CN110050598B - Seedling growing method for improving grafting survival rate of Phoebe bournei - Google Patents
Seedling growing method for improving grafting survival rate of Phoebe bournei Download PDFInfo
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- CN110050598B CN110050598B CN201910392190.9A CN201910392190A CN110050598B CN 110050598 B CN110050598 B CN 110050598B CN 201910392190 A CN201910392190 A CN 201910392190A CN 110050598 B CN110050598 B CN 110050598B
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- 241001096797 Phoebe bournei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000218195 Lauraceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling growing method for improving grafting survival rate of phoebe bournei, which comprises the procedures of stock cultivation, scion mother tree selection, scion strip preservation, grafting and post-grafting management, wherein tissue culture seedlings of phoebe bournei cultivated for 6-8 months are used as stocks, fresh sprouts taken out in season on the phoebe bournei mother trees are collected as scions, grafting is carried out by adopting a single-bud cutting grafting method before and after spring beginning when buds of phoebe bournei winter buds are not unfolded, and the grafted stocks are transplanted to a nursery to be subjected to post-grafting management, so that a complete new plant is obtained. The selected grafting stock is a phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling, and a single-bud cutting grafting method is adopted for grafting, so that the root system quality of the stock is good, the survival rate is high, the grafted seedling grows rapidly, and the seedling raising time is shortened; the grafted seedlings are utilized to establish a good clone seed garden to produce a large amount of high-quality Phoebe bournei seeds, the problem of limited bearing capacity of a good single plant is solved, a foundation is laid for cultivating high-quality nursery stocks and building high-quality artificial forests, and the good economic benefit, the good environmental benefit and the good ecological benefit are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry plant cultivation, relates to a Phoebe bournei seedling cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a seedling cultivation method for grafting Phoebe bournei.
Background
Minnan (a Chinese character of Min)Phoebe bournei) Is evergreen arbor of Lauraceae (Lauraceae), is a Chinese special tree species, and is a national II-level wild protective plant. The tree trunk is tall, big and straight, the wood texture structure is beautiful, the fragrance is corrosion resistant, and the wood is a precious material for high-grade buildings, furniture, sculptures and precise wood molds.
At present, the Phoebe bournei is generally planted with seedling, but the natural Phoebe bournei forest can blossom and fruit in more than 10 years, and the fruit bearing has obvious big and small year phenomena, and is not strong or is little strong in a small year. In addition, people excessively fell and utilize the phoebe bournei in the natural forest for a long time, and the germination rate of the phoebe bournei seeds and the survival rate of seedlings in the field are very low due to large environmental stress, so that the number of natural populations of the phoebe bournei is reduced, and the quality of phoebe bournei resources is sharply reduced; on the other hand, people pay less attention to the artificial cultivation work of the phoebe bournei, so that the existing phoebe bournei resources are very deficient, and the backup resources are seriously insufficient. In order to protect germplasm resources of the tree species and expand the distribution range of the phoebe bournei, and finally to reasonably develop and utilize the phoebe bournei, research workers have developed research works such as artificial cultivation of the phoebe bournei. In the process of constructing a phoebe bournei seed garden and collecting and storing gene resources, grafting is a common and important technical means. The conventional grafting method generally uses a phoebe bournei seedling as a stock, and adopts the traditional cutting grafting method and bud grafting method to carry out grafting, so that the survival rate is about 30 percent, and the survival rate is lower; meanwhile, due to the limitation of seasons on the cultivation of the phoebe bournei seedlings, the optimal grafting time is missed when the seedlings grow to the grafting requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the seedling raising method which can effectively shorten the cultivation time and improve the grafting survival rate of the phoebe bournei at low cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a seedling growing method for improving grafting survival rate of Phoebe bournei is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of stock cultivation, scion mother tree selection, scion strip preservation, grafting and post-grafting management, wherein a tissue culture seedling of the phoebe bournei cultivated for 6-8 months is used as a stock, fresh sprouts taken out in the current season on the scion mother tree are collected and used as scions, a single-bud cutting method is adopted for grafting before and after spring, when winter buds of the phoebe bournei are not unfolded, the grafted stock is transplanted to a nursery for post-grafting management, and the main operation steps are as follows:
(1) stock cultivation: selecting a phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling which is robust in growth, good in growth vigor and free of diseases and insect pests, cultivating the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling for 6-8 months according to a conventional method, transplanting the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling into a seedling bed with a matrix I, then managing according to the conventional seedling cultivation method, and taking the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling as a stock for later use when the seedling recovers to grow and a new tip is extracted after one month;
(2) selecting the scion mother tree: selecting excellent single plants which are robust in growth, straight in trunk and thick in tender tips as scion stock trees before and after spring and before bud of the phoebe bournei is not unfolded in a superior variety source region of the phoebe bournei;
(3) selecting scions: selecting fresh sprout strips extracted in the current season on the scion mother tree;
(4) and (4) spike strip preservation: cutting the collected sprout strips according to the length of 20-30cm to be used as scions, and bundling; bundling with wet towel, horizontally placing, and transporting in a sealed box; after the seedlings reach the nursery, unfastening the binding ropes, vertically placing the sprout strips in a sealed box with a cover, covering the sprout strips with a wet towel, filling clear water with the depth of 2-3cm in the sealed box, and placing the sealed box in a cool place for later use;
(5) grafting: before and after spring, grafting is carried out when the bud buds of winter buds of the phoebe bournei are not unfolded and the nursery stocks used as the stocks are not germinated; cutting the stock into 20-25cm high, and grafting by adopting a single-bud cutting and grafting method; selecting a thick and smooth part of the stock bark, and vertically cutting off 2-3cm downwards between the bark layer and the xylem by a knife; selecting a plump bud from the scion, internally cutting the bud to a position 1-2cm below the bud to a position between the cortex and the xylem by a cutter, then cutting the bud to the bottom in parallel, cutting a long cutting surface to be 2-3cm long, reversing the scion, and flatly cutting the back surface at a position 0.5cm away from the bud to a position between the cortex and the xylem; inserting the long cutting surface of the scion inwards into the cut of the stock, and tightly connecting stock and scion forming layers; then, a brand-new plastic film belt is tightly wound on the grafting opening, and the grafting opening is tightly bound without touching the scion during binding; then, the grafted plant is sleeved by a zipper type self-sealing bag from top to bottom, the distance between the top of the self-sealing bag and the scion bud is 2-3cm, and the bottom of the self-sealing bag exceeds the grafting opening by 2-3 cm;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: transplanting the grafted stock to a nursery land filled with a matrix II, putting the stock into a ridge, and covering a plastic shed to completely seal the nursery land so as to keep the nursery land moist without water accumulation; if the temperature in the nursery land exceeds 32 ℃, opening the plastic sheds at the two ends of the nursery land for heat dissipation, spraying water in the nursery land at the evening to replenish water, covering the plastic sheds, and totally closing again; inspecting the sprouting and growing conditions of the scions, and removing the plastic shed on the outer cover when the scion wound is basically healed; after 15-20 days, puncturing the self-sealing bag sleeved at the top end of the nursery stock by using a needle; and after the scion wound is completely healed, loosening the plastic film belt bound on the nursery stock, and performing water management according to a conventional method.
The matrix I in the step (1) is prepared by uniformly mixing loess, peat soil, carbonized chaff and organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 6:2:1: 1.
The diameter of the sprout in the step (3) is 0.2-0.3cm, the sprout is light green and semi-lignified, the leaves are fine and light green, and the bud is not opened yet.
Timely grafting the collected scion wood in the step (4), vertically placing the scion wood which cannot be grafted timely in a container filled with clear water of 2-3cm, and grafting after cutting off the end part immersed in the clear water by 5cm when grafting.
The substrate II in the step (6) is prepared by uniformly mixing surface soil, sufficient fermentation mushroom dregs and chaff according to the volume ratio of 6:3: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the selected grafting stock is a phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling, the root system is developed, the growth is rapid, the tissue culture seedling is transplanted into a substrate I which is prepared according to the growth characteristics and has high air permeability, water retention and fertilizer efficiency for cultivation, the requirement of the stock required by grafting can be met in a short time, the activity is strong, the metabolism is vigorous, the healing of a grafting wound is facilitated, and the grafting survival rate is greatly improved; after the grafting survives, because the root system quality of the stock is good, the grafted seedling grows rapidly, the seedling time is shortened, and the seedling time is further shortened.
2. According to the method, the excellent single plants which grow robustly and have straight trunks and thick young tips before the bud buds of the phoebe bournei are unfolded are selected as the scion-collecting mother trees, the fresh sprouts extracted in the season are selected as the scions, and the selected branches are high in lignification degree and activity and beneficial to improvement of the grafting survival rate.
3. The invention effectively preserves, transports and manages the collected scion, greatly reduces the transportation time and cost, simultaneously reduces the water loss of the scion, ensures the vitality of the scion and improves the production efficiency.
4. The invention adopts the single-bud cutting grafting method for grafting, so that the left cambium, the right cambium, the upper cambium and the lower cambium of the stock and the scion can be connected, and the calluses can be quickly connected after being formed; because the phoebe bournei has fewer sprouts suitable for making scion, the single-bud cutting and grafting method can save scion, meanwhile, the diameter of the scion and the diameter of the stock adopted by the invention are smaller, the two are basically consistent in size, and the grafting survival rate is improved by adopting the single-bud cutting and grafting method; after grafting, the seedling is sleeved with the zipper type self-sealing bag, so that the growth of the seedling is not influenced, the infection probability of a grafting port can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of branch grafting is further improved.
5. According to the growth characteristics of the grafted Phoebe bournei seedlings, the matrix II with low cost and strong water retention is prepared, so that the grafted Phoebe bournei seedlings are thick and strong in root systems, good in seedling quality and capable of enhancing the afforestation effect.
6. According to the method, the grafted seedlings are used for establishing the excellent clone seed garden to produce a large number of high-quality phoebe bournei seeds, the problem that the bearing capacity of an excellent single plant is limited is solved, a foundation is laid for cultivating high-quality nursery stocks and building high-quality artificial forests, and the method has good economic benefits, environmental benefits and ecological benefits.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
selecting a phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling which is strong in growth, good in growth vigor and free of diseases and insect pests, cultivating the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling for 6-8 months according to a conventional method, transplanting the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling into a seedling bed provided with a matrix I formed by uniformly mixing yellow heart soil, peat soil, carbonized chaff and an organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 6:2:1:1, and then managing according to a conventional seedling cultivation method; and after one month, taking the seedlings as the stocks for later use when the seedlings grow again and new shoots are extracted. In a natural forest of the phoebe bournei in the excellent variety source region of the phoebe bournei, before and after spring and before bud of the phoebe bournei is not unfolded, selecting excellent single plants which are robust in growth, straight in trunk and stout as scion stock trees. Selecting fresh sprout strips extracted in the current season on the scion mother tree; the diameter of the sprout is 0.2-0.3cm, the sprout is light green and semi-lignified, the leaves are fine and light green, and the bud is not opened yet.
Cutting the collected sprout strips according to the length of 20cm to be used as scions, and bundling; bundling with wet towel, horizontally placing, and transporting in a sealed box; after the seedlings reach a nursery, unfastening the binding ropes, vertically placing the sprout strips in a sealed box with a cover, covering the sprout strips with a wet towel, filling clear water with the depth of 2cm in the sealed box, and placing the sealed box in a shade place for later use; timely grafting the picked scion, vertically placing the scion which cannot be grafted in time in a container filled with 2cm of clear water, and grafting after cutting off 5cm of end part immersed in the clear water when grafting.
Before and after spring, grafting is carried out when the bud buds of winter buds of the phoebe bournei are not unfolded and the nursery stocks used as the stocks are not germinated; cutting the stock into 20cm high, and grafting by adopting a single-bud cutting method; selecting a thick and smooth part of the stock bark on the stock, and vertically cutting the part between the bark layer and the xylem by 2cm downwards by using a knife; selecting a plump bud from the scion, internally cutting the bud to a position 1cm below the bud by a cutter to a position between the cortex and the xylem, then cutting the bud to the bottom in parallel, cutting a long cutting surface to be 2cm long, reversing the scion, and then flatly cutting the back surface at a position 0.5cm away from the bud to a position between the cortex and the xylem; inserting the long cutting surface of the scion inwards into the cut of the stock, and tightly connecting stock and scion forming layers; then, a brand-new plastic film belt is tightly wound on the grafting opening, and the grafting opening is tightly bound without touching the scion during binding; then, the grafted plant is sleeved by a zipper type self-sealing bag from top to bottom, the distance between the top of the self-sealing bag and the scion bud is 2-3cm, and the bottom of the self-sealing bag exceeds the grafting opening by 2-3 cm.
Transplanting the grafted stock into a nursery land filled with a matrix II formed by uniformly mixing surface soil, sufficient fermentation fungus residues and chaff according to the volume ratio of 6:3:1, putting the nursery land into a furrow, and covering a plastic shed to fully seal the nursery land so as to keep the nursery land moist without water accumulation; if the temperature in the nursery land exceeds 32 ℃, opening the plastic sheds at the two ends of the nursery land for heat dissipation, spraying water in the nursery land at the evening to replenish water, covering the plastic sheds, and totally closing again; inspecting the sprouting and growing conditions of the scions, and removing the plastic shed on the outer cover when the scion wound is basically healed; after 15-16 days, puncturing the self-sealing bag sleeved at the top end of the nursery stock by using a needle; and after the scion wound is completely healed, loosening the plastic film belt bound on the nursery stock, and performing water management according to a conventional method. The grafting survival rate reaches 91.5 percent.
Example 2:
selecting a phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling which is robust in growth, good in growth vigor and free of diseases and insect pests, cultivating 7 months by a conventional method, transplanting the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling into a seedling bed provided with a matrix I formed by uniformly mixing yellow heart soil, peat soil, carbonized chaff and an organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 6:2:1:1, and then managing by a conventional seedling cultivation method; and after one month, taking the seedlings as the stocks for later use when the seedlings grow again and new shoots are extracted. In a natural forest of the phoebe bournei in the excellent variety source region of the phoebe bournei, before and after spring and before bud of the phoebe bournei is not unfolded, selecting excellent single plants which are robust in growth, straight in trunk and stout as scion stock trees. Selecting fresh sprout strips extracted in the current season on the scion mother tree; the diameter of the sprout is 0.2-0.3cm, the sprout is light green and semi-lignified, the leaves are fine and light green, and the bud is not opened yet.
Cutting the collected sprout strips according to the length of 25cm to be used as scions, and bundling; bundling with wet towel, horizontally placing, and transporting in a sealed box; after the seedlings reach a nursery, unfastening the binding ropes, vertically placing the sprout strips in a sealed box with a cover, covering the sprout strips with a wet towel, filling clear water with the depth of 2cm in the sealed box, and placing the sealed box in a shade place for later use; timely grafting the picked scion, vertically placing the scion which cannot be grafted in time in a container filled with 2cm of clear water, and grafting after cutting off 5cm of end part immersed in the clear water when grafting.
Before and after spring, grafting is carried out when the bud buds of winter buds of the phoebe bournei are not unfolded and the nursery stocks used as the stocks are not germinated; cutting the stock into a height of 23cm, and grafting by adopting a single-bud cutting and grafting method; selecting a thick and smooth part of the stock bark on the stock, and vertically cutting the part between the bark layer and the xylem by 2cm downwards by using a knife; selecting a plump bud from the scion, internally cutting the bud to a position 1cm below the bud by a cutter to a position between the cortex and the xylem, then cutting the bud to the bottom in parallel, cutting a long cutting surface to be 2cm long, reversing the scion, and then flatly cutting the back surface at a position 0.5cm away from the bud to a position between the cortex and the xylem; inserting the long cutting surface of the scion inwards into the cut of the stock, and tightly connecting stock and scion forming layers; then, a brand-new plastic film belt is tightly wound on the grafting opening, and the grafting opening is tightly bound without touching the scion during binding; then, the grafted plant is sleeved by a zipper type self-sealing bag from top to bottom, the distance between the top of the self-sealing bag and the scion bud is 2-3cm, and the bottom of the self-sealing bag exceeds the grafting opening by 2-3 cm.
Transplanting the grafted stock into a nursery land filled with a matrix II formed by uniformly mixing surface soil, sufficient fermentation fungus residues and chaff according to the volume ratio of 6:3:1, putting the nursery land into a furrow, and covering a plastic shed to fully seal the nursery land so as to keep the nursery land moist without water accumulation; if the temperature in the nursery land exceeds 32 ℃, opening the plastic sheds at the two ends of the nursery land for heat dissipation, spraying water in the nursery land at the evening to replenish water, covering the plastic sheds, and totally closing again; inspecting the sprouting and growing conditions of the scions, and removing the plastic shed on the outer cover when the scion wound is basically healed; after 16-18 days, puncturing the self-sealing bag sleeved at the top end of the nursery stock by using a needle; and after the scion wound is completely healed, loosening the plastic film belt bound on the nursery stock, and performing water management according to a conventional method. The grafting survival rate reaches 92.1 percent.
Example 3:
selecting a phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling which is strong in growth, good in growth vigor and free of diseases and insect pests, cultivating the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling for 6-8 months according to a conventional method, transplanting the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling into a seedling bed provided with a matrix I formed by uniformly mixing yellow heart soil, peat soil, carbonized chaff and an organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 6:2:1:1, and then managing according to a conventional seedling cultivation method; and after one month, taking the seedlings as the stocks for later use when the seedlings grow again and new shoots are extracted. In a natural forest of the phoebe bournei in the excellent variety source region of the phoebe bournei, before and after spring and before bud of the phoebe bournei is not unfolded, selecting excellent single plants which are robust in growth, straight in trunk and stout as scion stock trees. Selecting fresh sprout strips extracted in the current season on the scion mother tree; the diameter of the sprout is 0.2-0.3cm, the sprout is light green and semi-lignified, the leaves are fine and light green, and the bud is not opened yet.
Cutting the collected sprout strips by 30cm in length to be used as scions, and bundling; bundling with wet towel, horizontally placing, and transporting in a sealed box; after the seedlings reach a nursery, unfastening the binding ropes, vertically placing the sprout strips in a sealed box with a cover, covering the sprout strips with a wet towel, filling clear water with the depth of 3cm in the sealed box, and placing the sealed box in a shade place for later use; timely grafting the picked scion, vertically placing the scion which cannot be grafted in time in a container filled with clear water of 3cm, and grafting after cutting off the end part immersed in the clear water by 5cm when grafting.
Before and after spring, grafting is carried out when the bud buds of winter buds of the phoebe bournei are not unfolded and the nursery stocks used as the stocks are not germinated; cutting the stock to be 25cm high, and grafting by adopting a single-bud cutting and grafting method; selecting a thick and smooth part of the stock bark on the stock, and vertically cutting 3cm downwards between the bark layer and the xylem by using a knife; selecting a plump bud from the scion, internally cutting the bud to a position 2cm below the bud by a cutter to a position between the cortex and the xylem, then cutting the bud to the bottom in parallel, cutting a long cutting surface to be 3cm long, reversing the scion, and flatly cutting the back surface to a position 0.5cm below the bud to a depth between the cortex and the xylem; inserting the long cutting surface of the scion inwards into the cut of the stock, and tightly connecting stock and scion forming layers; then, a brand-new plastic film belt is tightly wound on the grafting opening, and the grafting opening is tightly bound without touching the scion during binding; then, the grafted plant is sleeved by a zipper type self-sealing bag from top to bottom, the distance between the top of the self-sealing bag and the scion bud is 2-3cm, and the bottom of the self-sealing bag exceeds the grafting opening by 2-3 cm.
Transplanting the grafted stock into a nursery land filled with a matrix II formed by uniformly mixing surface soil, sufficient fermentation fungus residues and chaff according to the volume ratio of 6:3:1, putting the nursery land into a furrow, and covering a plastic shed to fully seal the nursery land so as to keep the nursery land moist without water accumulation; if the temperature in the nursery land exceeds 32 ℃, opening the plastic sheds at the two ends of the nursery land for heat dissipation, spraying water in the nursery land at the evening to replenish water, covering the plastic sheds, and totally closing again; inspecting the sprouting and growing conditions of the scions, and removing the plastic shed on the outer cover when the scion wound is basically healed; after 18-20 days, puncturing the self-sealing bag sleeved at the top end of the nursery stock by using a needle; and after the scion wound is completely healed, loosening the plastic film belt bound on the nursery stock, and performing water management according to a conventional method. The grafting survival rate reaches 92.6 percent.
Claims (1)
1. A seedling growing method for improving grafting survival rate of Phoebe bournei is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of stock cultivation, scion mother tree selection, scion strip preservation, grafting and post-grafting management, wherein a tissue culture seedling of the phoebe bournei cultivated for 6-8 months is used as a stock, fresh sprouts taken out in the current season on the scion mother tree are collected and used as scions, a single-bud cutting method is adopted for grafting before and after spring, when winter buds of the phoebe bournei are not unfolded, the grafted stock is transplanted to a nursery for post-grafting management, and the main operation steps are as follows:
(1) stock cultivation: selecting a phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling which is robust in growth, good in growth vigor and free of diseases and insect pests, cultivating the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling for 6-8 months according to a conventional method, transplanting the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling into a seedling bed with a matrix I, then managing according to the conventional seedling cultivation method, and taking the phoebe bournei tissue culture seedling as a stock for later use when the seedling recovers to grow and a new tip is extracted after one month;
the matrix I is prepared by uniformly mixing yellow core soil, peat soil, carbonized chaff and organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 6:2:1: 1;
(2) selecting the scion mother tree: selecting excellent single plants which are robust in growth, straight in trunk and thick in tender tips as scion stock trees before and after spring and before bud of the phoebe bournei is not unfolded in a superior variety source region of the phoebe bournei;
(3) selecting scions: selecting fresh sprout strips extracted in the current season on the scion mother tree;
the diameter of the sprout is 0.2-0.3cm, the sprout is light green and semi-lignified, the leaves are fine and light green, and the bud is not opened;
(4) and (4) spike strip preservation: cutting the collected sprout strips according to the length of 20-30cm to be used as scions, and bundling; bundling with wet towel, horizontally placing, and transporting in a sealed box; after the seedlings reach the nursery, unfastening the binding ropes, vertically placing the sprout strips in a sealed box with a cover, covering the sprout strips with a wet towel, filling clear water with the depth of 2-3cm in the sealed box, and placing the sealed box in a cool place for later use; timely grafting the picked scion, vertically placing the scion which cannot be grafted in time in a container filled with clear water of 2-3cm, and grafting after cutting off 5cm of the end part immersed in the clear water when grafting;
(5) grafting: before and after spring, grafting is carried out when the bud buds of winter buds of the phoebe bournei are not unfolded and the nursery stocks used as the stocks are not germinated; cutting the stock into 20-25cm high, and grafting by adopting a single-bud cutting and grafting method; selecting a thick and smooth part of the stock bark, and vertically cutting off 2-3cm downwards between the bark layer and the xylem by a knife; selecting a plump bud from the scion, internally cutting the bud to a position 1-2cm below the bud to a position between the cortex and the xylem by a cutter, then cutting the bud to the bottom in parallel, cutting a long cutting surface to be 2-3cm long, reversing the scion, and flatly cutting the back surface at a position 0.5cm away from the bud to a position between the cortex and the xylem; inserting the long cutting surface of the scion inwards into the cut of the stock, and tightly connecting stock and scion forming layers; then, a brand-new plastic film belt is tightly wound on the grafting opening, and the grafting opening is tightly bound without touching the scion during binding; then, the grafted plant is sleeved by a zipper type self-sealing bag from top to bottom, the distance between the top of the self-sealing bag and the scion bud is 2-3cm, and the bottom of the self-sealing bag exceeds the grafting opening by 2-3 cm;
(6) and (3) management after grafting: transplanting the grafted stock to a nursery land filled with a matrix II, putting the stock into a ridge, and covering a plastic shed to completely seal the nursery land so as to keep the nursery land moist without water accumulation; if the temperature in the nursery land exceeds 32 ℃, opening the plastic sheds at the two ends of the nursery land for heat dissipation, spraying water in the nursery land at the evening to replenish water, covering the plastic sheds, and totally closing again; inspecting the sprouting and growing conditions of the scions, and removing the plastic shed on the outer cover when the scion wound is basically healed; after 15-20 days, puncturing the self-sealing bag sleeved at the top end of the nursery stock by using a needle; after the scion wound is completely healed, unfastening the plastic film belt bound on the nursery stock, and carrying out water management according to a conventional method;
the substrate II is prepared by uniformly mixing surface soil, sufficient fermentation mushroom dregs and chaff according to the volume ratio of 6:3: 1.
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