CN106718096B - Rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits, and discloses a garden building method of a system for reforming a garden, selecting and storing seed strips, selecting rootstocks, preparing grafting and grafting to planting, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) the direct grafting and field planting method is adopted, the management procedure of nursery seedling propagation is omitted, the kiwi fruit garden is grown in advance for one year, and the method is suitable for a newly-built kiwi fruit garden with fully improved soil, and is time-saving and labor-saving; (2) the row spacing of the grafted seedlings for field planting is reasonable, the space in front of the plants is large, and the growth of the seedlings is facilitated; (3) only new kiwi fruit branches and wild seedling stocks need to be introduced in winter, thereby reducing the disease and insect pest propagation of nursery gardens in the nursery stock breeding process, reducing the occurrence probability of the disease and insect pest and improving the quality of nursery stocks; (4) the management level is higher, and the fertilizer water is sufficient, and the nursery stock can grow fast after sprouting, puts on shelf promptly in the year, is favorable to the quick maturity in gardens.

Description

Rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of kiwi fruit planting, in particular to a rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits.

Background

Because the kiwi fruit contains abundant vitamins, especially high content of vitamin C, it is called the king of fruit. China is the origin of kiwi fruits, natural resources are very rich, after a delicious kiwi fruit variety Hawode is bred from introduced seeds in China in New Zealand, commercial cultivation is started, and people start to recognize the unique flavor and the unique commodity value of the fruit. The research and the commercialized development and utilization of Chinese kiwi fruits are late, but the development is rapid, the cultivation area of the kiwi fruits in China is rapidly enlarged along with the development of the kiwi fruit industry and the improvement of the gardening cultivation technology, because the natural resources of the Chinese kiwi fruits are very rich, a plurality of excellent varieties are bred from wild resources, in addition, in recent years, hybrid breeding also breeds a plurality of good varieties, some red-heart, yellow-meat and instant varieties are more suitable for the market demand and are favored by consumers, so the demand of the excellent varieties is increasingly increased, in order to meet the market demand, fruit growers are increasingly more intense for the varieties, nursery stocks of some excellent new varieties are expensive in the market, sometimes even supply the demand is not met, the market is difficult to buy, and the best opportunity of building gardens is delayed due to the lack of kiwi fruit nursery stocks.

How to solve the problem of shortage of good kiwi fruit variety seedlings, quickening the orchard establishment progress and enabling the kiwi fruit orchard to carry out fruit fast and put into production needs a new technical scheme.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the problem of shortage of good kiwi fruit variety seedlings in the prior art, the invention provides a rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruit, which can improve the quality of kiwi fruit seedlings, is beneficial to rapid maturation of kiwi fruit garden and can reduce the spread of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling breeding process.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:

(1) garden reforming: thoroughly improving soil for building a garden in 12 months of the last year, deeply turning over surface soil to a depth of 35-40cm, fully and uniformly mixing a substrate and the surface soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the soil according to 25kg per square meter, making high ridges, and fully freezing and drying in the sun in winter for later use;

(2) seed selection and storage treatment: collecting the seed strips in the winter dormant period of one year on the garden building, and selecting fully mature branches with full bud eyes and no diseases, pests and mechanical damage as the seed strips; cutting the length of the seed strips to 50-60cm, and storing the seed strips indoors by adopting a method of stacking one layer of river sand and one layer of seed strips, wherein the river sand is prevented from being excessively dry and excessively wet, and the humidity is maintained at 50-55%;

(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting annual wild kiwi seedlings with developed root systems and no diseases and insect pests;

(4) grafting preparation: selecting the time for grafting, digging out the selected rootstocks from the nursery land in the last 2 th of the year, keeping complete root systems as far as possible, digging up the rootstocks at any time, taking out the seed strips stored in the step (2) from river sand, cleaning the seed strips, and wrapping the seed strips with wet cloth for later use to prevent the branches from drying;

(5) grafting: immediately taking the dug stock back to the room for grafting, performing short-cut at a position 20-25cm away from the rootstock of the stock, wherein the range of 2.5-3cm below a cut is straight, and splitting the stock downwards from the top of the stock by using a grafting knife, wherein the length of the cut is 2.5-3 cm; adopting a cutting grafting method to carry out grafting, carrying out single-bud grafting, wherein during scion treatment, a grafting knife is used for downwards cutting the scion into a wedge shape at the position of 0.8-1.0cm below the left side and the right side of the side surface of a bud, the length of a section where the scion is attached to a stock is 2.5-3cm, and the width of the section is consistent with the width of a chopping port of the stock, after the scion is cut, the section 1-1.5cm away from the upper part of a grafted bud is cut to form a single-bud scion, the cut scion is inserted into the chopping port of the stock to align to a cambium, a film is flatly laid to bind the grafting port, the film is gradually wound upwards from bottom to top to prevent rain leakage, the chopping port of the stock is tightly wound, and simultaneously the upper cutting port of the stock, the side surface of the scion and the cutting port on of the bud are all;

(6) planting: directly planting the grafted nursery stock on a prepared ridge, wherein the row spacing of the nursery stock is 2 multiplied by 6m, watering thoroughly after planting, arranging drip irrigation on two sides of the nursery stock, covering the ground surface by using a gardening ground fabric, supplementing soil moisture in time, inserting a bamboo rod beside the nursery stock when the nursery stock sprouts 20-30cm long, frequently inducing and binding a young shoot, preventing the young shoot from being wound on the bamboo rod, keeping the young shoot growing vertically and upwards, placing the main shoot side on a shed as a 1 st main branch when the nursery stock grows on the shed, inducing the auxiliary shoot to the other side at a position about 30cm below the shed as a 2 nd main branch, and configuring side branches and fruiting mother branches on the two main branches.

In order to increase the fertility and nutrition of soil, the substrate in the step (1) is prepared by mixing, fermenting and decomposing straw, vinegar residue, mushroom material and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 4: 3: 2: 1.

Furthermore, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) contains 45% of organic matters, N5%, P5% and K5% by mass.

More preferably, the thickness of the seed stick in step (2) is selected to be 0.6-1.0 cm.

More preferably, the thickness of the selected trunk of the rootstock in the step (3) is 0.8-1.2 cm.

In some embodiments, the width of the film in step (5) is 2.5 cm.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides a rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits, and discloses a garden building method of a system for reforming a garden, selecting and storing seed strips, selecting rootstocks, preparing grafting and grafting to planting, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) the direct grafting and field planting method is adopted, the management procedure of nursery seedling propagation is omitted, the kiwi fruit garden is grown in advance for one year, and the method is suitable for a newly-built kiwi fruit garden with fully improved soil, and is time-saving and labor-saving; (2) the row spacing of the grafted seedlings for field planting is reasonable, the space in front of the plants is large, and the growth of the seedlings is facilitated; (3) only new kiwi fruit branches and wild seedling stocks need to be introduced in winter, thereby reducing the disease and insect pest propagation of nursery gardens in the nursery stock breeding process, reducing the occurrence probability of the disease and insect pest and improving the quality of nursery stocks; (4) the management level is higher, and the fertilizer water is sufficient, and the nursery stock can grow fast after sprouting, puts on shelf promptly in the year, is favorable to the quick maturity in gardens.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:

example 1:

a rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:

A) test site: experimental base of Zhenjiang agricultural science research institute in hilly areas of Jiangsu province

B) Test time: 2014 + 2015

C) Test materials: the Kiwi berry variety is Jinnong

D) The implementation method comprises the following steps:

(1) garden reforming: thoroughly improving soil for building a garden in 12 months in 2014, deeply turning over surface soil to a depth of 35-40cm, fully and uniformly mixing a substrate and the surface soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the soil according to 25kg per square meter, making high ridges, and fully freezing and drying in the sun in winter for later use; in order to increase the soil fertility and nutrition, the matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: straw, vinegar residue, mushroom material and chicken manure are fermented and decomposed according to the weight ratio of 4: 3: 2: 1, and the organic fertilizer comprises 45% of organic matters, 5% of N, 5% of P and 5% of K by mass.

(2) Seed selection and storage treatment: collecting the seed strips in the winter dormant period of one year on the garden building, and selecting fully mature branches with full bud eyes and no diseases, pests and mechanical damage as the seed strips; selecting seed strips with thickness of 0.6-1.0cm, cutting seed strips to 50-60cm, and storing in room by stacking one layer of river sand and one layer of seed strips, wherein the river sand is prohibited from being over-dry and over-wet, and the humidity is maintained at 50-55%;

(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting annual wild delicious kiwi fruit seedlings with developed root systems and no diseases and insect pests, and selecting stems with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm;

(4) grafting preparation: the grafting time is 2015 year 2 late ten days, the selected rootstocks are dug out from the nursery land, the root systems are kept as complete as possible, the rootstocks are dug along with the use, meanwhile, the seed strips stored in the step (2) are taken out from river sand and cleaned, and the seed strips are wrapped by wet cloth for later use, so that the branch drying is prevented;

(5) grafting: immediately taking the dug stock back to the room for grafting, performing short-cut at a position 20-25cm away from the rootstock of the stock, wherein the range of 2.5-3cm below a cut is straight, and splitting the stock downwards from the top of the stock by using a grafting knife, wherein the length of the cut is 2.5-3 cm; adopting a cutting method to carry out grafting, carrying out single-bud grafting, wherein during scion treatment, a grafting knife is used for downwards cutting the scion into a wedge shape at the position of 0.8-1.0cm below the left side and the right side of the side surface of a bud, the length of a section, which is attached to a stock, of the scion is 2.5-3cm, and the width of the section is consistent with the width of a wood cleft of the stock, after the scion is cut, the section, which is 1-1.5cm away from the upper part of a grafted bud, is short-cut to form a single-bud scion, the cut scion is inserted into the wood cleft of the stock to align to a cambium, a film with the width of 2.5cm is flatly laid and bound with a grafting interface, the film is gradually wound upwards from bottom to top to prevent rain leakage, the wood cleft is tightly wound, and simultaneously the upper cut of the stock, the side surface of the scion and;

(6) planting: directly planting the grafted nursery stock on a prepared ridge, wherein the row spacing of the nursery stock is 2 multiplied by 6m, watering thoroughly after planting, arranging drip irrigation on two sides of the nursery stock, covering the ground surface by using a gardening ground fabric, supplementing soil moisture in time, inserting a bamboo rod beside the nursery stock when the nursery stock sprouts 20-30cm long, frequently inducing and binding a young shoot, preventing the young shoot from being wound on the bamboo rod, keeping the young shoot growing vertically and upwards, placing the main shoot side on a shed as a 1 st main branch when the nursery stock grows on the shed, inducing the auxiliary shoot to the other side at a position about 30cm below the shed as a 2 nd main branch, and configuring side branches and fruiting mother branches on the two main branches.

Example 2: the kiwi fruit cultivar Jinshui No. 3 was the same as example 1.

Example 3: the kiwi fruit cultivar is Jinxia, and the rest is the same as example 1.

Comparative example: the test site, time and materials were the same as in example 1, and the park establishment was carried out according to the ordinary park establishment method.

The test results of examples 1-3 and comparative examples were compared as follows:

1) survival and growth conditions of the grafted kiwi fruit seedlings:

after indoor grafting, directly planting the seedlings in an orchard, wherein stock adopts seedlings of wild delicious kiwi fruits with good affinity, and randomly determining 10 grafted seedlings as investigation objects. As shown in table 1: the survival rate of a plurality of Chinese gooseberries of the embodiments 1-3 is better, and the survival rate of Jinnong is relatively higher and reaches 90%; whereas the relative low survival rate of the comparative example jinnong is 60%. From the growth vigor, the growth of the golden clouds is vigorous, the root diameter of the grafted seedling in the current year reaches 1.12cm, and the length of the new tip of the trunk reaches 2.42 m; the jinnong of example 1 grows relatively weakly, the thickness of the rootstock is only 0.77cm, and the thickness of the rootstock of jinshui No. 3 is 0.85cm, but the jinnong still has obvious advantages relative to the jinnong of the comparative example.

TABLE 1 example 1-3 Kiwi fruit variety grafting survival rate and growth conditions

Variety of (IV) C	Survival rate of grafting%	Root diameter/cm	Young sprout length/cm
				Example 1 (Jinnong)	90	0.77	2.13
Comparison example (Jinnong)	60	0.69	2.06
				Example 2 (Jinshui No. 3)	70	0.85	2.45
Example 3 (Jinxia)	80	1.12	2.42

2) Probability of plant diseases and insect pests and influence on fruiting habit and fruit type of kiwi fruit in next year

Through grafting and field planting, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, and the fruits can bloom and bear fruits in the 2 nd year, which can be seen from the table 2: the fruiting habits of a plurality of kiwi fruit varieties are tested, the highest germination rate of Jinshui No. 3 can reach 94.6%, the fruit branch rate can also reach 91.2%, the Jinxia is vigorous, and the fruit branch rate is lower by 15.9%; the average number of the flower spikes of the fruit branches is better than that of Jinshui No. 3 and Jinxia, and 2.55 and 2.69 flower spikes per fruit branch are achieved. From the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests, the garden plant disease and insect pests occurrence probability of the embodiment 1-3 is only 10% and 15%, and the garden plant disease and insect pest occurrence probability of the comparative example adopting the common garden building mode is higher and is 35%, so that the novel garden building mode can effectively reduce the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests.

The fruit types of several varieties in examples 1-3 are uniformly expressed, the average single fruit weight reaches more than 80g, the larger average single fruit weight of the fruit type of Jinxia reaches 93.3g, and the relative smaller number of Jinshui No. 3 reaches 81.1 g; in the next year, thinning fruits after fruiting is carried out for culturing trees, and less fruits are fruiting, so that the average single-plant yield is relatively low. The point of the Jinnong fruit type in the comparative example is clearly inferior in terms of germination rate, fruit branch rate, or individual fruit weight and yield.

Table 2: examples 1-3 Effect of grafting and permanent planting of Kiwi fruit varieties on fruiting habit in the following year

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the scope of the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to modify the invention in its various equivalent forms after reading the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A rapid garden building method for grafting and planting kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) garden reforming: thoroughly improving soil for building a garden in 12 months of the last year, deeply turning over surface soil to a depth of 35-40cm, fully and uniformly mixing a substrate and the surface soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the soil according to 25kg per square meter, making high ridges, and fully freezing and drying in the sun in winter for later use; the substrate is prepared by mixing, fermenting and decomposing straw, vinegar residue, mushroom material and chicken manure according to the ratio of 4: 3: 2: 1 by mass; the organic fertilizer comprises 45% of organic matters, 5% of N, 5% of P and 5% of K by mass; (2) seed selection and storage treatment: collecting the seed strips in the winter dormant period of one year on the garden building, and selecting fully mature branches with full bud eyes and no diseases, pests and mechanical damage as the seed strips; cutting the length of the seed strips to 50-60cm, and storing the seed strips indoors by adopting a method of stacking one layer of river sand and one layer of seed strips, wherein the river sand is prevented from being excessively dry and excessively wet, and the humidity is maintained at 50-55%; selecting the thickness of the seed strips to be 0.6-1.0 cm;

(3) selecting the rootstock: selecting annual wild kiwi seedlings with developed root systems and no diseases and insect pests; the thickness of the selected trunk of the stock is 0.8-1.2 cm;

(4) grafting preparation: selecting the time for grafting, digging out the selected rootstocks from the nursery land in the last 2 th of the year, keeping complete root systems as far as possible, digging up the rootstocks at any time, taking out the seed strips stored in the step (2) from river sand, cleaning the seed strips, and wrapping the seed strips with wet cloth for later use;

(5) grafting: immediately taking the dug stock back to the room for grafting, performing short-cut at a position 20-25cm away from the rootstock of the stock, wherein the range of 2.5-3cm below a cut is straight, and splitting the stock downwards from the top of the stock by using a grafting knife, wherein the length of the cut is 2.5-3 cm; adopting a cutting grafting method to carry out grafting, carrying out single-bud grafting, wherein during scion treatment, a grafting knife is used for downwards cutting the scion into a wedge shape at the position of 0.8-1.0cm below the left side and the right side of the side surface of a bud, the length of a section where the scion is attached to a stock is 2.5-3cm, and the width of the section is consistent with the width of a chopping port of the stock, after the scion is cut, the section 1-1.5cm away from the upper part of a grafted bud is cut to form a single-bud scion, the cut scion is inserted into the chopping port of the stock to align to a cambium, a film is flatly laid to bind the grafting port, the film is gradually wound upwards from bottom to top to prevent rain leakage, the chopping port of the stock is tightly wound, and simultaneously the upper cutting port of the stock, the side surface of the scion and the cutting port on of the bud are all; the width of the film is 2.5 cm;

(6) planting: directly planting the grafted nursery stock on a prepared ridge, wherein the row spacing of the nursery stock is 2 multiplied by 6m, watering thoroughly after planting, arranging drip irrigation on two sides of the nursery stock, covering the ground surface by using a gardening ground fabric, supplementing soil moisture in time, inserting a bamboo rod beside the nursery stock when the nursery stock sprouts 20-30cm long, frequently inducing and binding a young shoot, preventing the young shoot from being wound on the bamboo rod, keeping the young shoot growing vertically and upwards, placing the main shoot side on a shed as a 1 st main branch when the nursery stock grows on the shed, inducing the auxiliary shoot to the other side at a position about 30cm below the shed as a 2 nd main branch, and configuring side branches and fruiting mother branches on the two main branches.