CN105165302A - High-quality and high-yield culture method for bitter gourds - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield culture method for bitter gourds Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165302A CN105165302A CN201510410606.7A CN201510410606A CN105165302A CN 105165302 A CN105165302 A CN 105165302A CN 201510410606 A CN201510410606 A CN 201510410606A CN 105165302 A CN105165302 A CN 105165302A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield culture method for bitter gourds. The method comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection and germination acceleration; (2) seedbed preparation and seeding; (3) land leveling of a field; (4) transplanting and fixed planting; (5) field management; and (6) timely harvesting. By adopting the above technical scheme, the number of topdressing times is less, and pesticides are not needed to be scattered after planting, so that the planting workload is reduced and the raw materials are saved; the planted bitter gourds are large in size, high in output and good in quality, and the planting economical benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation technical field, particularly relate to a kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of balsam pear.
Background technology
Balsam pear another name balsam pear, bright and beautiful lichee, leprosy grape are the annual climbing herb plant of Curcurbitaceae Momordica.Containing a kind of glucoside in balsam pear fruit, there is special bitter taste.Balsam pear with tender fruit and mellow fruit edible, nutritive value and medical value higher, containing vitamin C 48 ~ 56 milligrams in every 100 grams of balsam pear edible parts, be a kind of high value vegetables that people like.
Traditional balsam pear implantation methods feature is: planting density is excessive, and damage by disease and insect is many, and Pesticide use amount is large, limits the growth of balsam pear, reduces its seed output and quality.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of balsam pear, can improve the seed output and quality of balsam pear.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of cultivating superior high-yield method providing balsam pear, comprises the steps:
(1) seed selection vernalization: select disease-resistant, high yield, precocious Varieties of Balsam Pear, Exposure to Sunlight 1 ~ 2 day, with 30% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion kind 45 ~ 60min, is then placed in clear water and soaks 24h to growing tender shoots before sowing;
(2) seedbed prepares and sowing: by ground, the rural area thin rake 10 ~ 15cm that deep ploughs, and to make be highly 8 ~ 10cm, width is the nursery furrow of 20 ~ 30cm, in the middle of described nursery furrow, output width is 5 ~ 6cm, the degree of depth is the ditch of 6 ~ 8cm, in described ditch, fill with permeable, make the nursery soil of described ditch both sides moistening, then one deck vegetation grieshoch and ground floor nutrition soil layer is evenly applied to described nursery furrow face, then the seed after vernalization in step (1) is evenly applied on described nursery furrow face, and evenly apply second layer Nutrition Soil and one deck thereon again and to sieve fine earth, finally on described nursery furrow, build plastic greenhouse,
(3) land for growing field crops wholely: select soil layer deep, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are raw tea field easily, 5 ~ 10kg weed killer herbicide and 10 ~ 15kg50% tpn wetting powder is applied in every mu of field, turn over rake 25 ~ 30cm, to dry in the air field 8 ~ 10 days, then to pour water greatly unrestrained field, after 2 ~ 3 days, every mu of field applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3000 ~ 4000kg again, organic multifunction compound fertilizer 100 ~ 200kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 80 ~ 150kg and retting, then the thin rake of deep ploughing 15 ~ 20cm, grade, and to make width be 80 ~ 100cm, be highly 12 ~ 15cm, spacing is the field furrow of 50 ~ 80cm,
(4) transplant planting: when the balsam pear seedling in step (2) in plastic greenhouse grows to 3 ~ 4 blades, transplanted on the furrow face, field of also field planting making in described step (3), described transplant planting method is: young plant balled transplanting, hole pressing field planting, every cave field planting 2 strain, cave is apart from 50 ~ 60cm; Transplanting depth is 8 ~ 10cm, and after transplanting, hole pressing is watered permeable;
(5) field management: when young plant grows to 15 ~ 20cm height, building in side, furrow face is highly the support of 1.8 ~ 2m; Within young plant vegetative period, within every 10 ~ 15 days, water a water, keep ground moistening without ponding, and after watering 3 ~ 4 days, once intertill and loosen the soil; at every turn In young plant fruiting period, within every 15 ~ 20 days, impose a vegetable special compound fertilizer, and water in time, and every 8 ~ 10 days water a water, keep planting site ground moistening;
(6) timely collecting: when fruit knurl ditch shoals, tip flattens cunning, color of the leather turn green and glossy after, win mellow fruit listing every day.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described ground floor Nutrition Soil layer thickness is 5 ~ 8cm, and described second layer nutrition the thickness of the layer is 2 ~ 3cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described Nutrition Soil be rural area soil, vermiculite and well-rotted farmyard manure in mass ratio 1:1:1 mix the composite soil of retting.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described organic multifunction compound fertilizer is that agricultural crop straw, frutus cnidii, azedarach, gall nut, ammonium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, medical stone powder, thiocarbamide, diatomite, vermiculite power and sodium humate form through mixing retting.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described organic multifunction compound fertilizer, the consumption number of each raw material is: agricultural crop straw 70 parts, frutus cnidii 35 parts, azedarach 15 parts, gall nut 20 parts, ammonium carbonate 50 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 parts, medical stone powder 40 parts, thiocarbamide 20 parts, 8 parts, diatomite, vermiculite power 12 parts, sodium humate 20 parts.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the cultivating superior high-yield method of a kind of balsam pear of the present invention, the number of times that topdresses be few, plant after without the need to applying agricultural chemicals, alleviate plantation workload, saved raw material; The balsam pear head planted is large, output is high, quality good, improves the economic benefit of plantation.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Embodiment 1
Is deep ploughed and carefully harrow 15cm in rural area, and make highly for 10cm, width is the nursery furrow of 30cm, in the middle of described nursery furrow, output width is 6cm, the degree of depth is the ditch of 8cm, in described ditch, fill with permeable, make the nursery soil of described ditch both sides moistening, then evenly applying one deck vegetation grieshoch and thickness to described nursery furrow face is 5 ~ 8cm ground floor nutrition soil layer (rural area soil, vermiculite and well-rotted farmyard manure in mass ratio 1:1:1 mix the composite soil of retting); Select disease-resistant, high yield, precocious Varieties of Balsam Pear, Exposure to Sunlight 1 ~ 2 day before sowing, with 30% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion kind 45min, then be placed in clear water and soak 24h to growing tender shoots, then applied on above-mentioned nursery furrow face, and evenly apply second layer Nutrition Soil (the same) that thickness is 2 ~ 3cm and the thick fine earth that sieves of 1 ~ 2cm thereon again, finally building on described nursery furrow is highly the plastic greenhouse of 30cm, to ensure balsam pear growth of seedling temperature.
Selection soil layer is deep, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are raw tea field easily, 10kg weed killer herbicide and 10kg50% tpn wetting powder is applied in every mu of field, with weeding and control ground insect pest, turn over rake 25cm, to dry in the air field 8 days, then to pour water greatly unrestrained field, soil is made to suction moisture, after 2 ~ 3 days, every mu of field applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg again, organic multifunction compound fertilizer of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 150kg and retting (comprises with the mixed fertilizer of following parts by weight of component retting mixing: agricultural crop straw 70 parts, frutus cnidii 35 parts, azedarach 15 parts, gall nut 20 parts, ammonium carbonate 50 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 parts, medical stone powder 40 parts, thiocarbamide 20 parts, 8 parts, diatomite, vermiculite power 12 parts, sodium humate 20 parts) 100kg, then deep plough and carefully harrow 15cm, grade, and to make width be 80cm, be highly 12cm, spacing is the field furrow of 80cm,
When balsam pear seedling in plastic greenhouse grows to 3 ~ 4 blades, transplanted and field planting on furrow face, above-mentioned field, described transplant planting method is: young plant balled transplanting, hole pressing field planting, every cave field planting 2 strain, and cave is apart from 50cm; Transplanting depth is 10cm, and after transplanting, hole pressing is watered permeable; When young plant grows to 15cm height, building in side, furrow face is highly the support of 1.8 ~ 2m, is beneficial to branches and tendrils climbing; Within young plant vegetative period, within every 10 days, water a water, keep ground moistening without ponding, and after watering 3 ~ 4 days, once intertill and loosen the soil; at every turn In young plant fruiting period, the demand of plant to liquid manure is higher, during this period, within every 15 days, impose a vegetable special compound fertilizer, use 30kg for every mu, and water in time, and every 8 days water a water, weather arid can increase irrigation times, to keep planting site ground moistening for principle; When fruit knurl ditch shoals, tip flattens cunning, and color of the leather turns green and glossy namely ripe, wins mellow fruit listing every day.
Embodiment 2
Is deep ploughed and carefully harrow 10cm in rural area, and make highly for 8cm, width is the nursery furrow of 20cm, in the middle of described nursery furrow, output width is 5cm, the degree of depth is the ditch of 6cm, in described ditch, fill with permeable, make the nursery soil of described ditch both sides moistening, then evenly applying one deck vegetation grieshoch and thickness to described nursery furrow face is 5 ~ 8cm ground floor nutrition soil layer (rural area soil, vermiculite and well-rotted farmyard manure in mass ratio 1:1:1 mix the composite soil of retting); Select disease-resistant, high yield, precocious Varieties of Balsam Pear, Exposure to Sunlight 1 ~ 2 day before sowing, with 30% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion kind 60min, then be placed in clear water and soak 24h to growing tender shoots, then applied on above-mentioned nursery furrow face, and evenly apply second layer Nutrition Soil (the same) that thickness is 2 ~ 3cm and the thick fine earth that sieves of 1 ~ 2cm thereon again, finally building on described nursery furrow is highly the plastic greenhouse of 35cm, to ensure balsam pear growth of seedling temperature.
Selection soil layer is deep, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are raw tea field easily, 5kg weed killer herbicide and 15kg50% tpn wetting powder is applied in every mu of field, with weeding and control ground insect pest, turn over rake 30cm, to dry in the air field 10 days, then to pour water greatly unrestrained field, soil is made to suction moisture, after 2 ~ 3 days, every mu of field applies well-rotted farmyard manure 4000kg again, organic multifunction compound fertilizer of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 80kg and retting (comprises with the mixed fertilizer of following parts by weight of component retting mixing: agricultural crop straw 70 parts, frutus cnidii 35 parts, azedarach 15 parts, gall nut 20 parts, ammonium carbonate 50 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 parts, medical stone powder 40 parts, thiocarbamide 20 parts, 8 parts, diatomite, vermiculite power 12 parts, sodium humate 20 parts) 200kg, then deep plough and carefully harrow 20cm, grade, and to make width be 100cm, be highly 15cm, spacing is the field furrow of 50cm,
When balsam pear seedling in plastic greenhouse grows to 3 ~ 4 blades, transplanted and field planting on furrow face, above-mentioned field, described transplant planting method is: young plant balled transplanting, hole pressing field planting, every cave field planting 2 strain, and cave is apart from 50cm; Transplanting depth is 10cm, and after transplanting, hole pressing is watered permeable; When young plant grows to 20cm height, building in side, furrow face is highly the support of 1.8 ~ 2m, is beneficial to branches and tendrils climbing; Within young plant vegetative period, within every 15 days, water a water, keep ground moistening without ponding, and after watering 3 ~ 4 days, once intertill and loosen the soil; at every turn In young plant fruiting period, the demand of plant to liquid manure is higher, during this period, within every 20 days, impose a vegetable special compound fertilizer, every mu of 20kg, and water in time, and every 10 days water a water, weather arid can increase irrigation times, to keep planting site ground moistening for principle; When fruit knurl ditch shoals, tip flattens cunning, and color of the leather turns green and glossy namely ripe, wins mellow fruit listing every day.
The balsam pear that said method is planted, residue of pesticide are few, and quality is good, and output is high, add the economic benefit of balsam pear plantation.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a cultivating superior high-yield method for balsam pear, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) seed selection vernalization: select disease-resistant, high yield, precocious Varieties of Balsam Pear, Exposure to Sunlight 1 ~ 2 day, with 30% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion kind 45 ~ 60min, is then placed in clear water and soaks 24h to growing tender shoots before sowing;
(2) seedbed prepares and sowing: by ground, the rural area thin rake 10 ~ 15cm that deep ploughs, and to make be highly 8 ~ 10cm, width is the nursery furrow of 20 ~ 30cm, in the middle of described nursery furrow, output width is 5 ~ 6cm, the degree of depth is the ditch of 6 ~ 8cm, in described ditch, fill with permeable, make the nursery soil of described ditch both sides moistening, then one deck vegetation grieshoch and ground floor nutrition soil layer is evenly applied to described nursery furrow face, then the seed after vernalization in step (1) is evenly applied on described nursery furrow face, and evenly apply second layer Nutrition Soil and one deck thereon again and to sieve fine earth, finally on described nursery furrow, build plastic greenhouse,
(3) land for growing field crops wholely: select soil layer deep, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are raw tea field easily, 5 ~ 10kg weed killer herbicide and 10 ~ 15kg50% tpn wetting powder is applied in every mu of field, turn over rake 25 ~ 30cm, to dry in the air field 8 ~ 10 days, then to pour water greatly unrestrained field, after 2 ~ 3 days, every mu of field applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3000 ~ 4000kg again, organic multifunction compound fertilizer 100 ~ 200kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 80 ~ 150kg and retting, then the thin rake of deep ploughing 15 ~ 20cm, grade, and to make width be 80 ~ 100cm, be highly 12 ~ 15cm, spacing is the field furrow of 50 ~ 80cm,
(4) transplant planting: when the balsam pear seedling in step (2) in plastic greenhouse grows to 3 ~ 4 blades, transplanted on the furrow face, field of also field planting making in described step (3), described transplant planting method is: young plant balled transplanting, hole pressing field planting, every cave field planting 2 strain, cave is apart from 50 ~ 60cm; Transplanting depth is 8 ~ 10cm, and after transplanting, hole pressing is watered permeable;
(5) field management: when young plant grows to 15 ~ 20cm height, building in side, furrow face is highly the support of 1.8 ~ 2m; Within young plant vegetative period, within every 10 ~ 15 days, water a water, keep ground moistening without ponding, and after watering 3 ~ 4 days, once intertill and loosen the soil; at every turn In young plant fruiting period, within every 15 ~ 20 days, impose a vegetable special compound fertilizer, and water in time, and every 8 ~ 10 days water a water, keep planting site ground moistening;
(6) timely collecting: when fruit knurl ditch shoals, tip flattens cunning, color of the leather turn green and glossy after, win mellow fruit listing every day.
2. the cultivating superior high-yield method of balsam pear according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ground floor Nutrition Soil layer thickness is 5 ~ 8cm, and described second layer nutrition the thickness of the layer is 2 ~ 3cm.
3. the cultivating superior high-yield method of balsam pear according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described Nutrition Soil be rural area soil, vermiculite and well-rotted farmyard manure in mass ratio 1:1:1 mix the composite soil of retting.
4. the cultivating superior high-yield method of balsam pear according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic multifunction compound fertilizer is that agricultural crop straw, frutus cnidii, azedarach, gall nut, ammonium carbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, medical stone powder, thiocarbamide, diatomite, vermiculite power and sodium humate form through mixing retting.
5. the cultivating superior high-yield method of balsam pear according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described organic multifunction compound fertilizer, the consumption number of each raw material is: agricultural crop straw 70 parts, frutus cnidii 35 parts, azedarach 15 parts, gall nut 20 parts, ammonium carbonate 50 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 parts, medical stone powder 40 parts, thiocarbamide 20 parts, 8 parts, diatomite, vermiculite power 12 parts, sodium humate 20 parts.
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CN105766331A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-20 | 唐云龙 | High-yield planting method of bitter gourds |
CN105940934A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-21 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A method of performing natural soil cultivation on medium saline-alkali soil by using organic matter containing broadleaf tree deciduous leaf soil |
CN106069048A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 马鞍山市国华农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Momordicae charantiae |
CN106561226A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 秦伟 | Planting method of pollution-free taste-rich carrot |
CN107646332A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-02 | 广西博白县琼达农业科技有限公司 | A kind of balsam pear implantation methods |
CN108076983A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-05-29 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of plantation method for culturing seedlings of organic vegetable |
CN108323273A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-27 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | A kind of formula solution, method and the application of Rapid reversal wild Fructus Momordicae charantiae seed dormancy |
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CN105766331A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-20 | 唐云龙 | High-yield planting method of bitter gourds |
CN105940934A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-21 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A method of performing natural soil cultivation on medium saline-alkali soil by using organic matter containing broadleaf tree deciduous leaf soil |
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CN106561226A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 秦伟 | Planting method of pollution-free taste-rich carrot |
CN107646332A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-02 | 广西博白县琼达农业科技有限公司 | A kind of balsam pear implantation methods |
CN108076983A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-05-29 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of plantation method for culturing seedlings of organic vegetable |
CN108076983B (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-07-24 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Planting and seedling raising method for organic vegetables |
CN108323273A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-27 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | A kind of formula solution, method and the application of Rapid reversal wild Fructus Momordicae charantiae seed dormancy |
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