CN108770584A - A kind of Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture method - Google Patents

A kind of Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108770584A
CN108770584A CN201810647605.8A CN201810647605A CN108770584A CN 108770584 A CN108770584 A CN 108770584A CN 201810647605 A CN201810647605 A CN 201810647605A CN 108770584 A CN108770584 A CN 108770584A
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China
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seedling
nursery
container
taiwania flousiana
seed
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何斌
戴军
韦理电
吕小燕
周刚
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Guangxi University
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Guangxi University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to hops, grape, fruit tree or similar trees technical field of cultivation, disclose a kind of Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture method, the processes such as selection, sowing and Nursery stock transplanting, nursery bed management including Taiwania flousiana provenance selection, nursery lot selection, host material and container for plant growth, it is characterized in that showing good Guizhou or Yunnan Taiwania flousiana introduces a collection using the growth in Guangxi, it 2~March of next year is cultivated by measures such as sowing, sprigging and nursery stock management and obtains Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling.Seedling quality of the present invention is good, nursery stock root of hair is more, well developed root system, completely unfolds, and easily penetrates mesh bag, enhances the resistance of nursery stock, the surrival rate of afforestation can be improved, and used non-woven container easily decomposes, matrix weight is light, and seedling cost is cheap, easily promotes, develop Taiwania flousiana artificial forest for Guangxi and surrounding area, promote Forestry Sustainable to develop in a healthy way, provide a kind of seedling fostering method, there are higher economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.

Description

A kind of Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture method
Technical field
The invention belongs to hops, grape, fruit tree or similar trees technical field of cultivation, be related to a kind of Taiwania flousiana Light media Container seedling culture method.
Background technology
Taiwania flousiana (Taiwania flousiana Gaussen) Taiwania flousiana also known as native China fir, southwestern platform China fir.Belong to Taxodiaceae TaiWan, China The evergreen high megaphanerophyte of one kind of araucaria, tree body is tall and big, and highest plant is up to 75m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2.5m or more.Natural distributed is expensive in China The state province southeast, Yunnan Province is western and the Hubei Province west and south, distributed area across 24 ° 31 '~30 ° 08 ' of north latitude, 97 ° 34 ' of east longitude Between~109 ° 08 ', vertical distribution is the distinctive world rare plant in China, is now two level between 800~2500m of height above sea level Protected trees.Taiwania flousiana is adaptable strong, and pest and disease damage is few, and growth is fast, and Fast-growing stage is long, and material is good, stocking per unit area height etc. Feature.Taiwania flousiana adaptability is stronger, and long lifespan, pest and disease damage is few, and tree body height is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, crown grace, has higher ornamental valence Value is the fine tree species that Timber stands is built in south China mountain area, and Taiwania flousiana tree growth is rapid, and dry type is logical straight, and bark is thin, material Good, timber yield is high;Wood figure is beautiful, has fragrant, also known as fragrant China fir, and anticorrosive anti-wear performance is strong, be furniture, indoor decoration and The first-class of building uses material, has vast potential for future development.By literature search, Taiwania flousiana sowing nursery stock breeding method includes tradition at present Naked nursery and using yellow soil and burn soil as matrix carry out container nursery, wherein《Anhui forestry science and technology》1996 4 phases page 9~10, Yang Mingfeng et al. are described and are burnt dirt 8%+ composite fertilizers 1.5%+ biphosphates using forest top soil 45%+ Each 5%+ ferrous sulfate 0.5% of amine is matrix (Nutrition Soil).There is bottom plastic film bag as container for plant growth using (bottom is high) 8 × L3cm Cultivation of container seedling method.《Creative Science and Technology Co. Ltd's Leader》It page 124, Jiang Jinhua of 10th phase in 2011, describes using subacidity sandy loam For Taiwania flousiana field plant (bare-root seeding) method for culturing seedlings of nursery lot, and use forest humus soil 97%+ calcium superphosphate 3% or one As the decomposed sawdust 23%+ Chicken dungs 10%+ coal ash 5%+ calcium superphosphate 2% of stand table soil 60%+ be culture substrate, and use The method for culturing seedlings of conventional vessel.Guangdong Province provincial standard (DB44/T 407-2007《Taiwania flousiana cultivation technical specification》Describe choosing It is that nursery lot carries out Taiwania flousiana crop field (naked) seeding cultivating method, and (life is yellow using yellow soil with fertile, loose sandy loam Soil) 40%~60%+ burns 30%~50%+ of soil a small amount of humus soils, peat+plus calcium superphosphate 3% as matrix, there is bottom (bag) Plastic film bag is the Taiwania flousiana container seedling culture method of container.
In conclusion existing Taiwania flousiana tree seedling the problem is that:
(1) traditional naked method for culturing seedlings.Since nursery lot soil (i.e. culture substrate) is compared with consolidation, ventilating permeable is poor, It is unfavorable for seedling root growth, causes nursery stock irregular, when outplanting be easy to cause damage root system, emergence rate and qualified seedling Outplanting rate is relatively low, in addition transport is inconvenient, Afforestation Time, which is not suitable for dry weather, to be extended, and usually replaces nursery every year Ground.
(2) conventional plastic membrane container bag seedling method.Because using yellow soil for main culture substrate, matrix is overweight, soil For earth compared with consolidation, ventilating permeable is also poor, and generally existing root growth is not good enough, and nursery stock resistance is also weaker, needs when plant to tear open Except container, thus plantation work efficiency is influenced, increases cost of forestation, and be not suitable for arid season afforestation.Therefore, root system hair is cultivated It reaches, absorbs liquid manure ability and resistance is strong, be suitable for Various Seasonal and afforest, and conducive to the Taiwania flousiana of intensive management and convenience in transport Method for culturing seedlings has become existing Taiwania flousiana seedling-raising technique urgent problem to be solved and difficult point.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem:
It is since the traditional naked method for culturing seedlings and plastic film container bag seedling method of Taiwania flousiana nursery stock are all made of yellow soil Main medium matter, soil compaction, ventilating permeable is poor, and due to seedling root, children is tender, it is more difficult to and intert in matrix and grows, Therefore, it is unfavorable for seedling root growth, therefore seedling root is not flourishing enough, nursery stock resistance is also weaker, and naked nursery side It is easy to cause damage root system when the cultivated outplanting of method, when transplanted seedling tree that plastic film container bag seedling method is cultivated needs Container is removed, afforestation construction efficiency is not high, it is difficult to meet large-scale promotion in current social and build Taiwania flousiana woods to the excellent seedling of Taiwania flousiana The demand of wood.
Therefore, to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to which selection uses loose porous, venting and water permeable performance in terms of seedling medium Well it is suitble to the material of Growth of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen as culture substrate again with water retention property, and its container for plant growth both has ventilating permeable It can and need not be removed in transplanted seedling tree.By our test of many times studies have shown that with coconut palm chaff, peat soil, yellow soil, pearl Rock and phosphate fertilizer form by a certain percentage prepares culture substrate, and Taiwania flousiana cultivating seedlings are carried out by container for plant growth of non-woven fibre bag, can Preferably to meet the prerequisite condition of Medium of Container Seedling institute, it is advantageously implemented batch production container nursery, with traditional nursery Method is compared, and has the performances such as better water-permeable and air permeable root guard, and seedling root is flourishing, and fibrous root is more, enhances the resistance of nursery stock, The surrival rate of afforestation and the speed of growth are improved, disclosure satisfy that large-scale promotion builds Taiwania flousiana woods to the excellent nursery stock of Taiwania flousiana in current social Demand, therefore, to promote the rare rare seeds Taiwania flousiana artificial forest in southern area sustainable development, realize its continue insurance forever deposit with Efficient utilization plays an important role and meaning.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture methods.
The invention is realized in this way:A kind of Light media, the Light media is according to weight ratio by coconut palm chaff 37%, peat soil 30%, yellow soil 20%, perlite 10% and phosphate fertilizer 3% form.
Further, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, and total nutrient >= 45%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of the Light media, the preparation methods of the Light media For:The coconut palm chaff dried crushes, be sieved 10mm;The yellow soil smashed and peat soil sieving will be dried simultaneously;Coconut palm chaff, peat soil, Huang Cubsoil, perlite, phosphate fertilizer coconut palm chaff 37%, peat soil 30%, yellow soil 20%, perlite 10%, phosphate fertilizer 3% by weight proportion are mixed It is even.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of container nursery cup prepared by the Light media, the container nurseries Cup is that Light media loading bore is 4.5cm non-woven fabrics mesh bags.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Taiwania flousiana method for cultivating seedlings using the Light media, the Taiwania flousianas Method for cultivating seedlings includes:Taiwania flousiana provenance selection, nursery lot selection, host material and container for plant growth selection, sowing and seedling Wood transplanting, nursery bed management;By acquisition, in Guangxi, growth shows good Guizhou or Yunnan Taiwania flousiana introduces a collection, sows and sends out in nursery lot It after bud, migrates in the non-woven fabric net bag container for installing Light media, Taiwania flousiana container seedling is obtained by the management after transplanting.
Further, the Taiwania flousiana provenance selection specifically includes:
(1) it selects the Taiwania flousiana select tree of life in 60 years or more as seed collecting elite stand, after seed picking is dried, kind is packed with cloth bag Son is placed in aeration-drying and is in indoor room temperature storage or is placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerations of refrigerator;
(2) before sowing, seed is soaked in 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate after 15min, is rinsed seed with clear water and is done Only, seed is soaked in 30 DEG C~35 DEG C warm water, pulls seed out after 24 hours, seeding in nursery bed is put into after moisture slightly drains.
Further, the sowing specifically includes:First sand bed is drenched with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate prior to seeding, with modeling Expect film covering, sealing 2d, carries out nursery bed disinfection;When sowing by the seed broadcasting after soaking and abundant imbibition in seedbed, Every square metre of seeding in nursery bed amount is 2~3g, and lid 0.2~0.3cm thin sand and soils were opened with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing every 7 days Film, optionally water drenching, spray, seed raise film after being unearthed.
Further, the Nursery stock transplanting specifically includes:
(1) seedling cup is put:First seed plate is put in seedbed, non-woven fabrics mesh bag Light media container cup is neatly put seedbed, and Seedbed and matrix cup are sprayed with 1.5g/L liquor potassic permanganates, waited for 30min~1h, then with clear water shower matrix cup, stays and transplants seedlings For use;
(2) it waits for that Taiwania flousiana tree seedling grows true leaf and root system, removed tree seedling with tweezers and is cleaned with clear water, being transplanted to In advance in spare matrix cup, when seedling replanting, first uses a small wooden to bore a duck eye to the intermediate of container matrix cup, shifting It plants seedlings and is gently put into, nursery transplant root system, which is unfolded, to be put just, then is slowly compacted with small wooden, and transplanting process is avoided to slander root, wound as possible Bud, timely water drenching simultaneously cover film and carry out heat insulation work.
Further, the nursery stock, which is managed and protected, specifically includes:
(1) water and fertilizer management needs to keep matrix moistening after transplanting seedlings, early in the morning, evening each shower water it is primary;About 30 after transplanting transplantation of seedlings It applies 3g/L Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or compound solution, is then applied 1 time every 10d, to promote seedling root to develop;Nursery stock enters June to September Part, using quick-acting fertilizers such as urea, a concentration of 5~8g/L is applied weekly 1 time;2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphates are sprayed between 10~l1 months;
(2) shade manage and protect, capping 70%, sunshade net carry out shade manage and protect;To mid or late October, nursery stock plant height is generally grown To 15cm or more, ground diameter 0.25cm or more, raises sunshade net and carry out hardening treatment;
(3) after seedling replanting survives, start to spray 5g/L fenaminosulf solution after 1 month, be sprayed 1 time every 10d;4 months it 10g/L fenaminosulf solution is sprayed afterwards, is sprayed 1 time every 20d;
(4) nursery stock air root relief, when finding that lateral root is pierced by container, control water 2~3 times, while control container matrix is aqueous Rate is below 50%;
(5) hardening and outplanting afforest first 1~2 month and carry out hardening, gradually open sunshade net.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect such as following table:
Taiwania flousiana Light media net-bag seedling and traditional naked nursery comparison
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture method flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to Limit the present invention.
The present invention cultivates (naked nursery and container nursery) existing culture medium consolidation in the process for Taiwania flousiana tree seedling, Ventilating permeable is poor, and nursery stock is irregular, and resistance is poor, and emergence rate and qualified seedling outplanting rate, the surrival rate of afforestation are more low Technical problem, it is bald to provide that a kind of simple and practicable and seedling root is flourishing, resistance is strong, the surrival rate of afforestation is high, seedling growth is fast China fir method for cultivating seedlings, to realize that the strange land of Taiwania flousiana resource preserves and Efficient Cultivation and continuous utilization.
The application principle of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture method provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
S101:Seed collecting source and acquisition;
S102:Light media prepares and the production of matrix cup;
S103:Seed treatment and sowing;
S104:Nursery stock transplanting;
S105:Nursery stock is managed and protected.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Step S101 is specifically included:
1. collecting seed:It selects the growth in Guangxi to show excellent Guizhou introduces a collection or Yunnan introduces a collection, selects life in 60 years or more, form Logical straight, robust growth, no disease and pests harm Taiwania flousiana select tree packs seed after seed picking is dried as seed collecting elite stand with cloth bag, Aeration-drying is placed in be in indoor room temperature storage or be placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerations of refrigerator.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Step S102 is specifically included:
1. Light media prescription quality ratio:Coconut palm chaff 37%+ peat soil 30%+ yellow soil 20%+ perlite 10%+ phosphate fertilizer (mistakes Calcium phosphate) 3%.
2. matrix cup produces:The coconut palm chaff dried (moisture content about 15%) is crushed first, sieving (sieve pore 10mm), is shone simultaneously The dry yellow soil smashed and peat soil sieving, are then mixed coconut palm chaff, peat soil, yellow soil, perlite, phosphate fertilizer by formula rate Even, Light media container nursery cup can be produced for 4.5cm non-woven fabrics mesh bag by being finally packed into bore.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Step S103 is specifically included:
1. seed treatment:Seed is soaked in 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate after 15 minutes, is rinsed seed with clear water Totally, then by seed it is soaked in 30 DEG C -35 DEG C warm water 24 hours, seed can be pulled out by allowing after the abundant imbibition of seed, wait for moisture slightly Seeding in nursery bed can be put into after draining.
2. sowing:First seedbed (sand soil bed) is drenched with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate prior to seeding, is covered with plastic film Lid, sealing 2 days, carry out nursery bed disinfection.The seed uniform broadcasting after soaking and abundant imbibition is often put down in seedbed when sowing Square rice sand bed application rate is 2~3g, and lid 0.2~0.3cm thin sand and soils opened film with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing every 7 days, Optionally water drenching, spray, seed raise film after being unearthed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Step S104 is specifically included:
1. seedling cup is put:First seed plate is put in seedbed, it is then that the non-woven fabrics mesh bag Light media container cup produced is neat Seedbed is put, the liquor potassic permanganate of 1.5g/L is used in combination to spray seedbed and matrix cup, waited for 30min~1h, then with clear water shower Matrix cup is stayed and is transplanted seedlings for use.
2. seedling replanting:Wait for that Taiwania flousiana tree seedling grows true leaf and a small amount of root system (4~6, young root), you can will be broadcast with tweezers Seedling, which removes, simultaneously to be cleaned with clear water, then being transplanted in spare matrix cup in advance, first with a small wooden when seedling replanting One duck eye is bored to the intermediate of container matrix cup, then nursery transplant is gently put into, nursery transplant root system, which is unfolded, to be put just, is then used again Small wooden is slowly compacted, and is avoided transplanting process to slander root as possible, is hindered bud, and timely water drenching simultaneously covers film and carries out heat insulation work.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Step S105 is specifically included:
1. water and fertilizer management Taiwania flousiana seedling growth it is noted that liquid manure management, especially water management.It needs to keep base after transplanting seedlings Matter moistens, and generally early, late each shower water is primary.Transplanting transplantation of seedlings after about 30d apply 3g/L Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or composite fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium available nutrient is respectively 15%, total nutrient >=45%) liquid, it is then applied 1 time every 10d, to promote seedling root to develop;Nursery stock into Enter to grow (June to September) after animated period, using quick-acting fertilizers such as urea, a concentration of 5~8g/L is applied weekly 1 time;Hereafter (10~l1 Between month) 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphates can be sprayed, to promote seedling lignifying, improve Resistance of seedling and the surrival rate of afforestation.
2. mid or late March is managed and protected in shade, temperature gos up, and direct sunlight can have an impact growth of seedling, while also can be rising Large quantity of moisture needed for seedling growth, need to be capped 70% or so sunshade net carry out shade manage and protect.To mid or late October, nursery stock strain It is high generally to grow to 15cm or more, ground diameter 0.25cm or more, you can it raises sunshade net and carries out hardening treatment, promote nursery stock lignifying, Enhance the ability of disease and insect resistance.
3. after prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control seedling replanting survives, starting to spray 5g/L fenaminosulf solution after 1 month, 1 is sprayed every 10d It is secondary;10g/L fenaminosulf solution is sprayed after 4 months, is sprayed 1 time every 20d;During preparating liquid, can add it is a small amount of its His pesticide (such as Rogor, metrifonate), to achieve the effect that prevent seedling disease pest from endangering.
4. nursery stock air root relief is more than height of seedling 15cm, close observation nursery stock lateral root growth situation.When discovery lateral root is worn When going out container, mobile container seedling makes it generate gap, reaches air root relief or hardening purpose, controls water in due course 2~3 times, same to time control Container substrate water content, hereinafter, to promote nursery stock fibrous root to increase, improves seedling quality 50%.
5. hardening afforests first 1~2 month with outplanting and carries out hardening, by gradually opening sunshade net, when increasing illumination Between and intensity, gradually decrease water drenching number and water drenching amount, and stop applying fertilizer, promote the lignifying of nursery stock, enhance nursery stock Resistant Evil ability and resistance improve the surrival rate of afforestation.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:The ingredient and weight ratio of Light media are coconut palm chaff 37%+ peat soils 30%+ yellow Cubsoil 20%+ perlite 10%+ phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate) 3%, is sufficiently mixed after stirring evenly and uses.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Step S101 is specifically included:Nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium content of composite fertilizer be respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, total nutrient >=45%.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Seedling replanting is in seeding in nursery bed and to wait for that tree seedling grows true leaf and a small amount of root It is that tree seedling is transplanted to thing and is had been charged into the container cup of Light media after (4~6, young root), cultivates Light media container seedling.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to start to spray 5g/L after 1 month after seedling replanting survives Fenaminosulf solution sprays 1 time every 10d;10g/L fenaminosulf solution is sprayed after 4 months, is sprayed 1 time every 20 days;With pharmacy During liquid, other a small amount of pesticides (such as Rogor, metrifonate) can be added.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Nursery stock air root relief is as nursery stock up to 10~14cm, such as side fibrous root transverse direction When being pierced by container, mobile container seedling makes it generate gap, reaches air root relief or hardening purpose, controls water in due course 2~3 times, control Container substrate water content makes nursery stock generate temporary physiology water shortage, reaches nursery stock air root relief purpose 50% or so.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention:Hardening is afforestation first 1~2 month, gradually opens sunshade net, when increasing illumination Between and intensity, gradually decrease water drenching number and water drenching amount, and stop applying fertilizer, promote the lignifying of nursery stock,
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
2 months 2014 Guangxi Maonan Autonomous County of Huanjiang Huashan forest farm select it is flat, illumination is more sufficient, irrigation and drainage are good, Irrigation and drainage facilitate, have a good transport service, conducive to seedling transportation place as nursery lot.Seedbed is got out in nursery lot, bed surface is general Wide 100~120cm, high 15~20cm, seedbed length is depending on specific, the wide about 0.5m of pavement between seedbed, seedbed surface layer For sand bed is drenched with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing 2 days, carries out nursery bed disinfection.Then it selects In Guangxi, growth shows excellent Guizhou introduces a collection or Yunnan introduces a collection, to ensure seed seeding quality, should use last year harvesting ripe, Fresh seeds.Seed is soaked in 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate after 15min, is rinsed well seed with clear water, then will kind Son is soaked in 30 DEG C -35 DEG C warm water, for 24 hours after can pull seed out, will be after soaking and abundant imbibition after moisture slightly drains Seed uniform broadcasting in sterilized seedbed (sand soil bed), every square metre of sand soil bed application rate is 2~3g, lid 0.2~ 0.3cm thin sand and soils cover seed, and thickness is advisable with loseing seed.With covered rearing with plastic film, sealing, film was opened every 7 days, depending on Situation water drenching, spray, seed raise film after being unearthed.
By Medium of Container Seedling coconut palm chaff 37kg, peat soil 30kg, yellow soil 20kg, perlite 10kg, phosphate fertilizer (peroxophosphoric acid Calcium) 3kg fully it is broken mix thoroughly after be packed into bore 4.5cm, length be 10cm non-woven fabrics mesh bag, that is, Light media container nursery cup in.
Wait for that Taiwania flousiana tree seedling grows true leaf and a small amount of root system (4~6, young root), you can tree seedling is removed with tweezers and is used in combination Clear water is cleaned, then being transplanted in spare matrix cup in advance, first with a small wooden to container matrix cup when seedling replanting It is intermediate bore a duck eye, then nursery transplant is gently put into, nursery transplant root system, which is unfolded, to be put just, is then slowly pressed with small wooden again Real nursery stock surrounding substrate avoids transplanting process from slandering root, hinders bud as possible, and water drenching in time and 70% shading screen of capping.After transplanting seedlings Matrix need to be kept to moisten, apply 3g/L Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or compound solution within about 30 days, applied every 10 days 1 time, promote seedling root development;
After seedling replanting survives, starts to spray 5g/L fenaminosulf solution after 1 month, be sprayed 1 time every 10d;It is sprayed after 4 months 10g/L fenaminosulf solution is spilt, is sprayed 1 time every 20d;During preparating liquid, can add other a small amount of pesticides (such as Rogor, Metrifonate etc.), to achieve the effect that prevent seedling disease pest from endangering.Nursery stock enters after growth animated period (June to September), using urine The quick-acting fertilizers such as element, a concentration of 5~8g/L are applied weekly 1 time;Hereafter 2g/L phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer can be sprayed (between 10~l1 months), to promote Seedling lignifying improves Resistance of seedling and the surrival rate of afforestation.When more than height of seedling 15cm, close observation nursery stock lateral root growth shape Condition.When finding that lateral root is pierced by container, mobile container seedling makes it generate gap, reaches air root relief or hardening purpose, controls in due course Water 2~3 times, at the same control container substrate water content 50% hereinafter, to promote nursery stock fibrous root to increase, improve seedling quality. It is out of the garden first 2 months and opens shading screen, reduce water drenching number and water drenching amount, improve the degree of lignification of nursery stock, enhance disease and insect resistance Ability, while and carry out nursery stock weeding work.
Outplanting afforests first 1~2 month and carries out hardening, by gradually opening sunshade net, increase light application time and intensity, Water drenching number and water drenching amount are gradually decreased, and stops applying fertilizer, promotes the lignifying of nursery stock, enhance nursery stock diseases and insect pests resistance and is resisted Inverse property, improves the surrival rate of afforestation.It is measured according to 500 seedlings of random sampling as a result, the Taiwania flousiana Light media seedling of 1a lifes is average High 19.2cm, ground diameter 0.36cm.Wherein height of seedling, ground diameter are respectively greater than or the nursery stock equal to 16cm and 0.30cm accounts for 90%, and seedling Wood is sturdy, side fibrous root is more, the surrival rate of afforestation of going up a hill 97.5%.
Embodiment 2:
In the state-owned dimension in Laibin city of Guangxi Guangxi, all forest farm selection is flat, illumination is more sufficient, irrigation and drainage are good, row within 2 months 2014 Fill facilitate, have a good transport service, conducive to seedling transportation place as nursery lot.Seedbed is got out in nursery lot, bed surface is generally wide 100~120cm, high 15~20cm, seedbed length is depending on specific, the wide about 0.5m of pavement between seedbed, and seedbed surface layer is, Sand bed is drenched with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing 2 days, carries out nursery bed disinfection.Then it selects Guangxi growth shows excellent Guizhou introduces a collection or Yunnan introduces a collection, to ensure seed seeding quality, should use last year harvesting ripe, new Fresh seed.Seed is soaked in 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate after 15min, is rinsed well seed with clear water, then by seed Be soaked in 30 DEG C -35 DEG C warm water, for 24 hours after can pull seed out, will be after soaking and abundant imbibition after moisture slightly drains In sterilized seedbed (sand soil bed), every square metre of sand soil bed application rate is 2~3g for seed uniform broadcasting, lid 0.2~ 0.3cm thin sand and soils cover seed, and thickness is advisable with loseing seed.With covered rearing with plastic film, sealing, film was opened every 7 days, depending on Situation water drenching, spray, seed raise film after being unearthed.
By Medium of Container Seedling coconut palm chaff 37kg, peat soil 30kg, yellow soil 20kg, perlite 10kg, phosphate fertilizer (peroxophosphoric acid Calcium) 5kg fully it is broken mix thoroughly after be packed into bore 4.5cm, length be 10cm non-woven fabrics mesh bag, that is, Light media container nursery cup in.
Wait for that Taiwania flousiana tree seedling grows true leaf and a small amount of root system (4~6, young root), you can tree seedling is removed with tweezers and is used in combination Clear water is cleaned, then being transplanted in spare matrix cup in advance, first with a small wooden to container matrix cup when seedling replanting It is intermediate bore a duck eye, then nursery transplant is gently put into, nursery transplant root system, which is unfolded, to be put just, is then slowly pressed with small wooden again Real nursery stock surrounding substrate avoids transplanting process from slandering root, hinders bud as possible, and water drenching in time and 70% shading screen of capping.After transplanting seedlings Matrix need to be kept to moisten, apply 3g/L Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or compound solution within about 30 days, applied every 10 days 1 time, promote seedling root development;
After seedling replanting survives, starts to spray 5g/L fenaminosulf solution after 1 month, be sprayed 1 time every 10d;It is sprayed after 4 months 10g/L fenaminosulf solution is spilt, is sprayed 1 time every 20d;During preparating liquid, can add other a small amount of pesticides (such as Rogor, Metrifonate etc.), to achieve the effect that prevent seedling disease pest from endangering.Nursery stock enters after growth animated period (June to September), using urine The quick-acting fertilizers such as element, a concentration of 5~8g/L are applied weekly 1 time;Hereafter 2g/L phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer can be sprayed (between 10~l1 months), to promote Seedling lignifying improves Resistance of seedling and the surrival rate of afforestation.When more than height of seedling 15cm, close observation nursery stock lateral root growth shape Condition.When finding that lateral root is pierced by container, mobile container seedling makes it generate gap, reaches air root relief or hardening purpose, controls in due course Water 2~3 times, at the same control container substrate water content 50% hereinafter, to promote nursery stock fibrous root to increase, improve seedling quality. It is out of the garden first 2 months and opens shading screen, reduce water drenching number and water drenching amount, improve the degree of lignification of nursery stock, enhance disease and insect resistance Ability, while and carry out nursery stock weeding work.
Outplanting afforests first 1~2 month and carries out hardening, by gradually opening sunshade net, increase light application time and intensity, Water drenching number and water drenching amount are gradually decreased, and stops applying fertilizer, promotes the lignifying of nursery stock, enhance nursery stock diseases and insect pests resistance and is resisted Inverse property, improves the surrival rate of afforestation.It is measured according to 500 seedlings of random sampling as a result, the Taiwania flousiana Light media seedling of 1a lifes is average High 18.9cm, ground diameter 0.34cm.Wherein height of seedling, ground diameter are respectively greater than or the nursery stock equal to 16cm and 0.30cm accounts for 85%, and seedling Wood is sturdy, side fibrous root is more, the surrival rate of afforestation of going up a hill 97.8%.
Embodiment 3:
2 months 2015 Guangxi Tiane County high building mountain forest selection is flat, illumination is more sufficient, irrigation and drainage are good, irrigation and drainage are convenient, Have a good transport service, conducive to seedling transportation place as nursery lot.Get out seedbed in nursery lot, bed surface it is general it is wide by 100~ 120cm, high 15~20cm, seedbed length is depending on specific, and the wide about 0.5m of pavement between seedbed, seedbed surface layer is sand bed It is drenched with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing 2 days, carries out nursery bed disinfection.Then it selects in Guangxi Growth shows excellent Guizhou introduces a collection or Yunnan introduces a collection, to ensure seed seeding quality, should use last year harvesting ripe, fresh kind Son.Seed is soaked in 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate after 15min, is rinsed well seed with clear water, then seed is impregnated In 30 DEG C -35 DEG C warm water, for 24 hours after can pull seed out, by the seed after soaking and abundant imbibition after moisture slightly drains Uniform broadcasting is in sterilized seedbed (sand soil bed), and every square metre of sand soil bed application rate is 2~3g, and 0.2~0.3cm of lid is thin Sandy soil cover seed, and thickness is advisable with loseing seed.With covered rearing with plastic film, sealing, film was opened every 7 days, is optionally drenched Water, spray, seed raise film after being unearthed.
By Medium of Container Seedling coconut palm chaff 35kg, peat soil 30kg, yellow soil 20kg, perlite 10kg, phosphate fertilizer (peroxophosphoric acid Calcium) 5kg fully it is broken mix thoroughly after be packed into bore 4.5cm, length be 10cm non-woven fabrics mesh bag, that is, Light media container nursery cup in. Wait for that Taiwania flousiana tree seedling grows true leaf and a small amount of root system (4~6, young root), you can tree seedling is removed with tweezers and is washed with clear water Only, then being transplanted in spare matrix cup in advance, first with a small wooden to the centre of container matrix cup when seedling replanting A duck eye is bored, then nursery transplant is gently put into, nursery transplant root system, which is unfolded, to be put just, is then slowly compacted nursery stock with small wooden again Surrounding substrate avoids transplanting process from slandering root, hinders bud as possible, and water drenching in time and 70% shading screen of capping.It needs to keep after transplanting seedlings Matrix moistens, and applies 3g/L Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or compound solution within about 30 days, was applied every 10 days 1 time, promotes seedling root development;
After seedling replanting survives, starts to spray 5g/L fenaminosulf solution after 1 month, be sprayed 1 time every 10d;It is sprayed after 4 months 10g/L fenaminosulf solution is spilt, is sprayed 1 time every 20d;During preparating liquid, can add other a small amount of pesticides (such as Rogor, Metrifonate etc.), to achieve the effect that prevent seedling disease pest from endangering.Nursery stock enters after growth animated period (June to September), using urine The quick-acting fertilizers such as element, a concentration of 5~8g/L are applied weekly 1 time;Hereafter 2g/L phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer can be sprayed (between 10~l1 months), to promote Seedling lignifying improves Resistance of seedling and the surrival rate of afforestation.When more than height of seedling 15cm, close observation nursery stock lateral root growth shape Condition.When finding that lateral root is pierced by container, mobile container seedling makes it generate gap, reaches air root relief or hardening purpose, controls in due course Water 2~3 times, at the same control container substrate water content 50% hereinafter, to promote nursery stock fibrous root to increase, improve seedling quality. It is out of the garden first 2 months and opens shading screen, reduce water drenching number and water drenching amount, improve the degree of lignification of nursery stock, enhance disease and insect resistance Ability, while and carry out nursery stock weeding work.
Outplanting afforests first 1~2 month and carries out hardening, by gradually opening sunshade net, increase light application time and intensity, Water drenching number and water drenching amount are gradually decreased, and stops applying fertilizer, promotes the lignifying of nursery stock, enhance nursery stock diseases and insect pests resistance and is resisted Inverse property, improves the surrival rate of afforestation.It is measured according to 500 seedlings of random sampling as a result, the Taiwania flousiana Light media seedling of 1a lifes is average High 19.1cm, ground diameter 0.36cm.Wherein height of seedling, ground diameter are respectively greater than or the nursery stock equal to 16cm and 0.30cm accounts for 91%, and seedling Wood is sturdy, side fibrous root is more, the surrival rate of afforestation of going up a hill 98.2%.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of Light media, which is characterized in that the Light media is according to weight ratio by coconut palm chaff 37%, peat soil 30%, gold zone Soil 20%, perlite 10% and phosphate fertilizer 3% form.
2. Light media as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content difference It is 15%, 15%, 15%, total nutrient >=45%.
3. a kind of preparation method of Light media as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the Light media is: The coconut palm chaff dried crushes, be sieved 10mm;The yellow soil smashed and peat soil sieving will be dried simultaneously;Coconut palm chaff, peat soil, gold zone Soil, perlite, phosphate fertilizer coconut palm chaff 37%, peat soil 30%, yellow soil 20%, perlite 10%, phosphate fertilizer 3% by weight proportion are mixed It is even.
4. container nursery cup prepared by a kind of Light media described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the container nursery cup is light It is 4.5cm non-woven fabrics mesh bags that matrix, which is packed into bore,.
5. a kind of Taiwania flousiana method for cultivating seedlings using Light media described in claim 1~2 any one, which is characterized in that institute Stating Taiwania flousiana method for cultivating seedlings includes:Taiwania flousiana provenance selection, nursery lot selection, host material and container for plant growth selection are broadcast Kind and Nursery stock transplanting, nursery bed management;By acquisition, in Guangxi, growth shows good Guizhou or Yunnan Taiwania flousiana introduces a collection, in nursery lot It after sowing germination, migrates in the non-woven fabric net bag container for installing Light media, Taiwania flousiana container seedling is obtained by the management after transplanting.
6. Taiwania flousiana method for cultivating seedlings as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the Taiwania flousiana provenance selection specifically wraps It includes:
(1) the Taiwania flousiana select tree of life in 60 years or more is selected to pack seed after seed picking is dried as seed collecting elite stand with cloth bag, set It is in indoor room temperature storage in aeration-drying or is placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerations of refrigerator;
(2) before sowing, seed is soaked in 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate after 15min, is rinsed well seed with clear water, kind Son is soaked in 30 DEG C~35 DEG C warm water, pulls seed out after 24 hours, seeding in nursery bed is put into after moisture slightly drains.
7. Taiwania flousiana method for cultivating seedlings as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the sowing specifically includes:Prior to seeding Sand bed is drenched with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate first, with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing 2d, carries out nursery bed disinfection;It will be through when sowing It impregnates and the seed broadcasting fully after imbibition is in seedbed, every square metre of seeding in nursery bed amount is 2~3g, lid 0.2~0.3cm fine sands Soil opened film with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing every 7 days, and optionally water drenching, spray, seed raise film after being unearthed.
8. Taiwania flousiana method for cultivating seedlings as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the Nursery stock transplanting specifically includes:
(1) seedling cup is put:First seed plate is put in seedbed, non-woven fabrics mesh bag Light media container cup is neatly put seedbed, is used in combination 1.5g/L liquor potassic permanganates spray seedbed and matrix cup, wait for 30min~1h, then with clear water shower matrix cup, stay to transplant seedlings and wait for With;
(2) it waits for that Taiwania flousiana tree seedling grows true leaf and root system, removed tree seedling with tweezers and is cleaned with clear water, it is prior being transplanted to In spare matrix cup, one duck eye first is bored to the intermediate of container matrix cup with a small wooden when seedling replanting, nursery transplant Gently it is put into, nursery transplant root system, which is unfolded, to be put just, then is slowly compacted with small wooden, is avoided transplanting process to slander root as possible, is hindered bud, and When water drenching and cover film and carry out heat insulation work.
9. Taiwania flousiana method for cultivating seedlings as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the nursery stock, which is managed and protected, to be specifically included:
(1) water and fertilizer management needs to keep matrix moistening after transplanting seedlings, early in the morning, evening each shower water it is primary;It is applied within about 30 days after transplanting transplantation of seedlings 3g/L Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or compound solution are then applied 1 time every 10d, to promote seedling root to develop;Nursery stock enters June to September, Using quick-acting fertilizers such as urea, a concentration of 5~8g/L is applied weekly 1 time;2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphates are sprayed between 10~November;
(2) shade manage and protect, capping 70%, sunshade net carry out shade manage and protect;To mid or late October, nursery stock plant height is generally long extremely 15cm or more, ground diameter 0.25cm or more raise sunshade net and carry out hardening treatment;
(3) after seedling replanting survives, start to spray 5g/L fenaminosulf solution after 1 month, be sprayed 1 time every 10d;It is sprayed after 4 months 10g/L fenaminosulf solution is spilt, is sprayed 1 time every 20d;
(4) nursery stock air root relief, when finding that lateral root is pierced by container, control water 2~3 times, while control container substrate water content exists 50% or less;
(5) hardening and outplanting afforest first 1~2 month and carry out hardening, gradually open sunshade net.
CN201810647605.8A 2018-06-22 2018-06-22 A kind of Taiwania flousiana Light media container seedling culture method Pending CN108770584A (en)

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CN109699385A (en) * 2019-03-13 2019-05-03 江苏省林业科学研究院 A kind of method of red fruit elm cultivation container seedlings
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CN112868499A (en) * 2021-01-08 2021-06-01 佛山市林业科学研究所(佛山植物园) Seedling culture medium for promoting growth of short-order Machilus thunbergii seedlings
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CN113841556B (en) * 2021-01-22 2023-08-15 广东省林业科学研究院 Cultivation method of fir seedlings
CN114431058A (en) * 2022-01-19 2022-05-06 四川云辰园林科技有限公司 Loose matrix and double-cup one-net arbor seedling raising method
CN115104473A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-09-27 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 Sowing and seedling raising method for hybrid Mexico larch
CN115119681A (en) * 2022-07-13 2022-09-30 广东省林业科学研究院 Method for growing seedlings of castanopsis hystrix in seedling stage by using light medium

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