CN113841556B

CN113841556B - Cultivation method of fir seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN113841556B
Application number: CN202110090278.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦如萍; 胡德活; 郑会全; 曾碧欣; 晏姝; 王润辉
Original assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2021-01-22
Filing date: 2021-01-22
Publication date: 2023-08-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-22
Also published as: CN113841556A

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method of fir seedlings. The method comprises the following steps: filling a seedling raising substrate into a seedling raising container, planting fir seeds or fir seedlings into the seedling raising substrate, and performing moisture management, light humidity management and nutrient management after planting; wherein, the bottom of the seedling raising container is provided with a through hole, and the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the seedling raising container and the ground is more than or equal to 5cm. The fir seedlings cultivated by the method have complete root clusters, developed root systems, high seedlings and good growth of stems, do not need to repair roots and transplanting manually, do not need to strip seedling bags during planting, save labor and time and are environment-friendly.

Description

Cultivation method of fir seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a cultivation method of fir seedlings.

Background

Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is an excellent tree species for rural land in China, has a cultivation history of over 2000, and has an undisputed important position in wood industry and strategic reserve in China, so that improved tree species of fir also become an important support for construction of a commercial forest base in south China. The forest seedling is the foundation and premise of forestry industry development, and the quality of the seedling determines the quality and benefit of forestry development. The seedling quality is affected by a plurality of factors, wherein the seedling container, the seedling substrate and the management and protection measures are key. At present, the fir forestation seedlings mainly comprise two major types, namely bare root seedlings and container seedlings, and the container seedlings have the advantages of complete seedling root groups, no seedling recovery period after planting, no limitation of conventional forestation seasons, convenience in mechanical management and the like, so that the container seedlings become the main trend of fir seedling cultivation. In the existing production process of fir container seedlings, a mode of adding seedling bags into a seedling bed is adopted, a plastic seedling bag or a non-woven fabric seedling bag is commonly used, the seedling bags are directly placed on a seedling nursery after filling red core soil, the seedling raising mode often causes insufficient root systems of seedlings, weeds are easy to grow, the probability of root penetration and root stringing of seedlings is increased (the root nesting has adverse effects on the growth and the seedling recovery period after transplanting of the seedlings), the cost of manual weeding and root repair is high, seedling raising effect is low, the overall quality of seedlings taking red mud as a matrix is high, and a plurality of inconveniences are brought to the seedling raising, transportation and planting processes. How to effectively and conveniently and economically and efficiently breed excellent and strong seedlings of fir, the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the power-assisted fir artificial forest industry are urgent. The seedlings are bred by simply relying on the existing container seedling breeding technology of the fir, the root system of the seedlings is not developed enough, the total weight of the seedlings is large, and the artificial seedling transplanting and root repairing procedures are required to be added in the seedling raising process, so that labor and time are wasted.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method of fir seedlings, which has the advantages of complete root mass, developed root system, high seedling height and good stem growth, does not need artificial root repair and seedling transplanting, saves labor and time and is environment-friendly.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a cultivation method of fir seedlings comprises the following steps:

filling a seedling raising substrate into a seedling raising container, planting fir seeds or fir seedlings into the seedling raising substrate, and performing moisture management, light humidity management and nutrient management after planting;

wherein, the bottom of the seedling raising container is provided with a through hole, and the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the seedling raising container and the ground is more than or equal to 5cm.

In some embodiments, the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the hard seedling raising container and the ground is 5-10 cm.

In some embodiments, the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the hard seedling raising container and the ground is 6cm.

In some of these embodiments, the seedling substrate is a mixture of peat soil and vermiculite.

In some of these embodiments, the seedling raising container is a rigid seedling raising container, preferably a rigid plastic seedling raising container.

In some of these embodiments, the diameter of the through hole is 1.5-2.0 cm.

In some of these embodiments, the volume ratio of peat soil to vermiculite is (60-55): (40-45).

In some embodiments, the fir seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment before planting, wherein the germination accelerating treatment comprises: soaking fir seeds in 0.2-0.7 wt% potassium permanganate water solution for 25-40 min, washing with clear water, soaking in 45-55 deg.c water for 20-30 hr, accelerating germination at 28-30 deg.c, and seeding to expose white radicle or radicle length less than or equal to 0.5cm and covering with fine sand layer less than or equal to 1 cm.

In some embodiments, the fir wood seedlings are tissue culture seedlings.

In some of these embodiments, the tissue culture seedling comprises the following hardening treatment prior to planting: placing the fir seedlings in a seedling hardening shed for rooting culture for 20-30 days, hardening the seedlings at the temperature of 25+/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 60% -70%, performing cover sealing culture and cover opening culture under natural light, taking out the buds, washing with clear water, and planting in the seedling raising matrix.

In some of these embodiments, the cover culture and the open culture comprise: and (3) culturing for 7-15 days in a sealing mode, opening a cover of the culture bottle when the root system of the nursery stock grows out and the length is less than or equal to 1.0cm, injecting clear water to enable the water surface to exceed the surface of the culture medium in the bottle by 0.5-1.0 cm, and culturing for 1-2 days in a sealing mode.

In some of these embodiments, the moisture management includes: the fir seeds or fir seedlings are immediately irrigated thoroughly after being planted, and the seedling leaf surfaces are sprayed with water after nutrient management.

In some of these embodiments, the light management includes: erecting a frame on a seedbed, covering a white plastic film, and covering a layer of shading net with shading degree of 75-85%, wherein the humidity in the film is kept at 80-90% within 15 days after planting; the humidity in the film is kept at 70% -85% within 15-45 days after planting, the humidity in the film is kept at 60% -75% within 45-50 days after planting, the plastic film is removed after planting for 50-60 days, only one layer of shading net with the shading degree of 75% -85% is covered, and the seedling substrate is kept in a moist state.

In some of these embodiments, the nutrient management comprises: after new leaves grow after seed planting or fir seedlings are planted for one month, 0.03 to 0.1 weight percent of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer solution is applied for 1 to 2 times every 2 to 3 weeks, and 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer solution is applied for 1 to 2 times every month when the seedlings grow fast.

In some of these embodiments, 0.3% -0.5% potassium permanganate (KMnO) is used 3-5 days before planting the seeds or tissue culture seedlings ₄ ) The solution is sprayed through the matrix, then the plastic film is covered, and the seedling matrix is sprayed with clean water for standby use one day before planting.

In some of these embodiments, the cultivation time of the fir seedlings is during 11 months a year to 2 months a year.

In some embodiments, the planting of fir seeds or fir tissue culture seedlings is performed on a cloudy day without strong wind or on a small rainy day.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the inventor of the invention finds that the root system of the fir seedling is very sensitive to seedling substrate components and air permeability in long-term study based on the breeding of the fir seedling, and the invention prepares reasonable fir seedling substrate and is matched with a seedling container with a through hole at the bottom, wherein the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the seedling container and the ground is more than or equal to 5cm, at the moment, the seedling substrate in the seedling container has good permeability, and the root system of the fir seedling is effectively guided to extend towards the direction of the through hole opening, so that the phenomena of root nesting and packing of the root system of the fir seedling can be effectively avoided, and meanwhile, when the root system of the fir seedling extends to the through hole opening, the root system does not have sufficient nutrient supply to stop growing outwards from the through hole because of no adhesion of the seedling substrate outside the through hole, and root penetration and root stringing phenomena of the root system of the fir seedling can be effectively avoided. Moreover, when the root system extending to the vicinity of the through hole opening stops growing, the fir seedlings can germinate more lateral roots through stress reaction stimulation on other root systems in the seedling raising container, the development and growth of a large number of lateral roots can promote the whole root system of the fir seedlings to be more developed, the root mass is more compact, and further the absorption and utilization of the root system to moisture and nutrients are effectively promoted, and the quality of the seedlings is improved.

Furthermore, the method selects peat soil and vermiculite to be compounded as seedling raising matrixes on the basis of the method, and the peat soil and the vermiculite are well matched with each other, so that compared with the traditional red mud serving as the seedling raising matrixes, the method remarkably improves various parameters such as seedling height, ground diameter, root total length, root total area, root total volume and the like of fir seedlings. In addition, the composite seedling raising matrix composed of peat soil and vermiculite is a light matrix, so that the total weight of the seedlings is greatly reduced, the transportation pressure is greatly relieved, and the production cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a seedling substrate after peat soil and vermiculite are uniformly mixed;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a fir seed showing white radicle starting from germination;

FIG. 3 is a view of tissue culture flask seedlings acclimatized under natural light in a acclimatizing shed;

FIG. 4 shows transplanting of tissue culture seedlings for 2 months;

FIG. 5 shows transplanting of tissue culture seedlings for 6 months;

FIG. 6 shows that the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted for 12 months;

FIG. 7 is a 2 month transplanting of seedlings;

FIG. 8 shows 6 months of seedling transplanting;

FIG. 9 shows 12 months of seedling transplantation;

FIG. 10 is a comparative test chart of different seedling raising containers of example 1 and example 3;

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the experimental results of the different seedling substrates of example 5 (left) and the experimental results of the replacement of the seedling container of example 5 with a plastic bag (right);

FIG. 12 shows the growth of seedlings of example 5 transplanted with different seedling substrates for 12 months;

FIG. 13 shows the growth of root systems of seedlings of different seedling substrates after transplanting for 12 months in example 5 (left) and in which the seedling container of example 5 (right) is replaced with a plastic bag;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of fir seedlings cultivated in example 4 (a is fir seedlings cultivated in example 4 with a seedling age of 10 months; B and C are root penetration phenomena in which root systems of seedlings penetrate through holes in the bottom of seedling bags and enter a nursery, D is that root systems in adjacent seedling bags are entangled in an unclear manner and are root penetration phenomena, and E is that root damage is caused by direct seedling pulling of seedlings with root penetration phenomena.

Detailed Description

The experimental methods of the present invention, in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples, are generally conducted under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various chemicals commonly used in the examples are commercially available.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps is not limited to the elements or modules listed but may alternatively include additional steps not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.

In the present invention, the term "plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.

The existing fir container is mostly a plastic seedling raising bag or a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, the fir container is often directly placed on a seedling raising nursery, when fir is cultivated for nearly or more than one year, root systems of fir seedlings often penetrate out of the lower part of the seedling raising bag and extend into soil (root penetration) of the seedling raising nursery, or grow with root systems of peripheral fir seedling raising bags in a staggered mode (root stringing), the fir container is not beneficial to the fir seedling raising process and is easy to damage the root systems of the fir seedlings in the seedling raising process, and manual root repair is needed in the later stage.

The inventor of the invention obtains a method which is particularly suitable for cultivating fir seedlings based on the research and experience of own long-term fir seedling cultivation, and the method comprises the following steps:

The inventor of the invention finds that the root system of the fir seedling is very sensitive to seedling substrate components and air permeability in long-term study based on the breeding of the fir seedling, and the invention prepares reasonable fir seedling substrate and is matched with a seedling container with a through hole at the bottom, wherein the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the seedling container and the ground is more than or equal to 5cm, at the moment, the seedling substrate in the seedling container has good permeability, and effectively guides the root system of the fir seedling to extend towards the direction of the through hole opening, thereby effectively avoiding the phenomena of root nesting and packing of the root system of the fir seedling, and simultaneously, when the root system of the fir seedling extends to the through hole opening, the root system does not have sufficient nutrient supply to stop growing outwards to the through hole because of no adhesion of the seedling substrate outside the through hole, and the root system root penetrating and root stringing phenomena of the fir seedling can be effectively avoided. Moreover, when the root systems near the through holes stop growing, the fir seedlings can germinate more lateral roots through stress reaction stimulation on other root systems in the seedling raising container, and the development and growth of a large number of lateral roots can promote the whole root system to become more developed and the root mass to be more compact, so that the absorption and utilization of the root systems to moisture and nutrients are effectively promoted, and the quality of the seedlings is improved.

Preferably, the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the seedling raising container and the ground is 5-10 cm, and the inventor of the invention finds that the technical problem that excessive ventilation and ventilation of the substrate and excessive water loss can be caused by too high distance between the through hole and the ground can be avoided by further controlling the vertical distance between the through hole and the ground to be less than or equal to 10cm.

Further preferably, the seedling substrate is a mixture of peat soil and vermiculite. Still more preferably, the volume ratio of peat soil to vermiculite is (60-55): (40-45). The method selects peat soil and vermiculite as seedling raising matrix, and well cooperates with the method to promote the growth of the roots of the fir seedlings, and is particularly suitable for the growth of the roots of the fir seedlings. In addition, the composite seedling raising matrix composed of peat soil and vermiculite is a light matrix, so that the total weight of the seedlings is greatly reduced, the transportation pressure is greatly relieved, and the production cost is reduced.

In some embodiments, the diameter of the through hole is 1.5-2.0 cm, and the diameter range is selected to effectively improve the permeability of the seedling substrate and well avoid the transitional loss of moisture in the seedling substrate and the leakage of the seedling substrate.

In some embodiments, the fir seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment prior to planting. Preferably, the germination accelerating treatment comprises: soaking fir seeds in 0.2-0.7 wt% potassium permanganate water solution for 25-40 min, washing with clear water, soaking in 45-55 deg.c water for 20-30 hr, accelerating germination at 28-30 deg.c, and seeding to expose white radicle or radicle length less than or equal to 0.5cm and covering with fine sand layer less than or equal to 1 cm. The method can realize the rapid and uniform germination of fir seeds in a limited space and time through the integrated optimization of a simple method, and avoids seed loss caused by uncontrollable environmental factors and land and labor cost required by sowing in the traditional field nursery.

In some embodiments, the fir wood seedlings are tissue culture seedlings; preferably, the tissue culture seedlings are subjected to seedling hardening treatment before planting. Preferably, the seedling hardening treatment includes: placing the fir seedlings in a seedling hardening shed for rooting culture for 20-30 days, hardening the seedlings at the temperature of 25+/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 60% -70%, performing cover sealing culture and cover opening culture under natural light, taking out the buds, washing with clear water, and planting in the seedling raising matrix. The method can enable the fir tissue culture bottle seedlings which are originally in a constant temperature, humidity and illumination environment to gradually and better adapt to the outdoor natural environment so as to improve the transplanting survival rate.

Further, the cover culture and the uncovering culture include: and (3) culturing for 7-15 days in a sealing mode, opening a cover of the culture bottle when the root system of the nursery stock grows out and the length is less than or equal to 1.0cm, injecting clear water to enable the water surface to exceed the surface of the culture medium in the bottle by 0.5-1.0 cm, and culturing for 1-2 days in a sealing mode.

In some of these embodiments, the moisture management comprises: the fir seeds or fir seedlings are immediately irrigated thoroughly after being planted, and the seedling leaf surfaces are sprayed with water after nutrient management.

In some of these embodiments, the light management comprises: erecting a frame on a seedbed, covering a white plastic film, and covering a layer of shading net with shading degree of 75-85%, wherein the humidity in the film is kept at 80-90% within 15 days after planting; the humidity in the film is kept at 70% -85% within 15-45 days after planting, the humidity in the film is kept at 60% -75% within 45-50 days after planting, the plastic film is removed after 50-60 days, only one layer of shading net with the shading degree of 75% -85% is covered, and the seedling substrate is kept in a moist state. The method has the advantages that two key environmental factors of humidity and illumination of the small environment of the seedbed are controlled in a key mode, so that the seeds just planted by dibbling or the tissue culture sprouts just transplanted are gradually and better adapted to the natural environment of the nursery land, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.

In some of these embodiments, the nutrient management comprises: after new leaves grow after seed planting or fir tissue culture seedlings are transplanted for one month, 0.03 to 0.1 weight percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer solution is applied for 1 to 2 times every 2 to 3 weeks, and 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer solution is applied for 1 to 2 times every month when the seedlings grow fast. The method can meet the requirements of different growth stages (seedling stage and fast growth stage) of the fir seedlings on main nutrients, and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient nutrients or excessive nutrients (seedling burning) of the fir seedlings.

In some embodiments, the cultivation time of the fir seedlings is during 11 months a year to 2 months a year. The natural climate from autumn to spring can be fully utilized, the requirement on the environment (the environment with the average annual temperature of 15-23 ℃ is suitable for the transplanting of fir seedlings, the moist heat is not resistant) is met at the lowest cost, the production cost increased by the artificial regulation and control of the growing environment during the transplanting in the high-temperature moist heat period (3-10 months) is avoided, and meanwhile, the seedling age (12-16 months) of the fir seedlings cultivated in the period is suitable for the nursery-out requirement of the seedlings in the second year.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

The cultivation method of the fir seedlings is adopted as technical support, and the cultivation method of the fir seedlings is used for cultivating approximately 1.5 ten thousand plants of fir seedlings and excellent clone container seedlings in the national institute of forestry science of Guangdong province in 2016-2019.

The cultivation method of the fir seedlings is as follows:

(1) Seedling time: and starting to grow seedlings in 11 months in 2018.

(2) Seedling raising container: the seedling raising plug tray with the supporting legs, which is composed of hard plastic, is selected, the upper caliber of the seedling raising tray is 9cm, the height of the seedling raising tray is 13cm, the bottom of the seedling raising tray is an arc surface and is provided with 1 hole with the diameter of 1.8cm, and the distance between the bottom hole and the ground is 6cm.

(3) Preparing a seedling substrate: the seedling raising matrix comprises marsh peat soil and vermiculite (1-3 mm) with volume ratio of 60% and 40%, respectively, and is filled into seedling raising container after fully mixing (as shown in figure 1), and 0.5wt% potassium permanganate (KMnO) is used 3 days before seed dibbling or bud seedling transplanting ₄ ) The solution is sprayed through the seedling substrate, then a plastic film is covered, and the seedling substrate is sprayed with clean water for standby in the day before transplanting.

(4) Preparing transplanting materials: the preparation of the bud seedling is started in 2018, 11 to 12 months, and mainly comprises the following steps: (1) seedling: weighing required seeds, fully soaking the seeds in 0.5wt% potassium permanganate solution for 30min, pouring out disinfectant, washing the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 24h, fishing out the seeds, putting the seeds into an artificial incubator at 28-30 ℃ for germination acceleration, and keeping the incubator dark and the humidity at 70-80%; when white radicle or radicle length of the seeds is less than or equal to 0.5cm, dibbling (as shown in figure 2), dibbling in the seedling substrate as described in (3), and then covering a layer of clean fine sand with thickness less than or equal to 1.0 cm; (2) tissue culture seedling: the method comprises the steps of selecting bottle seedlings which are rooting cultured in a tissue culture chamber for 20-30 days, placing the bottle seedlings into a plastic seedling hardening shed, carrying out cover sealing culture for 7-15 days under natural light at the temperature of 25+/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 60% -70% of the seedling hardening environment (as shown in figure 3), opening a cover of a culture bottle when root systems of the seedlings grow out and the length is less than or equal to 1.0cm, injecting clear water, enabling the water surface to exceed the surface of a culture medium in the bottle by 0.5-1.0 cm, carrying out cover opening culture for 1-2 days, taking out buds, and washing a basal culture medium with clear water to transplant.

(5) Transplanting time: and selecting a windless cloudy day or a small rainy day for transplanting from 12 months in 2018 to 1 month in 2019.

(6) Shading and moisturizing: immediately watering thoroughly after the seed dibbling or bud seedling transplanting is completed according to the step (4), then building an arch frame on a seedbed, covering a white plastic film, and covering a layer of shading net with 75% shading degree; the humidity in the arch shed is kept at 80-90% within 15 days after sowing or transplanting; the humidity in the arch shed is kept at 70-85% within 15-45 days; after 45-50 days, uncovering the shading net, and keeping the humidity in the arch shed at 60% -75%; after 50-60 days, i.e. 3 months from 2019, the plastic films of all the seedbeds are removed, only one 75% of shading net is covered, and the substrate is kept in a wet state.

(7) Nutrient management: after new leaves grow out of the seedling to be planted or after the tissue culture bud seedling is transplanted for 1 month, spraying 0.05 percent of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer solution (elegance Ran Miaole compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate (containing nitrate nitrogen) for 1 time every 2 weeks, N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 15-15% of O, wherein the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45%); the concentration of the compound fertilizer solution is increased to 0.2% by the fast-growing period of the seedlings in 5-9 months in 2019, and the compound fertilizer solution is sprayed for 1 time per month; spraying clear water on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings in time after each fertilization; after 10 months, the fertilization was stopped. Seedlings and tissue culture seedlings transplanted for 2, 6 and 12 months are shown in figures 4-9, the root clusters are compact, the root system is developed, and the quality of the seedlings is good.

(8) 3 months in 2020, nursery stock is transplanted for forestation, and the nursery yield is 90%.

Example 2

This example differs from example 1 in that red mud was used as a seedling substrate, and the other steps were identical to example 1.

Example 3

This example is different from example 1 in that the seedling substrate is filled with plastic seedling bags and then placed directly on a nursery (as shown in fig. 10).

Example 4

The difference between this example and example 1 is that the plastic seedling bag is used to fill the seedling substrate red mud and then placed directly on the nursery.

Examples 1-4 100 seedlings were randomly drawn for investigation for each type 12 months after transplanting, and the growth conditions and effects of the seedlings are shown in tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

From the results shown in table 1, in example 1, by providing a through hole at the bottom of the seedling raising container, and making the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the seedling raising container and the ground be 6cm, and combining with a specific type of seedling raising matrix (peat soil and vermiculite with volume ratios of 60% and 40%, respectively), the parameters of seedling height, ground diameter, root total length, root total area and root total volume of the obtained fir seedlings are significantly higher than those of other examples. In example 2, red mud is used as a seedling raising substrate, and the parameters of fir seedlings in the red mud seedling raising substrate are obviously reduced compared with those in example 1 although the seedling raising containers are the same. Example 3 even though the seedling substrate of example 1 was used, since the plastic seedling bag was directly placed on the nursery, the seedling container of example 1 having a hole of 1.8cm in diameter at the bottom was not used, and the distance between the hole and the ground was maintained at 6cm, the parameters were not ideal, and in particular, the seedling height and the ground diameter were hardly different from those of example 4. The various indices of example 4 are even more significantly worse than those of examples 1 and 2. From this, it is clear that in the embodiment 1 of the present invention, through holes are adopted, and the distance between the through holes and the ground is kept at a distance of 5cm or more, in particular, a distance of 5 to 10cm, and the growth of root systems, seedling heights and stems of fir seedlings are improved by means of mutual promotion and mutual cooperation with the seedling raising substrates (peat soil and vermiculite with volume ratios of 60% and 40% respectively) adopted in the embodiment 1.

In addition, as can be seen from fig. 14, a great amount of root penetration and root strings occur in the fir seedlings cultivated in example 4 during the growth process, which not only causes root damage, but also greatly increases the later root repair cost.

Example 5

The difference between this example and example 1 is that the seedling substrate is selected from the following groups (1) to (15) (the test procedure photographs are shown in fig. 11):

(1) 100% peat soil;

(2) 20% peat soil and 80% perlite;

(3) 20% peat soil and 80% coconut husk;

(4) 20% peat soil and 80% vermiculite;

(5) 60% peat soil and 40% perlite;

(6) 60% peat soil and 40% coconut husk;

(7) 60% peat soil +40% vermiculite (example 1);

(8) 20% peat soil, 40% perlite and 40% coconut husk;

(9) 20% peat soil, 40% perlite and 40% vermiculite;

(10) 20% peat soil, 40% coconut husk and 40% vermiculite;

(11) 46% peat soil, 27% perlite and 27% coconut husk;

(12) 46% peat soil +27% perlite +27% vermiculite;

(13) 46% peat soil +27% coconut husk +27% vermiculite;

(14) 20% peat soil, 27% perlite, 27% coconut husk and 26% vermiculite;

(15) 100% red mud (example 2).

Example 5 seedlings in each seedling substrate were investigated 12 months after transplanting, the growth conditions and effects of the seedlings are shown in tables 3 and 4, the fir seedlings obtained in groups (1) to (15) are shown in fig. 12, and the root system is shown in fig. 13 (left panel).

TABLE 3 Table 3

TABLE 4 Table 4

Group number	Root total length (cm)	Root surface area (cm) ² )	Root volume (cm) ³ )	Root mean diameter (mm)
					1	1526.42	234.11	3.12	0.55
2	1598.75	249.71	3.06	0.50
					3	1355.12	227.37	3.04	0.54
4	947.48	178.86	2.76	0.70
					5	1252.45	224.27	3.23	0.57
6	1251.84	220.83	3.11	0.56
					7	1697.75	263.14	3.42	0.51
8	1509.91	256.33	3.47	0.54
					9	985.53	167.88	2.29	0.56
10	1157.63	192.17	2.56	0.57
					11	973.47	167.37	2.31	0.56
12	991.10	169.49	2.31	0.55
					13	1255.56	195.26	2.42	0.49
14	693.86	124.81	1.79	0.57
					15	1121.57	208.18	2.96	0.58

As can be seen from tables 3, 4 and fig. 12, the growth index of the fir seedlings obtained by cultivating the fir seedlings with the matrix (60% peat soil +40% vermiculite) of group (7) is optimal, the root system can tightly wrap the matrix and not loosen, the root system can be easily lifted from the container when the seedlings emerge, and the root mass can be ensured to be complete and compact. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 13 (right image), the seedling growing condition of the seedling root system of the different seedling growing mediums after the seedling growing container of example 5 is transplanted for 12 months is replaced by the plastic bag, compared with the traditional mode of directly placing the seedling growing container on the nursery, the seedling root system in the 15 group matrix formula of example 1 is generally more developed, and the seedling growing container of example 1 and the combination of the (7) group matrix are adopted, so that the root configuration of the seedling is best, the fibrous root is most, the root surface area is the largest, and the comprehensive cultivation effect is best.

In addition to the above experiments, since the traditional fir container seedlings have the defects of poor air permeability of seedling raising matrix, inadequately developed root system, complicated procedures, large total weight of seedlings and the like, since 2015, the Guangdong forestry science institute conducted experimental study on superior strain container seedlings of fir than the system, and the total number of the cultured actual container seedlings and tissue culture container seedlings was 15 ten thousand plants in 5 years, wherein the number of the container seedlings in example 4 accounts for 90%, the number of the container seedlings in example 1 accounts for 10%, and the container seedlings are in an incremental state year after year. The seedling raising material mainly comprises 1 seedling of fir fine strain and 3 tissue culture seedlings of fine clone.

Random sampling investigation of the seedlings shows that after 12 months of transplanting, the pure red mud substrate container seedlings cultivated in the embodiment 4 have the total weight average value of the seedlings and the substrate of 969 g/plant, the total length average value of the root systems of the seedlings of 552.6cm and the total surface area average value of the root systems of 117.1cm ² Root system total volume mean value 2.0cm ³ The nursery-grown plant yield is 85% -95%, the seedling raising cost is about 0.35-0.40 yuan/plant, the artificial root trimming and seedling transplanting treatment is needed in the seedling raising process, and the seedling raising bag is needed to be stripped before planting, thus the labor and time are wasted.

By adopting the seedling raising method of the embodiment 1 of the invention, after transplanting for 12 months, the average total weight of the seedlings and the matrix is 506 g/plant, the seedling root mass is complete and compact, the root system is more developed,the average total length of the root system is 1560.4cm, and the average total surface area of the root system is 275.5cm ² The average total volume of the root system is 3.9cm ³ The nursery-grown plant yield is 85% -95%, the seedling raising cost is about 0.2-0.3 yuan/plant, in addition, the weight of the seedlings is reduced, the transportation pressure is greatly relieved, the artificial root trimming and seedling transplanting links are omitted in the seedling raising process, the seedling raising bag is not required to be stripped in planting, labor and time are saved, the environment is protected, and good technical guarantee is provided for production, popularization and application of high-quality fir seedlings.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The cultivation method of the fir seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

filling a seedling raising substrate into a seedling raising container, planting fir seeds or fir seedlings into the seedling raising substrate, and performing moisture management, light humidity management and nutrient management after planting; the seedling substrate is a mixture of peat soil and vermiculite, and the volume ratio of the peat soil to the vermiculite is (60-55): (40-45); the seedling raising container is a hard seedling raising container;

wherein, the bottom of the seedling raising container is provided with a through hole, and the vertical distance between the through hole at the bottom of the seedling raising container and the ground is more than or equal to 5cm; the diameter of the through hole is 1.5-2.0 cm.

2. A cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the fir seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment before planting, said germination accelerating treatment comprising: soaking fir seeds in 0.2-0.7 wt% potassium permanganate water solution for 25-40 min, washing with clear water, soaking in 45-55 deg.c water for 20-30 hr, accelerating germination at 28-30 deg.c, and seeding to expose white radicle or radicle length less than or equal to 0.5cm and covering with fine sand layer less than or equal to 1 cm.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein said fir seedlings are tissue culture seedlings; the tissue culture seedling comprises the following seedling hardening treatment before planting: placing the fir seedlings in a seedling hardening shed for rooting culture for 20-30 days for hardening seedlings, wherein the temperature of the seedling hardening environment is 25+/-2 ℃, the humidity of the seedling hardening environment is 60% -70%, performing cover sealing culture and cover opening culture under natural light, taking out the buds, cleaning with clear water, and planting in the seedling raising matrix.

4. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said moisture management comprises: the fir seeds or fir seedlings are immediately irrigated thoroughly after being planted, and the seedling leaf surfaces are sprayed with water after nutrient management.

5. The incubation method of claim 1, wherein the light management comprises: erecting a frame on a seedbed, covering a white plastic film, and covering a layer of shading net with shading degree of 75-85%, wherein the humidity in the film is kept at 80-90% within 15 days after planting; the humidity in the film is kept at 70% -85% within 15-45 days, the humidity in the film is kept at 60% -75% within 45-50 days after planting, the plastic film is removed after planting for 50-60 days, only one layer of shading net with the shading degree of 75% -85% is covered, and the seedling substrate is kept in a moist state.

6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said nutrient management comprises: after new leaves grow after seed planting or fir seedlings are planted for one month, 0.03 to 0.1 weight percent of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer solution is applied for 1 to 2 times every 2 to 3 weeks, and 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer solution is applied for 1 to 2 times every month when the seedlings grow fast.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation time of the fir seedlings is 11 months per year to 2 months next year; and/or selecting a cloudy day without strong wind or a small rainy day to plant the fir seeds or fir seedlings.