected on the same day are cut off on the same day, the cuttings are remained, and the cuttings are placed in a greenhouse for moisture preservation at night.
Ear shearing: and (3) after the branches are dried in the shade, cutting the branches into cutting slips of 8cm by using disinfected scissors, then immersing the cutting slips into a rooting agent aqueous solution, and taking out the cutting slips for later use, wherein the base parts of the cutting slips are neat. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency of the growth characters of the seedlings in the future, the cutting shoots are graded in the cutting process, namely, the cutting shoots are graded according to different lignification degrees from different parts of the taxus chinensis. The rooting agent can be treated by dissolving naphthylacetic acid in alcohol and then dissolving naphthylacetic acid in water according to 1500 mg/L.
Cuttage: the cuttage of the taxus chinensis is carried out in the shade, in the morning or in the evening, so that the water loss of the cutting slips in the cuttage process is reduced as much as possible. When cutting, the middle part of the cutting is pinched by hand and inserted into the matrix, the cutting depth is 1/2-2/3 of the container bag, the matrix is properly compacted by two fingers after the cutting, and finally, water is sprinkled to thoroughly pour the matrix. In the early stage of cutting (within 30 days), the cutting slips just leave the parent body and still have larger transpiration strength, and the high temperature promotes the water loss of the leaves to be accelerated, and frequent intermittent spraying is carried out in the period to ensure that the leaf surfaces of the cutting slips always keep a layer of water film; spraying is properly reduced after the callus is formed (within 30-40 days), and spraying can be carried out when a water film on the leaf surface of the cutting is evaporated for half; after the cutting shoots commonly root (60-70 days later), spraying properly only around noon one day.
Cutting season: the cuttage time of the Sequoia intermedia selected in the implementation is more suitable for 5 months and 8 months, and the transplanting season is preferably from the middle and last ten days of 8 months to 9 months and 3 months of the first half year.
Because this embodiment adopts independent non-woven fabrics container bag to cultivate single branch china fir seedling, can not produce any harm to the root system of seedling at the transplanting in-process, current flat ground is cultivated and must produce the harm to its root system carrying out the transplanting in-process. The non-woven fabrics container bag will be by automatic degradation of soil about 3 months after transplanting, avoids producing the pollution to the environment, and the plastic container among the prior art is cultivated and can cause secondary damage to the root system simultaneously to cause environmental pollution and wasting of resources. In order to verify the feasibility of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the applicant selects a flat land to perform cuttage according to the existing seedling raising method in different time periods and the same place. Under the condition of the same cuttage time, comparing the survival rates of the sequoia intermedia bred in different time periods, finding that the cuttage time of the selected sequoia intermedia is more suitable in 8 months, the transplanting season is suitable in 9 months and the last half year is 3.4.5 months, the stem and leaf of the cuttage in the time periods are selected to be flourishing in growth, dark green in color, developed in root hair and strong in stress resistance, after the cuttage in the time periods is taken out of a nursery, the survival rate is fast, and the survival rate can reach more than 95%. See the following table for details:
season of cuttage Rooting agent The survival rate is high Remarks for note
Summer 5-6 months Indole butyric acid 85--90 Semi-lignified spring shoots
Autumn 8-9 months Indole butyric acid 88--92 Semi-lignified summer young sprout
TABLE 1 cuttage rooting rate in different seasons
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the cuttage in autumn from 8 to 9 months is higher than that in summer from 5 to 6 months, so that the cuttage in autumn from 8 to 9 months is more suitable.
Figure BDA0003054454420000081
TABLE 2 survival rate of transplantation
As can be seen from Table 2, the seedlings are transplanted in the early 9 th month and late 3 th month, the growth of the seedlings is good, the survival rate is above 95%, and the transplanting season is preferably 9 months and 3 months in the first half year.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cuttage matrix for sequoia intermedia, which comprises the following components: the method comprises the following steps of mixing and fermenting the cedar waste, the pine waste, loess and perlite according to the mass ratio of 5:6:2, and then adding the perlite, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting the cedar waste, the pine waste, the loess and the perlite;
s2, mixing and composting the cedar waste, the pine waste and the loess according to the mass ratio of 5:6:2 to rot;
s3, picking out the non-rotten sundries in the S2 to obtain humus soil of the fir trees and the pine trees;
s4, uniformly mixing the humus soil in the S3 and the perlite in the S1 according to the volume ratio of 8:2 to obtain a mountain cedar cuttage matrix;
s5, filling the matrix in the S4 into a container bag for standby.
Optionally, the cedar waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of the cedar.
Optionally, the pine tree waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of the pine trees.
Optionally, the cedar cutting medium is rich in organic matter, humic acid and various nutrients.
Optionally, the container bag is made of a non-woven fabric material.
The embodiment also provides a method for raising seedlings of sequoia intermedia by cutting, which comprises the following steps:
a. taking a half lignified branch of the China fir newly extracted in the current year;
b. b, cutting 12cm stems with axillary buds from the branches in the step a to serve as cutting slips, removing two thirds of leaves of the cutting slips, placing the cutting slips into a rooting agent aqueous solution, soaking for 70s, and taking out the cutting slips for later use;
c. b, inserting the cutting slips processed in the step b into the container bag filled with the mountain cedar cutting medium;
d. c, watering the container bag in the step c so that the cutting slips are tightly contacted with the cedar cutting medium, and spraying a disinfectant into the container bag;
e. manufacturing an arched shed above the container bag to cover the container bag, and covering a layer of light-transmitting agricultural film on the cutting slips to keep photosynthesis of the cutting slips and humidity in the arched shed;
f. after the step e is finished, sterilizing and disinfecting the cutting slips once a week, and applying a foliar fertilizer;
g, after 45 to 55 days, the cutting shoots grow out of healed tissues and take root after 60 to 70 days;
h. after the rooted seedlings germinate and grow leaves, hardening the seedlings for 1 to 2 weeks to form seedlings, removing the agricultural film, and after 110 days, transplanting the seedlings to a field to cultivate large seedlings.
Optionally, the residual liquid medicine is washed by clean water before cutting of the cutting slips.
Optionally, said cutting slip in said step c is inserted into 1/2-2/3 of said container bag.
Optionally, in the step h, hardening seedlings after 2-3 leaves of the cutting slip grow.
Optionally, in the step h, the seedling is acclimatized in rainy days.
Optionally, the nutrient solution is sprayed every 6 to 8 days during the step g.
Optionally, the container bag is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 6cm and a height of 10cm, and the height of the arch is 50cm-60 cm.
In this embodiment, the cutting medium of sequoia intermedia is prepared by uniformly mixing forestry waste (branches, leaves, barks, etc. of fir and pine) fermentation material, loess and perlite according to a certain proportion, and using as a cutting seedling medium of sequoia intermedia, and making into a cutting bed or subpackaging into container bags. Most of the existing cuttage substrates of the sequoia intermedia are mixtures of peat soil, river sand and perlite, and the substrates are made into ridges, so that the materials are high in cost, complex to process and long in time. The materials used in the invention are mainly forestry waste and loess, so that the production cost is reduced, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, only the required materials are mixed in proportion when the matrix is prepared, and the operation is simple and rapid. Meanwhile, the invention utilizes the cuttage substrate of the sequoia intermedia to carry out cuttage cultivation on the cuttage of the sequoia intermedia, and the substrate is utilized to carry out cuttage seedling culture by adopting a container, so that the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cuttage scions are high, the seedlings are neat and strong, the root system is developed, and the cultivation effect is excellent.
The cuttage substrate of the sequoia intermedia has the characteristics that:
forestry waste (branches, leaves, and barks of fir and pine trees, etc.): the forestry waste fermentation material mainly contains plant residues which are not thoroughly decomposed, humus and a part of mineral substances, and mainly provides a long-acting organic fertilizer for the seedlings of the taxus chinensis. The seedling culture medium has the advantages that forestry waste fermentation materials are used as medium materials to culture the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, the fertility is mild, the slow release effect is obvious, the fertilizer injury phenomenon cannot occur, the seedling culture medium is particularly suitable for the survival of the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, a basic long-acting organic fertilizer is provided for the seedling culture medium, and the development quality and the survival rate of the seedling can be greatly improved.
Perlite: the pumice-shaped perlite is mainly used for regulating soil hardening, controlling fertilizer efficiency and fertility and serving as a diluent and a carrier of an insecticide and a bactericide. The perlite is added, so that the hardening phenomenon of the matrix can be effectively prevented, and the fertilizer efficiency and the fertilizer degree can be controlled. In the seedling raising process, the branch needs to be disinfected and pest-removed before and after cuttage, which is one of the main factors influencing the survival rate of the seedling raising, and the perlite can be used as a carrier to absorb various insecticides and bactericides and partial fertility in time and dilute and control the insecticides and bactericides while preventing the matrix from hardening, so that the insecticidal and bactericidal time is greatly prolonged, and the seedling raising method is more suitable for survival and growth of the Chinese fir seedlings.
Loess: the main functions are to promote the root system development of the seedling of the sequoia zhongshanensis, the branches and the trunks are strong, and the soil drainage performance is improved. The loess is used as the organic potash fertilizer, so that the root system of the seedling of the taxus chinensis can be ensured to develop rapidly, the branches and the trunks are thick and strong, the drainage performance of the matrix can be improved by the loess on the other hand, the temperature and the humidity of the soil block for distributing the nutrient soil can be controlled more conveniently, and the growing environment of the seedling is improved. In addition, the loess not only has low cost, but also can be used for realizing the absorption, dilution and slow control of various insecticides and bactericides by cooperating with the perlite, and prolonging the effects of the insecticides and the bactericides.
Seedling raising
Inserting strips: selecting annual semi-lignified robust branches of the sequoia intermedia, particularly robust branches with yellow base and length not less than 30 cm. In the branch selection process, the cut cuttings are taken to a shadow place in time to be spread, and water is frequently sprayed to preserve moisture. Generally, cuttings collected on the same day are cut off on the same day, the cuttings are remained, and the cuttings are placed in a greenhouse for moisture preservation at night.
Ear shearing: after the branches are dried in the shade, cutting the branches into cutting sections of 12cm by using disinfected scissors, then immersing the cutting sections into a rooting agent aqueous solution, and taking out the cutting sections for later use, wherein the base parts are neat. In addition, in order to ensure the consistency of the growth characters of the seedlings in the future, the cutting shoots are graded in the cutting process, namely, the cutting shoots are graded according to different lignification degrees from different parts of the taxus chinensis. The rooting agent can be treated by dissolving naphthylacetic acid in alcohol and then dissolving naphthylacetic acid in water according to 1500 mg/L.
Cuttage: the cuttage of the taxus chinensis is carried out in the shade, in the morning or in the evening, so that the water loss of the cutting slips in the cuttage process is reduced as much as possible. When cutting, the middle part of the cutting is pinched by hand and inserted into the matrix, the cutting depth is 1/2-2/3 of the container bag, the matrix is properly compacted by two fingers after the cutting, and finally, water is sprinkled to thoroughly pour the matrix. In the early stage of cutting (within 30 days), the cutting slips just leave the parent body and still have larger transpiration strength, and the high temperature promotes the water loss of the leaves to be accelerated, and frequent intermittent spraying is carried out in the period to ensure that the leaf surfaces of the cutting slips always keep a layer of water film; spraying is properly reduced after the callus is formed (within 30-40 days), and spraying can be carried out when a water film on the leaf surface of the cutting is evaporated for half; after the cutting shoots commonly root (60-70 days later), spraying properly only around noon one day.
Cutting season: the cuttage time of the Sequoia intermedia selected in the implementation is more suitable for 5 months and 8 months, and the transplanting season is preferably from the middle and last ten days of 8 months to 9 months and 3 months of the first half year.
Because this embodiment adopts independent non-woven fabrics container bag to cultivate single branch china fir seedling, can not produce any harm to the root system of seedling at the transplanting in-process, current flat ground is cultivated and must produce the harm to its root system carrying out the transplanting in-process. The non-woven fabrics container bag will be by automatic degradation of soil about 3 months after transplanting, avoids producing the pollution to the environment, and the plastic container among the prior art is cultivated and can cause secondary damage to the root system simultaneously to cause environmental pollution and wasting of resources. In order to verify the feasibility of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the applicant selects a flat land to perform cuttage according to the existing seedling raising method in different time periods and the same place. Under the condition of the same cuttage time, comparing the survival rates of the sequoia intermedia bred in different time periods, finding that the cuttage time of the selected sequoia intermedia is more suitable in 8 months, the transplanting season is suitable in 9 months and the last half year is 3.4.5 months, the stem and leaf of the cuttage in the time periods are selected to be flourishing in growth, dark green in color, developed in root hair and strong in stress resistance, after the cuttage in the time periods is taken out of a nursery, the survival rate is fast, and the survival rate can reach more than 95%. See the following table for details:
season of cuttage Rooting agent The survival rate is high Remarks for note
Summer 5-6 months Indole butyric acid 85--90 Semi-lignified spring shoots
Autumn 8-9 months Indole butyric acid 88--92 Semi-lignified summer young sprout
TABLE 1 cuttage rooting rate in different seasons
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the cuttage in autumn from 8 to 9 months is higher than that in summer from 5 to 6 months, so that the cuttage in autumn from 8 to 9 months is more suitable.
Figure BDA0003054454420000131
TABLE 2 survival rate of transplantation
As can be seen from Table 2, the seedlings are transplanted in the early 9 th month and late 3 th month, the growth of the seedlings is good, the survival rate is above 95%, and the transplanting season is preferably 9 months and 3 months in the first half year.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims, and which the description is intended to be interpreted accordingly.

Claims (12)

1. The cuttage substrate of the sequoia intermedia is characterized by comprising the following components: the method comprises the following steps of mixing and fermenting the cedar waste, the pine waste, loess and perlite according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (3-6) to 2, and then adding the perlite, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting the cedar waste, the pine waste, the loess and the perlite;
s2, mixing and composting the cedar waste, the pine waste and the loess according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (3-6) to 2, and rotting;
s3, picking out the non-rotten sundries in the S2 to obtain humus soil of the fir trees and the pine trees;
s4, uniformly mixing the humus soil in the S3 and the perlite in the S1 according to the volume ratio of 8:2 to obtain a mountain cedar cuttage matrix;
s5, filling the matrix in the S4 into a container bag for standby.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fir tree waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of the fir tree.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said pine tree waste comprises branches, leaves and bark of said pine tree.
4. The method for preparing the cuttage matrix of the sequoia intermedia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cuttage matrix of the sequoia intermedia is rich in organic matters, humic acids and various nutrient substances.
5. The method for preparing the cuttage matrix of the taxus chinensis as the claim 1, wherein the container bag is made of non-woven fabric materials.
6. A method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting is characterized by comprising the substrate of any one of claims 1 to 5, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. taking a half lignified branch of the China fir newly extracted in the current year;
b. b, cutting the branches in the step a into stems which are 8-12 cm in length and provided with axillary buds to be used as cutting slips, removing two thirds of leaves of the cutting slips, placing the cutting slips into a rooting agent aqueous solution, soaking for 50-70 s, and taking out for later use;
c. b, inserting the cutting slips processed in the step b into the container bag filled with the mountain cedar cutting medium;
d. c, watering the container bag in the step c so that the cutting slips are tightly contacted with the cedar cutting medium, and spraying a disinfectant into the container bag;
e. manufacturing an arched shed above the container bag to cover the container bag, and covering a layer of light-transmitting agricultural film on the cutting slips to keep photosynthesis of the cutting slips and humidity in the arched shed;
f. after the step e is finished, sterilizing and disinfecting the cutting slips once a week, and applying a foliar fertilizer;
g, after 45 to 55 days, the cutting shoots grow out of healed tissues and take root after 60 to 70 days;
h. after the rooted seedlings germinate and grow leaves, hardening the seedlings for 1 to 2 weeks to form seedlings, removing the agricultural film, and after 110 to 130 days, transplanting the seedlings to a field to cultivate large seedlings.
7. The method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting according to claim 6, wherein the residual liquid medicine is washed by clean water before cutting of the cuttings.
8. The method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting according to claim 6, wherein the cutting slips are inserted into 1/2-2/3 parts of the container bag in the step c.
9. The method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting according to claim 6, wherein in the step h, hardening seedlings is carried out after 2-3 leaves of the cutting slips grow out.
10. The method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting according to claim 6, wherein seedling hardening is performed in rainy days in the step h.
11. The method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting according to claim 6, wherein a nutrient solution is sprayed every 6 to 8 days in the process of the step g.
12. The method for raising seedlings of taxus chinensis by cutting according to claim 6, wherein the container bag is of a cylindrical structure with the diameter of 6cm and the height of 10cm, and the height of the arch shed is 50cm-60 cm.
CN202110495995.3A 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Sequoia tsugae cutting medium and seedling raising method thereof Pending CN113367043A (en)

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