RU2410866C1 - Method to stimulate growth of planting stock of orchard crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agriculture, in particular - to fruit-growing. Method includes leaf treatment of planting stocks of apple trees in the period of vegetation with aqueous solution of complex microfertiliser "Komplekson" every 4 weeks with consumption norm of 10 g per 1 m².

EFFECT: method assists in intensive growth of apple tree planting stocks, earlier termination of growth processes, helping to better prepare plants for wintering.

1 dwg, 10 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for growing planting material of fruit crops, and is intended to stimulate the growth of stocks and seedlings of apple trees.

There is a method of increasing the cultivation of planting material of fruit and tree crops using a 30-45% bischofite solution by activating a magnetic field [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the need to use complex devices to create magnetic fields and limit the scope only for seed germination and seedling processing.

There is a method of propagation of clonal rootstocks of apple trees using indolylbutyric acid at a concentration of 50 mg / l with an exposure of 14 hours and planting green cuttings in the sand [2]. The disadvantage of this method is the limitation of the scope only for the propagation of stocks of apple trees.

The invention is aimed at solving the following problem - the development of a method of growing planting material of fruit crops to stimulate the growth of stocks and seedlings of apple trees.

The problem is solved in that the proposed method for growing planting material involves foliar treatment of rootstocks and apple seedlings with an aqueous solution of complex micronutrient complex "Complexon" containing complexes of chelated hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (OEDP).

The novelty of the proposed technical solution and the inventive step is that during the growing season every 4 weeks, root crops and apple seedlings were treated with complex micronutrient Complexon, 100 g of which contains: NH ₄ · C ₂ H ₇ O ₇ P ₂ ( N, 7.46 g); C ₂ H ₈ O ₇ P ₂ (P - 2.86 g); K · C ₂ H ₇ O ₇ P · 2H ₂ O (K - 1.32 g); Cu · 2C ₂ H ₇ O ₇ P ₂ · 4H ₂ O (Cu - 0.39 g); Mn · C ₂ H ₇ O ₇ P ₂ · 2H ₂ O (Mn - 0.97 g); Co · C ₄ H ₁₆ O ₁₆ P ₄ · C ₄ H ₁₄ N ₂ (Co - 0.12 g); Mo · C ₄ H ₁₁ O ₁₆ P ₄ · 3NH ₄ · 6.75H ₂ O (Mo - 0.97 g); Ni · C ₄ H ₁₆ O ₁₀ P ₄ · 2NH ₄ · 7H ₂ O (Ni - 0.12 g), 4C ₂ H ₈ O ₇ P ₂ · B ₂ O ₃ · 2H ₂ O (B - 0.23 g ) The consumption rate of Komplekson is 10 g per 1 m ² . Complex microfertilizer "Complexon" is an aqueous solution of a dark gray color, odorless; the composition includes components in the form of complex compounds HEDP.

The method was carried out as follows. Seedstocks of apple trees with a planting pattern of 80 × 15-20 cm were planted on previously prepared soil. A uniform planting material was used for planting. After planting, stocks were watered and mulched by rotted manure. Subsequently, throughout the entire growing season, every two weeks, weeding was carried out with loosening of the rows. Foliar treatment using a manual sprayer of stocks and apple seedlings with complex micronutrient Komplekson with a consumption rate of 10 g per 1 m ² , control plants were treated with clean water. The repetition of the experiments is 4-fold, in each repetition of 10 plants. Along the perimeter of the field experimental plot, protective strips were laid from the rootstocks of an apple tree 0.8 m wide.

In the first ten days of August, the apple tree stocks were budded. After budding, the soil in the rows and rows was loosened. The accustomed budding was determined by the fresh appearance of the scutes and kidneys and the light fall of the leaf petiole. Inter-row cultivation of the soil was carried out by loosening, as well as weeding, removal of wild shoots on plants.

At the end of the growing season, the rootstock neck diameter and the total growth of all shoots on the same plant were measured in rootstocks.

At the end of April of the following year, bandages were removed from last year's buds. To ensure timely germination of the grafted eyes, the aerial part of the rootstocks was cut with a garden knife. The section was made so that it passed 2-3 mm above the grafted kidney.

During the growing season, we measured the growth from the grafted bud, as well as the leaf surface area for each variant. During the entire growing season, the length and width of the leaves were taken into account. In mid-summer, 20 leaves from the entire plot were selectively selected to determine the area of the leaf surface.

Studies were carried out on a site with a smooth soil topography. The soil cover was represented by gray forest soils, medium loamy in terms of particle size distribution, average content of humus and mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium during the slightly acid reaction of the soil solution (Table 1).

Table 1 Agrochemical indicators of the experimental plot The soil gray forest Grading medium loamy Humus content,% 3.24 Acidity, pH of salt extract 5.5-5.7 Contents (According to Kirsanov): 14.5 - mobile phosphorus, mg / 100 g of soil - exchange potassium, mg / 100 g of soil 13.5

The territory on which the plot is located is located in a zone with a temperate climate, i.e. not very cold winters and warm summers. The highest average monthly temperature is July (+ 18 ° С), the lowest - January (-12.5 ° С). Long-term average annual temperature is + 3 ° С, the sum of positive temperatures above 10 ° С - 2100 ° С. The frost-free period in the air is 118-158 days, and on the soil surface - 96-140 days. According to long-term data, the average annual rainfall is 472 mm, with fluctuations in individual years from 267 to 616 mm. Weather conditions during the years of research were not always favorable for the growth and development of plants. During the study period, the sum of positive temperatures amounted to 2450-2550 ° C, the sum of active temperatures (above 10 ° C) - 2100-2200 ° C. The temperature regime was mainly in the optimum range for the apple tree (Table 2).

Relative humidity ranged from 62-72%. In winter, there were no low negative temperatures that could cause damage to stocks and seedlings.

In terms of rainfall during the growing season, the most favorable was 2006 (see drawing).

In 2006, the average annual rainfall fell, which favorably affected the growth and development of agricultural plants. During certain periods of time in both years, from the second decade of May to the second decade of June, arid hot weather was observed, which caused the growth of seedlings to stop, and later, after precipitation, the second wave of plant growth began. The average rainfall during the growing season was 265 mm, and the average annual rainfall was 2006-2007. 460-470 mm. In 2007, in winter, precipitation fell below the climatic norm, which did not contribute to the creation of snow cover, optimal for the accumulation of soil moisture.

A study of the growth dynamics of shoots from the apical bud in 2006 indicates that the growth of shoots until the end of June was rather slow (Table 3). This can be explained by the cool weather in May and in the first half of June.

The growth of plants treated with Complexon exceeded control plants throughout the growing season.

Table 3 Growth dynamics of rootstock shoots from the apical kidney, 2006 Date of measurement Growth length, cm Complexon The control May 31 4.10 3.16 June 15th 9.25 6.15 June 28 10.10 6.95 July 16 15.15 11.95 8 September 30.45 22.3

An analysis of the growth dynamics of rootstock shoots from the apical bud in 2007 showed that the growth of plants during the growing season was approximately the same in all variants: moderate until mid-July and more intensively at the end of the growing season (Table 4).

Table 4 Growth dynamics of rootstock shoots from the apical kidney, 2007 Date of measurement Growth length, cm Complexon The control June 14th 6.0 3.6 5'th of July 21.3 15.7 July 23 37.7 32,5 5th of August 70,4 70.1

The determination of the total length of growth of one plant in 2006 showed that the plants treated with Complexon best grew (Table 5).

Table 5 The impact of integrated microfertilizer on the development of apple stocks in the Educational, Scientific and Production Center (UNPTs) "Student Town", 2006 Preparations The total length of growth per plant, cm The average length of one growth, cm The number of growths per plant Complexon 53.7 18.1 3,7 The control 37.0 10,4 4,5

Plants treated with complex micronutrient fertilizers significantly exceeded control plants along the average length of one growth. The best developed stocks of apple trees, treated during the growing season with the drug "Complexon".

The study of the influence of the growth stimulant on the growth of apple stocks in 2007 showed that the total growth length per plant and the average length of one growth significantly exceed the corresponding indices of 2006, which, apparently, is associated with more favorable conditions for growth in 2007 . (table 6).

Table 6 The impact of integrated micronutrient fertilizers on the development of apple stocks in the Resource Center Studgorodok, 2007 Preparations The total length of growth per plant, cm The average length of one growth, cm The number of growths per plant Complexon 107.3 29.8 3.6 The control 103.0 21.0 4.9

A study of the aftereffect of the preparations on the assimilation surface of the leaves showed that the plants treated with Complexon had the largest leaf surface area in mid-June, and the control plants had the smallest (Table 7).

Table 7 Dynamics of increasing leaf surface of apple seedlings, 2007 Date of measurement Leaf surface area, sq. cm Complexon The control June 14th 388.96 222.76 5'th of July 866.83 799.34 July 23 1399.08 1320.00

Thus, apple seedlings treated with the drug in the previous year were characterized by more intensive shoot growth and leaf surface development at the beginning of the growing season. In addition, there is an earlier cessation of growth processes, which contributes to better preparation of plants for overwintering.

When studying the effect of "Complexon" on the thickening of the oculant stem during the years of research, the best thickening of the stem in 2006 was compared with 2007 (Table 8).

Table 8 The effect of the drug on the thickening of the oculant strain, 2006-2007 A drug Diameter of the stem, cm 2006 year 2007 year Complexon 1.26 0.89 The control 1,03 0.87

The largest diameter of the stem at the end of the growing season of 2006 was observed in plants treated with the drug. In 2007, the plants treated with the drug only slightly differed from the control plants.

Studies conducted to identify the effect of complex micronutrient fertilizers on the thickening of the seedling stem showed that the diameter of the stem in plants treated in the previous year with the drug significantly exceeded this indicator in control plants (Table 9).

Table 9 The diameter of the stem and the height of apple seedlings, 2007 A drug Diameter of the stem, cm Height of seedlings, cm Complexon 1.74 144.7 The control 1.55 153.1

The study of the aftereffect of complex micronutrient fertilizers on the height of seedlings showed that the control plants had the highest height. The plants treated with the preparation were inferior in height to the control. Thus, “Komplekson” stimulates a better thickening of the stems of seedlings and an earlier termination of growth processes, which contributes to obtaining better seedlings, since delaying growth processes leads to freezing of the tops of seedlings in winter.

The determination of the height, diameter of the stem, and the number of main roots made it possible to determine the yield of standard seedlings (Table 10).

Table 10 Yield of standard apple seedlings, 2007 Options Seedlings yield Deviations from the standard PC. from the plot thousand units / ha thousand units / ha % Complexon 8 50,0 12.5 33.3 The control 6 37.5 - -

Thus, as a result of the proposed technical solution, there is a better development of both the stocks themselves in the year of processing, and seedlings for the next year.

Used sources

1. RU No. 2310307, C1, cl. A01C 1/00, 02.16.2006.

2. RU No. 98103695, C2, cl. A01G 1/06, A01G 17/00, 12.20.1999.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the growth of planting material of fruit crops, including foliar treatment during the growing season every 4 weeks of rootstock and apple seedlings with an aqueous solution of complex micronutrient complexon with a consumption rate of 10 g per 1 m ² .

Images