CN111052945A - Rapid cultivation method for apple dwarf interstock large-stem seedlings in alpine regions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid cultivation method of dwarf interstock large-stem seedlings of apples in alpine regions, which comprises the steps of selecting and purchasing rootstock seeds, pretreating the seeds, sowing in spring, cultivating the rootstock, transplanting seedlings and grafting dwarf interstock grafting buds on seedling rootstock seedlings in summer in the first year; in the second year, dwarf interstock seedling cultivation: transplanting in spring, cultivating dwarfed interstock seedlings, and bud picking of the base stocks and the interstock parts of the field-planted seedlings in summer; the annual multi-branch dwarf interstock apple seedlings are cultivated through promoting branches to be planted in a sparse way, finally the seedlings which are out of nursery are all provided with soil balls with the diameter of more than 2cm, fruits are grown in the second year after transplanting, and the yield is high in the third year. The cultivation method can efficiently cultivate dwarfing interstock apple thin-planting big seedlings at lower cultivation cost, has high garden building speed and obvious economic benefit, and is particularly suitable for the demand of an apple dwarfing stock intensive cultivation mode on the big seedlings.

Description

Rapid cultivation method for apple dwarf interstock large-stem seedlings in alpine regions

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree seedling culture, in particular to a rapid cultivation method of apple dwarfing interstock big-stem seedlings in alpine regions.

Background

China is the first apple producing country and consumer country in the world, the total cultivation area of apples is large, and the apple yield is high. However, compared with developed countries, the yield per unit area of apples is low in China, the overall quality of fruits is poor, and the orchard economic benefit is not high, and one important reason for the gap is that the apple cultivation system and the technical mode in China are lagged behind, and especially the quality of apple seedlings is far from the requirement of high-quality big seedlings. In the early development period of 80 years and 90 years in the last century, the close planting mode of the vigorous stock is mainly popularized in China, 90% of orchards in China are built according to the cultivation mode at present, and only 10% of orchards adopt dwarfing interstock to build the orchards, but due to poor seedling quality and low cultivation technical level, most of orchards still adopt close planting mode management of the vigorous stock. Although the cultivation mode makes a contribution to promoting the rapid development of the apple industry in China, most orchards are closed, poor in illumination, late in fruiting, low in yield and poor in fruit quality due to the fact that fruit growers do not know and execute the close planting cultivation technology of the arbor stocks in place and the defects of the mode. The dwarf stock close planting cultivation has the advantages of small crown (the crown is 50-80 percent of the normal crown), convenient management and operation, labor saving, ventilation and light transmission, excellent fruit quality, convenient standardization, mechanized production and the like, is generally adopted in advanced apple producing countries in the world, and also becomes the development trend of apple cultivation in China. Because the dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedling cultivation technology is difficult, and the dwarf self-rooted rootstock is difficult to root and not easy to propagate, the apple dwarf interstock cultivation is the main mode of apple dwarf rootstock cultivation in China at present, and plays an important role in production. The dwarfing interstock apple seedling is an apple seedling which is bred by grafting a stock with a certain dwarfing characteristic on a seedling stock and grafting an apple fine variety on a certain position of the dwarfing stock when the stock grows for a certain length (namely, the apple seedling is bred after grafting an apple variety on the dwarfing interstock seedling). The dwarfing interstock apple seedlings are grafted twice and divided into three sections, wherein the most basic part is an arbor (rootstock), the most top part is a cultivated variety, the middle part is a dwarfing rootstock section (interstock), the length is about 25cm, and the dwarfing interstock apple seedlings have stronger adaptability and soil fixing property compared with dwarfing self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings.

At present, a small amount of dwarf self-rooted stock apple seedlings are single-stem seedlings, have no branches and fruit late, although the dwarf self-rooted stock apple seedlings are annual dwarf self-rooted stock apple seedlings which are outplanted for 2 years. Although the dwarfing interstock apple seedlings with branches can be produced in some domestic areas, the nursery time of the seedlings is prolonged by adopting annual dwarfing interstock high-quality strong seedlings for cultivating for one year, namely, the dwarfing interstock apple seedlings can be outplanted in 4 years, and the cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention solves the problems of low cultivation rate, long cultivation time and high cultivation cost of the dwarfing interstock big stem seedlings of the apples in the alpine region in the prior art, and provides the rapid cultivation method of the dwarfing interstock big stem seedlings of the apples in the alpine region.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

1. a rapid cultivation method of apple dwarf interstock big-stem seedlings in alpine regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting seeds: selecting good full-grain Malus spectabilis seeds without diseases and insect pests every 11 months;

s2, cultivating an anvil: leveling the ground of a seedling raising greenhouse in 2-3 months per year, paving black plastic ground cloth, sowing the treated Malus spectabilis seeds in a hole tray filled with a matrix, wherein 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole, 400 seedlings are raised per square meter, after sowing is finished, the hole tray is placed on the ground cloth in the south-north direction, water is sprayed by micro spraying, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-25 ℃ in the daytime, the humidity is 75%, the temperature at night is 10-18 ℃, the humidity is 85%, after seedling emergence is tidy, 1 seedling is left in each hole, and after 2 months, the seedling height reaches 12-15cm for later use;

s3, transplanting seedlings: in months of 4-5, transplanting the seedlings with roots in the hole tray into plastic nutrition cups with the diameter of 18cm and the depth of 23cm, wherein 25 weak seedlings are eliminated in the transplanting process every square meter, uniformly placing the well-packed cup seedlings on a seedling bed with water and fertilizer integration and tide type irrigation conditions, reserving a passageway for later stage grafting operation, keeping the temperature in a greenhouse at 8-28 ℃, keeping the humidity at 60-85%, sterilizing once every 10-15 days by spraying, and normally managing for 3 months, wherein the height of the seedlings can reach 60cm, and the diameter is 0.5 cm;

s4, grafting the nursery stock:

(1) selection of dwarf interstock scions and variety scions: collecting SH series dwarfing interstock seed strips and seed strips of products to be grafted, which have no plant diseases and insect pests, high lignification degree, full bud tips and 0.5-1.2cm thick diameter, in a cutting orchard from the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the leaves are firstly picked, the seeds are picked, the seed strips are collected and cut short, and then the seed strips are put into a water holding bucket for standby and soaked in water for 2 hours;

(2) grafting: grafting SH-series dwarfing interstock scions to a place 5-10cm away from an octagon crabapple base stock seedling by adopting a semi-woody bud grafting method, completing the grafting of the dwarfing interstock, then grafting variety scions to a place 10-15cm away from the same base stock seedling, completing the grafting of variety seedlings, cutting off the top end of the base stock one week after the grafting is completed, promoting the rapid growth of the interstock and the variety scions, paying attention to ventilation and cooling in a shed when the period is a high-temperature high-humidity disease-prone period, periodically supplementing water and fertilizer, and spraying a bactericide and phytocycocel through a spraying system to ensure the rapid and healthy growth of the seedlings;

(3) jointing the shear anvil: jointing the interstock branch and the variety branch on the same anvil cell from 8 months to 9 months, and adopting the specific method: cutting off 4-5cm of cortex from top to bottom at the position of 25-30cm of the seed strip of the middle anvil to a depth of 2-3mm of xylem, cutting off 4-5cm of cortex from top to bottom at the same height of the seed seedling to a depth of 2-3mm of xylem, aligning the cut positions of the middle anvil and the variety branch, binding the cut positions by using a plastic strip from bottom to top, tightly wrapping, cutting off the upper end branch of the grafting port of the middle anvil and the lower end branch of the grafting port of the variety after one week, pinching the top end of the variety seedling, removing the plastic strip of the grafting port, normally applying fertilizer, watering, preventing and controlling diseases and pests and the like, controlling the height of the seedling within 1m and the diameter within 1-1.2cm, completing two-year work tasks in one year, and greatly shortening the cultivation time of the large-stem;

s5, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings in the greenhouse in two grades at the beginning of 4 months in the next year, removing the nutrition cups during transplanting, trimming part of main roots in a proper amount, carrying out field planting according to the row spacing of 0.6 x 1m, cutting 1100 plants per mu after field planting, fixing the height of a fixed rod to be 0.7-0.8m, and watering in time after the field planting;

s6, managing the fixed-planting seedlings: in the middle ten of 5 months, bud picking is carried out on the basal stock and the middle stock of the planted seedlings, in the middle ten of 6 months, branch thinning is carried out when the young tips of the seedlings grow to about 40cm, 2-3 competitive branches are cut off, other branches are strongly pulled and opened, the growth advantage of the central rod is ensured, normal production management is carried out all the year round, weeding, fertilization and irrigation are carried out, plant diseases and insect pests are prevented, the diameter of the seedlings before the end of the year is ensured to be more than 2cm, 5-8 branches are carried out when the length of the whole rod is more than 40cm, and the branch angle is 70 degrees;

s7, overwintering management of the field planted seedlings: beginning in 8 months, strictly controlling water and fertilizer in a nursery land, promoting lignification of nursery stocks, pinching in the last ten days of 8 months, removing the tops of the new tips of the main rod and the central rod, controlling the green leafhopper pests by using a medicament in 20 months in 9 months, entering a full-length period by artificial or medicament leaf dropping in the beginning of 10 months, irrigating frozen water in the last ten days of 11 months, spraying an antifreezing bactericide once for all the crown and the trunk in the beginning of 12 months, and spraying an antifreezing solution once again in the last 2 nd and 2 nd ten days of early spring in 2 years;

s8, emergence of seedlings: the nursery stocks are trimmed from 3 months later in the second year, the trimming method is adopted, the central pole and the lateral branches are trimmed completely, the trimming amount is one third of the branch length, the cut after trimming is all plugged by a gamma healing agent, the water loss is strictly prevented, the nursery stocks are all provided with soil balls of 30cm, the diameter is larger than 2cm, the seedlings are fruited in the second year after transplanting, and the yield is high in the third year.

Further, the matrix is prepared from grass peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1, the size of the plug tray is as follows: diameter of 5cm and depth of 7 cm.

Further, before step S2, the method further includes:

seed pretreatment: soaking the selected seeds in water, sterilizing, sand-storing for later use, pouring the seeds stacked in the sand-storing into water with the temperature of 25 ℃ for soaking for 24 hours 5-7 days before sowing, taking out, soaking the seeds for 1 hour by 1500 times of potassium permanganate, then cleaning with clear water, draining, mixing the sand, placing the seeds in a room or a greenhouse with the temperature of about 20 ℃, and sowing when 50-70% of the seeds germinate in a white state.

Compared with the prior art, the rapid cultivation method of the apple dwarfing interstock big-stem seedlings in the alpine region provided by the application has the advantages that in order to ensure reasonable seeding density, the influence of seeding conditions on experimental results is widely researched by an inventor, and the following seeding conditions are preferred: in the first year, sowing seeds with the density of 2-3 seeds per hole and 400 seedlings per square meter in a hole tray filled with a substrate, reserving 1 seedling per hole after seedlings emerge neatly, and reserving for later use when the height of the seedlings reaches 12-15 cm; then transplanting the seedlings with roots into plastic nutrition cups with the diameter of 18cm and the depth of 23cm, grafting the seedlings after the height of the seedlings reaches 60cm and the diameter is 0.5cm for 25 seedlings per square meter, basically completing the work in the first year when the height of the seedlings reaches within 1m and the diameter is 1-1.2cm, completing the work tasks in two years in this way, and greatly shortening the cultivation time of the big-stem seedlings;

in the invention, in the second year, transplanting the seedlings in the greenhouse in two grades, removing the nutrition cups when transplanting, trimming a proper amount of main roots, field planting according to the row spacing of 0.6 x 1m, cutting 1100 plants per mu after field planting, wherein the height of the fixed rod is 0.7-0.8m, and thus the survival rate of the seedlings can reach more than 98%; under the condition, the grafting survival rate is relatively ideal; then, after the steps of seedling emergence, field planting seedling management and field planting seedling overwintering management, the seedlings which are out of nursery are all provided with soil balls with the diameter of more than 2cm, fruits are grown in the second year after transplanting, and the yield is high in the third year. The cultivation method provided by the invention can be widely applied to cultivation of common apple varieties at present.

In summary, the following beneficial effects of the invention are:

the rapid cultivation method of the dwarf interstock large-stem apple seedlings in the alpine region can ensure that the seedlings have good drought and cold resistance, can adjust the vegetative growth of trees, effectively dwarf the plants and improve the flowering quality; the apple tree plant obtained by breeding has strong drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance, the mature period of the fruit is advanced, the shelf life is long, the fruit is red, the color is bright and uniform, the taste is crisp and sweet, the yield is high, and the economic benefit can be effectively improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the rapid cultivation method of apple dwarf interstock big stem seedlings in alpine regions of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.

Examples

As shown in figure 1, the rapid cultivation method of apple dwarfing interstock big stem seedlings in alpine regions comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting seeds: selecting good full-grain Malus spectabilis seeds without diseases and insect pests every 11 months; specifically, good full-grain and pest-free Malus baccata seeds are purchased from Huaiyuan county of Hebei province in 11 months every year.

S2, cultivating an anvil: leveling the ground of a seedling raising greenhouse in 2-3 months every year, paving black plastic ground cloth, sowing the treated Malus spectabilis seeds in a hole tray filled with a matrix, wherein 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole, 400 seedlings are raised in each square meter, placing the hole tray on the ground cloth in the south-north direction after sowing is finished, watering the hole tray thoroughly by micro spraying, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 18-25 ℃ in the daytime, the humidity at 75%, the temperature at night at 10-18 ℃ and the humidity at 85%, after seedlings are regularly raised, keeping 1 seedling in each hole, and keeping the seedling height at 12-15cm for later use after 2 months.

Preferably, before step S2, the method further includes: seed pretreatment: soaking the selected seeds in water, sterilizing, sand-storing for later use, pouring the seeds stacked in the sand-storing into water with the temperature of 25 ℃ for soaking for 24 hours 5-7 days before sowing, taking out, soaking the seeds for 1 hour by 1500 times of potassium permanganate, then cleaning with clear water, draining, mixing the sand, placing the seeds in a room or a greenhouse with the temperature of about 20 ℃, and sowing when 50-70% of the seeds germinate in a white state.

S3, transplanting seedlings: in the month of 4-5, transplanting the seedlings with roots in the hole tray into plastic nutrition cups with the diameter of 18cm and the depth of 23cm, wherein 25 weak seedlings are eliminated in the transplanting process every square meter, uniformly placing the well-packed cup seedlings on a seedling bed with water and fertilizer integration and tide type irrigation conditions, reserving a passageway for later stage grafting operation, keeping the temperature in a greenhouse at 8-28 ℃, keeping the humidity at 60-85%, sterilizing once every 10-15 days by spraying, and normally managing for 3 months, wherein the height of the seedlings can reach 60cm, and the diameter is 0.5 cm.

S4, grafting the nursery stock: (1) selection of dwarf interstock scions and variety scions: collecting SH series dwarfing interstock seed strips and seed strips of products to be grafted, which have no plant diseases and insect pests, high lignification degree, full bud tips and 0.5-1.2cm thick diameter, in a cutting orchard from the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the leaves are firstly picked, then the seeds are picked, the collected seeds are cut short and then put into a water bucket for standby, and the seeds are generally soaked in water for 2 hours; (2) grafting: grafting SH-series dwarfing interstock scions to a place 5-10cm away from an octagon crabapple base stock seedling by adopting a semi-woody bud grafting method, completing the grafting of the dwarfing interstock, then grafting variety scions to a place 10-15cm away from the same base stock seedling, completing the grafting of variety seedlings, cutting off the top end of the base stock one week after the grafting is completed, promoting the rapid growth of the interstock and the variety scions, paying attention to ventilation and cooling in a shed when the period is a high-temperature high-humidity disease-prone period, regularly supplementing water and fertilizer by using water and fertilizer integrated equipment, and spraying a bactericide and plant chlormequat through a spraying system to ensure the rapid and healthy growth of the seedlings; (3) jointing the shear anvil: jointing the interstock branch and the variety branch on the same anvil cell from 8 months to 9 months, and adopting the specific method: cutting off a 4-5cm long cortex from top to bottom and a 2-3mm deep xylem from the position 25-30cm high of the middle stock seed strip, cutting off a 4-5cm long cortex from top to bottom and a 2-3mm deep xylem from the same height of the seed seedling, aligning the cut positions of the middle stock and the variety branch, binding the cut positions with plastic strips from bottom to top, tightly wrapping, cutting off the upper end branch of the middle stock graft port and the lower end branch of the variety graft port after one week, pinching the top end of the variety seedling, removing the graft port plastic strips, normally applying fertilizer, watering, performing pest control and other conventional management, controlling the height of the seedling within 1m and the diameter within 1-1.2cm, completing a two-year work task in one year, and greatly shortening the cultivation time of the large-stem seedling.

S5, transplanting: and (3) transplanting the seedlings in the greenhouse in two grades at the beginning of 4 months in the next year, removing the nutrition cups during transplanting, trimming part of main roots in a proper amount, carrying out field planting according to the row spacing of 0.6 x 1m, carrying out cutting after field planting of 1100 plants per mu, wherein the height of a fixed rod is 0.7-0.8m, timely watering after the field planting is finished, and the survival rate of the seedlings can reach more than 98%.

S6, managing the fixed-planting seedlings: in the middle ten 5 months, bud picking is carried out on the base stock and the middle stock of the planted seedlings, in the middle ten 6 months, branch thinning is carried out when the young tips of the seedlings grow to about 40cm, 2-3 competitive branches are cut off, other branches are strongly pulled and opened by an angle, the growth advantage of the central rod is ensured, normal production management is carried out all the year round, weeding, fertilization and irrigation are carried out, plant diseases and insect pests are prevented, the diameter of the seedlings before the end of the year is ensured to be more than 2cm, 5-8 branches are carried out when the length of the whole rod is more than 40cm, and the branch angle is 70 degrees.

S7, overwintering management of the field planted seedlings: beginning in 8 months, strictly controlling water and fertilizer in a nursery garden, promoting lignification of nursery stocks, pinching in the last ten days of 8 months, removing the tops of the new tips of the main rod and the central rod, controlling the green leafhopper pests by using a drug in 20 months in 9 months, entering a full-term period by artificial or drug defoliation in the beginning of 10 months, irrigating frozen water in the last ten days of 11 months, spraying an antifreezing bactericide once for all the crown and the trunk in the beginning of 12 months, and spraying an antifreezing solution once again in the last 2 months of early spring in 2 years.

S8, emergence of seedlings: the nursery stock is trimmed from 3 months of the second year, the trimming method is adopted, the central pole and the lateral branches are trimmed completely, the trimming amount is one third of the branch length, the cut after trimming is all plugged by a gamma healing agent, the water loss is strictly prevented, the nursery stock is completely provided with soil balls of 30cm, the diameter is larger than 2cm, the nursery stock is fruited in the second year after transplanting and is high in yield in the third year, and the substrate is prepared from turf, vermiculite and perlite according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1, the size of the plug tray is as follows: diameter of 5cm and depth of 7 cm.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A rapid cultivation method of apple dwarf interstock big-stem seedlings in alpine regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting seeds: selecting good full-grain Malus spectabilis seeds without diseases and insect pests every 11 months;

s2, cultivating an anvil: leveling the ground of a seedling raising greenhouse in 2-3 months per year, paving black plastic ground cloth, sowing the treated Malus spectabilis seeds in a hole tray filled with a matrix, wherein 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole, 400 seedlings are raised per square meter, after sowing is finished, the hole tray is placed on the ground cloth in the south-north direction, water is sprayed by micro spraying, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-25 ℃ in the daytime, the humidity is 75%, the temperature at night is 10-18 ℃, the humidity is 85%, after seedling emergence is tidy, 1 seedling is left in each hole, and after 2 months, the seedling height reaches 12-15cm for later use;

s3, transplanting seedlings: in months of 4-5, transplanting the seedlings with roots in the hole tray into plastic nutrition cups with the diameter of 18cm and the depth of 23cm, wherein 25 weak seedlings are eliminated in the transplanting process every square meter, uniformly placing the well-packed cup seedlings on a seedling bed with water and fertilizer integration and tide type irrigation conditions, reserving a passageway for later stage grafting operation, keeping the temperature in a greenhouse at 8-28 ℃, keeping the humidity at 60-85%, sterilizing once every 10-15 days by spraying, and normally managing for 3 months, wherein the height of the seedlings can reach 60cm, and the diameter is 0.5 cm;

s4, grafting the nursery stock:

(1) selection of dwarf interstock scions and variety scions: collecting SH series dwarfing interstock seed strips and seed strips of products to be grafted, which have no plant diseases and insect pests, high lignification degree, full bud tips and 0.5-1.2cm thick diameter, in a cutting orchard from the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the leaves are firstly picked, the seeds are picked, the seed strips are collected and cut short, and then the seed strips are put into a water holding bucket for standby and soaked in water for 2 hours;

(2) grafting: grafting SH-series dwarfing interstock scions to a place 5-10cm away from an octagon crabapple base stock seedling by adopting a semi-woody bud grafting method, completing the grafting of the dwarfing interstock, then grafting variety scions to a place 10-15cm away from the same base stock seedling, completing the grafting of variety seedlings, cutting off the top end of the base stock one week after the grafting is completed, promoting the rapid growth of the interstock and the variety scions, paying attention to ventilation and cooling in a shed when the period is a high-temperature high-humidity disease-prone period, periodically supplementing water and fertilizer, and spraying a bactericide and phytocycocel through a spraying system to ensure the rapid and healthy growth of the seedlings;

(3) jointing the shear anvil: jointing the interstock branch and the variety branch on the same anvil cell from 8 months to 9 months, and adopting the specific method: cutting off 4-5cm of cortex from top to bottom at the position of 25-30cm of the seed strip of the middle anvil to a depth of 2-3mm of xylem, cutting off 4-5cm of cortex from top to bottom at the same height of the seed seedling to a depth of 2-3mm of xylem, aligning the cut positions of the middle anvil and the variety branch, binding the cut positions by using a plastic strip from bottom to top, tightly wrapping, cutting off the upper end branch of the grafting port of the middle anvil and the lower end branch of the grafting port of the variety after one week, pinching the top end of the variety seedling, removing the plastic strip of the grafting port, normally applying fertilizer, watering, preventing and controlling diseases and pests and the like, controlling the height of the seedling within 1m and the diameter within 1-1.2cm, completing two-year work tasks in one year, and greatly shortening the cultivation time of the large-stem;

s5, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings in the greenhouse in two grades at the beginning of 4 months in the next year, removing the nutrition cups during transplanting, trimming part of main roots in a proper amount, carrying out field planting according to the row spacing of 0.6 x 1m, cutting 1100 plants per mu after field planting, fixing the height of a fixed rod to be 0.7-0.8m, and watering in time after the field planting;

s6, managing the fixed-planting seedlings: in the middle ten of 5 months, bud picking is carried out on the basal stock and the middle stock of the planted seedlings, in the middle ten of 6 months, branch thinning is carried out when the young tips of the seedlings grow to about 40cm, 2-3 competitive branches are cut off, other branches are strongly pulled and opened, the growth advantage of the central rod is ensured, normal production management is carried out all the year round, weeding, fertilization and irrigation are carried out, plant diseases and insect pests are prevented, the diameter of the seedlings before the end of the year is ensured to be more than 2cm, 5-8 branches are carried out when the length of the whole rod is more than 40cm, and the branch angle is 70 degrees;

s7, overwintering management of the field planted seedlings: beginning in 8 months, strictly controlling water and fertilizer in a nursery land, promoting lignification of nursery stocks, pinching in the last ten days of 8 months, removing the tops of the new tips of the main rod and the central rod, controlling the green leafhopper pests by using a medicament in 20 months in 9 months, entering a full-length period by artificial or medicament leaf dropping in the beginning of 10 months, irrigating frozen water in the last ten days of 11 months, spraying an antifreezing bactericide once for all the crown and the trunk in the beginning of 12 months, and spraying an antifreezing solution once again in the last 2 nd and 2 nd ten days of early spring in 2 years;

s8, emergence of seedlings: the nursery stocks are trimmed from 3 months later in the second year, the trimming method is adopted, the central pole and the lateral branches are trimmed completely, the trimming amount is one third of the branch length, the cut after trimming is all plugged by a gamma healing agent, the water loss is strictly prevented, the nursery stocks are all provided with soil balls of 30cm, the diameter is larger than 2cm, the seedlings are fruited in the second year after transplanting, and the yield is high in the third year.

2. The method for rapidly cultivating the dwarf interstock big stem seedlings of the apples in the alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the matrix is prepared from turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a ratio of 2: 1: 1, the size of the plug tray is as follows: diameter of 5cm and depth of 7 cm.

3. The rapid cultivation method of dwarfing interstock seedling of apple in alpine regions according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising, before step S2:

seed pretreatment: soaking the selected seeds in water, sterilizing, sand-storing for later use, pouring the seeds stacked in the sand-storing into water with the temperature of 25 ℃ for soaking for 24 hours 5-7 days before sowing, taking out, soaking the seeds for 1 hour by 1500 times of potassium permanganate, then cleaning with clear water, draining, mixing the sand, placing the seeds in a room or a greenhouse with the temperature of about 20 ℃, and sowing when 50-70% of the seeds germinate in a white state.

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