CN109983934B - Walnut grafting and breeding method - Google Patents
Walnut grafting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109983934B CN109983934B CN201910430153.2A CN201910430153A CN109983934B CN 109983934 B CN109983934 B CN 109983934B CN 201910430153 A CN201910430153 A CN 201910430153A CN 109983934 B CN109983934 B CN 109983934B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
Abstract
The invention provides a walnut grafting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing soil 1 month before planting stock seedlings, and planting 20-25 plants per mu to prepare planting holes; (2) selecting a seedling with the ground diameter of 1.2-3 cm as a stock seedling; (3) selecting 1-year-old scions 2-3 months in the second year or before stock seedlings germinate; (4) grafting the walnut according to the selected stock and the selected scion; (5) and removing sprouts and loose binding after grafting, loosening soil, fertilizing, shaping and pruning and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. According to the method, the walnut seedlings are selected for planting nearby, a grafting mode of single-bud cutting grafting and bud grafting is adopted, and comprehensive management and protection measures such as scientific fertilization, timely irrigation, sapling shaping and trimming, pest control and the like are combined, so that the breeding and growth speed of the grafted seedlings can be effectively increased, the survival rate is increased, the breeding quality of improved seedlings and the quality of walnut fruits are further ensured, and the afforestation cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree and forest cultivation, in particular to a walnut grafting and breeding method.
Technical Field
The walnut is listed as the first of four major dried fruits in the world due to rich nutrition, unique flavor and various health care functions, and the good-quality walnut is popular with planting farmers and masses due to high yield and good quality.
In the northern low mountain deep dune area of the four Sichuan basin in the Xixi county, the walnut cultivated has a long history. The area of the walnut in the whole county is 4960hm2, and the walnut is produced every year at 5700 t. With the continuous increase of market quotations of walnuts, walnuts become more important industrial development directions. At present, in order to cultivate high-quality walnut varieties suitable for local growth, a grower often introduces scions and grafted seedlings blindly from other places, the scions and the seedlings lose a large amount of water through long-distance transportation, the survival rate of walnut grafting and planting is reduced by adopting the existing grafting, meanwhile, improper seedling selection and grafting mode can also cause low walnut grafting survival rate, the problems of irregular growth, late fruit setting, low yield, inconsistent nut quality and the like of walnut trees easily occur, and the walnut tree planting and breeding method is not favorable for walnut planting and economic development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low survival rate and the like of walnuts adopting the existing grafting mode, the invention provides a walnut grafting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a soil 1 month before planting the stock seedlings, planting 20-25 plants per mu, respectively placing the produced mature soil and raw soil, mixing base fertilizer and mature soil during planting, filling the mixture into the planting holes, and filling the mature soil around the planting holes to the positions 28-32 cm above the ground;
(2) selecting a seedling with the ground diameter of 1.2-3 cm as a stock seedling, planting the stock seedling in 11-12 months of the first year, pouring root fixing water after planting, covering soil to form a tree tray, and covering the tree tray with a film to grow;
(3) selecting 1 year-old scions 2-3 months in the second year or before stock seedlings sprout, wherein the thickness of the scions is equivalent to that of grafting openings of the stock seedlings, and then taking scion branch segments which are 3-5cm long and contain full buds, wherein the distance between bud eyes and the top ends of the branch segments is 0.5-1 cm;
(4) grafting the walnut according to the selected stock and the selected scion;
(5) and removing sprouts and loose binding after grafting, loosening soil, fertilizing, shaping and pruning and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Further, the invention relates to a walnut grafting breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
a. selecting forestation areas and clearing the forestation;
b. preparing soil before planting: preparing soil 1 month before planting stock seedlings, digging 20-25 plants per mu to form planting holes, respectively placing the produced ripe soil and raw soil, uniformly mixing base fertilizer and ripe soil during planting, filling the mixture into the middle lower parts of the planting holes, and filling the ripe soil around the planting holes into the planting holes to be 28-32 cm above the ground;
c. stock selection and planting: selecting a seedling with the local nursery land diameter of 1.2-3 cm as a stock seedling, planting the stock seedling in 11-12 months of the first year, watering sufficient root fixing water after planting, covering soil and stacking into a tree tray, and then covering with an agricultural film;
d. scion selection and grafting: selecting 1 year-old scions with robust scion bud growth, sufficient lignification and no disease or insect damage, wherein the thickness of the scions is the same as that of stock seedlings, the scions are 3-5cm long, 1 bud is reserved as a bud point, the scions are cut into shapes by adopting a single-bud cutting method and are tightly attached to a vertical cut in the stock in 2-3 months in the next year or before the stock seedlings sprout, then binding and fixing the scion bud points by using flexible plastic film strips and exposing the scion bud points, then cutting the scions into bud pieces by adopting a bud grafting method in 5-6 months in the same year, then attaching the bud pieces into the stock junctions, enabling the bud pieces and the stock to be tightly attached to each other, and binding the bud pieces by using the flexible plastic film strips to obtain grafted seedlings;
e. and (4) management after connection: and timely removing sprouts and loose ties after grafting, and regularly loosening soil and fertilizing, shaping and pruning and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
In another specific embodiment, the single-bud cutting grafting method is to draw down 1-2 water flowing grooves with the width of about 1-2mm and the depth reaching xylem from the rhizosphere of the stock seedling within 12 hours before grafting, and then to remove the bleeding sap. Then, the upper end of the stock seedling is cut off by scissors from the position 10-20cm or 1m away from the ground and cut into a slightly inclined cross section. And vertically cutting a cambium of a smooth cut with the width and length being 3-4 cm corresponding to the thickness of the scion at a straight position to be jointed on the lower edge of the section, keeping a tender cortex, and simultaneously pulling a notch with the length being 3-5cm to the xylem to remove the bleeding injury on the right side of the smooth cut of the stock. And then, a smooth short cutting surface with the length of 1.5cm is obliquely cut at the bottom end of the scion branch section on the same side with the scion bud at an angle of 45 degrees, a straight cambium long cutting surface with the length of 3-5cm and the width less than or equal to that of the vertical cut of the stock is vertically cut on the opposite side of the straight xylem at a position 1-2mm lower than the root of the scion bud, and the vertical cutting surface on the opposite side of the scion is slightly longer than the vertical cutting surface of the stock by 1-2 mm. Slightly and lightly sticking the cut cambium length of the scion with the length of 3-5cm (the cambium cannot be cut) into the cortex of the stock at one time, and not moving any more, so that the cambium of the scion and the stock are tightly attached, then tightly coating the tender cortex of the stock on the cortex of the scion, finally binding and fixing the scion by using a flexible plastic film strip, sealing the scion and exposing the bud point of the scion. When the scion is bound, fixed and sealed by the film strip, a thin wooden stick (toothpick, etc.) which is 5cm long and 3mm in diameter and one end of which is pressed in the inner layer of the film and the other end is exposed outside the film can be vertically placed to remove the wound.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the stock seedling variety is selected from pecan or/and rice walnut; further, the hickory nut is selected from white hickory nuts or/and green hickory nuts, and is preferably green hickory nuts.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the scion is selected from kiskatom, great star walnut or Liaoning No. 4, preferably Liaoning No. 4.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the grafting method in step (4) is selected from the group consisting of cutting, tongue grafting, bark grafting and cleft grafting, preferably cutting, and more preferably single-bud cutting.
In the invention, the grafting types comprise seedling grafting, 1-year-old direct-seeding seedling land-based grafting, 2-year-old transplanted seedling grafting and high-grafting head-changing grafting, and preferably 2-year-old transplanted seedling grafting.
As another specific embodiment, the afforestation site selection and the forest clearing are realized by selecting a slope which is leeward, exposed to the sun and capable of being irrigated, wherein the soil of the slope is neutral purple soil, the soil layer thickness of the soil is more than or equal to 80cm, and then weeds, shrubs and stones in the planting site are removed, and drainage ditches are built.
In another specific embodiment, the standard of the pit digging and planting hole forming in the step (1) is 80 × 80 × 60 cm.
As another specific embodiment, the base fertilizer in the step (1) comprises 12-18 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.3-0.8 kg of quick lime.
As another specific implementation mode, the planting in the step (2) is that when the seedlings are planted by stepping on one lifting step by three times, the seedlings are placed and straightened to ensure that the seedlings are straight and comfortable, and the seedlings are layered, covered with soil and compacted to ensure that the root systems are tightly combined and contacted with the soil, and the planting depth is about 3-5cm higher than the original trace of the root necks of the seedlings. When filling soil, firstly burying 10-20cm of wet surface soil fine soil to cover most of the virtual roots, then slightly compacting by feet, then continuously burying 10-20cm of second layer of surface soil fine soil, and simultaneously slightly and forcefully tapping 5cm of peripheral soil layer by one end of a wood stick to make the roots tightly combined and contacted with the soil. When the soil is buried to about the depth of a planting hole 2/3, the nursery stock is slightly lifted upwards to ensure that the seedling roots are smooth, then the nursery stock is compacted, and finally a layer of loose soil is covered to achieve the technical requirement of 'three burying and two treading and one seedling lifting' for planting.
In another specific embodiment, the covering soil is stacked into a tree tray, fine soil is stacked into a tree tray with a low inside and a high outside at a watering position, the diameter of the tree tray is 0.8-1.2 m, the distance between the height of the tree tray and the ground is 15-20 cm, the maximum particle size of fine soil particles is less than 9.5mm, and the mass content of the fine soil particles less than 2.36mm is not less than 90%.
As another specific embodiment, the soil loosening and fertilizing in the step (5) are carried out by applying 100-150 g of urea to each plant before grafted seedlings sprout, applying 1 time of urea when young shoots are 15-20 cm long, then applying 1 time of urea in combination with pinching, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer once in 2-3 months after pinching, and fertilizing each time in combination with loosening soil and watering.
As another specific embodiment, the plastic pruning in the step (5) is to prune the grafted seedlings in the dormancy stage, specifically adopting a chopping and thinning method.
The walnut sapling has strong top advantages, less pruning and long extension branches. The early bearing stage is adjusted in time, the principle of 'long branch slow release and more side branches' is followed, the modes of twisting the bark of the branch, pinching, removing terminal buds and the like are adopted for the central trunk of the young tree in time, the excessive growth is prevented, the tree vigor is balanced, and the auxiliary branch cultivation is utilized for bearing fruits. And carrying out truncation treatment on overlong main branches to promote branching. Short-cut: the annual developing branches can be cut off moderately or slightly, and a part of the annual branches is cut off. Meanwhile, the perennial branches can be shortened and cut, the nutrition spindly branches can be shortened, and the vertical branches can be retracted. Mainly promotes the growth of new tips, increases branches to promote strong bearing mother branches and changes the top advantages of the scissoring buds. Thinning branches: the branches are cut from the base, and the thinning objects mainly comprise crossed branches, overlapped branches, insect-disease branches, dry and withered branches, male flowering branches and dense branches.
Experiments prove that: the locally transplanted rice walnut seedlings with the ground diameter of about 2cm are used as walnut stocks, the survival rate is remarkably improved, products with consistent quality can be obtained, the ripe walnuts at later fruiting period are earlier by 2-3 years, and the defects that the stress resistance of early-bearing varieties is poor and the yield of late-bearing varieties is low are overcome, but the varieties enter a high-yield period later. The scion is grafted in spring, the growth and development period of the scion is longer than that of the bud grafting period in summer, the stability of the original walnut scion character can be effectively guaranteed, the resistance is improved, and the growth and development are promoted.
As another embodiment, the budding method is specifically operated as follows: a square guide mold is attached to a long, flat and smooth position between the joints of the stock seedlings, stripping lines are cut along the upper portion, the lower portion and the two sides of the frame edge of the guide mold and reach the xylem deeply, after the stripping lines are cut, one corner of the cortex of the stock is pried up to form a stock interface, a notch with the length of 3-5cm is pulled down to the xylem from the right lower corner of the stock interface, or a thin wooden stick (toothpick and the like) with the length of 5cm and the diameter of 3mm, which is pressed at one end of the inner layer of a thin film and is exposed outside the thin film, is vertically placed in the process of binding and fixing scions, so that the wound current is eliminated (the thin wooden stick is used for binding the scions). Then, a square guide die is adopted to be attached to the scion, a stripping line is cut in the same mode, after the stripping line is cut, the two sides of the scion cortex are all pried up and taken down to obtain a complete bud sheet, then the bud sheet is rapidly and forcefully attached into the stock graft and does not move any more, and the bud sheet is bound by a thin film strip; the cross section of the taken bud slice is not required to touch other objects or rub back and forth on the stock, so that a cambium is prevented from being damaged, and the bud slice is required to be placed and compressed at one time.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, high-quality seedlings with the local nursery land diameter of 2cm are used as stock seedlings, the breeding and growth speed of grafted seedlings can be effectively increased, the afforestation survival rate is high, and the afforestation cost is reduced;
(2) according to the method, after the seedling walnut seedlings are afforested, grafting is carried out, and particularly, single-bud cutting grafting and bud grafting are carried out in sequence, so that the purity of the variety is favorably kept, the survival rate is improved, and the breeding quality of improved-variety seedlings is improved;
(3) the walnut fruit formed by the grafted seedling obtained by the method has good quality, more fruits, no big and small year phenomenon and difficult premature senility;
(4) the method can obviously expand the suitable planting range of the walnut, the obtained grafted seedling has better disease resistance, drought resistance and barren resistance, and the grafted seedling shows good stress resistance, high yield and stability as proved by the cultivation practice in Sichuan streams and surrounding areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific examples and comparative examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The fertilizer or the tool is not indicated by manufacturers, and is a conventional product which can be obtained by commercial purchase.
It should be noted that "comprising" in this technical solution means that it may include other components in addition to the components, and the "comprising" may be replaced by "being" or "consisting of … …" in a closed manner.
The embodiment of the invention provides a walnut grafting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting forestation areas and clearing forest: selecting a slope land which is leeward and exposed to the sun and can be irrigated, wherein the soil of the slope land is neutral purple soil, the thickness of the soil layer is more than or equal to 80cm, removing thorns, shrubs and stones in the land, and building drainage ditches along the periphery of a planting area, more specifically, slender branches, leaves and weeds in the planting area cover the ground surface on site, and the thin branches, the leaves and the weeds are buried underground during land preparation to improve the organic matter of the soil and are finished before 10 th of the first year;
(2) preparing soil before planting: preparing soil 1 month before planting stock seedlings, digging pits at fixed points according to the row spacing of 20-25 plants or 5m multiplied by 6m plants per mu to form planting holes, wherein the planting holes are in a block shape, the specification of the planting holes is 80 multiplied by 60cm, mature soil and raw soil generated in the planting holes are respectively placed, when formal planting is carried out for backfilling, base fertilizer and the mature soil are uniformly mixed and filled in the middle lower parts of the planting holes, then the raw soil is finely tamped and filled in the planting holes to 30cm above the ground, more specifically, the base fertilizer is mixed with the mature soil according to 15kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of quicklime applied to each hole, and the process can effectively avoid the scarification loss of plowing and excessive dehydration of the planting holes;
(3) stock selection and planting: selecting high-quality seedling with the local nursery land diameter of 2cm as stock seedling, planting the stock seedling in 11-12 months of the first year, wherein the planting method specifically adopts a three-burying two-stepping one-seedling lifting method, the planting depth is preferably 3-5cm higher than the original soil mark depth of the root neck of the seedling, the damaged root, the rotten root and the overlong main side root are firstly trimmed before planting, the root fixing water is sufficiently poured after planting, a layer of fine soil is filled after water seeps, a tree tray with the inner part low and the outer part high and the diameter of 1m is built, the height of the tree tray is more than 15cm, and then the tree tray is covered by a farm film with the size of 1m multiplied by 1 m;
(4) scion selection and grafting: selecting fresh branches of spring shoot branches and nutrient branches which grow for 1 year, grow vigorously, are straight, have full buds, small medulla, are fully lignified, have no diseases, insect pests, freeze injury and mechanical damage and are grown on a parent tree with high and stable yield, high quality, strong stress resistance and excellent properties as scions (preferably for current harvest). The bud on the back is forbidden to be used as the bud of the cut. Meanwhile, the thickness of the scion is slightly larger than that of the stock, and the thickness is preferably 1-2 cm. If the pulp core is over 30%, it is not suitable to use it. In the growing season, the bud grafting and the twig grafting adopt the new shoots of the current year as the scions, the scions are required to be the developing branches with higher lignification degree, and the young new shoots are not suitable for being used as the scions.
The thickness of the scion is the same as that of the stock seedling, the scion is 3-5cm long, 1 bud is reserved as a bud point, the scion is cut into a shape by adopting a single-bud cutting method and inserted into a stock cut before the stock seedling sprouts or 2-3 months in the next year, cambiums of the scion and the stock are tightly attached, the scion bud point is bound and fixed by using a film strip and is exposed, a bud sheet is cut from the scion by adopting the bud cutting method in the same year for 5-6 months, the bud sheet is attached into the stock cut, the bud sheet and the stock are tightly attached, and the bud sheet and the stock are bound by using a plastic film strip with relatively flexible texture to obtain a grafted seedling;
wherein, the specific operation of the single-bud cutting and grafting method is as follows: and pulling down 1-2 water flowing grooves with the width of about 1-2mm and the depth of xylem from the rhizosphere of the stock seedling in 12 hours before grafting to remove the bleeding sap. Then, the upper end of the stock seedling is cut off by scissors from the position 10-20cm or 1m away from the ground and cut into a slightly inclined cross section. And vertically cutting a cambium of a smooth cut with the width and length being 3-4 cm corresponding to the thickness of the scion at a straight position to be jointed on the lower edge of the section, keeping a tender cortex, and simultaneously pulling a notch with the length being 3-5cm to the xylem to remove the bleeding injury on the right side of the smooth cut of the stock. And then, a smooth short cutting surface with the length of 1.5cm is obliquely cut at the bottom end of the scion branch section on the same side with the scion bud at an angle of 45 degrees, a straight cambium long cutting surface with the length of 3-5cm and the width less than or equal to that of the vertical cut of the stock is vertically cut on the opposite side of the straight xylem at a position 1-2mm lower than the root of the scion bud, and the vertical cutting surface on the opposite side of the scion is slightly longer than the vertical cutting surface of the stock by 1-2 mm. Slightly and lightly sticking the cut cambium length of the scion with the length of 3-5cm (the cambium cannot be cut) into the cortex of the stock at one time, and not moving any more, so that the cambium of the scion and the stock are tightly attached, then tightly coating the tender cortex of the stock on the cortex of the scion, finally binding and fixing the scion by using a flexible plastic film strip, sealing the scion and exposing the bud point of the scion. When the scion is bound, fixed and sealed by the film, a thin wooden stick (toothpick, etc.) with 5cm long and 3mm diameter, one end of which is pressed in the inner layer of the film and the other end of which is exposed outside the film, can be vertically placed to remove the wound.
(5) And (4) management after connection: timely removing sprouts 15 days after grafting, immediately loosening film strips for grafted seedlings when scions grow to 30cm, supporting rods with bamboo sticks if necessary to prevent tender branches or splits at the grafting part from being broken by strong wind, and periodically loosening soil, applying fertilizer, shaping and pruning and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests;
wherein, the concrete operation of loosening soil and fertilizing is: applying 100-150 g of urea to each plant before grafted seedlings sprout, applying 1 time of urea when the new tips of the grafted seedlings are 15-20 cm long, then applying 1 time of urea in combination with pinching, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer once 2-3 months after pinching, and applying fertilizer in combination with soil loosening and watering every time;
the specific operation of the plastic pruning is as follows: pruning is carried out in the dormancy stage of the grafted seedlings, natural open heart shapes are mainly cultivated in a garden with the plant row spacing of 5m multiplied by 6m, the pruning is specifically carried out by adopting a short-cut and thinning method, the long branches in the current year are subjected to pinching, the middle and short branches are not pinched, the process can promote the branch maturation, promote the lateral buds to form flower buds, and promote the early fruiting, early yielding and high yield of the young trees.
The following experiment was performed by using the walnut grafting breeding method of this example.
Experiment I, influence of different stock and scion combinations and grafting methods on walnut grafting survival
Survival rate of grafting of different stock variety (%)
Survival rate (%) of different grafting methods
| Test ground | Cutting and connecting | Tongue joint | Insert leather joint | Splitting and connecting |
| Ling Jiangzhen backwater village | 89 | 75 | 82 | 70 |
| White bridge dam | 95 | 78 | 80 | 69 |
| Longshan Zhengnan Yang village | 92 | 73 | 75 | 63 |
Survival (%) -of different graft types
The grafting methods of the different grafting types all adopt a cutting grafting method.
And selecting 5-10 years of seedling for grafting on the high-grafting head-changing grafting stock.
The faint scent walnuts are typical male-first type varieties, and common female-first type varieties can be matched with the faint scent walnuts for planting, such as Shuoying, Chuanhao, Liaoning No. 4 and the like. The method adopts the rice walnut seedlings with the local transplanted ground diameter of about 2cm as walnut stocks for cutting grafting, not only the survival rate is obviously improved, but also products with consistent quality can be obtained, moreover, the fruiting period of later-ripe walnuts is advanced by 2-3 years, and the defects of poor stress resistance of early-ripe seeds and low yield of later-ripe seeds are overcome, but the variety enters the high-yield period slightly later. The scion is grafted in spring, the growth and development period of the scion is longer than that of the bud grafting period in summer, the stability of the original walnut scion character can be effectively guaranteed, the resistance is improved, and the growth and development are promoted.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A walnut grafting and breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a soil 1 month before planting the stock seedlings, planting 20-25 plants per mu, respectively placing the produced mature soil and raw soil, mixing base fertilizer and mature soil during planting, filling the mixture into the planting holes, and finally filling the mature soil around the planting holes to the position 28-32 cm above the ground;
(2) selecting a seedling with the ground diameter of 1.2-3 cm as a stock seedling, planting the stock seedling in 11-12 months of the first year, pouring root fixing water after planting, covering soil to form a tree tray, and covering the tree tray with a film to grow;
(3) selecting 1 year-old scions 2-3 months in the second year or before stock seedlings sprout, wherein the thickness of the scions is equivalent to that of grafting openings of the stock seedlings, and then taking scion branch segments which are 3-5cm long and contain full buds, wherein the distance between bud eyes and the top ends of the branch segments is 0.5-1 cm;
(4) grafting the walnut according to the selected stock and the selected scion;
(5) removing sprouts and loose ties after grafting, loosening soil, fertilizing, shaping and pruning and preventing and controlling diseases and pests;
the stock seedling variety is selected from green-stem hickory; the scion is selected from Liaohe nucleus No. 4; the grafting method in the step (4) is selected from cutting grafting; the grafting type is 2-year-old transplanted seedling grafting.
2. The walnut grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting method in the step (4) is selected from single-bud cutting grafting.
3. The walnut grafting propagation method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of selecting a forestation land and cleaning the forestation land, wherein the step of selecting a slope land which is leeward, exposed to the sun and capable of being irrigated is carried out, the soil of the slope land is neutral purple soil, the soil layer thickness of the soil is more than or equal to 80cm, and then removing weeds, shrubs and stones in the planting land and building drainage ditches.
4. The walnut grafting propagation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting hole in the step (1) is 80 x 60cm in size; the base fertilizer in the step (1) comprises 12-18 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.3-0.8 kg of quick lime.
5. The walnut grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the covering soil is used for making the tree disc with a low inside and a high outside at a watering position, the diameter of the tree disc is 0.8-1.2 m, the distance between the disc height and the ground is 15-20 cm, the fine soil is fine soil particles, the maximum particle size of the fine soil particles is less than 9.5mm, and the mass content of the fine soil particles less than 2.36mm is not less than 90%.
6. The walnut grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the loosening and fertilizing in step (5) is implemented by applying urea before the grafted seedlings sprout, applying urea once when the young shoots are 15-20 cm long, applying urea once again in combination with pinching, and applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 2-3 months after pinching, wherein each fertilizing is implemented in combination with loosening and watering, and the fertilizing amount is 100-150 g per plant.
7. The walnut grafting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the pruning in step (5) is to prune the grafted seedlings in the resting period, specifically by using a chopping and thinning method.
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| CN101019492A (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2007-08-22 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Hetero stock grafting process for pecan |
| CN100542395C (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-09-23 | 陈吴海 | A kind of walnut is inserted the skin grafting method |
| CN102197764B (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2013-06-19 | 汪锋 | Method for grafting walnut tree |
| CN108283069A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-07-17 | 青海省农林科学院 | A kind of stock processing method after Studies of Walnut Bud Grafting |
| CN109006133A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of apocarya grafting efficient breeding method |
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