CN106332710A - Northern open field culture method for blueberries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a northern open field culture method for blueberries. The northern open field culture method is characterized by comprising the steps of species selection, seedling breeding, determination of a density, land preparation, planting, underground management, prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage, pruning, wintering and frost protection and removal of winter protection substance. According to the northern open field culture method for the blueberries, the local natural resources can be fully used; the adopted method is simple and convenient to implement; meanwhile, the adopted steps are definite, and most planters can understand the steps conveniently; the northern open field culture method is easy to popularize and suitable for most districts in the north, and outstanding economic benefits can be achieved.

Description

A kind of northern open field culture method of blueberry

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, the northern open field culture method of more particularly, to a kind of blueberry.

Background technology

Blueberry, scientific name cowberry, is perennial deciduous fruit tree, in shrub.Blueberry is in blueness for berry, subcircular, and pulp is fine and smooth, and seed is minimum, sweet acid appropriateness, has fragrant refreshing pleasant fragrance.Blueberry nutrition is very abundant, rich in superoxide dismutase (sod), it is the scavenger removing human body surplus oxygen radical, it not only has good nutrition health-care functions, also have and prevent cranial nerve aging, the function such as cardiac stimulant, anticancer, softening blood vessel, enhancing function of human body immunity.Blueberry not only has higher nutritive value, and has higher economic worth, is the Third Class Fruit-tree kind that world development the most rapidly integrates nutrition and health care in recent years, the fashionable developed country such as American-European-Japanese.America ＆ Canada is the cradle of blueberry planting industry and processing industry.The blueberry sustained production of the Japan in the Poland in Europe and Asia increases.Because domestic and international market is increasing to the demand of blueberry berry, the Changbaishan area in Liaoning Province of north of China and Jilin Province establishes blueberry industry production base, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Zoology is introduced a fine variety blueberry from beginning in 1988 from the U.S. and is carried out cultivation research, filter out the improved seeds of suitable southern area of China cultivation, in recent years, Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province occurs in that the planting base cultivating blueberry in blocks, and because blueberry is shallow root system plant, root system is undeveloped, unrooted hair, root is very thin, in threadiness, root system mean level distribution is in the drop shadow spread of tree crown, vertical distribution is in 5cm～45cm.Blueberry likes acid ground, the ph too high growth that be unfavorable in blueberry extremely sensitive to soil ph value.Soil ph value is too high, often causes blueberry growth retardation, leaf chlorosis, result bad.Most of blueberries can in the acid sandy soil of ph3.5～5.5 normal growth, but different blueberry kinds is also different to soil ph claimed range.The suitable soil ph of blueberry is 4.8～5.2, and is best with 4.5～4.8；Blueberry requires well-grown in the high soil of the content of organic matter.Ability healthy growth in 3% soil must be reached in the content of organic matter, and American blueberry is grown in the soil that the content of organic matter reaches 8%～12%.Therefore soil improvement is highly important link in blueberry cultivation work.According to the requirement to soil for the blueberry, in domestic and international blueberry cultivation, mainly both ways, one is the regulation to soil acidity or alkalinity for soil improvement work, and two is to improve soil organic matter content.

Content of the invention

The purpose of the technology invention is to provide the blueberry cultivation supporting technology of economical and convenient, in order to accelerate the development of blueberry production, thus createing huge economic benefit and social benefit.

The technical solution used in the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Fruit variety: half high clump kind north land, blue, the holy cloud in north, Bei Cun；

(2) seedling-wood breeding, its process is as follows:

A, the collection of cutting is hidden with husky, cutting is in cold-proof front collection of surviving the winter, requirement must gather cutting on the maternal plant of robust growth, adopted cutting no disease pest harm, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high, collection cutting press 50/bundle～100/bundle, it is placed in the shade calm place, then lower half is embedded in clean river sand, the humidity requirement of river sand is held with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and dissipate just, after cutting blade falls light substantially, again cutting is moved in cellar and uprightly put, buried with clean wet river sand, require the one layer of cutting of one layer of river sand, the tip of holding cutting is micro- to reveal；

B, cuttage, in late January in next year, directly carry out cuttage with the nutritive cube of diameter 12cm, high 15cm in heliogreenhouse；Remove, after the husky cutting hidden is taken out, the river sand being bonded in cutting, and cut off the top part relatively low compared with thin or maturity, then cutting is cut into 8cm/ section～10 cm/ section, upper clip is away from every section of cutting topmost bud top 0.5cm～1.0cm, lower clip is disregarded, and each cutting must assure that topmost bud is full, the cutting lower end shearing is stained with after 20 seconds to 30 seconds in root-growing agent and carries out being inserted directly in nutritive cube, root-growing agent selects Sichuan to produce state's light board, and every gram is watered 500g～750g；Every cube of soil mixes 200g～300g Cosan, in Nutrition Soil whipping process, is produced from 800 times～1000 times liquid Jiangyin carbendazim and is constantly sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and will mix thoroughly, nutritive soil preparation humidity will be kept held with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and dissipate just；

C, dress, first river sand: turf is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:2～3 is contained in nutritive cube bottom, depth 5cm～6cm, then cutting is stood in nutritive cube center, again river sand: turf is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:1 is contained in nutritive cube top, keep the top of cutting basic with nutrition pot mouth one flat, the Nutrition Soil in nutritive cube after fetching water sinks reality will guarantee the micro- dew of cutting topmost bud；

D, the putting of nutritive cube: first spread the thick thicker river sand of 6cm～10cm in the place putting nutritive cube, start to put away from greenhouse base angle 0.6m～0.8m, width is in 1.0m～1.2m；

E, management: highest natural temperature in greenhouse to be kept in early stage, cutting sprout after in daytime greenhouse above nutritive cube 20cm temperature be less than 30 DEG C, maintain 24 DEG C～26 DEG C after lamina, sunshade net temperature control will be gone up mid-June；Humidity in nutritive cube to keep with hand hold can agglomerating, stretch out one's hand i.e. dissipate can, after lamina every 8 days to 10 days spray 600 times of liquid carbendazim；April starts to August part, monthly imposes composite fertilizer once, first squirts blade before pouring water, and then sprays dissolve in advance 150 times of compound solution watering cans one time, then is poured water；To hoe up weeds at any time during this period；Greenhouse cuttage survival rate 85%～95%, nursery stock then outplanting rate 70%～85%；

(3) plantation density, the seeding row spacing of field planting: half high clump kind is 1.0m × 2.0m or 1.0m × 2.5m；Short clump kind is 0.5m × 2.0m or 0.5m × 1.2m × 2.0m；

(4) site preparation, blueberry suitable growth, in sandy soil, must not be planted blueberry in waterlogged lowland, clayed ground, raked in ground, waits to plant in the autumn upper one year of cultivation；

(5) plant, before and after Clear and Bright, field planting line-spacing is first got ready in whole for last year good ground, then draw a straight line between every row two ends field planting point, the blueberry seedling with Nutrition Soil is put by spacing in the rows requirement in online side, the high high-quality in more than 30cm of the stem of seedling is through the seedling of dormancy of surviving the winter, surrounding in seedling is spread training fertilizer and is made a truncated cone-shaped again, the preparation of fertilizer is: the ratio that sand soil is prepared is the sandy loam of the become thoroughly decomposed stalk blending 1.5 times～2.0 times broken with hay cutter hand hay cutter, and loam ground and clayed ground hay cutter cut up with a hay cutter the river sand that the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed admixes 2 times to 3 times；The ratio that sand soil is prepared also can use the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times of oxen and horses excrement blending, the ratio of loam ground and clayed ground preparation is the river sand that the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or oxen and horses excrement admix 2 times to 3 times, spread a circle Cosan 8-12g/ strain in the bottom of round platform, but make sure to keep in mind Cosan and using excess or spread fertilizer over the fields inequality, Cosan using excess or spreads fertilizer over the fields inequality and can produce burn seedlings, the blade that its symptom initial stage causes like arid is rubescent, carefully see and can find that vein is rubescent, and once shaking, one it is found that burn seedlings by killed seedling surrounding soil removal and replacement replanting or can be watered to slow down the extent of injury, then furrow are done, the high about 10cm～15cm equal with nutritive cube of furrow, furrow width 90cm～100cm, at once unregistered land film is covered after carrying out furrow, seedling base portion is tight with grave；

Early June will tear mulch film the circle of one a diameter of 50cm centered on seedling, and every plant is spread fertilizer over the fields ammonium sulfate 20g～25g, is then covered by being not less than the broken stalk of 10cm thickness hay cutter hand hay cutter；

September 20 days starts between strain ditching basal dressing in the same direction, and furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～

30cm, the preparation of base manure is: lower for the projection of strain clump covering is all put into ditch, if not can be more additional, then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer again, to sandy loam consumption 10kg～15kg/6672, loam and clay, in addition to using Stanley board composite fertilizer, also will apply river sand 1.0m3～2.0m3/6672；

After Second Year blueberry goes out cold-proof thing to be unearthed, no longer covering film, but stalks mulching, whether topdress, basal dressing requirement is carried out between strain, the species of fertilizer, consumption are ibid, topdress, spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in mid-April to late April, basal dressing, from the beginning of September 20 days, completes soil improvement between strain in two years；

Manage the same best fruiting period within 3rd year；

Blueberry cultivation has a small amount of result then, and in 20%～50%, the 3rd annual production in 180kg～240kg/6672, the 4th annual production, in 500kg～600kg/6672, enters the best fruiting period to the second annual bearing strain rate；

(6) underground management, after blueberry goes cold-proof thing to be unearthed, imposes ammonium sulfate it is desirable to best fruiting period strain clump 20kg～30kg/6672 in mid-April to late April plane ditch；Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in strain Cong Sizhou，Consumption 10kg～15kg/6672，This consumption is suitable for soil ph value 5.5～6.5、Annual rainfall is in the area of 1000mm～1200mm，Annual rainfall is less than cutting down according to the circumstance of this，Late April is to carrying out improving straw mulching under strain clump at the beginning of 5 months，Its cladding thickness is not less than 10cm，The fallen flowers phase is to Fruit，I.e. June first arrival imposes Stanley board composite fertilizer mid-June under covering，Consumption 10kg～15kg/6672，After fruit harvesting，Prolong at strain clump projection row to、Covering is all put into ditch in the both sides ditching of strain clump，Furrow width 30cm～35cm，Ditch depth 25cm～30cm，Then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer again，To sandy loam consumption 15kg～20kg/6672,Loam and clay are in addition to using Stanley board composite fertilizer，River sand 2.0m3～4.0m3/6672 also will be applied,Until improvement is to sandy loam，Strive for the 3rd、Complete within 4th year the soil improvement to both sides for plant Cong Yan row，5th year starts，In addition to topdressing by yield，To keep every year under strain clump being not less than the thick improving straw mulching thing of 10cm，The management of moisture is with conventional；

The intertillage of blueberry is hoed up weeds and is taken both of which: one kind is to hoe up weeds in row, inter-row green covering, and August cradled 3 times～4 times with brush cutter before 20 days, natural plant height is kept to be less than 20cm, August end uses a herbicide, and herbicide must be reached using agriculture, Kirchhoff integral, and dosage presses product description；One kind is to hoe up weeds in row, 3 years strawberries of planting in the ranks, falls strawberry rake, by a kind of upper mode treatment within the 4th year；

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, has gray mold, blossom rot, leaf spot, spot disease in the disease of north harm blueberry；Insect pest has chafer, fall webworms, aphid, red spider；

Environment-friendly integrated control: spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim in blueberry squaring period and mix 500 times～800 times liquid matrines, after 7 days～10 days, then spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim and mix 5000

Times liquid AVM；8000 times～10000 times liquid lucky stars are sprayed when fruit starts to expand；The big life of 600 times～800 times liquid is continuously sprayed secondary after fruit harvesting,Every minor tick 7 days～10 days，Also can be with seeing with grabbing for fall webworms，Also the just Sheng phase can occurred to be slaughtered with dt-15p projection-type disinsection lamp for chafer，Installation method presses product description，For increasing insecticidal effect，A diameter 1.5m～2.0m is dug again under lamp、The hole of deep 15cm～20cm，Hole bottom will be put down、Outer rim is vertical，Plastic greenhouse film to be spread in hole，Water 5cm～the 6cm in cheating will be kept daily，To remove worm residuum in hole in time，But when will be strict controlled in 19 in use time～21 when for chafer larva grub，Before mid or late July to the beginning of autumn, muscardine can be pressed product description dosage，In overcast and rainy、After rain、Spread fertilizer over the fields under covering during morning and evening high humidity，Accomplish to be used while allocating；

(8) pruning, cultivated in north blueberry, the 3 years main tasks after cultivation are the buds away from ground 30cm for the branch of erasing, do not allow formation branch, after result gradually removing the branch away from ground 50cm～70cm to survive the winter cold-proof；Enter the best fruiting period, branch age can be answered posting in time ground to cut by the branch more than 5 years, with diameter greater than 2.5cm after fruit harvesting, cold-proof front removal sick branch, hinder branch, after surviving the winter, every plant of clump keeps 6～8 fruitful branches, every plant of clump will be trimmed to hemispherical, general branch forms bud in 2 years, and when therefore pruning, every plant of clump will consider to stay 2～5 annual branches；

(9) survive the winter cold-proof, north overwhelming majority area plant blueberries be required for surviving the winter cold-proof, the cold-proof time October 25 to November early and middle ten dayses, specific practice is:

October 25 started to overwhelm blueberry plant in front and back, a people is while cover forward to two layback plastic woven cloths on one side, one people in back one side is by irregular steps to plastic woven cloth both sides firming, plastic woven cloth coverage direction is in opposite direction with what blueberry plant overwhelmed, does not otherwise cover, and first overwhelms first strain, plastic woven cloth covers last point, overwhelm second plant again, then plastic woven cloth covers last point again, by that analogy；

Early November, can disposably press tight when soil night freezing daytime, thickness of earth covering top is not less than 1.5cm, and plastic woven cloth will be wholly embedded in soil, it is to avoid accelerated ageing；

(10) remove cold-proof thing, the morning and evening that cold-proof thing goes directly affects works as annual production, remove early easily stripping, Bud Cold Damage, go late easily to touch off bud and consume nutrition and ultimately result in and subtract, first remove anti-dry frozen ground in late March, take off plastic woven cloth after Clear and Bright, after taking off, the soil on plastic woven cloth is shaked off, folded, be placed on and preserve at lucifuge；After blueberry is unearthed, to open loose for branch and cut because of the cold-proof branch damaging by pressure in time, it is to avoid crowded in heaps, the impact growth of branch.

Due to employing above-mentioned technology, be allowed to compared with prior art specific positive beneficial effect is the present invention:

1st, the method applied in the present invention is simple, facilitates implementation.

2nd, step of the present invention clearly, is easy to vast plantation dealer and is understood.

3rd, the present invention can obtain distinct economic.

4th, the present invention is easy to spread, is suitable for north most area.

5th, the present invention can make full use of local natural resources.

Brief description

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention include but is not limited to the following example.

Embodiment: to achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Fruit variety: half high clump kind north land, blue, the holy cloud in north, Bei Cun；

(2) seedling-wood breeding, its process is as follows:

A, the collection of cutting is hidden with husky, cutting is in cold-proof front collection of surviving the winter, requirement must gather cutting on the maternal plant of robust growth, adopted cutting no disease pest harm, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high, collection cutting press 50/bundle～100/bundle, it is placed in the shade calm place, then lower half is embedded in clean river sand, the humidity requirement of river sand is held with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and dissipate just, after cutting blade falls light substantially, again cutting is moved in cellar and uprightly put, buried with clean wet river sand, require the one layer of cutting of one layer of river sand, the tip of holding cutting is micro- to reveal；

B, cuttage, in late January in next year, directly carry out cuttage with the nutritive cube of diameter 12cm, high 15cm in heliogreenhouse；Remove, after the husky cutting hidden is taken out, the river sand being bonded in cutting, and cut off the top part relatively low compared with thin or maturity, then cutting is cut into 8cm/ section～10 cm/ section, upper clip is away from every section of cutting topmost bud top 0.5cm～1.0cm, lower clip is disregarded, and each cutting must assure that topmost bud is full, the cutting lower end shearing is stained with after 20 seconds to 30 seconds in root-growing agent and carries out being inserted directly in nutritive cube, root-growing agent selects Sichuan to produce state's light board, and every gram is watered 500g～750g；Every cube of soil mixes 200g～300g Cosan, in Nutrition Soil whipping process, is produced from 800 times～1000 times liquid Jiangyin carbendazim and is constantly sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and will mix thoroughly, nutritive soil preparation humidity will be kept held with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and dissipate just；

C, dress, first river sand: turf is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:2～3 is contained in nutritive cube bottom, depth 5cm～6cm, then cutting is stood in nutritive cube center, again river sand: turf is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:1 is contained in nutritive cube top, keep the top of cutting basic with nutrition pot mouth one flat, the Nutrition Soil in nutritive cube after fetching water sinks reality will guarantee the micro- dew of cutting topmost bud；

D, the putting of nutritive cube: first spread the thick thicker river sand of 6cm～10cm in the place putting nutritive cube, start to put away from greenhouse base angle 0.6m～0.8m, width is in 1.0m～1.2m；

E, management: highest natural temperature in greenhouse to be kept in early stage, cutting sprout after in daytime greenhouse above nutritive cube 20cm temperature be less than 30 DEG C, maintain 24 DEG C～26 DEG C after lamina, sunshade net temperature control will be gone up mid-June；Humidity in nutritive cube to keep with hand hold can agglomerating, stretch out one's hand i.e. dissipate can, after lamina every 8 days to 10 days spray 600 times of liquid carbendazim；April starts to August part, monthly imposes composite fertilizer once, first squirts blade before pouring water, and then sprays dissolve in advance 150 times of compound solution watering cans one time, then is poured water；To hoe up weeds at any time during this period；Greenhouse cuttage survival rate 85%～95%, nursery stock then outplanting rate 70%～85%；

(3) plantation density, the seeding row spacing of field planting: half high clump kind is 1.0m × 2.0m or 1.0m × 2.5m；Short clump kind is 0.5m × 2.0m or 0.5m × 1.2m × 2.0m；

(4) site preparation, blueberry suitable growth, in sandy soil, must not be planted blueberry in waterlogged lowland, clayed ground, raked in ground, waits to plant in the autumn upper one year of cultivation；

(5) plant, before and after Clear and Bright, field planting line-spacing is first got ready in whole for last year good ground, then draw a straight line between every row two ends field planting point, the blueberry seedling with Nutrition Soil is put by spacing in the rows requirement in online side, the high high-quality in more than 30cm of the stem of seedling is through the seedling of dormancy of surviving the winter, surrounding in seedling is spread training fertilizer and is made a truncated cone-shaped again, the preparation of fertilizer is: the ratio that sand soil is prepared is the sandy loam of the become thoroughly decomposed stalk blending 1.5 times～2.0 times broken with hay cutter hand hay cutter, and loam ground and clayed ground hay cutter cut up with a hay cutter the river sand that the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed admixes 2 times to 3 times；The ratio that sand soil is prepared also can use the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times of oxen and horses excrement blending, the ratio of loam ground and clayed ground preparation is the river sand that the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or oxen and horses excrement admix 2 times to 3 times, spread a circle Cosan 8-12g/ strain in the bottom of round platform, but make sure to keep in mind Cosan and using excess or spread fertilizer over the fields inequality, Cosan using excess or spreads fertilizer over the fields inequality and can produce burn seedlings, the blade that its symptom initial stage causes like arid is rubescent, carefully see and can find that vein is rubescent, and once shaking, one it is found that burn seedlings by killed seedling surrounding soil removal and replacement replanting or can be watered to slow down the extent of injury, then furrow are done, the high about 10cm～15cm equal with nutritive cube of furrow, furrow width 90cm～100cm, at once unregistered land film is covered after carrying out furrow, seedling base portion is tight with grave；

Early June will tear mulch film the circle of one a diameter of 50cm centered on seedling, and every plant is spread fertilizer over the fields ammonium sulfate 20g～25g, is then covered by being not less than the broken stalk of 10cm thickness hay cutter hand hay cutter；

September 20 days starts between strain ditching basal dressing in the same direction, and furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～

30cm, the preparation of base manure is: lower for the projection of strain clump covering is all put into ditch, if not can be more additional, then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer again, to sandy loam consumption 10kg～15kg/6672, loam and clay, in addition to using Stanley board composite fertilizer, also will apply river sand 1.0m3～2.0m3/6672；

After Second Year blueberry goes out cold-proof thing to be unearthed, no longer covering film, but stalks mulching, whether topdress, basal dressing requirement is carried out between strain, the species of fertilizer, consumption are ibid, topdress, spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in mid-April to late April, basal dressing, from the beginning of September 20 days, completes soil improvement between strain in two years；

Manage the same best fruiting period within 3rd year；

Blueberry cultivation has a small amount of result then, and in 20%～50%, the 3rd annual production in 180kg～240kg/6672, the 4th annual production, in 500kg～600kg/6672, enters the best fruiting period to the second annual bearing strain rate；

(6) underground management, after blueberry goes cold-proof thing to be unearthed, imposes ammonium sulfate it is desirable to best fruiting period strain clump 20kg～30kg/6672 in mid-April to late April plane ditch；Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in strain Cong Sizhou，Consumption 10kg～15kg/6672，This consumption is suitable for soil ph value 5.5～6.5、Annual rainfall is in the area of 1000mm～1200mm，Annual rainfall is less than cutting down according to the circumstance of this，Late April is to carrying out improving straw mulching under strain clump at the beginning of 5 months，Its cladding thickness is not less than 10cm，The fallen flowers phase is to Fruit，I.e. June first arrival imposes Stanley board composite fertilizer mid-June under covering，Consumption 10kg～15kg/6672，After fruit harvesting，Prolong at strain clump projection row to、Covering is all put into ditch in the both sides ditching of strain clump，Furrow width 30cm～35cm，Ditch depth 25cm～30cm，Then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer again，To sandy loam consumption 15kg～20kg/6672,Loam and clay are in addition to using Stanley board composite fertilizer，River sand 2.0m3～4.0m3/6672 also will be applied,Until improvement is to sandy loam，Strive for the 3rd、Complete within 4th year the soil improvement to both sides for plant Cong Yan row，5th year starts，In addition to topdressing by yield，To keep every year under strain clump being not less than the thick improving straw mulching thing of 10cm，The management of moisture is with conventional；

The intertillage of blueberry is hoed up weeds and is taken both of which: one kind is to hoe up weeds in row, inter-row green covering, and August cradled 3 times～4 times with brush cutter before 20 days, natural plant height is kept to be less than 20cm, August end uses a herbicide, and herbicide must be reached using agriculture, Kirchhoff integral, and dosage presses product description；One kind is to hoe up weeds in row, 3 years strawberries of planting in the ranks, falls strawberry rake, by a kind of upper mode treatment within the 4th year；

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, has gray mold, blossom rot, leaf spot, spot disease in the disease of north harm blueberry；Insect pest has chafer, fall webworms, aphid, red spider；

Environment-friendly integrated control: spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim in blueberry squaring period and mix 500 times～800 times liquid matrines, after 7 days～10 days, then spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim and mix 5000

Times liquid AVM；8000 times～10000 times liquid lucky stars are sprayed when fruit starts to expand；The big life of 600 times～800 times liquid is continuously sprayed secondary after fruit harvesting,Every minor tick 7 days～10 days，Also can be with seeing with grabbing for fall webworms，Also the just Sheng phase can occurred to be slaughtered with dt-15p projection-type disinsection lamp for chafer，Installation method presses product description，For increasing insecticidal effect，A diameter 1.5m～2.0m is dug again under lamp、The hole of deep 15cm～20cm，Hole bottom will be put down、Outer rim is vertical，Plastic greenhouse film to be spread in hole，Water 5cm～the 6cm in cheating will be kept daily，To remove worm residuum in hole in time，But when will be strict controlled in 19 in use time～21 when for chafer larva grub，Before mid or late July to the beginning of autumn, muscardine can be pressed product description dosage，In overcast and rainy、After rain、Spread fertilizer over the fields under covering during morning and evening high humidity，Accomplish to be used while allocating；

(8) pruning, cultivated in north blueberry, the 3 years main tasks after cultivation are the buds away from ground 30cm for the branch of erasing, do not allow formation branch, after result gradually removing the branch away from ground 50cm～70cm to survive the winter cold-proof；Enter the best fruiting period, branch age can be answered posting in time ground to cut by the branch more than 5 years, with diameter greater than 2.5cm after fruit harvesting, cold-proof front removal sick branch, hinder branch, after surviving the winter, every plant of clump keeps 6～8 fruitful branches, every plant of clump will be trimmed to hemispherical, general branch forms bud in 2 years, and when therefore pruning, every plant of clump will consider to stay 2～5 annual branches；

(9) survive the winter cold-proof, north overwhelming majority area plant blueberries be required for surviving the winter cold-proof, the cold-proof time October 25 to November early and middle ten dayses, specific practice is:

October 25 started to overwhelm blueberry plant in front and back, a people is while cover forward to two layback plastic woven cloths on one side, one people in back one side is by irregular steps to plastic woven cloth both sides firming, plastic woven cloth coverage direction is in opposite direction with what blueberry plant overwhelmed, does not otherwise cover, and first overwhelms first strain, plastic woven cloth covers last point, overwhelm second plant again, then plastic woven cloth covers last point again, by that analogy；

Early November, can disposably press tight when soil night freezing daytime, thickness of earth covering top is not less than 1.5cm, and plastic woven cloth will be wholly embedded in soil, it is to avoid accelerated ageing；

(10) remove cold-proof thing, the morning and evening that cold-proof thing goes directly affects works as annual production, remove early easily stripping, Bud Cold Damage, go late easily to touch off bud and consume nutrition and ultimately result in and subtract, first remove anti-dry frozen ground in late March, take off plastic woven cloth after Clear and Bright, after taking off, the soil on plastic woven cloth is shaked off, folded, be placed on and preserve at lucifuge；After blueberry is unearthed, to open loose for branch and cut because of the cold-proof branch damaging by pressure in time, it is to avoid crowded in heaps, the impact growth of branch.

Above one embodiment of the present of invention is described in detail, but described content has been only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention it is impossible to be considered the practical range for limiting the present invention.All impartial changes made according to the present patent application scope and improvement etc., all should still belong within the patent covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the northern open field culture method of a kind of blueberry, its feature comprises the following steps:

(1) Fruit variety: half high clump kind north land, blue, the holy cloud in north, Bei Cun；

(2) seedling-wood breeding, its process is as follows:

A, the collection of cutting is hidden with husky, cutting is in cold-proof front collection of surviving the winter, requirement must gather cutting on the maternal plant of robust growth, adopted cutting no disease pest harm, healthy and strong, bud is full and maturity is high, collection cutting press 50/bundle～100/bundle, it is placed in the shade calm place, then lower half is embedded in clean river sand, the humidity requirement of river sand is held with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and dissipate just, after cutting blade falls light substantially, again cutting is moved in cellar and uprightly put, buried with clean wet river sand, require the one layer of cutting of one layer of river sand, the tip of holding cutting is micro- to reveal；

B, cuttage, in late January in next year, directly carry out cuttage with the nutritive cube of diameter 12cm, high 15cm in heliogreenhouse；Remove, after the husky cutting hidden is taken out, the river sand being bonded in cutting, and cut off the top part relatively low compared with thin or maturity, then cutting is cut into 8cm/ section～10 cm/ section, upper clip is away from every section of cutting topmost bud top 0.5cm～1.0cm, lower clip is disregarded, and each cutting must assure that topmost bud is full, the cutting lower end shearing is stained with after 20 seconds to 30 seconds in root-growing agent and carries out being inserted directly in nutritive cube, root-growing agent selects Sichuan to produce state's light board, and every gram is watered 500g～750g；Every cube of soil mixes 200g～300g Cosan, in Nutrition Soil whipping process, is produced from 800 times～1000 times liquid Jiangyin carbendazim and is constantly sprayed onto on Nutrition Soil, and will mix thoroughly, nutritive soil preparation humidity will be kept held with hand can be agglomerating, stretch out one's hand and dissipate just；

C, dress, first river sand: turf is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:2～3 is contained in nutritive cube bottom, depth 5cm～6cm, then cutting is stood in nutritive cube center, again river sand: turf is that the Nutrition Soil of 1:1 is contained in nutritive cube top, keep the top of cutting basic with nutrition pot mouth one flat, the Nutrition Soil in nutritive cube after fetching water sinks reality will guarantee the micro- dew of cutting topmost bud；

D, the putting of nutritive cube: first spread the thick thicker river sand of 6cm～10cm in the place putting nutritive cube, start to put away from greenhouse base angle 0.6m～0.8m, width is in 1.0m～1.2m；

E, management: highest natural temperature in greenhouse to be kept in early stage, cutting sprout after in daytime greenhouse above nutritive cube 20cm temperature be less than 30 DEG C, maintain 24 DEG C～26 DEG C after lamina, sunshade net temperature control will be gone up mid-June；Humidity in nutritive cube to keep with hand hold can agglomerating, stretch out one's hand i.e. dissipate can, after lamina every 8 days to 10 days spray 600 times of liquid carbendazim；April starts to August part, monthly imposes composite fertilizer once, first squirts blade before pouring water, and then sprays dissolve in advance 150 times of compound solution watering cans one time, then is poured water；To hoe up weeds at any time during this period；Greenhouse cuttage survival rate 85%～95%, nursery stock then outplanting rate 70%～85%；

(3) plantation density, the seeding row spacing of field planting: half high clump kind is 1.0m × 2.0m or 1.0m × 2.5m；Short clump kind is 0.5m × 2.0m or 0.5m × 1.2m × 2.0m；

(4) site preparation, blueberry suitable growth, in sandy soil, must not be planted blueberry in waterlogged lowland, clayed ground, raked in ground, waits to plant in the autumn upper one year of cultivation；

(5) plant, before and after Clear and Bright, field planting line-spacing is first got ready in whole for last year good ground, then draw a straight line between every row two ends field planting point, the blueberry seedling with Nutrition Soil is put by spacing in the rows requirement in online side, the high high-quality in more than 30cm of the stem of seedling is through the seedling of dormancy of surviving the winter, surrounding in seedling is spread training fertilizer and is made a truncated cone-shaped again, the preparation of fertilizer is: the ratio that sand soil is prepared is the sandy loam of the become thoroughly decomposed stalk blending 1.5 times～2.0 times broken with hay cutter hand hay cutter, and loam ground and clayed ground hay cutter cut up with a hay cutter the river sand that the broken stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed admixes 2 times to 3 times；The ratio that sand soil is prepared also can use the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or the sandy loam of 1.5 times～2.0 times of oxen and horses excrement blending, the ratio of loam ground and clayed ground preparation is the river sand that the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed or oxen and horses excrement admix 2 times to 3 times, spread a circle Cosan 8-12g/ strain in the bottom of round platform, but make sure to keep in mind Cosan and using excess or spread fertilizer over the fields inequality, Cosan using excess or spreads fertilizer over the fields inequality and can produce burn seedlings, the blade that its symptom initial stage causes like arid is rubescent, carefully see and can find that vein is rubescent, and once shaking, one it is found that burn seedlings by killed seedling surrounding soil removal and replacement replanting or can be watered to slow down the extent of injury, then furrow are done, the high about 10cm～15cm equal with nutritive cube of furrow, furrow width 90cm～100cm, at once unregistered land film is covered after carrying out furrow, seedling base portion is tight with grave；

Early June will tear mulch film the circle of one a diameter of 50cm centered on seedling, and every plant is spread fertilizer over the fields ammonium sulfate 20g～25g, is then covered by being not less than the broken stalk of 10cm thickness hay cutter hand hay cutter；

September 20 days starts between strain ditching basal dressing in the same direction, and furrow width 30cm～35cm, ditch depth 25cm～

30cm, the preparation of base manure is: lower for the projection of strain clump covering is all put into ditch, if not can be more additional, then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer again, to sandy loam consumption 10kg～15kg/6672, loam and clay, in addition to using Stanley board composite fertilizer, also will apply river sand 1.0m3～2.0m3/6672；

After Second Year blueberry goes out cold-proof thing to be unearthed, no longer covering film, but stalks mulching, whether topdress, basal dressing requirement is carried out between strain, the species of fertilizer, consumption are ibid, topdress, spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in mid-April to late April, basal dressing, from the beginning of September 20 days, completes soil improvement between strain in two years；

Manage the same best fruiting period within 3rd year；

Blueberry cultivation has a small amount of result then, and in 20%～50%, the 3rd annual production in 180kg～240kg/6672, the 4th annual production, in 500kg～600kg/6672, enters the best fruiting period to the second annual bearing strain rate；

(6) underground management, after blueberry goes cold-proof thing to be unearthed, imposes ammonium sulfate it is desirable to best fruiting period strain clump 20kg～30kg/6672 in mid-April to late April plane ditch；Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields Cosan in strain Cong Sizhou，Consumption 10kg～15kg/6672，This consumption is suitable for soil ph value 5.5～6.5、Annual rainfall is in the area of 1000mm～1200mm，Annual rainfall is less than cutting down according to the circumstance of this，Late April is to carrying out improving straw mulching under strain clump at the beginning of 5 months，Its cladding thickness is not less than 10cm，The fallen flowers phase is to Fruit，I.e. June first arrival imposes Stanley board composite fertilizer mid-June under covering，Consumption 10kg～15kg/6672，After fruit harvesting，Prolong at strain clump projection row to、Covering is all put into ditch in the both sides ditching of strain clump，Furrow width 30cm～35cm，Ditch depth 25cm～30cm，Then directly apply Stanley board composite fertilizer again，To sandy loam consumption 15kg～20kg/6672,Loam and clay are in addition to using Stanley board composite fertilizer，River sand 2.0m3～4.0m3/6672 also will be applied,Until improvement is to sandy loam，Strive for the 3rd、Complete within 4th year the soil improvement to both sides for plant Cong Yan row，5th year starts，In addition to topdressing by yield，To keep every year under strain clump being not less than the thick improving straw mulching thing of 10cm，The management of moisture is with conventional；

The intertillage of blueberry is hoed up weeds and is taken both of which: one kind is to hoe up weeds in row, inter-row green covering, and August cradled 3 times～4 times with brush cutter before 20 days, natural plant height is kept to be less than 20cm, August end uses a herbicide, and herbicide must be reached using agriculture, Kirchhoff integral, and dosage presses product description；One kind is to hoe up weeds in row, 3 years strawberries of planting in the ranks, falls strawberry rake, by a kind of upper mode treatment within the 4th year；

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, has gray mold, blossom rot, leaf spot, spot disease in the disease of north harm blueberry；Insect pest has chafer, fall webworms, aphid, red spider；

Environment-friendly integrated control: spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim in blueberry squaring period and mix 500 times～800 times liquid matrines, after 7 days～10 days, then spray 500 times～600 times liquid of a carbendazim and mix 5000

Times liquid AVM；8000 times～10000 times liquid lucky stars are sprayed when fruit starts to expand；The big life of 600 times～800 times liquid is continuously sprayed secondary after fruit harvesting,Every minor tick 7 days～10 days，Also can be with seeing with grabbing for fall webworms，Also the just Sheng phase can occurred to be slaughtered with dt-15p projection-type disinsection lamp for chafer，Installation method presses product description，For increasing insecticidal effect，A diameter 1.5m～2.0m is dug again under lamp、The hole of deep 15cm～20cm，Hole bottom will be put down、Outer rim is vertical，Plastic greenhouse film to be spread in hole，Water 5cm～the 6cm in cheating will be kept daily，To remove worm residuum in hole in time，But when will be strict controlled in 19 in use time～21 when for chafer larva grub，Before mid or late July to the beginning of autumn, muscardine can be pressed product description dosage，In overcast and rainy、After rain、Spread fertilizer over the fields under covering during morning and evening high humidity，Accomplish to be used while allocating；

(8) pruning, cultivated in north blueberry, the 3 years main tasks after cultivation are the buds away from ground 30cm for the branch of erasing, do not allow formation branch, after result gradually removing the branch away from ground 50cm～70cm to survive the winter cold-proof；Enter the best fruiting period, branch age can be answered posting in time ground to cut by the branch more than 5 years, with diameter greater than 2.5cm after fruit harvesting, cold-proof front removal sick branch, hinder branch, after surviving the winter, every plant of clump keeps 6～8 fruitful branches, every plant of clump will be trimmed to hemispherical, general branch forms bud in 2 years, and when therefore pruning, every plant of clump will consider to stay 2～5 annual branches；

(9) survive the winter cold-proof, north overwhelming majority area plant blueberries be required for surviving the winter cold-proof, the cold-proof time October 25 to November early and middle ten dayses, specific practice is:

October 25 started to overwhelm blueberry plant in front and back, a people is while cover forward to two layback plastic woven cloths on one side, one people in back one side is by irregular steps to plastic woven cloth both sides firming, plastic woven cloth coverage direction is in opposite direction with what blueberry plant overwhelmed, does not otherwise cover, and first overwhelms first strain, plastic woven cloth covers last point, overwhelm second plant again, then plastic woven cloth covers last point again, by that analogy；

Early November, can disposably press tight when soil night freezing daytime, thickness of earth covering top is not less than 1.5cm, and plastic woven cloth will be wholly embedded in soil, it is to avoid accelerated ageing；

(10) remove cold-proof thing, the morning and evening that cold-proof thing goes directly affects works as annual production, remove early easily stripping, Bud Cold Damage, go late easily to touch off bud and consume nutrition and ultimately result in and subtract, first remove anti-dry frozen ground in late March, take off plastic woven cloth after Clear and Bright, after taking off, the soil on plastic woven cloth is shaked off, folded, be placed on and preserve at lucifuge；After blueberry is unearthed, to open loose for branch and cut because of the cold-proof branch damaging by pressure in time, it is to avoid crowded in heaps, the impact growth of branch.