CN102283063B - Method for facilitating early fruiting of young pear tree - Google Patents
Method for facilitating early fruiting of young pear tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for facilitating early fruiting of a young pear tree. The method comprises the following steps of: A, cultivating strong pear seedlings, namely selecting stock, laminating seeds, preparing lands, seeding, managing stock seedlings, grafting the stock seedlings and the like; B, planting the pear seedlings, namely selecting the pear seedlings, performing high-ridge plantation, managing soil, fertilizers and water of the pear seedlings, preventing and controlling insects and diseases and managing branches and tips; and C, flowering the young pear tree, namely bending the branches, carving, removing the tips, pinching and the like. By the method, the early fruiting of a newly-planted young pear tree can be facilitated, and the fruiting period can be 2 years earlier. The strong pear seedlings are cultivated and planted; and due to improvement on fertilization, irrigation and pruning technologies, the vegetative growth of the pear tree is controlled, the reproductive growth is facilitated, and the aim of fruiting the young pear tree early is fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit tree research field, more specifically relate to and a kind ofly promote the pears treelet to do sth. in advance the method for result, through the method process can effectively solve pears scientific research, breeding and produce in the problem of pears treelet result evening, Tong Qichang.The method is applicable to be engaged in R﹠D institution, company and the individual of pears scientific research, breeding and production.
Background technology
Pear in the rose family (Rosaceae) Maloideae (Maloideae) pear (Pyrus) plant, for tall this deciduous fruit tree, is that China three one of cultivates apple trees greatly, also occupies very important status in the world.According to Chinese yearbook statistics, China's pears cultivated area was 1074.3 thousand hectares in 2009, and 142.6 ten thousand tons of output occupy first place in the world.It is the mainstay industry that China's increasing peasant income are got rich that the operatic circle produces always, is also one of China's export main farm produce of earning foreign exchange.
Yet along with the raising of people's living standard, the domestic and international market is also more and more higher to the requirement of the operatic circle, and China's pears industry is faced with the severe challenge of breed structure readjustment and the update of old kind.China nearly 60% is old theatre, and cultivar mainly concentrates on tens kinds such as Dangshan pear (24%), pear (12%), Nan Guoli (6%), chrysanthemum (6%), Kuerle delicious pear (5%), Chinese pear (4%), Jinhua Pear (4%), structural adjustment and update task are very arduous, and its major measure has height to connect to change excellent and the method such as the new varieties of again planting.Although height connects and changes excellent technology to recover output fast, exists the aging large tree of problem in the majority, the particularly age of tree difficult especially, therefore adopt highly to connect that to change the paces that excellent promoting technology kind upgrades always very slow.Dig up original large tree, or the pears new product treelet of again planting in the newly developed area is that pears breed structure readjustment and the update of old kind are the most effective, method the most thoroughly.Yet pears are perennial plants, the cycle that new cultivation treelet enters result is longer, general pears seedling field planting needs 3～4 years ability results, and (the pears seedling refers to the simple bud of grafting pear improved seeds on the pears rootstock seedling, pass through again the clay fertilizer water management of a year after grafting, simple bud is taken out tip development growth and becomes the above seedling of 80cm, is called seedling.The cultivation of one strain pears seedling needs the time of 2 years), the field planting of pears bud seedling needs 4～5 years ability results, and (pears bud seedling refers to the simple bud of grafting pear improved seeds on the pears rootstock seedling.The cultivation of one strain pears bud seedling only needs year), how to promote the pears treelet to do sth. in advance result, shorten the pears treelet and enter the time of result, increase as early as possible the income of pears agriculture, be the key subjects that pendulum must solve in face of the scientific research personnel.
For many years, the applicant has carried out a large amount of scientific researches and test round this problem always, sums up the method that a cover promotion pears treelet does sth. in advance result of inventing out.This method is to cultivate and the healthy and strong bud seedling of the pears of planting, and by improving clay fertilizer water management technology, becoming the flower technology, promotes the pears treelet to do sth. in advance result.Adopt this method to promote that the pears treelet does sth. in advance the effect of result remarkable, solved pears new not result of treelet result evening and of the right age fruit tree, problem that the output rising is slow of planting in producing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of and promote the pears treelet to do sth. in advance the method for result, use the method can promote newly to plant the pears treelet and do sth. in advance result, can shift to an earlier date 2 years period as a result.The healthy and strong pears bud seedling of cultivating and plant applies fertilizer, pours water and pruning technique by improvement, controls pear tree and nourishes and grows, and promotes reproductive growth, has reached the pears treelet and has done sth. in advance result.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind ofly promote the pears treelet to do sth. in advance the method for result, the steps include:
1, cultivate healthy and strong pears bud seedling:
1.1 rootstock seedling is cultivated:
1.1.1 stock variety is selected and the seed lamination:
The stock variety (as birch-leaf pear or beans pears) that select to be fit to the strong stress resistance of one's respective area plantation, screening fresh full seed then carry out sand and hide the lamination processing, and Wuhan Area mid or late December begins lamination.Stratification condition: clean river sand, the river sand water-holding capacity remains on 50%; Preserve environment: 2～7 ℃ of temperature, ventilated; The lamination time: 40～50 days, 50% seed start powder mouth.Neat by the seed germination that lamination is processed, emergence rate is high, robust growth.
1.1.2 wholely with sowing:
Select leeward facing south, do nursery lot near the place at water source.For well, other soil also can be done nursery lot after improvement with sandy loam or light clay loam.Open the railway carriage or compartment: use sufficient base fertilizer, take fertilizer such as pig manure as main, fertilizing amount is ploughed 2 times at 5000kg/ mu wholely; High furrow are done the railway carriage or compartment: the railway carriage or compartment is wide 1 meter, and the railway carriage or compartment is long 10～20 meters, between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment between wide 30cm; Water furrow planting: indulge on the face of railway carriage or compartment and open four seed furrows, ditch depth is 3cm approximately, waters permeable, sand and seed are sowed together in ditch, and every mu of sowing 1.5kg～2.0kg after planting covers the thick fine earth of 1～2cm, cover at last mulch film, the moisturizing temperature raising promotes the quick germinating growth of seed.
1.1.3 rootstock seedling management:
Take off the film hardening: begin hardening when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves.Temperature reaches more than 15 ℃, and open mulch film general at 9 o'clock in the morning, covered mulch film at 16 o'clock in afternoon again.Later on take off mulch film in 1 hour ahead of time every day, postpones and covered mulch film in 1 hour, open no longer hardening of mulch film after 3～5 days.Can't open mulch film when meeting cold wave midway.
Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings: want thinning to fill the gaps with seedlings when seedling grows to 3～4 true leaves.The overstocked thinning of wanting of emerging, rare will the filling the gaps with seedlings of emerging, spacing in the rows keeps 10cm.
Rich water quality management: duty is executed thin fertilising water, promotes the nursery stock Fast Growth.Every 10 days of 3～May was executed disposable fertilizer, take instant nitrogenousfertilizer urea as main, and fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu; Topdress per month for 6～September 1 time, take nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer as main, fertilizing amount 15kg/ mu.Note watering immediately after fertilising, and in time loosen the soil.
Diseases and pests controlling: seedling easily infects damping off, 800～1000 times of spraying controls of available 50% carbendazim; In 4 multiple～September of sick worm, carried out one time diseases and pests controlling in every 15 days.
1.2 rootstock seedling grafting
Wuhan Area late August to early September is carried out the grafting of pears seedling, this moment minimum temperature generally more than 20 ℃, be convenient to callus and form.For well, the method speed is fast, survival rate is high with the simple bud side grafting.Select the overhead stock of 3～5cm place's rugosity more than 0.8cm of stock, select simultaneously fresh, anosis worm, the full branch of buddering does scion, the scion rugosity is suitable with the stock rugosity.In overhead 3～5cm place's grafting of stock.Note before and after grafting watering or pouring water, guarantee the moisture supply that the nursery stock normal growth is required.
2, pears bud seedling is planted and management then
2.1 pears bud seedling is planted
2.1.1 the selection of pears bud seedling
Select healthy and strong pears bud seedling to plant, survival rate is high, and growth is fast.The standard of healthy and strong bud seedling: more than transferring interface stock rugosity 0.8cm, well developed root system, anosis worm and mechanical damage; Budder full, callus forms well.
2.1.2 high ridge cultivation plants the mountain region or heavy soil is wanted pumping slot, groove depth 1m, wide 1m; Bottom land pad branch, straw, every meter is padded 100 jin of grass; Overhead 30cm place's fertilising of Hui Tuzhi is executed the pure pig manure of 100kg for every meter; Return soil, table soil is got back to bottom land again, and subsoil is got back to the groove upper strata, and Hui Tuzhi exceeds ground 50cm, and the field planting band is flattened.Fertile husky territory directly rises grand, field planting band 30～50cm above ground level.After falling leaves fully, Wuhan Area late November pear tree plants trees immediately.Water sufficient normal root water after cultivation, until water ooze fully lower after, cover one deck fine earth on the tree dish, reduce evaporation.Note water management after planting, guarantee the required moisture of pear tree normal growth
Management then after 2.2 pears bud seedling is planted
2.2.1 then to promote shoot and leaf growth as main, must guarantee sufficient rich water after the cultivation of clay fertilizer water management, this is the key of doing sth. in advance result, Main is large loose water, the rich water integrated management.In advance cake fertilizer is immersed in the pond, just can uses after fermentation in 2～3 months.Wuhan Area pears mid-March bud seedling just begins rudiment, and after rudiment, timely anvil, untie the grafting film, promotes bud seedling Fast Growth.Apply fertilizer with composite fertilizer mixes after be dissolved in clear water with the cake fertilizer that ferments for 3～October, and every 10 days of 3～May, fertilising was 1 time, fertilizing amount cake fertilizer 50g/ strain, and composite fertilizer 50g/ strain is dissolved in the water and waters in the tree crown periphery after diluting; Every 15 days of 6～October, fertilising was 1 time, fertilizing amount cake fertilizer 75g/ strain, composite fertilizer 75g/ strain.In time loosened the soil in 1-2 days after each fertilising.High temperature season straw overlay tree dish, preserved soil moisture and lowered the temperature 6～August.March in October to wing year, land used cloth or plastic mulching tree dish, improved ground temperature, extends growth time winter, does sth. in advance sprouting time spring, strengthens the Growth of Pear Trees amount.
2.2.2 diseases and pests controlling during seedling growth, is noted the control of damage by disease and insect, protects each blade that sends.When the spray medicine, add appropriate foliage fertilizer.The 3-5 month, add 800 times of the U.S.'s auspicious Lay fertilizer-No. 1 universal (20-20-20) foliage fertilizers during the spray medicine, promote that the blade maturation is aging, strengthen blade face photosynthesis, promote the branches and leaves Fast Growth.
2.2.3 when branch management bud seedling grows to 30cm, the bondage of bud seedling to upright bamboo pole, is prevented that the bud seedling from being broken by windbreak, and keeps the orthostatic of trunk.When the bud seedling grows to 100cm, beat and decide pinching, control the fixed end growth, inspire side shoot.5～7 the good buds of inserted part of selecting and remain in trunk 50～100cm are slightly carved wound, inspire side shoot.These 5～7 buds rise to be arranged around trunk in the shape of a spiral, and the distance between bud and bud is 10cm approximately, and the bud at other positions of in time erasing prevents nutrient consumption, promote to keep the branching out of bud, growth and nutrient accumulation.When major branch and side shoot grew to 30～50cm, pinching was repeatedly controlled and is increased growth, promotes to increase girth growth, for flower bud differentiation creates conditions.The pears treelet that nutritional condition is good just can form 5～10 buds then.
3, the pears treelet becomes the flower measure
After pears bud seedling is planted, Second Year will take series to become the flower measure, promotes the pears treelet to do sth. in advance result.Major measure is as follows:
3.1 draw branch through the growth of a year, general pears treelet can grow to 1.5 meters high, normal 3～5 of side shoots (more than the long 30cm of side shoot) partly form fruit spur and medium fruit branch.When side shoot and trunk crotch angle are spent less than 30, take to draw a measure.Method for drawing branches: cloth one end is tied up to required middle and upper part of drawing branch, the other end ties up to (1-2 piece) on brick, mobile brick is adjusted branch angle, guarantees side shoot and trunk angle between 45～60 degree, and cloth length is placed ground and can control the branch angle and direction and be advisable with brick.
Carve wound 3.2 carve wound on trunk and more sturdy side shoot.Just can take after bud is sprouted to carve and hinder measure, trunk is generally more sturdy, except the bud that sends side shoot, can carve wound at the bud at the position more than 50cm overhead, can form fruit spur and medium fruit branch by the bud 80% after hindering quarter.The select full bud of side shoot rugosity more than 1cm carved wound.Carve the method for wound: germinate a few days ago, inspire the position of brachyplast at needs, in 1-3 millimeter place, bud top, cut one horizontal mouthful with little hacksaw blade, to cut the transdermal layer as degree, can not go deep into xylem.
3.3 it is extremely strong to smear tip pear tree apical growth advantage, generally the central authorities leader do and 2～3 blastogenesis on side shoot top long all very fast, form 2～3 elongated shoots of advancing side by side, this moment 2 branch of will in time erasing, keep one give birth to direction elongated shoot preferably, strengthen thorax ventilation and penetrating light degree in tree crown, reduce nutrient consumption.
3.4 pinching is done and side shoot top extending head grows to 60cm and wants timely pinching when above as central authorities leaders, other nourish and grow branch except give over to side shoot, want timely pinching when growing to 30cm, promotion increases girth growth and nutrient accumulation, for flower bud differentiation creates conditions.
Generally can make new cultivation pears treelet enter in advance result in 2 years with said method.The pears bud seedling of planting can be saved 1 year than the seedling of planting in conventional production and cultivate seedling institute's time spent; Take above-mentioned serial cultivation step, can promote again the pears treelet to enter ahead of time result in 1 year.Therefore, the present invention can make in advance 2 annual bearings of general pears treelet, has solved present pears new treelet and of the right age fruit tree result evening or result not of planting in producing, and output rises slow and pears breeding process problem slowly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts this method management golden pear bud seedling in 2011 the field planting situation of blooming after 2 years.
Fig. 2 adopts this method management golden pear bud seedling in 2011 field planting situation as a result after 2 years.
Fig. 3 adopts conventional method management golden pear bud seedling in 2011 field planting situation as a result after 2 years.
Fig. 4 adopts this method management Jinsui River in 2011 No. 1 pears bud seedling field planting situation of blooming after 2 years.
Fig. 5 adopts this method management Jinsui River in 2011 No. 1 pears bud seedling field planting situation as a result after 2 years.
Fig. 6 adopts conventional method management Jinsui River in 2011 No. 1 pears bud seedling field planting situation as a result after 2 years.
Fig. 7 adopts this method management green pears bud of Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period seedling in 2011 the field planting situation of blooming after 2 years.
Fig. 8 adopts this method management green pears bud of Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period seedling in 2011 field planting situation as a result after 2 years.
Fig. 9 adopts the conventional method management green pears bud of Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period seedling in 2011 field planting situation as a result after 2 years.
Figure 10 adopts this method management garden yellow pears bud seedling field planting in 2011 situation of blooming after 2 years.
Figure 11 adopts this method management garden yellow pears bud seedling field planting in 2011 situation as a result after 2 years.
Figure 12 adopts conventional method management garden yellow pears bud seedling field planting in 2011 situation as a result after 2 years.
Embodiment
A kind ofly promote the pears treelet to do sth. in advance the method for result, the steps include:
1, cultivate healthy and strong pears bud seedling:
1.1 rootstock seedling is cultivated:
1.1.1 stock variety is selected and the seed lamination:
The stock variety that select to be fit to the strong stress resistance of one's respective area plantation: as birch-leaf pear or beans pears, screening fresh full seed is then carried out sand and is hidden the lamination processing, and Wuhan Area mid or late December begins lamination.Stratification condition: clean river sand, the river sand water-holding capacity remains on 50%; Preserve environment: temperature 2 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 ℃, ventilated; The lamination time: 40 or 43 or 45 or 48 or 50 days, 50% seed start powder mouth.Neat by the seed germination that lamination is processed, emergence rate is high, robust growth.
1.1.2 wholely with sowing:
Select leeward facing south, do nursery lot near the place at water source.For well, other soil also can be done nursery lot after improvement with sandy loam or light clay loam.Open the railway carriage or compartment: use sufficient base fertilizer, take fertilizer such as pig manure as main, fertilizing amount is ploughed 2 times at 5000kg/ mu wholely; High furrow are done the railway carriage or compartment: the railway carriage or compartment is wide 1 meter, and the railway carriage or compartment is long 10 or 15 or 20 meters, between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment between wide 30cm; Water furrow planting: indulge on the face of railway carriage or compartment and open four seed furrows, ditch depth is 3cm approximately, waters permeable, sand and seed are sowed together in ditch, and every mu of sowing 1.5kg or 2.0kg after planting cover 1 or the thick fine earth of 2cm, cover at last mulch film, the moisturizing temperature raising promotes the quick germinating growth of seed.
1.1.3 rootstock seedling management:
Take off the film hardening: begin hardening when seedling grows 2 or 3 true leaves.Temperature reaches more than 15 ℃, and open mulch film general at 9 o'clock in the morning, covered mulch film at 16 o'clock in afternoon again.Later on take off mulch film in 1 hour ahead of time every day, postpones and covered mulch film in 1 hour, open no longer hardening of mulch film after 3 or 4 or 5 days.Can't open mulch film when meeting cold wave midway.
Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings: want thinning to fill the gaps with seedlings when seedling grows to 3 or 4 true leaves.The overstocked thinning of wanting of emerging, rare will the filling the gaps with seedlings of emerging, spacing in the rows keeps 10cm.
Rich water quality management: duty is executed thin fertilising water, promotes the nursery stock Fast Growth.Every 10 days of March, April and May are executed disposable fertilizer, take instant nitrogenousfertilizer urea as main, and fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu; Topdress per month in June, July, August and September 1 time, take nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer as main, fertilizing amount 15kg/ mu.Note watering immediately after fertilising, and in time loosen the soil.
Diseases and pests controlling: seedling easily infects damping off, available 50% carbendazim 800 or 900 or 1000 times of spraying controls; In sick worm multiple April, May, June, July, August and September, carried out one time diseases and pests controlling in every 15 days.
1.2 rootstock seedling grafting
Wuhan Area late August to early September is carried out the grafting of pears seedling, this moment minimum temperature generally more than 20 ℃, be convenient to callus and form.For well, the method speed is fast, survival rate is high with the simple bud side grafting.Select stock overhead 3 or 4 or the stock of 5cm place's rugosity more than 0.8cm, select simultaneously fresh, anosis worm, the full branch of buddering does scion, the scion rugosity is suitable with the stock rugosity.At stock overhead 3 or 4 or 5cm place's grafting.Note before and after grafting watering or pouring water, guarantee the moisture supply that the nursery stock normal growth is required.
2, pears bud seedling is planted and management then:
2.1 pears bud seedling is planted:
2.1.1 the selection of pears bud seedling:
Select healthy and strong pears bud seedling to plant, survival rate is high, and growth is fast.The standard of healthy and strong bud seedling: more than transferring interface stock rugosity 0.8cm, well developed root system, anosis worm and mechanical damage; Budder full, callus forms well.
2.1.2 high ridge cultivation plants the mountain region or heavy soil is wanted pumping slot, groove depth 1m, wide 1m; Bottom land pad branch, straw, every meter is padded 100 jin of grass; Overhead 30cm place's fertilising of Hui Tuzhi is executed the pure pig manure of 100kg for every meter; Return soil, table soil is got back to bottom land again, and subsoil is got back to the groove upper strata, and Hui Tuzhi exceeds ground 50cm, and the field planting band is flattened.Fertile husky territory directly rises grand, field planting band above ground level 30 or 40 or 50cm.After falling leaves fully, Wuhan Area late November pear tree plants trees immediately.Water sufficient normal root water after cultivation, until water ooze fully lower after, cover one deck fine earth on the tree dish, reduce evaporation.Note water management after planting, guarantee the required moisture of pear tree normal growth.
Management then after 2.2 pears bud seedling is planted:
2.2.1 then to promote shoot and leaf growth as main, must guarantee sufficient rich water after the cultivation of clay fertilizer water management, this is the key of doing sth. in advance result, Main is large loose water, the rich water integrated management.In advance cake fertilizer is immersed in the pond, through 2 or 3 months the fermentation after just can use.Wuhan Area pears mid-March bud seedling just begins rudiment, and after rudiment, timely anvil, untie the grafting film, promotes bud seedling Fast Growth.March, April, May, June, July, August, September And October apply fertilizer with being dissolved in clear water after composite fertilizer is mixed with the cake fertilizer that ferments, every 10 days of March, April and May fertilising 1 time, fertilizing amount cake fertilizer 50g/ strain, composite fertilizer 50g/ strain is watered in tree crown peripheral after the dilution that is dissolved in the water; June, July, August, every 15 days of September And October apply fertilizer 1 time, fertilizing amount cake fertilizer 75g/ strain, composite fertilizer 75g/ strain.In time loosened the soil in 1 or 2 day after each fertilising.6 or 7 or August high temperature season with straw overlay tree dish, soil moisture conservation cooling.March in October to wing year, land used cloth or plastic mulching tree dish, improved ground temperature, extends growth time winter, does sth. in advance sprouting time spring, strengthens the Growth of Pear Trees amount.
2.2.2 diseases and pests controlling during seedling growth, is noted the control of damage by disease and insect, protects each blade that sends.When the spray medicine, add appropriate foliage fertilizer.Between March, April and May, add 800 times of the U.S.'s auspicious Lay fertilizer-No. 1 universal (20-20-20) foliage fertilizers during the spray medicine, promote that the blade maturation is aging, strengthen blade face photosynthesis, promote the branches and leaves Fast Growth.
2.2.3 when branch management bud seedling grows to 30cm, the bondage of bud seedling to upright bamboo pole, is prevented that the bud seedling from being broken by windbreak, and keeps the orthostatic of trunk.When the bud seedling grows to 100cm, beat and decide pinching, control the fixed end growth, inspire side shoot.Trunk 50 60 or 70 80 or 90 or 100cm in 5 or 6 or 7 the good buds of inserted part of selecting and remain slightly carve wound, inspire side shoot.These 5 or 6 or 7 buds rise to be arranged around trunk in the shape of a spiral, and the distance between bud and bud is 10cm approximately, and the bud at other positions of in time erasing prevents nutrient consumption, promote to keep the branching out of bud, growth and nutrient accumulation.When major branch and side shoot grow to 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 or during 50cm, pinching is repeatedly controlled and is increased growth, promotes to increase girth growth, for flower bud differentiation creates conditions.The pears treelet that nutritional condition is good just can form 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 buds then.
3, the pears treelet becomes the flower measure:
After pears bud seedling is planted, Second Year will take series to become the flower measure, promotes the pears treelet to do sth. in advance result.Major measure is as follows:
3.1 draw branch through the growth of a year, general pears treelet can grow to 1.5 meters high, normal side shoot 3 or 4 or 5 (more than the long 30cm of side shoot) partly form fruit spur and medium fruit branch.When side shoot and trunk crotch angle are spent less than 30, take to draw a measure.Method for drawing branches: cloth one end is tied up to required middle and upper part of drawing branch, the other end ties up to (1-2 piece) on brick, mobile brick is adjusted branch angle, guarantee side shoot and trunk angle between 45 or 50 or 55 or 60 degree, cloth length is placed ground and can control the branch angle and direction and be advisable with brick.
3.2 carve wound: carve wound on trunk and more sturdy side shoot.Just can take after bud is sprouted to carve and hinder measure, trunk is generally more sturdy, except the bud that sends side shoot, can carve wound at the bud at the position more than 50cm overhead, can form fruit spur and medium fruit branch by the bud 80% after hindering quarter.The select full bud of side shoot rugosity more than 1cm carved wound.Carve the method for wound: germinate a few days ago, inspire the position of brachyplast at needs, in 1-3 millimeter place, bud top, cut one horizontal mouthful with little hacksaw blade, to cut the transdermal layer as degree, can not go deep into xylem.
3.3 smear the tip: pear tree apical growth advantage is extremely strong, generally the central authorities leader do and 2 or 3 blastogenesis on side shoot top long all very fast, form 2 or 3 elongated shoots of advancing side by side, this moment 2 branch of will in time erasing, keep one give birth to direction elongated shoot preferably, strengthen thorax ventilation and penetrating light degree in tree crown, reduce nutrient consumption.
3.4 pinching is done and side shoot top extending head grows to 60cm and wants timely pinching when above as central authorities leaders, other nourish and grow branch except give over to side shoot, want timely pinching when growing to 30cm, promotion increases girth growth and nutrient accumulation, for flower bud differentiation creates conditions.
Experiment illustration 1: this is tested and cultivated pears bud seedling in 2008, and the bud seedling of planting in 2009 adopts this method and the comparison of conventional method on the different cultivar growth result impacts of pears
Table 1: adopt this method and the impact of conventional method on the different cultivar growth result impacts of pears
Continued 1
As can be seen from Table 1, can promote to promote at present green 2 annual bearings ahead of time of excellent pears non-defective unit kind garden Huang, gold, No. 1, Jinsui River and Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period by this method; This method was cultivated pear tree tree body stalwartness in 2 years, and the trunk rugosity is between 1.8～2.5cm, and the major branch rugosity is between 0.6～1.0cm, and side shoot branch is many, and is more healthy and stronger than the pear tree of using conventional method to cultivate.
Claims (1)
1. one kind promotes the pears treelet to do sth. in advance the method for result, the steps include:
A, cultivation pears bud seedling: be at first that stock variety is selected and the seed lamination, select birch-leaf pear or the beans pears of the strong stress resistance of one's respective area plantation, sand Tibetan lamination processing is carried out in screening fresh full seed then, and mid or late December begins lamination, Stratification condition: clean river sand, the river sand water-holding capacity remains on 50%; Preserve environment: 2～7 ℃ of temperature, ventilated; The lamination time: 40～50 days, 50% seed start powder mouth, neat by the seed germination that lamination is processed; Next be wholely with sowing: select leewardly on the sunny side to do nursery lot near the place at water source, with sandy loam or light clay loam, soil is also done nursery lot after improvement, and open the railway carriage or compartment: use sufficient base fertilizer, take pig manure as main, fertilizing amount is ploughed 2 times at 5000kg/ mu wholely; High furrow are done the railway carriage or compartment: the railway carriage or compartment is wide 1 meter, and the railway carriage or compartment is long 10～20 meters, between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment between wide 30cm; Water furrow planting: vertically on the face of railway carriage or compartment open four seed furrows, ditch depth is 3cm approximately, waters permeablely, and sand and seed are sowed together in ditch, sows 1.5kg～2.0kg for every mu, after planting covers the thick fine earth of 1～2cm, covers at last mulch film, the moisturizing temperature raising; The 3rd is rootstock seedling management: Kei film hardening, seedling begin hardening when growing 2～3 true leaves, open mulch film when temperature reaches 15 ℃ during morning 9, covered again mulch film at 16 o'clock in afternoon, take off mulch film 1 hour ahead of time every day, postpones covering mulch film in 1 hour, opens no longer hardening of mulch film after 3～5 days; The 4th is that thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings: when growing to 3～4 true leaves, seedling want thinning to fill the gaps with seedlings, and the overstocked thinning of wanting of emerging, rare will the filling the gaps with seedlings of emerging, spacing in the rows keeps 10cm; The 5th is rich water quality management: duty is executed thin fertilising water, promotes the nursery stock Fast Growth, and every 10 days of 3～May was executed disposable fertilizer, take instant nitrogenousfertilizer urea as main, and fertilizing amount 10kg/ mu; Topdress per month for 6～September 1 time, take nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer as main, fertilizing amount 15kg/ mu in time loosens the soil; The 6th is diseases and pests controlling: seedling easily infects damping off, 800～1000 times of spraying controls of the carbendazim with 50%; In 4 multiple～September of sick worm, carried out one time diseases and pests controlling in every 15 days;
B, rootstock seedling grafting: late August to early September is carried out the grafting of pears seedling, temperature is at 20 ℃, callus forms, with the simple bud side grafting, select stock overhead 3～5cm place rugosity at the stock of 0.8cm, the branch of select simultaneously fresh, anosis worm, buddering is done scion, and the scion rugosity is suitable with the stock rugosity, in overhead 3～5cm place's grafting of stock;
C, pears bud seedling are planted and management then:
The selection of a, pears bud seedling, the standard of selection pears bud seedling: transfer interface stock rugosity 0.8cm; B, high ridge cultivation are planted: mountain region or heavy soil are wanted pumping slot, groove depth 1m, wide 1m; Bottom land pad branch, straw, every meter is padded 100 jin of grass; Overhead 30cm place's fertilising of Hui Tuzhi is executed the pure pig manure of 100kg for every meter; Return again soil, table soil is got back to bottom land, and subsoil is got back to the groove upper strata, and Hui Tuzhi exceeds ground 50cm, the field planting band is flattened, fertile husky territory directly rises grand, field planting band 30～50cm above ground level, late November pear tree plant trees after falling leaves fully, water sufficient normal root water after cultivation, until water ooze fully lower after, cover one deck fine earth on the tree dish, note water management after planting; Management then after c, pears bud seedling are planted: clay fertilizer water management, after cultivation then to promote shoot and leaf growth as main, guarantee rich water, in advance cake fertilizer is immersed in the pond, use after fermentation in 2～3 months, mid-March, pears bud seedling began rudiment, timely anvil after rudiment, untie the grafting film, apply fertilizer with composite fertilizer mix after be dissolved in clear water with the cake fertilizer that ferments for 3～October, and every 5～10 days of 3～May applied fertilizer 1 time, fertilizing amount cake fertilizer 50g/ strain, composite fertilizer 50g/ strain is watered in tree crown peripheral after the dilution that is dissolved in the water; Every 15 days of 6～October fertilising 1 time, fertilizing amount cake fertilizer 75g/ strain, composite fertilizer 75g/ strain was loosened the soil after each fertilising in 1-2 days, 6～August is with straw overlay tree dish, March in October to the wing year land used cloth or plastic mulching tree dish; D, diseases and pests controlling: during seedling growth, the 3-5 month, add 800 times of the U.S.'s auspicious Lay fertilizer-No. 1 universal foliage fertilizers during the spray medicine;
E, branch management: when the bud seedling grows to 30～50cm, with the bondage of bud seedling to upright bamboo pole, when the bud seedling grows to 100cm, beat and decide pinching, the bud of 5～7 inserted parts of selecting and remain in trunk 50～100cm, 5～7 buds rise around trunk in the shape of a spiral and arrange, between bud and bud apart from 10cm, when major branch and side shoot grew to 30～50cm, pinching repeatedly formed 5～10 buds;
The agricultural chemicals that sprays during described seedling growth is 3-5 normally used pear tree diseases and pests controlling agricultural chemicals during the month;
D, pears treelet become the flower measure:
A, draw branch: through the growth of a year, the pears treelet grows to 1.5 meters high, 3～5 of normal side shoots, part forms fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and side shoot and trunk angle are less than 30 degree, take to draw branch, method for drawing branches: cloth one end is tied up to required middle and upper part of drawing branch, and the other end ties up on brick, and mobile brick is adjusted branch angle, make side shoot and trunk angle between 45～60 degree, cloth length is placed ground and can control the branch angle and direction with brick;
B, carve wound: carve wound on trunk and sturdy side shoot, take after bud is sprouted to carve and hinder measure, trunk is sturdy, except the bud that sends side shoot, bud at the position more than 50cm is overhead carved wound, forms fruit spur and medium fruit branch by the bud 80% after hinder quarters, and the full bud of the selection of side shoot rugosity more than 1cm is hindered quarter, carve the method for wound: before germination, inspire the position of brachyplast, in 1-3 millimeter place, bud top, cut one horizontal mouthful with little hacksaw blade, to cut the transdermal layer as degree, do not go deep into xylem;
C, smear the tip: pear tree apical growth advantage is extremely strong, and is long in 2～3 blastogenesis on side shoot top, forms 2～3 elongated shoots of advancing side by side, and the unnecessary branch of erasing only keeps an elongated shoot;
D, pinching: side shoot top elongated shoot grows to 60cm pinching when above, other nourish and grow branch except give over to side shoot, pinching when growing to 30cm.
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