CN102884924B - Rapid container seedling culturing method for peach - Google Patents
Rapid container seedling culturing method for peach Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid container seedling culturing method for peach. The method provided by the invention comprises the steps of preparing a tree stock, selecting a container, preparing nutrient soil, culturing a grafted seedling, managing the grafted seedling and seedling outplanting. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the conventional seedling culturing time of two years is reduced to be ten months, the outplanting of seedlings is rapid, the transplanting of seedlings is not limited by seasons, the survival rate after field planting is high, the seedling reviving time is avoided, the amount of growth in the initial stage is great, flower bud differentiation appears earlier than planned, the high yield in early stage is realized, meanwhile the phenomenon of multiple plant diseases and insect pests caused by continuous cropping in field seedling cultivating is also avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree seedling culture technology, relate to specifically a kind of pear tree container fast seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Pears are a kind of strong adaptabilities, and the growth life-span is long, the fruit tree that economic benefit is higher.Pear tree belongs to the third-largest fruit tree in China, and area under cultivation and output are only second to apple and oranges and tangerines, and distribution is all arranged throughout the country, and germ plasm resource is abundant.Each fruit tree R﹠D institution of the whole nation has carried out a large amount of research to pear tree breeding aspect, has found many improved seeds that are worthy to be popularized.At present, the numerous seedling of pear tree or take the numerous seedling in conventional land for growing field crops as main, but due to the impact of administrative skill and environmental factor, the problem that pears seedling breeding survival rate is low, the nursery stock damage by disease and insect is serious, cause the nursery stock shortage, hindered the promotion rate of New pear variety, restricting the development of pear tree industry.Conventional pear tree is grown seedlings and starts to carry out the stock cultivation from First Year, need could cultivate into grafting finished product seedling through 2 years, soil is had relatively high expectations, need avoid continuous cropping, the damage by disease and insect phenomenon is comparatively serious, easily hinders root during lifting, and after field planting, seedling-slowing stage is long, be subject to seasonal restrictions (spent spring, be difficult to summer plant).And container nursery can overcome all drawbacks of aforementioned conventional seedbed system fully by optimal design and scientific management to technology such as container, matrix, liquid manure.
Container nursery refers to apply special container and cultivates the seedling raising manners of crop or fruit tree, flowers, forest seedling, because it has that growing-seedling period is short, lifting and the fortune seedling does not damage root system, planting survival rates is high and, without advantages such as season limit, day by day be subject to welcome and the employing of world.Though China has started the research of container seedling in the sixties in 20th century, due to the series of studies that lacks production technology with support the use, the container nursery slower development, mainly concentrate on the research of coniferous species and deciduous species container nursery at southern area.Container nursery only had report in the research aspect fruit tree on apple and oranges and tangerines, there is not yet report on pear tree.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of pears container fast seedling-cultivating method, overcomes defect and the deficiency of conventional seedbed system, shortens nursery stage, and field planting at any time improves seedling quality.
Provided by the present invention is a kind of pear tree container fast seedling-cultivating method, and it comprises:
One, stock is cultivated
1. do bed select loose, draining is good, sunshine sufficient soil as ground, garden, plough deeply 2～3 times, execute 2500～4000 kilograms of decomposed cow dungs in conjunction with ploughing deeply every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, soil palpus thorough disinfection simultaneously, ground, every mu of garden phoxim medicine soil 100kg and thiophanate methyl or carbendazim medicine soil 100kg, be sprinkled in soil when ploughing, then thin rake is made bed, wide 1m left and right, seedbed, and seedbed must be higher than pavement 15～20cm;
2. stock seed collection and processing
Select birchleaf pear seed then, with rotten seed, not plump seed, damaged seed and ill worm seed pick out, and first use 50～60 ℃ of water seed soakings, and 2d changes water 1 time, soaks 4～5d, then with water after 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30min, rinses well, dries in the shade rear standby;
3. sowing
Sowing time carries out before part frozen soil in November,, the seedbed water of drenching, soil is sunk, the drilling of ditching on the furrow of putting in order before sowing, ditch depth is the 2cm left and right, ditch spacing 30cm left and right, broadcast rear earthing, the thick 1cm that is no more than, cover seedbed with plastic film again, note after seedling is unearthed scratching at any time bud, it is exposed beyond film, in case the calcination seedling;
4. the management of rootstock seedling
At the beginning of 4 months, will carry out thinning, final singling when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf, stay seedling spacing in the rows 10cm left and right, should strengthen rich water quality management seedling stage, to water water about 10 days one time, wanted timely intertill and clean tillage at every turn after pouring water 3-5 days, topdress for the first time and carry out after final singling, topdress per month once later, each every mu applies urea 10-15 kilogram, the stock sprout term disease is mainly damping off, and insect pest has mole cricket, grub, chafer and aphid etc., needs in time to carry out chemical control according to the concrete condition that damage by disease and insect occurs;
Two, the selection of container
The container that the container cultivation is selected comprises any one in snakeskin bag, non-woven bag, pottery pot, vinyon flowerpot, polyethylene plastic bag, and containers size is 25cm * 25cm (bottom surface diameter * height);
Three, the preparation of Nutrition Soil
The Nutrition Soil composition adopts one of following 8 kinds of matrix: the A1-garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 1; A2-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 1: 1; A3-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 2: 1; A4-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 3: 1; A5-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 1: 1; A6-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 2: 1; A7-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 3: 1; A8-mushroom slag: rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure 1: 1: 1: 1 mixes, and described ratio is volume ratio, and all matrix are sieved soil block, foreign material are removed, then with 1% liquor potassic permanganate, spray and water sterilization;
Four, transplant
To the May～when June, seedling grew 3～5 true leaves, in the described container of step 2, it is too full that Nutrition Soil can not fill with seedling replanting, will note protecting seedling during dress soil, water permeable after planting well, soil and root are connected airtight, and then ditching is buried in the earth the container the latter half of having transplanted seedling, the placement of basseting of container the first half, when the vessel surface drying is turned white, water one time permeable, afterwards every 15 days with the spraying of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, pre-disease prevention;
Five, the cultivation of grafting
Grow seedlings late June then, when stock reaches 0.8-1cm apart from the rugosity at soil table 15-20cm place, get final product in good time grafting, scion will be taked from selected kind current-year branch, clip robust growth, eye enrich, lignification, slightly at the branch of 0.4～0.6 centimetre, clip approximately 20～30 centimetres segment and cut off blade and stay petiole.Grafting method adopts Improvement type to paste bud grafting, and to paste bud grafting slightly different from routine, and concrete operation method is: during grafting stock apart from ground 5～8 centimeters select a shiny surface, gently cut a cutter downwards, be about 2～3cm, deeply reach xylem, and cortex upper end 2/3 part that will cut cuts away, and keeps bottom 0.7cm; Then, left hand is held scion, and the right hand is taken grafting knife, cut to 1.5cm below bud from the lower cutter of the top 1.5cm that budders is flat, and xylem slightly, then sentence 45° angle from the below 1cm of bud and splay and take off the bud sheet.Then the insertion stock of buddering, making as far as possible budders aligns with formation layer one side of stock, with film, pricks and sternly tightens, and makes it waterproof, air tight.With the bottom-up wrapping consolidation of the wide film strip of 2cm, but eye is exposed, in order to survive, branches out, and grafting after 15 days, once become biopsy to scion.Method is: touch while buddering with hand, petiole one touches namely to fall, and illustrates and takes over a job.Take out when buddering and send out while reaching 30cm, available scraper scratches the binder solution and ties up, and 1cm cuts anvil in place above buddering, and the rightabout of clip and bud is 30 °～45° angle, and clip is level and smooth, and with glue coating, smears clip, in order to avoid water loss and germ invasion;
Six, the management of grafting
the stock rudiment of will in time erasing after grafting survival, to reduce nutrient loss, in time weed with a hoe, in time water, can not overdrying or excessively wet, summer temperature surpasses 28 ℃ and will lower the temperature with sunshade net, height of seedling 20cm to be grafted left and right, while having 7～8 leaves, insert bamboo pole, grafting is fixed on bamboo pole, spray per month 0.2%～0.3% urea 1～2 time in late June～late August, in early September～late September, sprayed 0.1%～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time every 15 days, be also noted that the control of damage by disease and insect seedling stage, the main diseases insect pest of pears seedling is aphid and brown spot, aphid 2000 times of liquid of Imidacloprid, brown spot is prevented and treated with 700 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl,
Seven, outplanting
Then grafting in autumn nursery stock grow up to leading thread and be that 10mm is above, height of seedling is 80cm～during 100cm, get final product field planting, during field planting, container is removed, be with native ball field planting.Described container is preferably non-woven bag.Described phoxim medicine soil is made with 100kg soil for the 0.65kg phoxim, and described thiophanate methyl or carbendazim medicine soil mix and make with 100kg soil for 0.86kg thiophanate methyl or powder of carbendazim.It is 1: 1: 1 by volume that described Nutrition Soil is preferably mushroom slag, rice chaff ash, garden mould and dried poultrymanure: 1 preparation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention creatively sums up the method for a whole set of pears container fast seedling growing, and concrete advantage is as follows:
1, the application, by the selection to cultivation, container and the seedling medium of stock, has effectively shortened seedling raise period, and by conventional seedbed system 2 years shorten to 10 months.
2, by half buried placement to container, slowed down the degree of drought of container seedling, reduced irrigation times, save workload;
3, container seedling is planted and is not subject to seasonal restrictions, and all can plant throughout the year, not only is confined to spring;
4, effectively solved field seedling raising on the spot environmental requirement is higher, not there will be the plot rotation, the problem such as continuous cropping causes a disease, and nursery stage is longer, and lifting is time-consuming takes a lot of work, and easily hinders root, and after field planting, seedling-slowing stage is longer, and the nursery stock quality is not high;
5, root system forms in container, and well-developed complete root ball is arranged, and does not hinder root during lifting, and not dehydration of root system in transportation need not be pruned before plantation, can one-shot forming, and time and labour saving;
Be with former mass of soil when 6, container seedling is planted, guaranteed the integrality of root system, especially have lateral root and the fibrous root of absorption function, make root both injury-free, be not easy again dehydration, improve planting survival rate.And there is no seedling-slowing stage, and the primary growth amount is large, and flower bud differentiation ahead of time, realize early high-yield, and seedling quality is high;
7, grafting adopts improvement to paste bud grafting method, is an improvement of grafting method in the past, and the advantage one of this method is that grafting speed is fast; The 2nd, survival rate is high, and general graft survival rate is more than 98%; The 3rd, the interface healing is fast, can heal 2～3 days than plate budding is early, and early solution was tied up 2～3 days, early germinateed about 3 days; The 4th, rate of scionwood utility is high, in the situation that the scion anxiety more shows this advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is unlike material container experiment moisture variation diagram;
Fig. 2 is Different Nutrition soil proportioning test moisture variation diagram;
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the different modes of emplacement experiment of container moisture variation diagrams;
Embodiment
The experimental technique that uses in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
In following embodiment, material used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Test example 1
Choose 5 kinds of different containers of the identical material of volume, to plant nursery stock in garden ground as contrast.In September, 2010 continuous 5 days, moisture content change (Fig. 1) in the monitoring container.Measure the finished product seedling in December, 2010 and do high, dried thick, Root Distribution situation (table 1).As shown in Figure 1, pottery pot moisture amplitude of variation is maximum, is secondly non-woven bag, the snakeskin bag, and polyethylene plastic bag and vinyon flowerpot are compared with the contrast of ground, garden, without significant difference.As seen the pottery pot moisture capacity is the poorest; Polyethylene plastic bag and vinyon flowerpot moisture capacity are best, but continuous 2～3 days moisture amplitudes of variation are less, the phenomenon that root easily occurs macerating.Nonwoven and snakeskin bag moisture capacity are moderate, but the snakeskin bag is perishable through summer high temperature.So non-woven bag is optimum.
Table 1 unlike material chamber test seedling growth situation relatively
As shown in Table 1, just do Gao Eryan, ground, garden is the highest, non-woven bag the second, and pottery pot is minimum.Just do slightly, non-woven bag is the thickest, is secondly the snakeskin bag, is ground, garden, polyethylene plastic bag, vinyon flowerpot again, and pottery pot is the thinnest.With regard to the distribution of root, the thick root on ground, garden is maximum, and other container root amounts are large, and radicula is many, and thick root is few.
As seen, comprehensively it seems, select non-woven bag to grow seedlings, seedling quality is best.Manage and protect the factor analyses such as intensity from cost, practicality and the nursery stock of container, non-woven bag is mobile owing to handle, being easy to, and uses more conveniently, be completely cured for container bottom physics, and the entrucking transportation, there is obvious advantage the aspects such as matrix filling.Therefore, in the situation that the little first-selected non-woven bag that uses of seedling growth difference.
Test example 2
Adopt the container of same size and material, utilize the Nutrition Soil of 8 kinds of different proportionings to cultivate nursery stock.In September, 2010 continuous 5 days, moisture content change (Fig. 2) in the monitoring container.Measure the finished product seedling in December, 2010 and do high, dried thick, Root Distribution situation (table 2).
Different proportioning Nutrition Soils: A1-garden mould: dried poultrymanure 1: 1; A2-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes (volume ratio) at 1: 1: 1; A3-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 2: 1; A4-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 3: 1; A5-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 1: 1; A6-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 2: 1; A7-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 3: 1; A8-mushroom slag: rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure 1: 1: 1: 1 mixes
As shown in Figure 2, A5, A6 soil moisture content almost do not change, the less variation of A7 soil moisture content, and A1 soil moisture content amplitude of variation is maximum, and A2, A3, A4 soil moisture content amplitude of variation are placed in the middle.Can infer, the rice chaff ash moisture capacity is better, and mushroom slag gas permeability is better.Moisture did not change in continuous 2～3 days, grew seedlings and easily macerated root, and moisture changes to grow seedlings more greatly needs duty to water, time-consuming taking a lot of work.A8 soil moisture content amplitude of variation is placed in the middle, is optimum.
The different proportioning Nutrition Soil test of table 2 nursery stock growing state relatively
By as seen from Table 2, A2, A3, A4 relatively,, along with the rising of garden mould ratio, the dried height of examination material, do and slightly obviously reduce, and A5, A6, A7 also present identical trend.A7, even lower than contrast, presents minimum.It is high, dried slightly apparently higher than other that A8 does, and the ratio of fibrous root is high, rare thick root.
So A8 mushroom slag: rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure is 1: 1: 1: 1 Nutrition Soil moisture capacity, gas permeability are all comparatively moderate, the nursery stock of cultivation do high, do aspect thick, Root Distribution all optimum.
Test example 3
Adopt the container of same size and matrix, respectively container entirely bury in soil, partly bury in soil, earth's surface places to cultivate nursery stock.In September, 2010 continuous 5 days, moisture content change (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) in the monitoring container.Measure the finished product seedling in December, 2010 and do high, dried thick, Root Distribution situation (table 3).
Can be found out by Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the water conservation effect that non-woven bag and vinyon flowerpot are all placed in soil is best, partly buries the placement effect and takes second place, and it is poor that container is positioned over earth's surface water conservation effect fully, guarantee that the nursery stock Fast Growth must duty water, time-consuming taking a lot of work.But it is less that container is all placed in soil continuous 2～3 days moisture amplitudes of variation, the phenomenon that root easily occurs macerating.Relatively comprehensive, container partly buries and places is optimal selection.
The different modes of emplacement test of table 3 container nursery stock growing state relatively
As shown in Table 3, adopt the nursery stock that the mode bury soil is planted do high and do slightly all higher than contrast, and the numerical value that partly buries is the highest.With regard to Root Distribution, the thick radical amount of entirely burying soil significantly increases.Comprehensive selection is partly buried mode.
Test example 4
Cultivate container seedling:
One, stock is cultivated
1. make bed: select loose, draining is good, sunshine sufficient soil as ground, garden, plough deeply 2～3 times, execute 2500～4000 kilograms of decomposed cow dungs in conjunction with ploughing deeply every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, soil palpus thorough disinfection simultaneously, ground, every mu of garden phoxim medicine soil 100kg and thiophanate methyl or carbendazim medicine soil 100kg, be sprinkled in soil when ploughing, then thin rake is made bed, wide 1m left and right, seedbed, and seedbed must be higher than pavement 15～20cm; 2. stock seed collection and processing: select birchleaf pear seed then, with rotten seed, not plump seed, damaged seed and ill worm seed pick out, and first use 50～60 ℃ of water seed soakings, and 2d changes water 1 time, soak 4～5d, then with water after 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30min, rinse well, dry in the shade rear standby; 3. sowing: the sowing time carries out before part frozen soil in November,, the seedbed water of drenching, soil is sunk, the drilling of ditching on the furrow of putting in order before sowing, ditch depth is the 2cm left and right, ditch spacing 30cm left and right, broadcast rear earthing, the thick 1cm that is no more than, cover seedbed with plastic film again, note after seedling is unearthed scratching at any time bud, it is exposed beyond film, in case the calcination seedling; 4. the management of rootstock seedling: at the beginning of 4 months, when growing to 2-3 sheet true leaf, seedling to carry out thinning, final singling, stay seedling spacing in the rows 10cm left and right, should strengthen rich water quality management seedling stage, to water water about 10 days one time, wanted timely intertill and clean tillage after pouring water 3-5 days at every turn, topdress for the first time and carry out after final singling, topdress per month once later, each every mu applies urea 10-15 kilogram, the stock sprout term disease is mainly damping off, and insect pest has mole cricket, grub, chafer and aphid etc., needs in time to carry out chemical control according to the concrete condition that damage by disease and insect occurs;
Two, selection of container non-woven bag, specification are 25cm * 25cm (bottom surface diameter * height);
Three, the preparation of Nutrition Soil: the Nutrition Soil composition adopts the mushroom slag: rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure was with volume ratio 1: 1: 1: 1 mixes, and all matrix are sieved soil block, foreign material are removed, then with 1% liquor potassic permanganate, spray and water sterilization;
Four, transplant: to the May～when June, seedling grew 3～5 true leaves, in non-woven bag, it is too full that Nutrition Soil can not fill with seedling replanting, will note protecting seedling during dress soil, water permeable after planting well, soil and root are connected airtight, and then ditching is buried in the earth the container the latter half of having transplanted seedling, the placement of basseting of container the first half, when the vessel surface drying is turned white, water one time permeable, afterwards every 15 days with the spraying of 600 times of thiophanate methyls or carbendazim, pre-disease prevention;
Five, the cultivation of grafting: grow seedlings late June then, when stock reaches 0.8-1cm apart from the rugosity at soil table 15-20cm place, get final product in good time grafting, scion will be taked from selected kind current-year branch, clip robust growth, eye enrich, lignification, slightly at the branch of 0.4～0.6 centimetre, clip approximately 20～30 centimetres segment and cut off blade and stay petiole.Grafting method adopts Improvement type to paste bud grafting, and to paste bud grafting slightly different from routine, and concrete operation method is: during grafting stock apart from ground 5～8 centimeters select a shiny surface, gently cut a cutter downwards, be about 2～3cm, deeply reach xylem, and cortex upper end 2/3 part that will cut cuts away, and keeps bottom 0.7cm; Then, left hand is held scion, and the right hand is taken grafting knife, cut to 1.5cm below bud from the lower cutter of the top 1.5cm that budders is flat, and xylem slightly, then sentence 45° angle from the below 1cm of bud and splay and take off the bud sheet.Then the insertion stock of buddering, making as far as possible budders aligns with formation layer one side of stock, with film, pricks and sternly tightens, and makes it waterproof, air tight.With the bottom-up wrapping consolidation of the wide film strip of 2cm, but eye is exposed, in order to survive, branches out, and grafting after 15 days, once become biopsy to scion.Method is: touch while buddering with hand, petiole one touches namely to fall, and illustrates and takes over a job.Take out when buddering and send out while reaching 30cm, available scraper scratches the binder solution and ties up, and 1cm cuts anvil in place above buddering, and the rightabout of clip and bud is 30 °～45° angle, and clip is level and smooth, and with glue coating, smears clip, in order to avoid water loss and germ invasion;
six, the management of grafting: the stock rudiment of will in time erasing after grafting survival, to reduce nutrient loss, in time weed with a hoe, in time water, can not overdrying or excessively wet, summer temperature surpasses 28 ℃ and will lower the temperature with sunshade net, height of seedling 20cm to be grafted left and right, while having 7～8 leaves, insert bamboo pole, grafting is fixed on bamboo pole, spray per month 0.2%～0.3% urea 1～2 time in late June～late August, in early September～late September, sprayed 0.1%～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time every 15 days, be also noted that the control of damage by disease and insect seedling stage, the main diseases insect pest of pears seedling is aphid and brown spot, aphid 2000 times of liquid of Imidacloprid, brown spot is prevented and treated with 700 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl,
Seven, outplanting: then grafting in autumn nursery stock grow up to leading thread and be that 10mm is above, height of seedling is 80cm～during 100cm, get final product field planting, during field planting, container is removed, be with native ball field planting.
In mid-March, 2011, choosing the container of close specification cultivates and each 5 of the conventional annual abundance of water pears seedlings of cultivating, adopt the seeding row spacing of 4m * 4m to be colonizated in land for growing field crops, heading height is 1.5 meters, tree-like employing three open-center shape, identical daily rich water quality management, measure leading thread and crown diameter after defoliation of fruit trees.In mid-September, 2012, fruit harvesting, measure mean fruit weight and single plant yield (table 4).
Seedling growth situation comparison as a result after the conventional seedling of table 4 and container seedling field planting
As shown in Table 4, the more conventional seedling of nourishing and growing of container seedling is fast, especially at the field planting initial stage, because unslow seedling process, so there is not deadtime in growth.And container seedling has the characteristics of early high-yield.Although the more conventional seedling input cost of nursery stage is high, early bearing early takes effect, and is enough to make up early stage input.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a pear tree container fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that, it comprises:
One, stock is cultivated
1. make bed
Select loose, draining is good, sunshine sufficient soil as ground, garden, plough deeply 2～3 times, execute 2500～4000 kilograms of decomposed cow dungs in conjunction with ploughing deeply every mu, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, soil palpus thorough disinfection simultaneously, ground, every mu of garden phoxim medicine soil 100kg and carbendazim medicine soil 100kg, be sprinkled in soil when ploughing, then thin rake is made bed, wide 1m left and right, seedbed, and seedbed must be higher than pavement 15～20cm;
2. stock seed collection and processing
Select birchleaf pear seed then, with rotten seed, not plump seed, damaged seed and ill worm seed pick out, and first use 50～60 ℃ of water seed soakings, and 2d changes water 1 time, soaks 4～5d, then with water after 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30min, rinses well, dries in the shade rear standby;
3. sowing
Sowing time carries out before part frozen soil in November,, the seedbed water of drenching, soil is sunk, the drilling of ditching on the furrow of putting in order before sowing, ditch depth is the 2cm left and right, ditch spacing 30cm left and right, broadcast rear earthing, the thick 1cm that is no more than, cover seedbed with plastic film again, note after seedling is unearthed scratching at any time bud, it is exposed beyond film, in case the calcination seedling;
4. the management of rootstock seedling
At the beginning of 4 months, will carry out thinning, final singling when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf, stay seedling spacing in the rows 10cm left and right, should strengthen rich water quality management seedling stage, to water water about 10 days one time, wanted timely intertill and clean tillage at every turn after pouring water 3-5 days, topdress for the first time and carry out after final singling, topdress per month once later, each every mu applies urea 10-15 kilogram, the stock sprout term disease is mainly damping off, and insect pest has mole cricket, chafer and aphid, needs in time to carry out this area conventional dose control according to the concrete condition that damage by disease and insect occurs;
Two, the selection of container
The container that the container cultivation is selected comprises any one in snakeskin bag, non-woven bag, pottery pot, vinyon flowerpot, polyethylene plastic bag, and containers size bottom surface diameter * height is 25cm * 25cm;
Three, the preparation of Nutrition Soil
The Nutrition Soil composition adopts one of following 8 kinds of matrix: the A1-garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 1; A2-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 1: 1; A3-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 2: 1; A4-mushroom slag: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 3: 1; A5-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 1: 1; A6-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 2: 1; A7-rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure mixes at 1: 3: 1; A8-mushroom slag: rice chaff ash: garden mould: dried poultrymanure 1: 1: 1: 1 mixes, and described ratio is volume ratio, and all matrix are sieved soil block, foreign material are removed, then with 1% liquor potassic permanganate, carry out spray disinfectant;
Four, transplant
To the May～when June, seedling grew 3～5 true leaves, in the described container of step 2, it is too full that Nutrition Soil can not fill with seedling replanting, will note protecting seedling during dress soil, water permeable after planting well, soil and root are connected airtight, and then ditching is buried in the earth the container the latter half of having transplanted seedling, the placement of basseting of container the first half, when the vessel surface drying is turned white, water one time permeable, afterwards every 15 days with the spraying of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, pre-disease prevention;
Five, the cultivation of grafting
grow seedlings late June then, when stock reaches 0.8-1cm apart from the rugosity at soil table 15-20cm place, get final product in good time grafting, scion will be taked from selected kind current-year branch, the clip robust growth, eye enriches, lignification, slightly at the branch of 0.4～0.6 centimetre, the segment that clip is 20～30 centimetres also cuts off blade and stays petiole, grafting method adopts Improvement type to paste bud grafting, concrete operation method is: during grafting stock apart from ground 5～8 centimeters select a shiny surface, gently cut a cutter downwards, long 2～3cm, deeply reach xylem, and cortex upper end 2/3 part that will cut is cut away, keep bottom 0.7cm, then, left hand is held scion, the right hand is taken grafting knife, cut to bud below 1.5cm from the lower cutter of the top 1.5cm that budders is flat, xylem slightly, sentencing 45° angle from the below 1cm of bud again splays and takes off the bud sheet, then the insertion stock of buddering, making budders aligns with formation layer one side of stock, prick and sternly tighten with film, make it waterproof, air tight, with the bottom-up wrapping consolidation of the wide film strip of 2cm, but eye is exposed, branch out in order to survive, after grafting 15 days, to once become biopsy to scion, method is: with hand, touch while buddering, petiole one touches namely to fall, illustrate and take over a job, take out when buddering and send out while reaching 30cm, scratch the binder solution with scraper and tie up, 1cm cuts anvil in place above buddering, and the rightabout of clip and bud is 30 °～45° angle, and clip is level and smooth, and with glue coating, smears clip, in order to avoid water loss and germ invasion,
Six, the management of grafting
the stock rudiment of will in time erasing after grafting survival, to reduce nutrient loss, in time weed with a hoe, in time water, can not overdrying or excessively wet, summer temperature surpasses 28 ℃ and will lower the temperature with sunshade net, height of seedling 20cm to be grafted left and right, while having 7～8 leaves, insert bamboo pole, grafting is fixed on bamboo pole, spray per month 0.2%～0.3% urea 1～2 time in late June～late August, in early September～late September, sprayed 0.1%～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time every 15 days, be also noted that the control of damage by disease and insect seedling stage, the main diseases insect pest of pears seedling is aphid and brown spot, aphid 2000 times of liquid of Imidacloprid, brown spot is prevented and treated with 700 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl,
Seven, outplanting
Then grafting in autumn nursery stock grow up to leading thread and be that 10mm is above, height of seedling is 80cm～during 100cm, get final product field planting, during field planting, container is removed, be with native ball field planting.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described container is preferably non-woven bag.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described phoxim medicine soil is made with 100kg soil for the 0.65kg phoxim, and described carbendazim medicine soil mixes and makes with 100kg soil for 0.86kg thiophanate methyl or powder of carbendazim.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that it is 1: 1: 1 by volume that described Nutrition Soil is preferably mushroom slag, rice chaff ash, garden mould and dried poultrymanure: 1 preparation.
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| CN1090967A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1994-08-24 | 陈长保 | Longfengju pear breeding method and breeding and culturing technology |
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| CN101999304B (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-04-11 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Rapid cultivation method of dwarfed nursery stock of pear tree |
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