CN104082007A - Cuttage breeding method for annona squamosa linn - Google Patents
Cuttage breeding method for annona squamosa linn Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A cuttage breeding method for the annona squamosa linn comprises the processes of variety selecting, seed collecting and sowing, stock plant cultivating, cutting collecting, cutting and post-cutting managing. The big-fruit and high-quality A.P annona squamosa linn variety is selected. Seeds are collected and sown. A good and robust dominant nursery stock is selected as a stock plant, top pruning, water controlling and fertilization are carried out on the stock plant to promote germination, a lignified sprout is selected as a cutting, the cutting is placed in a container cup with a matrix after being processed, a cutting seedling is cultivated, and therefore the good and robust cutting seedling of the annona squamosa linn can be obtained. According to the method, the best of all is selected from the high-quality annona squamosa linn varieties, and therefore the better cutting seedling can be obtained through cultivation. The method has the advantages of being high in breeding speed, simple, easy to operate, high in survival rate and the like, the excellent hereditary character of the annona squamosa linn is kept, the survival rate is higher than 90%, the shortcomings of other vegetative propagation methods of the annona squamosa linn are overcome, and it is of great significance for treatment of stony desertification and ecological environment construction of China and increasing the yield and the economic value of the annona squamosa linn.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method.
Background technology
Sugar-apple (
annona squamosalinn) be one of the large torrid zone, the world five name fruit, originate on land, tropical America or Caribbean island and the West Indies, this life circle torrid zone, all widely cultivations of South Subtropical Area of China.Its fruit is not only nutritious, and medical value is high, and Annona lactone is called " Star of Anticancer tomorrow ", is a kind of green health fruit.Sugar-apple requires not tight to soil, no matter in southwest, osmanthus, Youjiang basin area height above sea level height, as long as all suitable its growths of free of frost in winter, so sugar-apple is used as first-selected good economic tree in China's Rocky Desertification Control and improvement of the ecological environment.Because it has wide adaptability, good characteristic that economic worth is high, and along with the comprehensively dark people of China's Rocky Desertification Control and improvement of the ecological environment with carry out and the raising of people's living standard and the enhancing of health care consciousness, demand to sugar-apple is increasing, but at present China's plantation taking common sugar-apple kind as master, small scale, yield poorly, can not meet larger demand, it is imperative therefore to widely popularize sugar-apple improved seeds and accelerate to breed good healthy and strong nursery stock.
At present, sugar-apple breeding is mainly sexual and vegetative propagation.Sexual propagation has early fruiting and high yield characteristic, but sugar-apple is diclinism plant, and grain weight is few and germination rate is low, and some merit and the early ageing of parent is easily lost in seminal propagation.Vegetative propagation mainly contains propagation by grafiting, propagation by layering, cottage propagation and tissue culture propagating.Although sugar-apple propagation by grafiting is easy to survive, first cultivate stock, and be chosen in spring grafting and survive just guaranteedly, and grafting easily dyes root rot, so the easy climate of propagation by grafiting, season, well outer, high in cost of production impact of stock.Propagation by layering is first by nursery stock cutting strunk, the growth that puts metal at the base portion of rudiment after rudiment the is long long contracting ring of hanging, put polyethylene film cylinder in rudiment, the cylinder sand of in-built each 50 % and the mixture of wood chip, only allow growing point be exposed, after press strip grows luxuriant root system, then take out in addition and cultivate; Although propagation by layering survival rate is also high, formality is loaded down with trivial details, operation inconvenience, and cost is high.Tissue culture propagating production cost is high, and technical requirement is high, so the also not application on producing so far of tissue culture propagating sugar-apple.Cottage propagation is only shown in abroad and has research at present, (the scientia Horticulturae such as A.P.George, 33 phases in 1987) report, in Florida, carries out stem in the healthy and strong branch of resting stage clip from sugar-apple elite stand and inserts the breeding merit of having accomplished, thick 0.5～l cm branch is cut into one section that 13～15 cm grow, allow in its 4/5 insertion sand, at least stay a leaf bud to expose native face, after approximately 25～35 days, bear root, but in India, Philippine, South America, once adopted stem to insert breeding and do not succeed; In Queensland, in September, make matrix with husky 50 %+perlite, 50 %, clip 15～20 cm tloig-cutlages, average survival only has 56 %; In China, sugar-apple cottage propagation yet there are no research, and the present invention, through experimental study, obtains a set of sugar-apple Technique on Cuttage Propagation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of existing propagation technique, aim to provide a kind of cuttage breeding method of accelerating to breed sugar-apple improved seeds.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method, after comprising kind selection, seed collecting sowing, cultivation maternal plant, collection cuttings, cuttage and cuttage, manage operation, it is characterized in that: by selecting the A.P sugar-apple kind of large fruit, high-quality, gather planting seed, therefrom select the advantage nursery stock of good stalwartness to do maternal plant, maternal plant is cut to top, short the sprouting of control water fertilising, after rudiment lignification, make cuttage fringe bar, cuttage is after treatment in installing the container cup of matrix, cultivate cuttage seeding, the sugar-apple cuttage seeding that obtains good stalwartness, its operating procedure is as follows:
(1) kind is selected: the A.P sugar-apple kind of selecting large fruit, high-quality;
(2) sowing of collecting seed: select good stalwartness the custardapple tree in the full bearing period as seed collecting elite stand, collecting fruit, takes out seed clear water Xian clean, immediately seed is broadcast to the sowing furrow of having put in order having mixed sowing media;
(3) cultivate maternal plant: select the healthy and strong seedling of high-quality as maternal plant, be planted in the container cup of having loaded culture matrix, drench 600～1000 times of aqueous solution diseases preventions of carbendazol wettable powder of spraying 80 % after normal root water, plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.6 %, drenched and execute the Russian composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.8～1.2 % every 15 days later, after plantation 60～70 days, pinch, control water, fertilising, promotes rudiment bar lignification, each collection after fringe bar, immediately with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution+0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator spraying that contains weight 0.2～0.3 %, and apply according to a conventional method the Canadian import potash fertilizer of Russian import composite fertilizer+0.3～0.5 % that contains weight 1.0 %, every 7～10 days, spray according to a conventional method 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of carbendazol wettable powder or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of 85 % zineb pulvis or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution sprayings of 85 % thiophanate methyl pulvis of 80 %, the diseases prevention of several medicament cross-reference, when damaged by vermin, spray according to a conventional method 1000 times of aqueous insecticides of 25 % Imidacloprid wetting powders,
(4) gather cuttings: gather lignification budling as cuttage cuttings, prune cuttage cuttings;
(5) cuttage: first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cutting bed, cuttage the previous day is with the disinfection according to a conventional method of 2.5% potassium permanganate; Section under cuttage cuttings is inserted in the somatotropin that the aqueous solution that is made into 300～400 ppm of adding water adds talcum powder furnishing pasty state again and carries out routine immersion, again by the cuttage of cuttage cuttings in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 2.5～3.5 cm, the normal root water of drenching, sprays cuttings with the mixed liquor of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine+0.1～0.2 % or 0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator;
(6) after cuttage, manage: after cuttage, cover according to a conventional method moisturizing with plastic film, add a cover shade net, plastic film, shade net surrounding dirt seal; In cutting bed, air humidity is 85～95 %, opens film, shade net ventilation, spray medicine, trickle every 10～12 days; Be sprayed on cuttings blade with the mixed liquor of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine+0.1～0.2 % or 0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator, after 0.5 h, reseal plastic film, shade net; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to the new sugar-apple plant of complete stalwartness.
In above-described seed collecting sowing step sowing media be mix by the raw material of following weight portion formulated, wherein: 60～70 parts of yellow soils; 30～40 parts of fine sands.
Above-described collecting fruit is first maturation, the fruit of long 13 cm above, more than wide 7 cm, more than thick 5 cm.
Above-described maternal plant culture medium mixes formulated by the raw material of following weight portion, wherein: 30～40 parts of yellow soils; 40～50 parts, mellow soil; 10～15 parts of pool muds; 5～10 parts, chicken manure stack retting material.
Above-described cutting medium mixes formulated by the raw material of following weight portion, comprising: 1) true yellow cubsoil; 2) yellow soil 1 weight portion; Coconut palm chaff 1 weight portion; 3) yellow soil 1 weight portion; Fine sand 1 weight portion.
Above step (3) cultivate the healthy and strong seedling of the selection high-quality described in maternal plant be select first to sprout to grow fine, high 7 cm are above, leading thread 1.1 mm are above, without the seedling of damage by disease and insect.
Above step (3) is cultivated pinching described in maternal plant, control water, fertilising be more than maternal plant grows to high 20 cm, leading thread 1.5 mm cut at 10～15 cm places overhead and cut by profit when above, preferably retain 1～2 pair of complete leaf, after pinching, drench the Canadian import potash fertilizer of executing Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure+0.3 % that contains weight 0.5～0.8 %, after high 20 cm are grown in rudiment, stop supplying water, promote rudiment bar lignification.
It is that the healthy and strong anosis worm of collection, length are that 21～25 cm, leading thread 1.5～2.0 mm, complete lignified rudiment side shoot are cuttings that above step (4) gathers the cuttage cuttings described in cuttings; Described pruning cuttage cuttings method is: the cuttings gathering is pruned to cuttings in shady and cool place with sharp scissors or scalpel, ensure that every cuttings has 4 more than bud, except down staying at growing point 3 complete leaves, remaining is erased, the leaf retaining, from more than base portion 2.5 cm cutting, then is cut into angle shape by cuttings lower end from eye 1cm place.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. sugar-apple cuttage breeding method of the present invention, selects colory sugar-apple kind, strictly holds collecting fruit, maternal plant and selects gate of the quality monitoring, selects in excellent excellently, and its merit is kept, and cultivates the cuttage seeding obtaining better.
2. sugar-apple cuttage breeding method of the present invention, sugar-apple cuttage raise seedling technique is provided, have that reproduction speed is fast, method is simple, processing ease, survival rate high, more than survival rate reaches 90 %, make up the deficiency of other asexual reproduction method of sugar-apple, for accelerating breeding and culturing sugar-apple in China's Rocky Desertification Control and improvement of the ecological environment, improve output and lay a solid foundation, improve the economic worth of sugar-apple.
This method makes colory sugar-apple kind, selects in excellent excellently, makes to cultivate the cuttage seeding obtaining better; Have that reproduction speed is fast, method is simple, processing ease, survival rate high, keep the good hereditary capacity of sugar-apple, more than survival rate reaches 90 %, make up the deficiency of other asexual reproduction method of sugar-apple, to China's Rocky Desertification Control and improvement of the ecological environment, improve sugar-apple output and economic worth significant.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Select good stalwartness to set as seed collecting elite stand in the A.P in full bearing period sugar-apple kind, gather first maturation, grow the fruit of 13 cm above, more than wide 7 cm, more than thick 5 cm, take out seed clear water Xian clean, seed is broadcast at the weight portion of 40 parts of 60 parts of yellow soils and fine sands and mixed and be made into the growing seedlings on furrow of furrow face 1m, cover with yellow soil, thick about 1cm, keeps moistening during this time.By 30 parts of yellow soils, 50 parts, mellow soil, 12 parts of pool muds, the weight portion that chicken manure stack retting material is 8 parts stirs as maternal plant matrix, select first to sprout, grow fine, more than high 7 cm, more than leading thread 1.1 mm, without the seedling of damage by disease and insect, be implanted into the container cup of 22 cm × 24 cm, limit is put nursery stock limit maternal plant matrix and is filled up container cup, by 8 container cup a line, 80 row one furrow closely discharge, drench 600～1000 times of aqueous solution diseases preventions of carbendazol wettable powder of spraying 80 % after normal root water, plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.6 %, drenched and execute the Russian composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.8 % every 15 days later, after plantation 70 days, more than maternal plant grows to high 20 cm, leading thread 1.5 mm cut at 10～15 cm places overhead and cut by profit when above, preferably retain 1～2 pair of complete leaf, after pinching, drench the Canadian import potash fertilizer of executing Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure+0.4 % that contains weight 0.6 %, after growing to high 20 cm, rudiment stops supplying water, promote rudiment bar lignification, each collection after fringe bar, the auxin of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution+0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator that spray contains weight 0.2～0.3 % immediately, and apply according to a conventional method the Canadian import potash fertilizer of Russian import composite fertilizer+0.4 % that contains weight 1.0 %, sprayed according to a conventional method 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of carbendazol wettable powder or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of 85% zineb pulvis or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution sprayings of 85 % thiophanate methyl pulvis of 80 % every 7～10 days, the diseases prevention of several medicament cross-reference, when damaged by vermin, spray according to a conventional method 1000 times of desinsections of 25 % Imidacloprid wetting powders.First pack in cuttage vessel cup as cutting medium with true yellow cubsoil, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cutting bed, cuttage the previous day is with containing weight 2.5 % potassium permanganate disinfections according to a conventional method; Gather healthy and strong anosis worm, length is that 25 cm, leading thread 2.0 mm, complete lignified rudiment side shoot are as cuttings, cuttings is pruned with sharp scissors or scalpel in shady and cool place, ensure that every cuttings has 4 more than bud, except down staying at growing point 3 complete leaves, remaining is erased, the leaf retaining, from more than petiole 2.5 cm cutting, then is cut into angle shape by cuttings lower end from eye 1 cm place; Section under cuttings is inserted to " APT " add water aqueous solution of being made into 300～400 ppm to be added and in talcum powder furnishing pasty state, carries out routine immersion, by cuttings cuttage in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 3 cm, the normal root water of drenching, mixes and sprays cuttings with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine and 0.1～0.2 % or compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator.After cuttage, cover according to a conventional method moisturizing with plastic film, add a cover shade net, plastic film, shade net surrounding dirt seal; In cutting bed, air humidity is 85～95 %, opens film, shade net ventilation, spray medicine, trickle every 10～12 days; Be sprayed on cuttings blade after evenly with the mixed liquor of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine and 0.1～0.2% or 0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator, after 0.5 h, reseal plastic film, shade net; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to, the high 38cm of complete stalwartness is above, the above sugar-apple nursery stock of leading thread 5 mm, and survival rate reaches 90 %.
Embodiment 2:
Select good stalwartness to set as seed collecting elite stand in the A.P in full bearing period sugar-apple kind, gather first maturation, grow the fruit of 13 cm above, more than wide 7 cm, more than thick 5 cm, take out seed clear water Xian clean, seed is broadcast at the weight portion of 65 parts of yellow soils, 35 parts of fine sands and mixed and be made into the growing seedlings on furrow of furrow face 1 m, cover with yellow soil, thick approximately 1 cm, keeps moistening during this time.By 40 parts of yellow soils, 40 parts, mellow soil, 15 parts of pool muds, the weight portion that chicken manure stack retting material is 5 parts stirs as maternal plant matrix, select first to sprout, grow fine, more than high 7 cm, more than leading thread 1.1 mm, without the seedling of damage by disease and insect, be implanted into the container cup of 22 cm × 24 cm, limit is put nursery stock limit maternal plant matrix and is filled up container cup, by 8 container cup a line, 80 row one furrow closely discharge, drench 600～1000 times of aqueous solution diseases preventions of carbendazol wettable powder of spraying 80 % after normal root water, plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.6 %, drenched and execute the Russian composite fertilizer of containing weight 1.0 % every 15 days later, after plantation 60 days, more than maternal plant grows to high 20 cm, leading thread 1.5 mm cut at 10～15 cm places overhead and cut by profit when above, preferably retain 1～2 pair of complete leaf, after pinching, drench the Canadian import potash fertilizer of executing Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure+0.5 % that contains weight 0.5 %, after growing to high 20 cm, rudiment stops supplying water, promote rudiment bar lignification, each collection after fringe bar, the auxin of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution+0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator that spray contains weight 0.2～0.3 % immediately, and apply according to a conventional method the Canadian import potash fertilizer of Russian import composite fertilizer+0.3% that contains weight 1.0 %, sprayed according to a conventional method 600～1000 times of aqueous solution sprayings of 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of carbendazol wettable powder of 80% or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of 85 % zineb pulvis or 85 % thiophanate methyl pulvis every 7～10 days, the diseases prevention of several medicament cross-reference, when damaged by vermin, spray according to a conventional method 1000 times of desinsections of 25 % Imidacloprid wetting powders.First stir and pack in cuttage vessel cup as cutting medium with the weight portion of 50 parts of yellow soils, 50 parts of coconut palm chaffs, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cutting bed, cuttage the previous day is with containing weight 2.5 % potassium permanganate disinfections according to a conventional method; Gather healthy and strong anosis worm, length is that 23 cm, leading thread 1.7 mm, complete lignified rudiment side shoot are as cuttings, cuttings is pruned with sharp scissors or scalpel in shady and cool place, ensure that every cuttings has 4 more than bud, except down staying at growing point 3 complete leaves, remaining is erased, the leaf retaining, from more than petiole 2.5 cm cutting, then is cut into angle shape by cuttings lower end from eye 1 cm place; Section under cuttings is inserted to " APT " add water aqueous solution of being made into 300～400 ppm to be added and in talcum powder furnishing pasty state, carries out routine immersion, by cuttings cuttage in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 2.5 cm, the normal root water of drenching, mixes and sprays cuttings with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine and 0.1～0.2 % or compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator.After cuttage, cover according to a conventional method moisturizing with plastic film, add a cover shade net, plastic film, shade net surrounding dirt seal; In cutting bed, air humidity is 85～95 %, opens film, shade net ventilation, spray medicine, trickle every 10～12 days; Be sprayed on cuttings blade after evenly with the mixed liquor of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine and 0.1～0.2 % or 0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator, after 0.5 h, reseal plastic film, shade net; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to, high 42 cm of complete stalwartness are above, the above sugar-apple nursery stock of leading thread 7 mm, and survival rate reaches 92 %.
Embodiment 3:
Select good stalwartness to set as seed collecting elite stand in the A.P in full bearing period sugar-apple kind, gather first maturation, grow the fruit of 13 cm above, more than wide 7 cm, more than thick 5 cm, take out seed clear water Xian clean, seed is broadcast at the weight portion of 70 parts of yellow soils, 30 parts of fine sands and mixed into growing seedlings on furrow of furrow face 1 m, cover with yellow soil, thick approximately 1 cm, keeps moistening during this time.By 35 parts of yellow soils, 45 parts, mellow soil, 10 parts of pool muds, the weight portion that chicken manure stack retting material is 10 parts stirs as maternal plant matrix II, select first to sprout, grow fine, more than high 7 cm, more than leading thread 1.1 mm, without the seedling of damage by disease and insect, be implanted into the container cup of 22 cm × 24 cm, limit is put nursery stock limit maternal plant matrix and is filled up container cup, by 8 container cup a line, 80 row one furrow closely discharge, drench 600～1000 times of aqueous solution diseases preventions of carbendazol wettable powder of spraying 80% after normal root water, plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.8 %, drenched and execute the Russian composite fertilizer of containing weight 1.2 % every 15 days later, after plantation 65 days, more than maternal plant grows to high 20 cm, leading thread 1.5 mm cut at 10～15 cm places overhead and cut by profit when above, preferably retain 1～2 pair of complete leaf, after pinching, drench the Canadian import potash fertilizer of executing Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure+0.3 % that contains weight 0.8 %, after growing to high 20 cm, rudiment stops supplying water, promote rudiment bar lignification, each collection after fringe bar, the auxin of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution+0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator that spray contains weight 0.2～0.3 % immediately, and apply according to a conventional method the Canadian import potash fertilizer of Russian import composite fertilizer+0.5 % that contains weight 1.0 %, sprayed according to a conventional method 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of carbendazol wettable powder or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of 85 % zineb pulvis or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution sprayings of 85% thiophanate methyl pulvis of 80 % every 7～10 days, the diseases prevention of several medicament cross-reference, when damaged by vermin, spray according to a conventional method 1000 times of desinsections of 25 % Imidacloprid wetting powders.。First stir and pack in cuttage vessel cup as cutting medium with the weight portion of 50 parts of yellow soils, 50 parts of fine sands, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cutting bed, cuttage the previous day is with 2.5 % potassium permanganate disinfections according to a conventional method; Gather healthy and strong anosis worm, length is that 21 cm, leading thread 1.5 cm, complete lignified rudiment side shoot are as cuttings, cuttings is pruned with sharp scissors or scalpel in shady and cool place, ensure that every cuttings has 4 more than bud, except down staying at growing point 3 complete leaves, remaining is erased, the leaf retaining, from more than petiole 2.5 cm cutting, then is cut into angle shape by cuttings lower end from eye 1 cm place; Section under cuttings is inserted to " APT " add water aqueous solution of being made into 300～400 ppm to be added and in talcum powder furnishing pasty state, carries out routine immersion, by cuttings cuttage in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 3.5 cm, the normal root water of drenching, mixes and sprays cuttings with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine and 0.1～0.2 % or compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator.After cuttage, cover according to a conventional method moisturizing with plastic film, add a cover shade net, plastic film, shade net surrounding dirt seal; In cutting bed, air humidity is 85～95 %, opens film, shade net ventilation, spray medicine, trickle every 10～12 days; Be sprayed on cuttings blade after evenly with the mixed liquor of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine and 0.1～0.2 % or 0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator, after 0.5 h, reseal plastic film, shade net; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to, high 40 cm of complete stalwartness are above, the above sugar-apple nursery stock of leading thread 6 mm, and survival rate reaches 90 %.
Claims (8)
1. a sugar-apple cuttage breeding method, it is characterized in that: after comprising kind selection, seed collecting sowing, cultivation maternal plant, collection cuttings, cuttage and cuttage, manage operation, it is characterized in that: by selecting the A.P sugar-apple kind of large fruit, high-quality, gather planting seed, therefrom select the advantage nursery stock of good stalwartness to do maternal plant, maternal plant is cut to top, short the sprouting of control water fertilising, after rudiment lignification, make cuttage fringe bar, cuttage is after treatment in installing the container cup of matrix, cultivate cuttage seeding, the sugar-apple cuttage seeding that obtains good stalwartness, its operating procedure is as follows:
(1) kind is selected: the A.P sugar-apple kind of selecting large fruit, high-quality;
(2) sowing of collecting seed: select good stalwartness the custardapple tree in the full bearing period as seed collecting elite stand, collecting fruit, takes out seed clear water Xian clean, immediately seed is broadcast to the sowing furrow of having put in order having mixed sowing media;
(3) cultivate maternal plant: select the healthy and strong seedling of high-quality as maternal plant, be planted in the container cup of having loaded culture matrix, drench 600～1000 times of aqueous solution diseases preventions of carbendazol wettable powder of spraying 80 % after normal root water, plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.6 %, drenched and execute the Russian composite fertilizer of containing weight 0.8～1.2 % every 15 days later, after plantation 60～70 days, pinch, control water, fertilising, promotes rudiment bar lignification, each collection after fringe bar, immediately with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution+0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator spraying that contains weight 0.2～0.3 %, and apply according to a conventional method the Canadian import potash fertilizer of Russian import composite fertilizer+0.3～0.5 % that contains weight 1.0 %, every 7～10 days, spray according to a conventional method 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of carbendazol wettable powder or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution of 85 % zineb pulvis or 600～1000 times of aqueous solution sprayings of 85 % thiophanate methyl pulvis of 80 %, the diseases prevention of several medicament cross-reference, when damaged by vermin, spray according to a conventional method 1000 times of aqueous insecticides of 25 % Imidacloprid wetting powders,
(4) gather cuttings: gather lignification budling as cuttage cuttings, prune cuttage cuttings;
(5) cuttage: first cutting medium is packed in cuttage vessel cup, then cuttage vessel cup is placed on cutting bed, cuttage the previous day is with the disinfection according to a conventional method of 2.5% potassium permanganate; Section under cuttage cuttings is inserted in the somatotropin that the aqueous solution that is made into 300～400 ppm of adding water adds talcum powder furnishing pasty state again and carries out routine immersion, again by the cuttage of cuttage cuttings in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 2.5～3.5 cm, the normal root water of drenching, sprays cuttings with the mixed liquor of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine+0.1～0.2 % or 0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator;
(6) after cuttage, manage: after cuttage, cover according to a conventional method moisturizing with plastic film, add a cover shade net, plastic film, shade net surrounding dirt seal; In cutting bed, air humidity is 85～95 %, opens film, shade net ventilation, spray medicine, trickle every 10～12 days; Be sprayed on cuttings blade with the mixed liquor of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that contains weight 0.2～0.4 % hymexazol medicine+0.1～0.2 % or 0.1 % compound sodium nitrophenolate plant growth regulator, after 0.5 h, reseal plastic film, shade net; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to the new sugar-apple plant of complete stalwartness.
2. a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sowing media described in described seed collecting sowing step be mix by the raw material of following weight portion formulated, wherein: 60～70 parts of yellow soils; 30～40 parts of fine sands.
3. a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described collecting fruit is first maturation, the fruit of long 13 cm above, more than wide 7 cm, more than thick 5 cm.
4. a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described maternal plant culture medium mixes formulated by the raw material of following weight portion, wherein: 30～40 parts of yellow soils; 40～50 parts, mellow soil; 10～15 parts of pool muds; 5～10 parts, chicken manure stack retting material.
5. a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cutting medium mixes formulated by the raw material of following weight portion, comprising: 1) true yellow cubsoil; 2) yellow soil 1 weight portion; Coconut palm chaff 1 weight portion; 3) yellow soil 1 weight portion; Fine sand 1 weight portion.
6. a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (3) cultivate the healthy and strong seedling of the selection high-quality described in maternal plant be select first to sprout to grow fine, high 7 cm are above, leading thread 1.1 mm are above, without the seedling of damage by disease and insect.
7. a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (3) is cultivated pinching described in maternal plant, control water, fertilising be more than maternal plant grows to high 20 cm, leading thread 1.5 mm cut at 10～15 cm places overhead and cut by profit when above, preferably retain 1～2 pair of complete leaf, after pinching, drench the Canadian import potash fertilizer of executing Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure+0.3 % that contains weight 0.5～0.8 %, after high 20 cm are grown in rudiment, stop supplying water, promote rudiment bar lignification.
8. a kind of sugar-apple cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is that the healthy and strong anosis worm of collection, length are that 21～25 cm, leading thread 1.5～2.0 mm, complete lignified rudiment side shoot are cuttings that step (4) gathers the cuttage cuttings described in cuttings; Described pruning cuttage cuttings method is: the cuttings gathering is pruned to cuttings in shady and cool place with sharp scissors or scalpel, ensure that every cuttings has 4 more than bud, except down staying at growing point 3 complete leaves, remaining is erased, the leaf retaining, from more than base portion 2.5 cm cutting, then is cut into angle shape by cuttings lower end from eye 1cm place.
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