CN103270920A - Kiwi seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Kiwi seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a kiwi seedling cultivation method, belongs to the technical field of kiwi cultivation, and solves the problems that the existing kiwi seedling cultivation technique fails to meet the needs of standard production, large-scale gardening, germplasm resources transferring and conservation, and planting in protected areas due to the factors such as long seedling cultivation period, low seedling emergence rate, few seed sources and slow cultivation. The method includes using of greenhouses, trays, plastic-covered tunnels and plastic film mulching; cold storage, stratification, sowing, stock cultivation, branch grafting, field management and outplanting of stock seeds. The whole cultivation process starts from January and ends before soil freezing in November and is under quality control. According to the method, seeding, grafting and outplanting all occur in one year. The time from storing seeds in sand to emergence of seedlings lasts for 11 months, namely the seedling cultivation time is 11 months, the rate of first-grade seedlings is up to 90%, and the need of standard, large-scale planting and demonstrative popularization of kiwi and the need of germplasm resources expansion and protection are met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technique for culturing yangtao field; The kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings is specifically disclosed.
Background technology
The kiwi fruit ancestors come from China, are utilized by New Zealand and American-European countries, develop into worldwide fruit, and long-term competition has occupied international kiwi fruit market.China rises to industry from investigation, excavation, domestication, improvement, seed selection improved seeds the kiwi fruit resource, experienced for 30 years, and New Zealand obtains resource from China, lead the world, become the kiwi fruit breeding, produce and big export country has 100 years history, Japan is also prior to China 40 years.Accelerating China and become kiwi fruit resource and cultivation power, research and solve the technical problem that cultivating seedlings exists, is important step.The method of in the past cultivating the kiwi fruit nursery stock has cuttage and grafting.Cuttage is clip 12-15 ㎝, and the green branch (branch that take place vegetative period) that has the 2-4 bud is inserted in the preprepared seedbed with hard branch (resting shoot) cultivates into seedling.Though it is auxilliary that this method cuttage can go out then, survival rate low (about 0～50%), the high-quality seedling is few, consumes the tree body; Grafting is sowing cultivating seeds stock, remarries and connects improved seeds, and this is the method that fruit growing is widely used, but needs sowing in 1 year spring to cultivate stock usually, goes out the garden autumn, and in the 2nd year spring, hard skill grafting is planted and cultivated into seedling and go out the garden.The research fast seedling-cultivating method is also arranged, though in one-year age, can finish the overall process of growing seedlings, have seedling raising process quality control and high quality seedling quantity uncertain problem.For example: " hubei agricultural science " 1986 the 1st phases " kiwi fruit fast seedling growing Preliminary Report on Experiment "; " forestry practical technique " the 3rd phase in 1994 " kiwi fruit rapid breeding method ".
The Heilongjiang Province is that national temperature is minimum, the province that effective accumulated temperature is minimum, and the Chinese gooseberry that the cuttage cold hardiness is not enough and delicious kiwi fruit improved seeds, because requiring the accumulated temperature height, branch is immature and withered, and grafting then can not be survived the winter and be survived.The cold-resistant kind of grafting (below 30) on cold-resistant stock also needs the time more than 2 years.There is year limit for length that grows seedlings in existing kiwi fruit cultivating seedlings technology, and emergence rate is low, and is of poor quality, and it is slow to plant the few breeding in bud source, do not satisfy produce go up standardization, the garden is built in scale, germ plasm resource switching child care and the plantation of protection ground need problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is natural resource and the sufficient illumination condition of cooling that utilizes the Heilongjiang Province, prolongs 70 days effective vegetative period of nursery stock, effectively extends to 200～210 days by 130～140 days vegetative period, has satisfied the needs of cultivating the kiwi fruit high quality seedling.The present invention will solve existing kiwi fruit cultivating seedlings and have year limit for length that grows seedlings, and emergence rate is low, and is of poor quality, plants the few breeding in bud source and waits problem slowly.The present invention will reach and satisfy production standardization, and the garden is built in scale, resource switching child care and the plantation of protection ground, the purpose of high quality seedling demand.The kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings that provides, 1 grade of seedling emergence rate reaches 90%.
Described purpose is achieved by the following scheme:
Scheme one: spend in the zones to north latitude 50 at north latitude 44 degree, with the cold-resistant kiwi fruit seedling of open country as stock, originate as scion with germ plasm resource garden or production garden bearing tree, carry out cold district outdoor cropping kiwi fruit cultivating seedlings, concrete grammar is undertaken by following step:
Step 1, the ripening fruits of gathering cold-resistant open country kiwi fruit are dried storage after taking out seed then;
At the beginning of 1 month of step 2, coming year, water with 30 ~ 40 ℃, soak the seed 1 day that step 1 obtains, pack into then and imbed in the sand behind the yarn bag, cold storage is 60～70 days under-5～-15 ℃ of conditions, slowly thaw under 0～5 ℃ of condition, vernalization obtains the seed of sprouting to scarification and see white radicle under 18～20 ℃ of conditions then again;
Step 3, then at greenhouse by solar heat, make an inventory with the cave and to broadcast the seed of sprouting, 1 of cave point, every dish is 200/cave dish, making an inventory to broadcast in the cave needs cover film;
Step 4, treat that seedling is broken ground and throw off film that press the kiwi fruit water management and cultivate, water spray inquires for dried see wet (moistening stopping seen in the spray of insight surface drying);
Step 5, treat grow tall 3 ㎝ and when 4～5 true leaves are arranged of cave seedling, transplanting is in the sunshade plastic tunnel, press ridge before transplanting apart from 55 ㎝ making ridges, and cover the mulch film had openning hole, be that the hole that diameter is 4 ㎝ is beaten in the equidistant dislocation of 10 ㎝, line-spacing 10 ㎝ duplicate rows by spacing in the rows, by 1 strain of every hole transplantation of seedlings is coiled in the hole in the cave, microspray irrigation is to irrigating the envelope cave;
Step 6, pinching when continuing to cultivate to height of seedling 30 ㎝ (its apical growing point is extractd);
Step 7, continuation are cultivated, adopt green branch cleft graft to carry out grafting when the footpath at nursery stock 5 ㎝ places apart from ground slightly reaches 0.4～0.5 ㎜, wiring is drawn in vertical rod then, two parallel lines of every ridge degree of drawing high 35 ~ 45 ㎝, grafting is long to carry out bondage to the wiring place, the indefinite bud that takes place on the stock of erasing simultaneously;
Step 8, pinching when continuing to cultivate nursery stock length to 45 ~ 50 ㎝ are opened the sunshade net then gradually to full exposure;
Step 9, continuation are cultivated, treat the nursery stock stem brown maturation that begins to shoal, through heavy frost, blade is withered, shines bar 5 ~ 7, lifting, before frozen soil, risen, the classification bundling, outdoor digging pit heeled in, irritate permeable surviving the winter, namely finish cold-resistant resource and foster usefulness and the cold district outdoor cropping cultivation of kiwi fruit nursery stock.
The described dry seeds of step 1 is covering 0 ~ 5 ℃ of storage preservation down in dry place of drying in the shade.
Seedling phase diurnal temperature in the step 3 greenhouse by solar heat remains on 18 ~ 20 ℃.
Making an inventory and broadcast the seed of sprouting and undertaken by following step in the step 3 cave: waters end water in the dish of dress matrix cave, 1 seed of sprouting of every cave program request, finish with matrix and fill and lead up, the thin water of spray painting, cover film is preserved moisture, be put in sunshade and grow seedlings on the frame, described matrix by volume portion rate is sieved by 10 parts of peat, 0.5 part of perlite and the 0.1 part of chicken fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is mixed.
The grafting of the described green branch cleft graft of step 7 is to choose the full green branch runner of the close bud of rugosity, and simple bud is cut into the long section of 5 ㎝, 1 ㎝ is stayed in the bud upper end, inclined-plane Cheng Wedged shape is respectively cut in both sides under the bud, injects in the dark stock of 2 ㎝ that rive, and exposes the bud bud with wide 0.8 ㎜ plastic film strip then and is wrapped sternly.
Preferably: step 7 is used from the row culture of the innovation then scion of germ plasm resource garden (perhaps production garden bearing tree) and is carried out grafting.
Scheme two: be that kiwi fruit cold-resistant variety seedling is as stock with China system or delicious food; with the bearing tree of cold-resistant improved seeds then the innovation bar as scion; protect ground (general designation of greenhouse and plastic tunnel) cultivation to use the kiwi fruit cultivating seedlings, concrete grammar is undertaken by following step:
Step a, the ripening fruits of gathering kiwi fruit are dried storage after taking out seed then;
At the beginning of 1 month of step b, coming year, water with 30 ~ 40 ℃, soak the seed 1 day that step 1 obtains, pack into then and imbed in the sand behind the yarn bag, cold storage is 60～70 days under-5～-15 ℃ of conditions, slowly thaw under 0～5 ℃ of condition, vernalization obtains the seed of sprouting to scarification and see white radicle under 18～20 ℃ of conditions then again;
Step c, then at greenhouse by solar heat, make an inventory with the cave and to broadcast the seed of sprouting, 1 of cave point, every dish is 200/cave dish, making an inventory to broadcast in the cave needs cover film;
Steps d, treat that seedling is broken ground and throw off film that cultivate by the kiwi fruit water management, water spray inquires for dried see wet (moistening stopping seen in the spray of insight surface drying);
Step e, treat grow tall 3 ㎝ and when 4～5 true leaves are arranged of cave seedling, transplanting is in the sunshade plastic tunnel, press ridge before transplanting apart from 55 ㎝ making ridges, and cover the mulch film had openning hole, be that the hole that diameter is 4 ㎝ is beaten in the equidistant dislocation of 10 ㎝, line-spacing 10 ㎝ duplicate rows by spacing in the rows, by 1 strain of every hole transplantation of seedlings is coiled in the hole in the cave, microspray irrigation is to irrigating the envelope cave;
Step f, continuation are cultivated, when the footpath at 5 ㎝ places, distance ground slightly reaches 0.5～0.6 ㎜, pre-grafting internode place removes rough hair on 2 leaves of distance ground, adopt green branch cleft graft to carry out grafting then, wiring is drawn in vertical rod then, two parallel lines of every ridge degree of drawing high 40 ~ 50 ㎝, grafting is long to carry out bondage to the wiring place, the indefinite bud that takes place on the stock of erasing simultaneously;
Step g, pinching when continuing to cultivate nursery stock length to 50 ~ 52 ㎝ are opened the sunshade net then gradually to full exposure;
Step h, continuation are cultivated, and treat that the nursery stock stem begins to deepen the brown maturation, and through heavy frost, blade is withered; shone bar 8 ~ 10, lifting has risen before frozen soil, the classification bundling; in the cold house, dig pit, heel in wet sand and survive the winter, namely finish the cultivation that the kiwi fruit nursery stock is used in the cultivation of protection ground.
Described being stored in of step a covered 0 ~ 5 ℃ of storage preservation down in dry place of drying in the shade.
Diurnal temperature in the step c greenhouse by solar heat remains on 18 ~ 20 ℃.
Step c makes an inventory in the cave and broadcasts the seed of sprouting and undertaken by following step: water end water in the dish of dress matrix cave, 1 seed of sprouting of every cave program request, finish with matrix and fill and lead up, the thin water of spray painting, cover film is preserved moisture, be put in sunshade and grow seedlings on the frame, described matrix by volume portion rate is sieved by 10 parts of peat, 0.5 part of perlite and the 0.1 part of chicken fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is mixed.
The grafting of the described green branch cleft graft of step f is to choose the full green branch runner of the close bud of rugosity, and simple bud is cut into the long section of 5 ㎝, 1 ㎝ is stayed in the bud upper end, and inclined-plane Cheng Wedged shape is respectively cut in both sides under the bud, injects in the dark stock of 2 ㎝ that rive, be wrapped sternly with wide 0.8 ㎜ plastic film strip then, the bud bud must expose.
Preferably: the bearing tree of the cold-resistant improved seeds of step f usefulness innovation bar then carries out grafting as scion.
Said method of the present invention is sowing then all, and grafting then goes out into seedling, hides seed from sand and lasts 11 months to emerging, and namely seedling raise period only is 11 months, 1 grade of seedling emergence rate reach 90%.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation by following embodiment.
Embodiment one: present embodiment is spent in the zones to north latitude 50 at north latitude 44 degree
,, originate as scion with production garden bearing tree as stock with the cold-resistant kiwi fruit seedling of open country, carry out outdoor cropping kiwi fruit cultivating seedlings, concrete grammar is undertaken by following step:
Step 1, the ripening fruits of gathering the open country kiwi fruit are dried after taking out seed then, covering dry in the shade 0 ~ 5 ℃ at dry place down storage preserve;
At the beginning of 1 month of step 2, coming year, the seed that obtains with 30 ~ 40 ℃ water logging step 11 day, pack into then and imbed in the sand behind the yarn bag, cold storage is 60～70 days under-5～-15 ℃ of conditions, under 0～5 ℃ of condition, slowly thaw again, vernalization is seen white radicle to scarification under 18～20 ℃ of conditions then, obtains the seed of sprouting;
Step 3, then greenhouse by solar heat (diurnal temperature remains on 18 ~ 20 ℃), make an inventory with the cave and to broadcast the seed of sprouting (generally carrying out in March), 1 of cave point.Every dish is 200/cave dish.Making an inventory to broadcast in the cave needs cover film;
Making an inventory and broadcast the seed of sprouting and undertaken by following step in the cave: waters end water in the dish of dress matrix cave, 1 seed of sprouting of every cave program request, finish with matrix and fill and lead up, the thin water of spray painting, cover film is preserved moisture, be put in sunshade and grow seedlings on the frame, described matrix by volume portion rate is sieved by 10 parts of peat, 0.5 part of perlite and the 0.1 part of chicken fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is mixed.
Step 4, treat that seedling is broken ground and throw off film, by kiwi fruit water management (see dried see wet) water spray, (generally being the first tenday period of a month in April to May);
Step 5, treat grow tall 3 ㎝ and when 4～5 true leaves (this moment root system fix matrix become to stick together) are arranged of cave seedling, be transplanted in the sunshade plastic tunnel, press ridge apart from 55 ㎝ making ridges, and to cover in the mulch film had openning hole (be that the hole that diameter is 4 ㎝ is beaten in the equidistant dislocation of 10 ㎝, line-spacing 10 ㎝ duplicate rows by spacing in the rows, dislocation distance 5 ㎝ between the adjacent nursery stock of duplicate rows), by 1 strain of every hole transplantation of seedlings is coiled in the hole in the cave, microspray irrigation is to irrigating the envelope cave; (than long sturdy of the nursery stock of overlay film not, branches and leaves are more in great numbers)
Step 6, pinching (promotion increases girth growth) when continuing to cultivate to height of seedling 30 ㎝;
Step 7, continuation are cultivated, when the footpath at nursery stock 5 ㎝ places apart from ground slightly reaches 0.4～0.5 ㎜, adopt green branch cleft graft be used for from production garden bearing tree then the innovation bar carry out grafting as scion, wiring is drawn in vertical rod then, two lines of every ridge degree of drawing high 35 ~ 45 ㎝, grafting length is carried out bondage and (is prevented lodging to the wiring place, the middle and lower part eye is sprouted), the indefinite bud that takes place on the stock of erasing simultaneously, (grafting generally finished at the beginning of 7 months);
The grafting of described green branch cleft graft is to choose the full green branch runner of the close bud of rugosity, simple bud is cut into the long section of 5 ㎝, and 1 ㎝ is stayed in the bud upper end, and inclined-plane Cheng Wedged shape is respectively cut in both sides under the bud, reeve is rived in the dark stock of 2 ㎝, is wrapped sternly (the bud bud exposes) with wide 0.8 ㎜ plastic film strip then.
Sunshade net (sunshade net light transmittance 70% to full exposure is opened in step 8, pinching when continuing to cultivate nursery stock length to 45 ~ 50 ㎝ then gradually.Be 1.7m eminence lateral stay in booth, every 5m far draws together,, the sunshade net has been held up, see that the light time removes to both sides, or pull to central authorities);
Step 9, continue to cultivate, treat the nursery stock stem brown maturation (generally in November) that begins to shoal, through heavy frost, blade is withered, shone bar 5 ~ 7, lifting has risen before frozen soil, the classification bundling, outdoor digging pit heeled in, and irritates permeable surviving the winter, and namely finishes the cultivation that the cold district open country is used the kiwi fruit nursery stock.
The present embodiment method is sowed then, and grafting then goes out into seedling, hides seed from sand and lasts 11 months to emerging, be that seedling raise period only is 11 months, effectively extended to 200～210 days by 130～140 days vegetative period, 20000 strains of mu (667 ㎡) amount of growing seedlings, 1 grade of seedling accounts for 90%, 2 grade and accounts for 7%, 3 grade and account for the 3%(seedling sorting: 1 grade of shoot root system is flourishing, the mature and plump bud is more than 10, and 2 grades of shoot roots are complete or flourishing, 7-9 of mature and plump buds, 3 grades of shoot roots are complete or flourishing, and ripe bud is below 6).
Embodiment two: present embodiment uses Chinese gooseberry and delicious kiwi fruit kiwi fruit cold-resistant variety seedling as stock; with from the bearing tree of the cold-resistant improved seeds of China system or delicious system then the innovation bar as scion; carry out cold district protection ground (general designation of greenhouse and plastic tunnel) cultivation and use the kiwi fruit cultivating seedlings, concrete grammar is undertaken by following step:
Step a, gather the ripening fruits of Chinese gooseberry or delicious kiwi fruit kind, dry after taking out seed then, covering dry in the shade 0 ~ 5 ℃ at dry place down storage preserve;
At the beginning of 1 month of step b, coming year, the seed that obtains with 30 ~ 40 ℃ water logging step 11 day, pack into then and imbed in the sand behind the yarn bag, cold storage is 60～70 days under-5～-15 ℃ of conditions, under 0～5 ℃ of condition, slowly thaw again, vernalization is seen white embryo to scarification under 18～20 ℃ of conditions then, namely obtains the seed of sprouting;
Step c, then greenhouse by solar heat (diurnal temperature remains on 18 ~ 20 ℃), make an inventory with the cave and to broadcast the seed of sprouting (generally carrying out in March), 1 of cave point.Every dish is 200/cave dish.Making an inventory to broadcast in the cave needs cover film;
Step c makes an inventory in the cave and broadcasts the seed of sprouting and undertaken by following step: water end water in the dish of dress matrix cave, 1 seed of sprouting of every cave program request, finish with matrix and fill and lead up, the thin water of spray painting, cover film is preserved moisture, be put in sunshade and grow seedlings on the frame, described matrix by volume portion rate is sieved by 10 parts of peat, 0.5 part of perlite and the 0.1 part of chicken fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is mixed.
Steps d, treat that seedling is broken ground and throw off film, by kiwi fruit water management (see dried see wet) water spray, (generally being the first tenday period of a month in April to May);
Step e, treat grow tall 3 ㎝ and when 3～4 true leaves (this moment root system can take up matrix) are arranged of cave seedling, be transplanted in the sunshade plastic tunnel, press ridge apart from 55 ㎝ making ridges, and to cover in the mulch film had openning hole (be that the hole that diameter is 4 ㎝ is beaten in the equidistant dislocation of 10 ㎝, line-spacing 10 ㎝ duplicate rows by spacing in the rows, dislocation distance 5 ㎝ between the adjacent nursery stock of duplicate rows), by 1 strain of every hole transplantation of seedlings is coiled in the hole in the cave, microspray irrigation is to irrigating the envelope cave;
Step f, continuation are cultivated, when the footpath at nursery stock 5 ㎝ places apart from ground slightly reaches 0.5～0.6 ㎜, pre-grafting internode place removes rough hair on 2 leaves of distance ground, adopt green branch cleft graft then, use from the bearing tree of the cold-resistant improved seeds of Chinese gooseberry and delicious kiwi fruit then the innovation bar carry out grafting as scion, wiring is drawn in vertical rod then, two parallel lines of every ridge degree of drawing high 45 ~ 50 ㎝, grafting length is carried out bondage and (is prevented lodging to the wiring place, the middle and lower part eye is sprouted), the indefinite bud of erasing simultaneously and taking place on the stock, (grafting generally finished at the beginning of 7 months).
The grafting of described green branch cleft graft is to choose the full green branch runner of the close bud of rugosity, simple bud is cut into the long section of 5 ㎝, and 1 ㎝ is stayed in the bud upper end, and inclined-plane Cheng Wedged shape is respectively cut in both sides under the bud, reeve is rived in the dark stock of 2 ㎝, is wrapped sternly (the bud bud exposes) with wide 0.8 ㎜ plastic film strip then.
Sunshade net (sunshade net light transmittance 70% to full exposure is opened in step g, pinching when continuing to cultivate nursery stock length to 50 ~ 52 ㎝ then gradually.Be 1.7m eminence lateral stay in booth, every 5m far draws together,, the sunshade net has been held up, see that the light time removes to both sides.Or pull to central authorities);
Step h, continuation are cultivated; treat that the nursery stock stem begins to deepen brown maturation (generally in November); through heavy frost, blade is withered, shines bar 8 ~ 10; lifting; risen before frozen soil, the classification bundling is digged pit in the cold house; heel in wet sand and to survive the winter, namely finish cold district protection ground cultivation with the cultivation of kiwi fruit nursery stock.
The present embodiment method is sowed then, grafting then goes out into seedling, hide seed from sand and last 11 months to emerging, namely seedling raise period only is 11 months, and effectively vegetative period was by 130～140 days, extend to 200～210 days, 13000 strains of mu (667 ㎡) amount of growing seedlings, 1 grade of seedling accounts for 92%, 2 grade and accounts for the 8%(seedling sorting: 1 grade of shoot root system is flourishing, and the mature and plump bud is more than 8,2 grades of shoot roots are complete or flourishing, and the mature and plump bud is below 7).
Embodiment three: present embodiment is the embodiment of germ plasm resource switching breeding.
Wild date-plum persimmon, dog jujube and Pueraria lobota jujube are the precious kiwi fruit resources in Heilongjiang Province, and abundant genetic diversity is arranged, and some population still keeps reset condition, and some disappears.The forest resources were felled improperly and were developed in nearly 60 years, had increased the weight of this wild fruit tree resource and had withered away, and had become the plant of gradually endangering.Utilize this natural precious resources for effectively protecting; carried out molecular labeling; the fruit proteomics; original position is dynamically investigated; research work such as the protection of dystopy germplasm garden and the cultivation of natural hybrization variation colony; the kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings that the present invention provides simultaneously returns mountain forest as switching germ plasm resource, the new purposes of fostering artificial secondary resource to use.
Present embodiment is spent in the zones to north latitude 50 at north latitude 44 degree, with the cold-resistant kiwi fruit seedling of open country as stock, with from germ plasm resource garden kind strain innovation bar as scion, carry out resource and foster and use the kiwi fruit cultivating seedlings, concrete grammar is undertaken by following step:
Step 1, the ripening fruits of gathering the open country kiwi fruit are dried after taking out seed then, covering dry in the shade 0 ~ 5 ℃ at dry place down storage preserve;
At the beginning of 1 month of step 2, coming year, water with 30 ~ 40 ℃, soak the seed 1 day that step 1 obtains, pack into then and imbed in the sand behind the yarn bag, cold storage is 60～70 days under-5～-15 ℃ of conditions, under 0～5 ℃ of condition, slowly thaw again, then under 18～20 ℃ of conditions vernalization to scarification, see white radicle, obtain the seed of sprouting;
Step 3, then greenhouse by solar heat (diurnal temperature remains on 18 ~ 20 ℃), make an inventory with the cave and to broadcast the seed of sprouting (generally carrying out in March), 1 of cave point.Every dish is 200/cave dish.Making an inventory to broadcast in the cave needs cover film;
Making an inventory and broadcast the seed of sprouting and undertaken by following step in the cave: waters end water in the dish of dress matrix cave, 1 seed of sprouting of every cave program request, finish with matrix and fill and lead up, the thin water of spray painting, cover film is preserved moisture, be put in sunshade and grow seedlings on the frame, described matrix by volume portion rate is sieved by 10 parts of peat, 0.5 part of perlite and the 0.1 part of chicken fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is mixed.
Step 4, treat that seedling is broken ground and throw off film, by kiwi fruit water management (see dried see wet) water spray, (generally being the first tenday period of a month in April to May);
Step 5, treat grow tall 3 ㎝ and when 4～5 true leaves (this moment root system fix matrix become to stick together) are arranged of cave seedling, being transplanted in the sunshade plastic tunnel that making ridge covers in the mulch film that has had openning hole (is that the hole that diameter is 4 ㎝ is beaten in the equidistant dislocation of 10 ㎝, line-spacing 10 ㎝ duplicate rows by spacing in the rows, dislocation distance 5 ㎝ between the adjacent nursery stock of duplicate rows) by 1 strain of every hole transplantation of seedlings is coiled in the hole in the cave, microspray irrigation is to irrigating the envelope cave; (than long sturdy of the nursery stock of overlay film not, branches and leaves are more in great numbers)
Step 6, pinching (promotion increases girth growth) when continuing to cultivate to height of seedling 30 ㎝;
Step 7, continuation are cultivated, when the footpath at nursery stock 5 ㎝ places apart from ground slightly reaches 0.4～0.5 ㎜, adopt green branch cleft graft use from the germ plasm resource garden then the innovation bar carry out grafting as scion, wiring is drawn in vertical rod then, two lines of every ridge degree of drawing high 35 ~ 45 ㎝, grafting length is carried out bondage and (is prevented lodging to the wiring place, the middle and lower part eye is sprouted), the indefinite bud that takes place on the stock of erasing simultaneously, (grafting generally finished at the beginning of 7 months);
The grafting of described green branch cleft graft is to choose the full green branch runner of the close bud of rugosity, and simple bud is cut into the long section of 5 ㎝, 1 ㎝ is stayed in the bud upper end, inclined-plane Cheng Wedged shape is respectively cut in both sides under the bud, injects in the dark stock of 2 ㎝ that rive, and is wrapped sternly (the bud bud exposes) with wide 0.8 ㎜ plastic film strip then.
Sunshade net (sunshade net light transmittance 70% to full exposure is opened in step 8, pinching when continuing to cultivate nursery stock length to 45 ~ 50 ㎝ then gradually.Be 1.7m eminence lateral stay in booth, every 5m far draws together,, the sunshade net has been held up, see that the light time removes to both sides.Or pull to central authorities);
Step 9, continuation are cultivated, treat the nursery stock stem brown maturation (generally in November) that begins to shoal, through heavy frost, blade is withered, shines bar 5 ~ 7, lifting, before frozen soil, risen, the classification bundling, outdoor digging pit heeled in, irritate permeable surviving the winter, namely finish germ plasm resource and foster the cultivation of using the kiwi fruit nursery stock.
Present embodiment with effective vegetative period by 130～140 days, extend to 200～210 days, mu (667 ㎡) amount of growing seedlings 20000 strains, 1 grade of seedling emergence rate reach 90%.
This patent innovative point especially is embodied in; high and cold area is cultivated long kiwi fruit nursery stock in vegetative period; solve the problem that can not go out the high-quality seedling in a year; this patent adopts a series of safeguard measures such as greenhouse, booth, cave dish, covering film; lengthened vegetative period; the quality, quantity of emerging all increases, thereby increases economic efficiency.
Claims (10)
1. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings is characterized in that cold-resistant kiwi fruit kind method for cultivating seedlings is undertaken by following step:
Step 1, the ripening fruits of gathering the cold-resistant kiwi fruit of open country are dried storage after taking out seed then;
At the beginning of 1 month of step 2, coming year, water with 30～40 ℃, soak the seed 1 day that step 1 obtains, pack into then and imbed in the sand behind the yarn bag, cold storage is 60～70 days under-5～-15 ℃ of conditions, slowly thaw under 0～5 ℃ of condition, vernalization obtains the seed of sprouting to scarification and see white radicle under 18～20 ℃ of conditions then again;
Step 3, then at greenhouse by solar heat, make an inventory with the cave and to broadcast the seed of sprouting, 1 of cave point, every dish is 200/cave dish, making an inventory to broadcast in the cave needs cover film;
Step 4, treat that seedling is broken ground and throw off film, press the kiwi fruit water management and cultivate, water spray inquire for dried see wet;
Step 5, treat grow tall 3 ㎝ and when 4～5 true leaves are arranged of cave seedling, transplanting is in the sunshade plastic tunnel, making ridge before transplanting, ridge is apart from 55 ㎝, covering the mulch film that has had openning hole, is that the hole that diameter is 4 ㎝ is beaten in the equidistant dislocation of 10 ㎝, line-spacing 10 ㎝ duplicate rows by spacing in the rows, by 1 strain of every hole transplantation of seedlings is coiled in the hole in the cave, microspray irrigation is to irrigating the envelope cave;
Step 6, pinching when continuing to cultivate to height of seedling 30 ㎝;
Step 7, continuation are cultivated, adopt green branch cleft graft to carry out grafting when the footpath at nursery stock 5 ㎝ places apart from ground slightly reaches 0.4～0.5 ㎜, wiring is drawn in vertical rod then, two parallel lines of every ridge degree of drawing high 35～45 ㎝, grafting is long to carry out bondage to the wiring place, the indefinite bud that takes place on the stock of erasing simultaneously;
Step 8, pinching when continuing to cultivate nursery stock length to 45～50 ㎝ are opened the sunshade net then gradually to full exposure;
Step 9, continue to cultivate, treat the nursery stock stem brown maturation that begins to shoal, through heavy frost, blade is withered, shone bar 5～7, lifting has risen before frozen soil, the classification bundling, outdoor digging pit heeled in, and irritates permeable surviving the winter, and namely finishes the cultivation that the kiwi fruit nursery stock is used in the cold district outdoor cropping.
2. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1 is characterized in that the seedling phase diurnal temperature in the step 3 greenhouse by solar heat remains on 18～20 ℃.
3. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 2, it is characterized in that making an inventory in the step 3 cave broadcasts the seed of sprouting and is undertaken by following step: water end water in the dish of dress matrix cave, 1 seed of sprouting of every cave program request, finish with matrix and fill and lead up, the thin water of spray painting, cover film is preserved moisture, and is put in sunshade and grows seedlings on the frame, and described matrix by volume portion rate is sieved by 10 parts of peat, 0.5 part of perlite and the 0.1 part of chicken fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings, it is characterized in that the grafting of the described green branch cleft graft of step 7, be to choose the full green branch runner of the close bud of rugosity, simple bud is cut into the long section of 5 ㎝, 1 ㎝ is stayed in the bud upper end, and inclined-plane Cheng Wedged shape is respectively cut in both sides under the bud, injects in the dark stock of 2 ㎝ that rive, expose the bud bud with wide 0.8 ㎜ plastic film strip then and be wrapped sternly, and irritate once permeable.
5. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 4, it is characterized in that step 7 is used from the row culture of the innovation then scion of the kind strain of germ plasm resource garden and production garden kind bearing tree carries out grafting.
6. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings is characterized in that cold resistant kiwi fruit kind method for cultivating seedlings is undertaken by following step:
Step a, gather China system or delicious food is the ripening fruits of kiwi fruit, dry storage after taking out seed then;
At the beginning of 1 month of step b, coming year, water with 30～40 ℃, soak the seed 1 day that step 1 obtains, pack into then and imbed in the sand behind the yarn bag, cold storage is 60～70 days under-5～-15 ℃ of conditions, slowly thaw under 0～5 ℃ of condition, vernalization obtains the seed of sprouting to scarification and see white radicle under 18～20 ℃ of conditions then again;
Step c, then at greenhouse by solar heat, make an inventory with the cave and to broadcast the seed of sprouting, 1 of cave point, every dish is 200/cave dish, making an inventory to broadcast in the cave needs cover film;
Steps d, treat that seedling is broken ground and throw off film, cultivate by the kiwi fruit water management, water spray inquire for dried see wet;
Step e, treat grow tall 3 ㎝ and when 4～5 true leaves are arranged of cave seedling, transplanting is in the sunshade plastic tunnel, making ridge before transplanting, ridge is apart from 55 ㎝, cover the mulch film that has had openning hole, spacing in the rows is that the hole that diameter is 4 ㎝ is beaten in the equidistant dislocation of 10 ㎝, line-spacing 10 ㎝ duplicate rows, by 1 strain of every hole transplantation of seedlings is coiled in the hole in the cave, microspray irrigation is to irrigating the envelope cave;
Step f, continuation are cultivated, when the footpath at 5 ㎝ places, distance ground slightly reaches 0.5～0.6 ㎜, pre-grafting internode place removes rough hair on 2 leaves of distance ground, adopt green branch cleft graft to carry out grafting then, wiring is drawn in vertical rod then, two parallel lines of every ridge degree of drawing high 40～50 ㎝, grafting is long to carry out bondage to the wiring place, the indefinite bud that takes place on the stock of erasing simultaneously;
Step g, pinching when continuing to cultivate nursery stock length to 50～52 ㎝ are opened the sunshade net then gradually to full exposure;
Step h, continuation are cultivated, and treat that the nursery stock stem begins to deepen the brown maturation, and through heavy frost, blade is withered; shone bar 8～10, lifting has risen before frozen soil, the classification bundling; in the cold house, dig pit, heel in wet sand and survive the winter, namely finish the cultivation that the kiwi fruit nursery stock is used in cold district protection ground cultivation.
7. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 6 is characterized in that the seedling phase diurnal temperature in the step c greenhouse by solar heat remains on 18～20 ℃.
8. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 7, it is characterized in that making an inventory in step c cave broadcasts the seed of sprouting and is undertaken by following step: water end water in the dish of dress matrix cave, 1 seed of sprouting of every cave program request, finish with matrix and fill and lead up, the thin water of spray painting, cover film is preserved moisture, and is put in sunshade and grows seedlings on the frame, and described matrix by volume portion rate is sieved by 10 parts of peat, 0.5 part of perlite and the 0.1 part of chicken fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed.
9. according to claim 6,7 or 8 described kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings, it is characterized in that the grafting of the described green branch cleft graft of step f, be to choose the full green branch runner of the close bud of rugosity, simple bud is cut into the long section of 5 ㎝, 1 ㎝ is stayed in the bud upper end, and inclined-plane Cheng Wedged shape is respectively cut in both sides under the bud, injects in the dark stock of 2 ㎝ that rive, expose the bud bud with wide 0.8 ㎜ plastic film strip then and be wrapped sternly, and irritate once permeable.
10. kiwi fruit method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 9, it is characterized in that step f with the bearing tree of cold-resistant improved seeds then the innovation bar carry out grafting as scion.
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