CN112586255A - Zelkova serrata container bag seeding method - Google Patents

Zelkova serrata container bag seeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112586255A
CN112586255A CN202011269112.9A CN202011269112A CN112586255A CN 112586255 A CN112586255 A CN 112586255A CN 202011269112 A CN202011269112 A CN 202011269112A CN 112586255 A CN112586255 A CN 112586255A
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China
Prior art keywords
container bag
seeds
zelkova
seeding method
substrate
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Pending
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CN202011269112.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
顾晓峰
王克春
尚楚
郁世军
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Jiangsu Nongjing Ecological Construction Co ltd
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Jiangsu Nongjing Ecological Construction Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011269112.9A priority Critical patent/CN112586255A/en
Publication of CN112586255A publication Critical patent/CN112586255A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00Forestry
    • A01G23/02Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting zelkova serrata in a container bag, belonging to the technical field of zelkova serrata planting. The method comprises (1) collecting seeds from 10 middle and last ten days to 11 last days, and pre-treating the seeds to be sowed; (2) in the next 2-3 months, filling the container bags with the substrates, wherein the filling amount is 80% -90%, placing the container bags in a greenhouse, then sowing seeds, and covering a layer of substrates after sowing; (3) watering after seeding for one time to permeate water, arranging an arch on the container bag, covering a layer of film on the arch, drying the surface layer of the matrix, and spraying and replenishing water when the lower layer is not held by hands to form a ball, wherein the water is supplemented in a proper amount; (4) transplanting the seedling into a large-size non-woven fabric container bag for culturing when the seedling grows until the stem turns red and 2-3 true leaves are unfolded. According to the invention, the container bag is sown for accelerating germination, and the bud seedlings are transplanted into the large-size non-woven fabric container bag along with the container bag, so that the integrity of the root system is guaranteed, the transplanting is free of seedling revival stage, and the survival rate is high.

Description

Zelkova serrata container bag seeding method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of zelkova planting, and particularly relates to a zelkova container bag seeding method.
Background
Zelkova schneideriana Hand and large deciduous trees have wide application and higher use value, belong to secondary important protection plants in China and are precious hard broad-leaved trees. The zelkova serrata has been widely used for shelter forest construction, ecological afforestation, garden arrangement, urban street greening and beautifying due to the characteristics of wide distribution, strong adaptability, higher ornamental value, rich cultural connotation, easy propagation and cultivation and the like. The zelkova schneideriana seedling is mainly sown and bred, and the main seedling breeding methods comprise the following steps: (1) sowing in field, cultivating seedlings until outplanting, the method has low production cost, extensive management and uneven quality. The root system is easy to damage in the outplanting and transplanting process, the planting and seedling revival period is long, and the survival rate is not high. (2) The method comprises the steps of broadcasting in a field, transplanting the bud seedlings into a container for cultivation and outplanting, wherein the bud seedlings are transplanted once, the seedlings grow slowly in the early stage, the seedling revival stage exists, and the roots of part of the bud seedlings are damaged in the transplanting process, so that the survival is directly influenced. (3) Sowing in a greenhouse, transplanting the seedlings into a container for cultivation, and then outplanting, wherein the root system is easy to damage after one-time transplanting, and the growth of the seedlings is influenced.
According to the method, the root systems are damaged to a certain extent in the transplanting process, the growth of seedlings is not facilitated, and the seedling emergence and seedling rate of the beech seedlings out of the nursery cannot be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, which is characterized in that the germination acceleration is performed by seeding in a small-sized container bag, the bud seedlings are transplanted into a large-sized non-woven fabric container bag along with the bag, the integrity of the root system is guaranteed, the seedling revival stage is avoided after the transplanting, and the survival rate is high.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a zelkova serrata container bag seeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting zelkova seeds from 10 middle and last ten days to 11 months, and preprocessing seeds to be sowed;
(2) in the next 2-3 months, filling the substrate in the container bag, wherein the filling amount is controlled to be 80% -90%, placing the container bag in a greenhouse, then sowing seeds, covering a layer of substrate after sowing, and taking the thickness of the substrate as the standard that the seeds cannot be seen;
(3) watering after seeding for one time to permeate water, arranging an arch on the container bag, covering a layer of film on the arch, spraying and replenishing water when the surface layer of the matrix is dry and the lower layer is not held by hands to form a ball, wherein the water is supplemented in a proper amount and water accumulation cannot be caused;
(4) transplanting the seedling to a large-size non-woven fabric container bag when the seedling grows until stems turn red and 2-3 true leaves are unfolded.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, zelkova serrata seeds are collected from mother trees with the average tree age of 15-18 a.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, the seed lot with the number of full seeds reaching more than 50% is the seed to be seeded; the seed pretreatment comprises the steps of ventilating and drying in the shade for 2-3 days after the seed collection is finished, sealing and storing in a room by a gunny bag; and 3-4 days before sowing in 2-3 months in the next year, soaking the seeds in 800 times of gibberellin 500-doped liquid for 24h, and then drying in the shade by air.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, the container bag is a non-woven fabric container bag with the diameter of 5-7 cm and the height of 8-10 cm.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, the substrate comprises a basic bottom material and nutrient soil, and the volume ratio of the basic bottom material to the nutrient soil is 1: 0.5-1: 1; the basic backing material is a mixture of perlite, vermiculite, turfy soil, raw loess and rice hulls, the nutrient soil is a mixture of humus and a compound fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer; before use, the substrate is uniformly mixed, the pH value is adjusted to be neutral and slightly alkaline, and the water content of the substrate is controlled to be 20-30%.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, the volume ratio of the perlite to the vermiculite to the turfy soil to the raw loess to the rice hulls is 1:1: 1-5: 2-4: 1-3; the total nutrient content in the compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 53.6 percent, the total nitrogen content is more than or equal to 15 percent, and the available phosphorus content is more than or equal to 10 percent; the volume ratio of the humus to the compound fertilizer is 1: 1-1: 5.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, the volume ratio of the perlite to the vermiculite to the turfy soil to the raw loess to the rice hulls is 1:1:3:3: 2.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, 2-4 seeds are sown in each container bag, and the carbendazim is sprayed into the seedling raising pond every 20 days after seeding.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse before seed germination is controlled to be 70-80%, and the humidity after seed germination is controlled to be 50-60%.
According to the zelkova serrata container bag seeding method, during transplanting, the bud seedlings and the container bags are placed into a large-size non-woven fabric container bag together, the container bag is righted and covered with soil, and water is timely irrigated after planting.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
compared with a method for directly broadcasting and breeding in a seedling growing pond, the method has the advantages that the germination is accelerated by sowing in the small-sized container bag, the bud seedlings are transplanted into the large-sized non-woven fabric container bag along with the bag, the integrity of the root system is guaranteed, the transplanting does not have a seedling revival stage, and the survival rate is high; the transplanting survival rate of the bud seedlings is increased by more than 8 percent and reaches more than 98 percent; the average length of lateral roots is 6.8cm after transplanting 1 month, which is increased by 21.43 percent compared with the traditional mode; the number of new leaves after 2 months after transplantation is 4-5, which is doubled compared with the traditional method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
Example 1
A zelkova serrata container bag seeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection and treatment
Collecting mature seeds from the mother tree of the zelkova schneideriana from the middle and the last 10 to 11 months, wherein the average tree age of the mother tree is 15-18 a. Ventilating and drying in shade for 2-3 days. And (3) measuring the plumpness of the air-dried seeds, measuring 40 seeds in total, dividing into four groups, wherein each group comprises 10 seeds, and screening out seed batches with the plumpness of the seeds of more than 50 percent as seeds to be sowed. Seeds to be sowed are sealed and stored in a room by sacks.
(2) Sowing in container bag
Sowing in 2-3 months in the next year, soaking in 500 times of gibberellin solution for 24 hours 3-4 days before sowing, and drying in the shade. Before sowing, filling a non-woven fabric container bag with the diameter of 5cm and the height of 8cm with a substrate, wherein the components of the substrate are basic bottom materials and nutrient soil, and the volume ratio of the basic bottom materials to the nutrient soil is 1: 0.5; the basic backing material comprises a mixture of perlite, vermiculite, turfy soil, raw loess and rice hulls, wherein the volume ratio of the perlite, the vermiculite, the turfy soil, the raw loess and the rice hulls is 1:1:3:3: 2. The nutrient soil is a mixture of humus and a compound fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer; before use, the base materials are mixed uniformly, the pH value is adjusted to be neutral and slightly alkaline, and the water content of the base materials is controlled to be about 25 percent. After the filling is finished, placing the seeds in a seedling raising pool of a greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 25 ℃ and the humidity at about 75%, broadcasting seed particles according to the determined seed fullness, broadcasting 2 seeds in a sowing container bag, covering a layer of matrix on the seeds after the broadcasting, wherein the thickness is based on that no seeds are found; the container bag is provided with an arch frame.
(4) After-sowing management and protection
Watering after sowing, permeating water for one time, covering a layer of film on the arch center, drying the surface layer of the matrix, and spraying and replenishing water in a proper amount when the lower layer is not held by hands to form a ball, so that water accumulation cannot be caused; weeds in the pond are cleared as early as possible, and carbendazim is sprayed into the seedling raising pond every 20 days after sowing; after the seeds germinate, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be about 55 percent.
(5) Transplanting of seedlings
Transplanting after the seedling of the zelkova serrata grows until the stem turns red and 2-3 true leaves are unfolded; the seedlings and the container bags are transplanted into the large-size non-woven fabric container bags, the integrity of the matrix in the small container bags is guaranteed, and the damage to the root systems of the zelkova sprouts is reduced.
Seeding and seedling in the seedling pond: seed harvesting and screening processThe method is the same as the method of the invention, when sowing, seeds are directly sown in the seedling raising pool, and the sowing density is 280 grains/m2. The matrix in the seedling raising pool is loess and sieved sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 3:1, and the pH value of the matrix is controlled to be neutral and slightly alkaline; after sowing, arranging an arch frame above the seedling raising pool, covering a layer of film on the arch frame, enabling the surface layer of the matrix to be dry, and when the lower layer cannot be agglomerated by holding with hands, spraying a proper amount of water for supplementing, so that water accumulation cannot be caused; spraying carbendazim into the seedling culture pond every 20 days after sowing; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 75%. Transplanting after the seedling of the zelkova serrata grows until the stem turns red and 2-3 true leaves are unfolded; transplanting into large-sized non-woven fabric container bag for culturing. The results of comparing the two zelkova breeding methods are shown in table 1.
The 1 month lateral root length and 2 month new leaf spread data in Table 1 are the average values used. As can be seen from Table 1, the method for seeding and raising seedlings has high survival rate, and the survival rate of transplanting the bud seedlings is increased by more than 8 percent and reaches more than 98 percent; the average length of lateral roots is 6.8cm after transplanting 1 month, which is increased by 21.43 percent compared with the seeding and seedling raising mode of a seedling raising pool; the number of new leaves is 4-5 after 2 months of transplantation, which is doubled compared with the seeding and seedling raising mode of a seedling raising pool.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the Zelkova serrata breeding method using the present invention and the nursery pool
Survival rate (%) 1 month lateral root length (cm) Number of new leaves in 2 months
The method of the invention 98.89 6.8 4.5
Breeding in breeding pond 90.03 5.6 2.1

Claims (10)

1. A zelkova serrata container bag seeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting zelkova seeds from 10 middle and last ten days to 11 months, and preprocessing seeds to be sowed;
(2) in the next 2-3 months, filling the substrate in the container bag, wherein the filling amount is controlled to be 80% -90%, placing the container bag in a greenhouse, then sowing seeds, covering a layer of substrate after sowing, and taking the thickness of the substrate as the standard that the seeds cannot be seen;
(3) watering after seeding for one time to permeate water, arranging an arch on the container bag, covering a layer of film on the arch, spraying and replenishing water when the surface layer of the matrix is dry and the lower layer is not held by hands to form a ball, wherein the water is supplemented in a proper amount and water accumulation cannot be caused;
(4) transplanting the seedling to a large-size non-woven fabric container bag when the seedling grows until stems turn red and 2-3 true leaves are unfolded.
2. The zelkova serrata container bag seeding method according to claim 1, wherein zelkova serrata seeds are collected from mother trees having an average age of 15 to 18 a.
3. The zelkova serrata container bag seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the seed lot with the number of filled seeds up to 50% or more is the seed to be seeded; the seed pretreatment comprises the steps of ventilating and drying in the shade for 2-3 days after the seed collection is finished, sealing and storing in a room by a gunny bag; and 3-4 days before sowing in 2-3 months in the next year, soaking the seeds in 800 times of gibberellin 500-doped liquid for 24h, and then drying in the shade by air.
4. The zelkova serrata container bag seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the container bag is a non-woven fabric container bag having a diameter of 5 to 7cm and a height of 8 to 10 cm.
5. The beech container bag seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a basic substrate and nutrient soil, and the volume ratio of the basic substrate to the nutrient soil is 1: 0.5-1: 1; the basic backing material is a mixture of perlite, vermiculite, turfy soil, raw loess and rice hulls, the nutrient soil is a mixture of humus and a compound fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer; before use, the substrate is uniformly mixed, the pH value is adjusted to be neutral and slightly alkaline, and the water content of the substrate is controlled to be 20-30%.
6. The container bag seeding method for the zelkova schneideriana according to claim 5, wherein the volume ratio of the perlite, the vermiculite, the turfy soil, the raw loess and the rice hulls is 1:1: 1-5: 2-4: 1-3; the total nutrient content in the compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 53.6 percent, the total nitrogen content is more than or equal to 15 percent, and the available phosphorus content is more than or equal to 10 percent; the volume ratio of the humus to the compound fertilizer is 1: 1-1: 5.
7. The container bag seeding method for the zelkova schneideriana according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the volume ratio of the perlite, the vermiculite, the turfy soil, the raw loess and the rice hulls is 1:1:3:3: 2.
8. The zelkova serrata container bag seeding method according to claim 1, wherein 2-4 seeds are sown in each container bag, and the carbendazim is sprayed into the seedling raising pond every 20 days after seeding.
9. The zelkova serrata container bag seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25-30 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse before seed germination is controlled at 70-80%, and the humidity after germination is controlled at 50-60%.
10. The zelkova serrata container bag seeding method according to claim 1, wherein during transplanting, the sprouts together with the container bag are put into a large-sized non-woven fabric container bag, the container bag is righted and covered with soil, and water is timely irrigated after planting.
CN202011269112.9A 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 Zelkova serrata container bag seeding method Pending CN112586255A (en)

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