CN115380753B - Seedling raising method for improving quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high-altitude areas - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for improving quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high-altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN115380753B CN115380753B CN202210965179.9A CN202210965179A CN115380753B CN 115380753 B CN115380753 B CN 115380753B CN 202210965179 A CN202210965179 A CN 202210965179A CN 115380753 B CN115380753 B CN 115380753B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for improving the quality of dwarf self-rooted apple seedlings in high altitude areas, which comprises the following steps: before winter, the nursery lands are arranged in advance, and the field planting rows are planned, so that the field planting rows are prevented from being frozen and hard in winter. 1 month, grafting the prepared dwarf self-root stock and scion in a room, planting the seedlings according to the designed field planting row at the beginning of 2 months, and performing arch shed treatment to ensure that the seedlings are not damaged by freezing, and breeding the seedlings at a lower altitude for about 45 days in advance. When the outside daytime air temperature reaches more than 15 degrees and the night air temperature reaches more than 5 degrees, the arch shed is removed, then the growth of seedlings is promoted by means of adding Shi Chong fertilizer and the like each month, the heights of the seedlings generally reach about 1.5 meters before and after the middle and late 9 months, and the apple standardized dwarf stock orchard establishment requirement in the high-altitude area is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for improving the quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high-altitude areas.
Background
In recent years, the apple industry in the southwest cold and high-altitude areas represented by Linzhi and Zhaotong develops rapidly, and most of the apple industries in the southwest high-altitude areas have weak atmosphere, low moisture and dust content, good transparency and strong ultraviolet rays due to high altitude, and the appearance of the apple fruits presents unique purple black, so that the apple fruits become typical characteristics of the apple industry in the southwest high-altitude areas. However, the seedlings required by developing apples in high-altitude areas are introduced in Shandong, henan, shaanxi and other places, and the large-scale apple seedling breeding nursery is lacking locally, so that the main problems are as follows: firstly, the altitude of the high altitude area is high, the average daily temperature in spring and autumn is low, the nursery stock is locally grafted, and the nursery stock development is slow; secondly, the seedling raising facilities and the matched technology are imperfect, the seedling grows thin and weak, the height is low, and the technical standard of big seedlings for constructing the garden in the short-stock orchard is difficult to reach.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising method for improving the quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high-altitude areas.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a seedling raising method for improving the quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high altitude areas comprises the following steps:
1) Planning and sorting nursery lands in advance: before winter, nursery land arrangement is carried out, about 2 tons of bio-organic fertilizer is spread on each mu of land, and deep turning and leveling are carried out; setting a planting row with a width of 1.2 m every 1 m, paving a plastic film in the planting row, covering a grass mat or a heat preservation quilt, and preventing the planting row from freezing and hardening in winter;
2) Indoor grafting of nursery stock: 1, in the middle ten days of month, grafting the prepared dwarf self-rooted stock and variety scions indoors by adopting a wood bud grafting mode, binding grafting parts by using binding bands, binding 20 grafting parts, burying the grafting parts in sand, and pre-refrigerating;
3) Early-stage seedling planting in arch shed: at the beginning of 2 months, lifting a grass mat or a heat preservation cover and a plastic film on a nursery land field planting row, carrying out rotary tillage by a rotary tillage plow, and carrying out field planting on the seedlings, wherein 2 rows of grafted seedlings are planted in each 1.2 m wide field planting row, and the interval between each row is 0.5 m; immediately watering thoroughly after planting the seedlings, and carrying out arch covering treatment, wherein the central height of the arch covering is 0.6 m, and when the outside air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, a layer of heat preservation quilt is additionally arranged on the arch covering;
4) And (3) taking off an arch shed: when the outside air temperature reaches more than 15 ℃ in daytime and more than 5 ℃ in nighttime, ventilating the arched shed for 5-7 days, removing the shed film, and carrying out seedling normalization open-air management;
5) And (3) soil fertilizer water management: 5 months-8 months, carrying out water flush fertilization treatment on the seedlings with watering every month to promote the growth of the branches of the seedlings until the height of the seedlings reaches 1.5 meters in the last 9 months; stopping topdressing and watering after 9 months, controlling the vigorous growth of the seedlings, and promoting nutrient backflow; if the leaves of the seedlings remain green in 10 months, spraying 2% -3% urea for 1-2 times in 10 middle ten days of the month, promoting the fallen leaves of the seedlings and nutrient accumulation, and improving the capability of the seedlings to resist low temperature in winter.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: by means of the measures of preparing seedling raising rows before winter, indoor grafting in winter, early planting promotion in a 2-month initial arch shed, soil fertilizer and water scientific management in seedling growing seasons and the like, compared with conventional open field cultivation, the method can delay the growth period of the seedlings by 45-60 days, effectively improve the growth period of the seedlings, dwarf the height of the seedlings from root stocks to be basically more than 1.5 m, basically achieve the specification of the seedlings in low-altitude plain areas, and achieve the nursery-out rate of high-quality seedlings to be more than 90%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail.
A seedling raising method for improving the quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high altitude areas comprises the following steps:
1) Planning and sorting nursery lands in advance: before winter, the nursery land is tidied, about 2 tons of bio-organic fertilizer is spread per mu land, and deep turning and leveling are carried out. Setting a planting row with a width of 1.2 m every 1 m, paving a plastic film in the planting row in advance, covering a grass mat (or a heat preservation quilt), and preventing the planting row from freezing and hardening in winter.
2) Grafting in a seedling room, namely grafting the prepared dwarf self-rooted stock and variety scion in the room in 1 month, grafting in a wood bud grafting mode, binding grafting parts by using a binding belt, and pre-refrigerating 20 grafting parts in a bundle, wherein the grafting parts are buried in sand.
3) Early-stage seedling planting in arch shed: at the beginning of 2 months, the grass mat (or heat preservation quilt) and the plastic film on the nursery field planting rows are lifted, the nursery field planting is carried out by rotary tillage with a rotary tillage plow, 2 rows of grafted nursery plants are planted in each 1.2 m wide field planting row, and the interval between each row is 0.5 m. After the field planting of the seedlings, the seedlings are immediately poured once for water penetration, and the arch shed is buckled, when the central height of the arch shed is about 0.6 m and the outside air temperature is lower than 5 degrees, a layer of heat preservation quilt can be additionally arranged on the arch shed.
4) Timely uncovering the arch shed for treatment: when the outside air temperature reaches more than 15 ℃ in daytime and 5 ℃ in nighttime, ventilating the arched shed for 5-7 days, removing the shed film, and carrying out seedling normalization open-air management.
5) Strengthening soil and fertilizer management: 5 months-8 months, carrying out water flush fertilization treatment on the seedlings with watering every month to promote the growth of the branches of the seedlings until the 9 months are up to about 1.5 meters in height; stopping topdressing and watering after 9 months, controlling the vigorous growth of the seedlings, and promoting nutrient backflow; if the 10 month seedling leaves still keep green, spraying 2% -3% urea for 1-2 times in the middle 10 month, promoting seedling defoliation and nutrient accumulation, and improving the capability of the seedling to resist low temperature in winter.
The method solves the key problems of weak growth, low height and weak quality of apple seedlings in high-altitude areas, ensures that the apple seedlings can normally develop through facility utilization and innovation of matched cultivation technology, basically reaches the standard of normal seedlings in plain places, and fully meets the requirement of building a garden in standardized short-stock apple orchards in local high-altitude areas.
The adopted technical key points are as follows:
before winter, the nursery lands are arranged in advance, and the field planting rows are planned, so that the field planting rows are prevented from being frozen and hard in winter.
1 month, grafting the prepared dwarf self-root stock and scion in a room, planting the seedlings according to the designed field planting row at the beginning of 2 months, and performing arch shed treatment to ensure that the seedlings are not damaged by freezing, and breeding the seedlings at a lower altitude for about 45 days in advance.
When the outside daytime air temperature reaches more than 15 degrees and the night air temperature reaches more than 5 degrees, the arch shed is removed, then the growth of seedlings is promoted by means of adding Shi Chong fertilizer and the like each month, the heights of the seedlings generally reach about 1.5 meters before and after the middle and late 9 months, and the apple standardized dwarf stock orchard establishment requirement in the high-altitude area is met.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any person who can learn the structural changes made under the teaching of the present invention can fall within the scope of the present invention if the present invention has the same or similar technical solutions.
The technology, shape, and construction parts of the present invention, which are not described in detail, are known in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A seedling raising method for improving the quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Planning and sorting nursery lands in advance: before winter, nursery land arrangement is carried out, about 2 tons of bio-organic fertilizer is spread on each mu of land, and deep turning and leveling are carried out; setting a planting row with a width of 1.2 m every 1 m, paving a plastic film in the planting row, covering a grass mat or a heat preservation quilt, and preventing the planting row from freezing and hardening in winter;
2) Indoor grafting of nursery stock: 1, in the middle ten days of month, grafting the prepared dwarf self-rooted stock and variety scions indoors by adopting a wood bud grafting mode, binding grafting parts by using binding bands, binding 20 grafting parts, burying the grafting parts in sand, and pre-refrigerating;
3) Early-stage seedling planting in arch shed: at the beginning of 2 months, lifting a grass mat or a heat preservation cover and a plastic film on a nursery land field planting row, carrying out rotary tillage by a rotary tillage plow, and carrying out field planting on the seedlings, wherein 2 rows of grafted seedlings are planted in each 1.2 m wide field planting row, and the interval between each row is 0.5 m; immediately watering thoroughly after planting the seedlings, and carrying out arch covering treatment, wherein the central height of the arch covering is 0.6 m, and when the outside air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, a layer of heat preservation quilt is additionally arranged on the arch covering;
4) And (3) taking off an arch shed: when the outside air temperature reaches more than 15 ℃ in daytime and more than 5 ℃ in nighttime, ventilating the arched shed for 5-7 days, removing the shed film, and carrying out seedling normalization open-air management;
5) And (3) soil fertilizer water management: 5 months-8 months, carrying out water flush fertilization treatment on the seedlings with watering every month to promote the growth of the branches of the seedlings until the height of the seedlings reaches 1.5 meters in the last 9 months; stopping topdressing and watering after 9 months, controlling the vigorous growth of the seedlings, and promoting nutrient backflow; if the leaves of the seedlings remain green in 10 months, spraying 2% -3% urea for 1-2 times in 10 middle ten days of the month, promoting the fallen leaves of the seedlings and nutrient accumulation, and improving the capability of the seedlings to resist low temperature in winter.
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