CN112703951A - Tea tree root stock grafting seedling method - Google Patents
Tea tree root stock grafting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112703951A CN112703951A CN202011510911.0A CN202011510911A CN112703951A CN 112703951 A CN112703951 A CN 112703951A CN 202011510911 A CN202011510911 A CN 202011510911A CN 112703951 A CN112703951 A CN 112703951A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tea tree root stock grafting seedling method, which comprises stock selection preparation, stock preparation, tea flower variety matching, scion selection, ear elimination, root stock cutting and grafting, grafting treatment and grafting management, wherein the stock is selected from tea trees which are robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and less in fruit bearing, the tree shape is preferably a single rod, the ground diameter is 5-10 cm, the trunk branches are preferably more than 1cm, the stock preparation is that the trunk and the branches above the position of the stock, which is 0.8-1 m away from the ground, are cut off, the root of a tea seedling with the root cap removed is used as the stock, the germination and growth of the adventitious bud of the root cap of the tea tree are avoided, so that the large amount of sprout removal work in the tea tree seedling process is reduced, the defects that short-scion cutting seedlings of the tea trees have no main root, and the tea seedlings have poor drought resistance and cold resistance are overcome, the labor intensity of old tea garden grafting is reduced, and the grafting efficiency of the tea trees is improved, and the purity of the seedling is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea seedling breeding, in particular to a tea tree root stock grafting seedling method.
Background
The improved clonal tea tree variety is usually bred through asexual propagation ways of short-spike cuttage, mother tree layering, tree stock grafting, tissue culture and the like. The layering period of the mother tree is long, and the efficiency is low. The tree stock grafting is suitable for the replanting and the replanting of the old tea garden, but has the disadvantages of high working strength, low working efficiency and difficult follow-up management. The tissue culture has higher requirements on the culture conditions and the technology. However, when short-spike cuttage is carried out, short-spike cuttage seedlings are fibrous root systems, the root systems are shallow, the stress resistance, particularly the drought resistance, in the seedling stage is poor, and the transplanting survival rate is low; if the soil and fertilizer conditions of the tea garden are not good, the tea trees are easy to senilism, and the economic age limit is shortened; however, most tea gardens are built on barren hills and slopes, and the soil and fertilizer conditions are relatively poor, so that the tea gardens are not suitable for using short-spike cutting seedlings.
In recent years, the method for grafting and breeding the bud stock is adopted in camellia oleifera seedlings, the root crowns (remained cotyledons) of seedlings sown with camellia oleifera seeds are used as stocks, and the stocks are grafted with short spikes cut by branches of a current-year semi-lignified or lignified camellia oleifera mother tree, so that the survival rate of the grafted seedlings can be more than 70%. Practice proves that the existing grafting breeding method for the rootstock has the following defects: because the adventitious bud of the root cap has strong germination capacity, the young sprout of the adventitious bud grows rapidly, if the young sprout is not in time, the young sprout can compete for the moisture and the nutrient of the scion, and the scion withers, therefore, the current grafting breeding method of the bud stock has large subsequent sprout removing workload, the seedlings are mixed with a certain amount of seedlings, the purity of the seedlings is not high, the good variety of the tea tree clone adopts the grafting breeding method of the bud stock, the sprout removing workload is large after the grafting, and the seedling purity is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the following defects in the prior art, the current rootstock grafting breeding method has large subsequent sprout removal workload, a certain amount of seedlings are mixed in the seedlings, the purity of the seedlings is not high, the clone improved variety of the tea tree adopts the rootstock grafting breeding method, the sprout removal workload after grafting is large, and the purity of the seedlings is difficult to ensure, so that the rootstock grafting breeding method of the tea tree is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tea tree root stock grafting seedling method comprises stock selection preparation, stock preparation, camellia variety collocation, scion selection, scion elimination, root stock cutting and grafting port, grafting treatment and grafting management, wherein the stock is selected to be a tea tree which is robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and less in fruit bearing, the tree shape is preferably a single pole, the ground diameter is 5-10 cm, trunk branches are preferably more than 1cm, the stock preparation is to cut off the trunk and the branches at the position of the stock, 0.8-1 m away from the ground, the loss of moisture and nutrients is reduced, the stock is transported to a greenhouse for planting as soon as possible after being dug, and the air humidity in the greenhouse is set to be more than 60%.
Preferably, the camellia variety matching is to select one or more camellia varieties to be grafted, and the factors of growth vigor, flower color, flower shape, flowering time, flowering period and the like of different varieties of camellia should be comprehensively considered in the grafting of the plurality of camellia varieties, so that the grafted camellia plants are beautiful, and the flowering period is long.
Preferably, the scion is selected from a plant with good growth vigor, beautiful plant type and bright leaf color as a scion stock plant, a semi-lignified branch growing strongly and having plump axillary buds, normal leaf color and no plant diseases and insect pests at the middle upper part of the crown of the scion stock plant is selected as the scion, and the semi-lignified (stem reddish brown) branch growing strongly (the same as the branch bred by cutting) is cultivated from a clone improved tea garden prepared for breeding and popularization through pruning to different degrees and is used as scion shearing, and 8-10 scions are grafted in each cluster.
Preferably, the ear-eliminating step is to cut the scion into 3-4 cm small sections by using scissors and form short branches with a full axillary bud and a robust leaf, a long inclined plane is cut on the back surface of the bud by using a grafting knife, the depth is proper when the back surface of the bud is slightly seen in xylem, the length of the inclined plane is 1.5-2 cm, a slightly shorter inclined plane is cut on the back surface of the long inclined plane, the lower part of the scion is in a 30-degree horse ear-shaped wedge shape, in order to prevent evaporation of water, half of the leaf on the scion can be cut, and the cut scion can be grafted after being cleaned by using water.
Preferably, the grafting opening of the root cutting stock is used for determining the number of grafted layers according to the height of the stock, the number of grafted layers is determined according to the diameter of the stock, the grafting positions of each layer are uniformly distributed, the tree crown after the top is drawn is uniform, after the grafting positions are determined, clean dust at the grafting positions is washed by using clear water, a grafting knife is used for longitudinally cutting two cuts from top to bottom along the direction of a trunk, the depth of a cut is required to reach the xylem, the length of the cut is about 3cm, the width is slightly larger than the width of a scion, then a cut is transversely cut above the longitudinal cut, so that the cut of the three cuts is in a shape like a Chinese character 'men', and the bark of the cut is split from top to bottom along the tangent line by using the grafting.
Preferably, the grafting treatment is to insert the scion between a bark and a trunk, the long section of the scion is aligned with the stock and the bud is outward, the upper end of the section of the scion is slightly higher than the section of the stock, the scion is wrapped by the unfolded bark, the bark and the scion are tightly pressed towards the stock by hands after all the scions on the same layer are inserted, then the scion is tightly bound by a plastic film belt with the width of about 2cm from bottom to top to prevent the scion from displacing, after the whole stock is completely cut, the positions where the stock is grafted are completely sealed by a long cylindrical moisture-preserving bag from top to bottom, the loss of moisture is reduced, a space of 3-5 cm is reserved between the moisture-preserving bag and the scion, and the scion is supplied for sprouting and growing.
Preferably, the grafting management comprises shading, weeding and grass spreading and rootstock bud removal, after the shading is completed by grafting, the shading net is used for shading the tree body, the high temperature is prevented from influencing the survival rate of the cutting and the rootstock, the weeding and grass spreading can be used for timely removing weeds, the weeds can also be used for weeding by using a herbicide, but the weeds cannot be sprayed on tea seedlings, the weeds around the roots of young tea trees are manually pulled out, and the grass is spread between the rows of the tea trees at the early summer and late autumn before the high temperature, drought and freezing seasons, so that the land capability can be improved by about 15t per hectare.
Preferably, the bud removal of the stock is that tender shoots of tea trees can be generated on the stock after grafting is completed, and in order to prevent tea branches growing on the stock from influencing the quality of the grafted camellia, the tender shoots of the tea trees on the stock need to be manually removed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for grafting and seedling raising of the tea tree root stocks, the tea seedling roots with the root crowns removed are used as the stock, and the sprouting and growth of adventitious buds of the tea tree root crowns is avoided, so that a large amount of sprout removing work in the tea tree seedling raising process is reduced, the defects that short-spike cutting seedlings of tea trees do not have main roots and tea seedlings are poor in drought resistance and cold resistance are overcome, the labor intensity of grafting and changing of old tea gardens is reduced, the grafting efficiency of tea trees is improved, and the seedling purity is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
A method for culturing the seedlings of tea tree by root stock grafting includes such steps as using the root of seedling tea tree as stock, grafting with the short spike cut from semi-lignified or lignified branch of fine tea tree, sealing the short spike by moisture-preserving bag, planting it in seedbed, and includes such steps as preparing stock, matching tea flower variety, selecting scion, removing spike, cutting root stock, grafting, and managing grafting.
1. Selecting the rootstock: the method is characterized in that tea trees which are robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and few in fruit bearing are selected, the tree shape is preferably a single-stem tree, the ground diameter is 5-10 cm, trunk branches are preferably more than 1cm, the stock is prepared by cutting off the trunk and the branches of the stock at a position 0.8-1 m away from the ground, loss of moisture and nutrients is reduced, the stock is dug and then transported to a greenhouse for planting, and air humidity in the greenhouse is set to be more than 60%.
2. Tea flower variety matching: selecting one or more than one camellia variety to be grafted, wherein the factors of the growth vigor, the flower color, the flower shape, the flowering time, the flowering period length and the like of different varieties of camellia should be comprehensively considered in the grafting of the plurality of camellia varieties, so that the grafted camellia variety is beautiful in plant shape and long in flowering period.
3. Selecting spike strips: selecting a plant with good growth vigor, beautiful plant type and bright leaf color as a scion stock plant, selecting a semi-lignified branch of the current year with strong growth, plump axillary buds, normal leaf color and no diseases and insect pests at the middle upper part of the crown of the scion stock plant as a scion, cultivating the semi-lignified (stem reddish brown) and strongly grown branch (the same as a cutting propagation branch) as a scion for shearing the scions by pruning at different degrees from a clone improved variety tea garden to be bred and popularized, and grafting 8-10 scions in each cluster.
4. Ear elimination: the scion is cut into 3-4 cm small sections by scissors, each small section is provided with a full axillary bud and a short branch with a robust leaf, a long inclined plane is cut on the back surface of each bud by a grafting knife, the depth is proper to be slightly seen in xylem, the length of the inclined plane is 1.5-2 cm, a shorter inclined plane is cut on the back surface of the long inclined plane, the lower portion of the scion is in a 30-degree horse ear-shaped wedge shape, in order to prevent moisture from evaporating, half of the leaves on the scion can be cut, and the cut scion can be grafted after being cleaned by water.
5. Root stock cutting grafting opening: determining the number of grafted layers according to the height of a stock, determining the number of grafted layers according to the diameter of the stock, uniformly distributing the grafting positions of each layer, ensuring the symmetrical crown after top-pulling, cleaning dust at the grafting position by using clear water after determining the grafting positions, longitudinally cutting two cutters from top to bottom along the direction of a trunk by using a grafting cutter, wherein the depth of a cut is about 3cm, the length of the cut is about 3cm, the width of the cut is slightly larger than the width of a scion, transversely cutting one cutter above the longitudinal cut, enabling the cut of the three cutters to be in a shape like a Chinese character 'men', and picking the cut bark from top to bottom along the tangent line by using the grafting cutter.
6. Grafting treatment: judging the grafting time according to the growth degree of the new branch tip of the camellia, generally grafting when the new branch tip is semi-lignified, inserting the scion between a tree bark and a tree trunk, directing the long section of the scion to the tree stock and the bud outwards, slightly raising the upper end of the scion section above the section of the tree stock, wrapping the scion by using the picked tree bark, tightly pressing the tree bark and the scion towards the tree stock by hands after the scions on the same layer are inserted, tightly binding the scion from bottom to top by using a plastic film belt with the width of about 2cm, preventing the scion from displacing, completely sealing the positions grafted by using a long cylindrical moisturizing bag from top to bottom after the whole tree stock is completely cut, reducing the water loss, and reserving a space of 3-5 cm between the moisturizing bag and the scion for the germination and growth of the scion.
7. And (3) grafting management: comprises shading, weeding, spreading grass and rootstock bud removal.
(1) Shading the shady: after the grafting of the tea trees is finished, shading the trees by using a shading net to prevent the survival rate of the cuttings and the rootstocks from being influenced by high temperature;
(2) weeding and grass paving: weeds of tea trees can be eradicated in time, herbicides can be used for weeding, but the weeds cannot be sprayed on tea seedlings, weeds around roots of young tea trees are manually removed, grass is paved among tea tree rows at the early summer and late autumn before high-temperature, drought and freezing seasons, and the land capability can be improved by about 15t per hectare;
(3) rootstock bud removal: after grafting is finished, tender shoots of tea trees are generated on the stocks, and in order to prevent tea branches growing on the stocks from influencing the quality of the grafted camellia, the tender shoots of the tea trees on the stocks need to be manually removed.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tea tree root stock grafting seedling method comprises stock selection preparation, stock preparation, camellia variety collocation, scion selection, scion elimination, root stock cutting and grafting port cutting, grafting treatment and grafting management, and is characterized in that the stock is selected from tea trees which are robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and few in fruit bearing, the tree form is preferably a single rod, the ground diameter is 5-10 cm, trunk branches are preferably more than 1cm, the stock preparation is to cut off trunks and branches above the position of the stock, 0.8-1 m away from the ground, loss of moisture and nutrients is reduced, the stocks are transported to a greenhouse for planting as soon as possible after being dug, and air humidity in the greenhouse is set to be more than 60%.
2. The tea tree root stock grafting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the tea flower variety matching is that one tea flower variety is grafted by one strain, or a plurality of tea flower varieties are grafted by one strain, and the factors of the growth vigor, the flower color, the flower shape, the flowering time, the flowering period and the like of different varieties of tea flowers are comprehensively considered in the grafting of the plurality of tea flower varieties, so that the grafted tea flower is beautiful in plant type and long in flowering period.
3. The method for grafting and seedling raising of the tea plant root stocks according to claim 1, wherein the scion is selected from a plant with good growth vigor, beautiful plant type and bright leaf color as a scion stock plant, a semi-lignified branch growing at the middle upper part of the crown of the scion stock plant, plump axillary buds, normal leaf color and no plant diseases and insect pests in the current year is selected as the scion, and the semi-lignified (stem reddish brown) branch growing robustly (the same as a cutting propagation branch) is cultivated through different degrees of pruning in a clone improved tea garden to be bred and popularized as the scion for 8-10 scions per cluster.
4. The tea tree root stock grafting seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ear elimination is to cut the scion into 3-4 cm small segments with a short branch of a full axillary bud and a robust leaf by scissors, a long inclined plane is cut on the back surface of the bud by a grafting knife, the depth is proper to be slightly seen in xylem, the length of the inclined plane is 1.5-2 cm, a shorter inclined plane is cut on the back surface of the long inclined plane, the lower part of the scion is in a 30-degree horse ear-shaped wedge shape, in order to prevent evaporation of water, the leaf on the scion can be cut in half, and the cut scion can be grafted after being washed by water.
5. The method for grafting and cultivating seedlings of tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafting openings of the root cutting stocks are formed by determining the number of grafted layers according to the height of the stock, determining the number of grafted layers according to the diameter of the stock, uniformly distributing the grafting positions of each layer to ensure the symmetrical crown after the top extraction, cleaning dust at the grafting positions by using clear water after determining the grafting positions, longitudinally cutting two cuts from top to bottom along the trunk by using a grafting knife, wherein the depth of the cut is equal to the xylem, the length of the cut is about 3cm, the width of the cut is slightly larger than the width of the scion, transversely cutting a cut above the longitudinal cut to enable the three cuts to be in a 'gate' shape, and the bark of the cut is opened from top to bottom along the tangent line by using the grafting knife.
6. The method for grafting and seedling raising of the tea trees root stocks according to claim 1, wherein the grafting treatment comprises the steps of inserting the scions between tree barks and tree trunks, aligning the long sections of the scions with the tree stocks and enabling the buds to be outward, slightly raising the upper ends of the cut sections of the scions to be higher than the cut sections of the tree stocks, wrapping the scions by the picked tree barks, tightly pressing the tree barks and the scions towards the tree stocks by hands after all the scions in the same layer are inserted, tightly binding the scions from bottom to top by using plastic film belts with the width of about 2cm, preventing the scions from displacing, completely sealing the positions where the tree stocks are grafted by using long cylindrical moisture-preserving bags from top to bottom after all the scions in the same layer are inserted, reducing the loss of moisture, and reserving 3-5 cm spaces between the moisture-preserving bags and the scions for the growth of the scions.
7. The method for grafting and seedling raising of the tea tree root stocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafting management comprises shading, weeding and spreading grass and rootstock bud removal, the shading is to shade the tree body by using a shading net after grafting is completed to prevent high temperature from influencing the survival rate of the cutting slips and the rootstock, the weeding and spreading grass is to weed off the tea tree in time and can weed by using herbicide, the weeding and spreading grass can not be sprayed on the tea tree seedlings, weeds around the roots of young tea trees can be manually pulled out, and the grass can be spread between tea tree rows at the early summer and late autumn before the high-temperature, drought and freezing seasons, and the land fertility can be improved by about 15t per hectare.
8. The method for grafting and cultivating the tea tree root stock according to claim 7, wherein the bud removal of the stock comprises that tender shoots of the tea tree are generated on the stock after the grafting is completed, and the tender shoots of the tea tree on the stock are manually removed in order to prevent tea branch strips growing on the stock from influencing the quality of the grafted tea flowers.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011510911.0A CN112703951A (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Tea tree root stock grafting seedling method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011510911.0A CN112703951A (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Tea tree root stock grafting seedling method |
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| CN112703951A true CN112703951A (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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| CN202011510911.0A Withdrawn CN112703951A (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Tea tree root stock grafting seedling method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113197009A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-03 | 广西韶龙百大合科技有限公司 | Pure black tea oil seedling cultivation method |
| CN113348940A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-07 | 防城港市金花茶有限公司 | Breeding method of golden camellia fine variety |
-
2020
- 2020-12-18 CN CN202011510911.0A patent/CN112703951A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113197009A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-03 | 广西韶龙百大合科技有限公司 | Pure black tea oil seedling cultivation method |
| CN113348940A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-07 | 防城港市金花茶有限公司 | Breeding method of golden camellia fine variety |
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Application publication date: 20210427 |