CN102550271A - Method for commercialized cultivation of container seedling of cold-resistant japanese cinnamon germplasm - Google Patents
Method for commercialized cultivation of container seedling of cold-resistant japanese cinnamon germplasm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for commercialized cultivation of container seedling of cold-resistant japanese cinnamon germplasm. During the process of culturing seedlings, the requirements for the technical links such as seed harvesting, storing, matrix sterilizing and the like are strict; according to the features of different stages of container seedling cultivation, the method of the invention adopts the technical scheme of rational base fertilizer, foliage dressing, water treatment, pruning and so on; and the configuration materials of the matrix are easily-accessible, and are low in cost, and the seedlings have good growth adaptability and grow fast. According to the growth characteristics of japanese cinnamon, the method of the invention divides the container seedling cultivating into two stages so as to effectively avoid the possible damages to the seedlings caused by low temperature in winter and effectively increase the growth speed of the seedlings. The method of the invention uses the technical indicators of seedling age, shape, physiology and so on as the basis, determines the quality grade of seedlings of different usages, reduces the application cost of afforestation and greening, and improves the application effects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of container seedling culture method, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling.
Background technology
Cinnamomum japonicum (Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.var.chekiangense (Nakai) M.P.Tang et Yao) is a dungarunga in the Lauraceae Cinnamomum subtropical evergreen; Main root is flourishing; Deep-rootedness has happiness light, water-fast wet, growth characteristics such as speed is given birth to, and likes well-drained subacidity soil.Main product is provinces such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan on the south the Changjiang river, are born in the following evergreen broad-leaved forest of height above sea level 1000m more.The cinnamomum japonicum form is perfectly straight, and the luxuriant show of tree performance is tree-like tall and straight and graceful, and the four seasons are evergreen and give off a strong fragrance, and also has anti-flue dust, and characteristics such as few damage by disease and insect are suitable for the multiple planting patternss such as group planting, isolated planting in the afforestation, is a rare precious green tree species.Hard, the corrosion resistant of its timber can supply usefulness such as building, vehicle, furniture and farm implements; Branches and leaves and bark are rich in aromatic oil, are the important source material of making various essence and spices; Seed can extract oil, and supplies soap system and makes lubricating oil, has important economic value.In addition, its inclusion also has analgesic antibiotic, antineoplastic function, is the medicinal new varieties that have development potentiality, is state three level protecting plant.This germplasm of cinnamomum japonicum originates in South of Jiangsu Province; Also there is distribution in Anhui, Zhejiang; Jiangsu Province Chinese Academy of Sciences plant passes through nearly 50 years cultivation domestication; Select cold resistance and be superior to the good cold-resistant germplasm of fragrant camphor tree and Zhejiang camphor tree, the big tree of cold-resistant cinnamomum japonicum of outdoor cropping does not have freeze injury through-13.5 ℃ winter low temperatures.In the process of using that cinnamomum japonicum is afforested, find: it is short that 3cm above cinnamomum japonicum soil ball seedling in rice footpath is fitted the period of planting, and plant the back and recover slow, maintenance cost height, if heavily do not cut driedly, transplanting success is extremely low.Soil ball seedling or bareroot seedling transplanting success low this shortcoming has limited applying of cinnamomum japonicum afforestation, greening greatly.To the cold-resistant rare market demand of evergreen broad-leaved trees germplasm of greening seedling industry, the cold-resistant germplasm high-quality container seedling commercialization of cinnamomum japonicum is cultivated has the great prospect of marketing.
Container nursery is the advanced form that present ornamental plant is grown seedlings, and adopts container nursery not only can practice thrift seed, practices thrift seedling cost, improve the survival rate of nursery stock transplanting, and the seedling growth that container is cultivated is fast, quality good, and stem is sturdy, well developed root system.About the container nursery of cinnamomum japonicum, also there is being the part scholar to carry out correlative study previously.(Putuo camphor tree biological property and culture technique, " forest-science ", in September, 2008 such as Yu Ciying; The 44th the 9th phase of volume) when studying the raising technology of Putuo camphor tree; Adopt container nursery, nutritive cube seeding and seedling raising in beam-connected greenhouse adopts scorched clay dust to cover seed; The observation nursery effect, container matrix adopts garden mould; (Neolitsea sericea and Putuo camphor tree container nursery test such as Xu Binfen; " forestry science and technology exploitation "; 2007 the 21st the 5th phases of volume) the substrates with different proportioning has also been done in the container nursery of Putuo camphor tree; Like 4/5 peat+1/5 perlite, 2/5 peat+1/10 perlite+ground, 1/2 garden soil etc., obtain " ground, 100% garden soil or 2/5 peat+1/10 perlite+ground, 1/2 garden soil " suitable Putuo camphor tree container nursery; (cinnamomum japonicum container nursery matrix formulations research such as Du Peijian; " Jiangsu agricultural science "; 2008 the 2nd phases) matrix formulations of cinnamomum japonicum container nursery has been done different comparative study; Peat, perlite, vermiculite, rice husk, 5 kinds of matrix of broad-leaved tree wood chip are mixed into 18 kinds of different formulations, obtain the most suitable cinnamomum japonicum growth of seedling of prescription of peat 70%+ vermiculite 20%+ broad-leaved tree wood chip 10%.
But still there are certain defective and deficiency in the above-mentioned result of study; For the technology of the seedling propagation in gardening, the forestry technology; Seedling-cultivating method is the integral body of a system; The characteristic that from the processing of seed, on the choice of base, on time of cultivating concrete management method going up, cultivating, all is mutually related, it directly has influence on plant percent, and further has influence on growth rate and the quality of nursery stock.Though mentioned container nursery in the research like people such as Yu Ciying, Du Peijian; Also provided the preferred version of matrix; But it also fails to provide a complete cinnamomum japonicum container seedling culture method; Modes such as its outdoor sowing, cottage propagation all differ greatly with container seedling culture method, only are the notions of a summary, and are few for the whole series reference value of growing seedlings the scheme; Though provided some imaginations of matrix in people's such as Xu Binfen, Du Peijian the research through comparative trial, through applicant's comparison test, its choice of base also has unreasonable part; Very light of the quality of perlite and vermiculite; Be suitable for being used for doing cutting medium, but when doing cultivation matrix, be difficult to play ventilative, effect of water keeping usually with earth mixture; Can be after watering in a large number with the water levitating; Add the lighter equally peat of quality, bark and wood chip, can cause matrix to be prone to do after long-term a large amount of the use, consumption lacks the effect of planting accordingly at least; Broad-leaved tree wood chip or bark are comparatively common as edible fungus culturing matrix material usually; Although also can be used as horticulture ground substance uses; But often water and can cause fast rotting infested when mixing, the effect that does not only reach matrix, also easy infectious disease insect pest with soil or other matrix.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to prior art; The invention provides the method that a kind of cinnamomum japonicum seed receptacle is grown seedlings; Not only a whole set of method of cinnamomum japonicum container nursery has been carried out comprehensive research; Simultaneously subtleties such as cultivation matrix, cultivation management measure have also been done corresponding adjustment, result of the test obviously is superior to the scheme of prior art.
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling, composition has the following steps:
Step 1: seed collection and storage
Select that growth potential strongly, tree-like is rectified, no damage by disease and insect, the fine individual plant of the age of tree more than 20 years be the seed collecting elite stand.By the end of October to mid-November when pericarp picking fruit when aubergine becomes atropurpureus.Place 1-2 week as for cool place place behind the fruit harvesting, will pass through fruit after the placement and rub with the hands and remove pulp, rinse Hou Shazang; It is 1% liquor potassic permanganate to the river sand sterilization that carries out disinfection that Sha Zangqian adopts concentration, and it is 20%-30% that the humidity of sand is controlled at moisture content.
Step 2: seeding and seedling raising
Next year, early March was sowed in the daylight plastic tunnel.Sowing media shifts to an earlier date 10d to be prepared in booth, and matrix adopts the combination of peat+pond sludge+rice husk, and the volume ratio preparation by 1: 3: 1 adds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in right amount and stirs; Liquor potassic permanganate with 1% or press 10g/m
3Ratio in matrix, evenly puddle into the zineb medicament, carry out matrix and stack sterilization;
Adopt the cave dish sowing of 5cm * 10cm specification, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, the matrix cladding thickness is 1-1.5cm, suppresses when matrix covers, and makes seed and matrix closely sturdy.In time adopt the mode of little spray to water in after planting 5 hours, prevent that the young shoot dehydration is impaired, adopt sowing to cover the cave dish behind the water of fully drenching with nonwoven.Afterwards, spray is once permeable weekly, begins to be unearthed through cinnamomum japonicum seedling cotyledon after 2 weeks, in time removes nonwoven; Seed sprouted and accomplished basically mid-April, carried out sprigging and after-culture according to the cave dish seed situation of sprouting, and made every cave 1 seedling, and every day at the upper and lower noon is respectively carried out the spray of a short time, guarantees the humidity in the booth; When May, temperature progressively raise, keep ventilating in the booth on daytime;
When June, the cinnamomum japonicum seedling grew 2 complete leaves basically, selecting light transmittance was that 75% sunshade net carries out necessary shading, and booth keeps good ventilation state, and the strong weather of illumination increases and respectively increases 1-2 morning and afternoon and spray number of times.Topdress respectively at carrying out 2 times with early August by the end of June, all use the urea liquid foliage fertilizer of 0.3% concentration; August, seedling grew 4-5 sheet spire basically; September with the pouring mode of leaf change into water weekly 1-2 time permeable, take the sunshade net simultaneously away, accept the refining seedling of full exposure.
Go into after the winter temperature decline, in the daylight plastic tunnel, build little shed,, strengthen the control of soil humidity in the dish of cave simultaneously to guarantee cave dish seedling safe overwintering.
Step 3: cultivation of container seedling
Foster the phase in the step 3.1 seedling booth: next year in late Febuary with the sprigging in the cave dish in the plastics plantation bag of 10cm * 10cm, the same sowing media of grafting matrix, and suitably increase fertilizer input, mixedly execute a small amount of composite fertilizer.After getting into summer, adopt the mode of full exposure spray culture, high temperature period is noted the ventilation that keeps good in the booth, and spray 3-4 every day, 3-5 minute at every turn; 6-8 carried out one time 0.3% urea liquid foliage spray in every month between month.Reduce the supply of moisture after September, the high growth of control.Go into after the winter, container seedling can be in the natural lighting booth safe overwintering.The seedling height in 2 years of growth reaches 30-40cm in the booth, and blade has the 14-18 sheet.
The big specification seedling open country nurturing period of step 3.2: the cinnamomum japonicum seedling of lifes in 3 years gets into speed and gives birth to the phase, and early March will pass through 2 years livings container seedlings that the seedling booth phase of fostering cultivates, and to migrate to specification be that 30cm * 50cm is controlled in the root container, carries out the open country cultivation.Cultivation matrix adopts peat+flavine soil+rice husk, by 1: 2: 2 volume ratio mixed preparing, increases the usage amount of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in right amount, applies 1% element fertilizer during transplanting.April-May, leaf bud was sprouted, the lateral bud that the base portion of in time erasing is sprouted.5-6 is between the month, and per foliage spray of carrying out 1 time 0.3% concentration urea liquid in 20 days is watered and adopted the drip irrigation mode; The 7-8 month is reduced to per 30 days once with foliar application.Late August stops foliage spray, with container seedling Rotate 180 °, lets in the shade face receive the irradiation of more sunlight.Through after the cultivation of 4-5, cinnamomum japonicum container seedling trunk diameter on average more than 3cm, reaches the specification that afforestation and greening are used.
Step 4: commodity container seedling quality grading
The quality grading main reference index factor of cinnamomum japonicum commodity container seedling has: height of seedling, trunk diameter, clear bole height, form, tree crown roundness, root system development situation.Scoring is subdivided into according to index: afforestation I, II grade are used seedling with seedling and road, urban afforestation I, II grade.
Beneficial effect:
1. seedling raising process is strict to sport technique segments such as seed collection, storage, matrix sterilizations, reaches the production quarantine request of commercialization nursery stock; To the different phase characteristics of cultivation of container seedling, adopt technical schemes such as rational base manure, foliar application, moisture supply, pruning, improved the commodity rate of high-quality container seedling, reach efficient, purpose of energy saving.As, adopting husky Tibetan mode before the sowing, the cinnamomum japonicum thousand grain weigth of full seed is about 185g, and well-developed cinnamomum japonicum seed is after handle the husky Tibetan of natural normal temperature, and germination rate is more than 95%.
2. matrix configuration material is easy to get, and cost is low, and seedling growth adaptability is good, and growth is fast.Through the exploration that sowing media and cultivation matrix are carried out; On the basis of existing technology; Common compositions such as the vermiculite in the matrix, perlite are adopted the pond sludge replacement, and the emphasis that pond sludge belongs in the reparation of present water system lake ecological utilizes material, is inappropriate for planting vegetable, grain; But after matching with rice husk, peat, can produce excellent short long-acting fruit to cinnamomum japonicum; Because the main component of rice husk is the Si element, be not easy to rot when therefore cooperating, graininess is good with pond sludge, quality is than perlite and vermiculite weight, is difficult for floatingly, and water conservation is breathed freely preferably; Find that through comparison cinnamomum japonicum grow very fast on pond sludge matrix simultaneously, be planted in pond sludge and change 8 years of the ground, garden that bankets and coin 3-4 times of equal age of tree cinnamomum japonicum diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground rugosity that its diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground rugosity of woods seedling can reach substrate cultures such as common peat, garden mould.
3. to the growth characteristics of cinnamomum japonicum, the cinnamomum japonicum cultivation of container seedling is divided into 2 stages, promptly seedling fosters phase and big specification seedling open country nurturing period in the booth; The injury of effectively having avoided winter low temperature might cause to seedling; Improved seedling growth speed, shortened the nurturing period of engineering seedling: the 1st stage adopted the mode of facility cultivation, prolonged the seedling growth phase; Avoid outdoor cropping condition Xia Shui, the uneven adverse effect of temperature, prevent the winter low temperature cold damage of seedling growth of seedling.The cinnamomum japonicum seedling gets into speed and gives birth to the phase during the 2nd stage, and along with the growth of seedling age, the cold resistance of nursery stock significantly improves, and this stage is carried out the mode of open country control root container culturing, cultivates the high commodity container seedling of credit rating.As; After the 1st stage, the cinnamomum japonicum height of seedling Du Keda 30-40cm among the present invention, and the cinnamomum japonicum seedling that the open country field seeding that contrasts is with it grown seedlings is owing to receive the influence of moisture condition and winter low temperature; The high growth of nursery stock is irregular, and general height of seedling is merely 15-20cm.After the 2nd stage, cinnamomum japonicum seedling among the present invention is through the cultivation of 4-5, and trunk diameter is on average more than 3cm, and the seedling trunk diameter in same length of time of open country field production is merely 1.5-3cm and does not wait.
4. be foundation with technical indicators such as seedling age, form, physiology, confirm the container seedling credit rating of different purposes, reduced afforestation, greening application cost, improved effect
Cinnamomum japonicum afforestation is advisable with life in 3 years with seedling, and seedling transportation, the cost of planting are little, and the management maintenance cost is low, adopt 3 years livings container seedlings of high-quality cinnamomum japonicum in Jiangsu rather, press down the knob afforestation experiment, survival rate reaches more than 95%.Road and township afforestation should select 4-5 to give birth to seedling, and 3cm above high grade project container seedling in rice footpath need not to deeply prune after planting, and landscape effect is good, and the plantation survival rate is high.In Eight Diagrams continent, Nanjing road, river course greening side slope are used, show well, survival rate reaches more than 90%, and growth potential is vigorous, and then the blade aetiolation is serious for the fragrant camphor tree of the plantation same period, undergrowth.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
One. maternal plant is selected, and fruit is collected:
The big tree of cinnamomum japonicum of area plantation in Nanjing, solid have a tangible biennial bearing phenomenon, selects therefore that growth potential strongly, tree-like is rectified, no damage by disease and insect, the fine individual plant of the age of tree more than 20 years be the seed collecting elite stand.The cinnamomum japonicum florescence be April to May, October, fruit was ripe successively, was the best period of cinnamomum japonicum seed collection to mid-November by the end of October, very easily came off behind the cinnamomum japonicum fruit maturation or received bird pest, so when aubergine becomes atropurpureus, should in time gather when pericarp.Place 1-2 week as for the place, cool place behind the fruit harvesting, the nutrient that helps in the pulp transforms and seed afterripening.To pass through fruit after the placement and rub with the hands and remove pulp, rinse Hou Shazang, it is 1% liquor potassic permanganate to river sand or the Jiang Sha sterilization that carries out disinfection that Sha Zangqian adopts concentration, and it is 20%-30% that the humidity of sand is controlled at moisture content.
The cinnamomum japonicum thousand grain weigth of full seed is about 185g, and well-developed cinnamomum japonicum seed is after handle the husky Tibetan of natural normal temperature, and germination rate is more than 90%.
Two. seeding and seedling raising
With the rising of temperature, begin a spot of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally through the husky seed that subtracts next year by the end of February, and early March can carry out the sowing of cinnamomum japonicum in the daylight plastic tunnel.Sowing media shifts to an earlier date 10d and in booth, disposes, and matrix adopts peat+pond sludge+rice husk, by 1: 3: 1 volume ratio, adds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in right amount and stirs.Liquor potassic permanganate with 1% or press 10g/m
3Ratio in matrix, evenly puddle into the zineb medicament, carry out matrix and stack sterilization.
Adopt the cave dish sowing of 5cm * 10cm specification, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, the matrix cladding thickness is 1-1.5cm, carries out necessary suppression when matrix covers, and makes seed and matrix closely sturdy.Must in time adopt the mode of little spray to water in after planting 5 hours, prevent that the young shoot dehydration is impaired, adopt sowing to cover the cave dish behind the water of fully drenching with nonwoven.Permeable, the good permeability of nonwoven helps the stable of the interior humidity of cave dish, temperature.Look climate condition, weekly the spray once permeable, through 2-3 after week the cinnamomum japonicum seedling cotyledon begin to be unearthed, in time remove nonwoven.
Seed sprouted and accomplished basically mid-April, carried out necessary sprigging and after-culture according to the cave dish seed situation of sprouting, and to guarantee every cave 1 seedling, every day at the upper and lower noon is respectively carried out the spray of a short time, guarantees the humidity that booth is interior.May, temperature progressively began to raise, and should note keeping the ventilation in the booth on daytime, and June, the cinnamomum japonicum seedling grew 2 complete leaves basically; This moment, temperature was high; Illumination is strong, and selecting light transmittance is that 75% sunshade net carries out necessary shading, and booth must keep good ventilation state; The strong weather of illumination increases respectively increases the spray number of times morning and afternoon 1-2 time, reaches the purpose of cooling and raising air humidity.Respectively at the urea liquid foliar application of carrying out 2 times 0.3% concentration by the end of June with early August, August, seedling grew 4-5 sheet spire basically.
The pouring mode that changes leaf September for water weekly 1-2 time permeable, take the sunshade net simultaneously away, accept the refining seedling of full exposure, with the height growth of control seedling, improve seedling stem degree of lignification.
Temperature descends after going into the winter; The cinnamomum japonicum seedling stops growing basically, because the matrix amount is few in the dish of cave, runs into extreme low temperature weather in winter; Be prone to cause matrix to freeze and cause the infringement of seedling; In sun light green house, build little shed to guarantee cave dish seedling safe overwintering, strengthen the control of soil humidity in the dish of cave simultaneously, often owing to the little drought injury that causes the carelessness formation seedling in the water management of seedling water requirement in winter.
Three. cultivation of container seedling
1. foster the phase in the seedling booth
After the beginning of spring in the coming year; In late Febuary the sprigging in the dish of cave is planted in the bag to the plastics of 10cm * 10cm; Owing to have higher humidity, temperature in the booth, the seedling after the transplanting sprouts early, and generally the seedling than outdoor cropping grew 2 complete leaves in about 1 month in advance.Grafting matrix is appointed the preparation of right employing sowing media, suitably increases the input of fertilizer and mixes and execute a small amount of composite fertilizer.After getting into summer, adopt the mode of full exposure, spray culture, high temperature period is noted the ventilation that keeps good in the booth, and spray 3-4 every day, 3-5 minute at every turn.Every month month of 6-8 is carried out one time 0.3% urea foliage spray.The same supply that reduces moisture after September, the high growth of control.Go into after the winter, the container seedling of this specification can be in the natural lighting booth safe overwintering, and do not need other safeguard measure.
Through the growth in 2 years in booth, growth of seedling is consistent, highly reaches about 30-40cm, and blade has the 14-18 sheet approximately.
2. the big specification seedling open country nurturing period
This section seedling in period had 2 summit of growths in 1 year, was respectively the 5-6 month and the 9-10 month, and average annual high amount of growth is 50-80cm.Along with the growth of seedling age, the cinnamomum japonicum seedling significantly strengthens the winter low temperature resistance, this cold-resistant germplasm 3-5 give birth to seedling in the area, Nanjing open country survive the winter and do not have freeze injury basically.Early March will pass through 2 years livings container seedlings that the seedling booth phase of fostering cultivates, and to migrate to specification be in 30cm * 50cm control root container, carries out the open country cultivation.Cultivation matrix adopts peat+flavine soil+rice husk, by 1: 2: 2 volume ratio mixed preparing, increases the usage amount of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in right amount, applies 1% element fertilizer during transplanting.April-May, leaf bud was sprouted, the lateral bud that the base portion of in time erasing is sprouted, and the side shoot that growth forms competition to trunk should in time be wiped out or bounce back.This vegetative stage cinnamomum japonicum seedling branch sprouts that power is strong, and the collateral generation amount is big, and is untimely if bud picking and side shoot are removed, the time regular meeting the balanced competition branch of a plurality of growth potentials appears, thereby influence the growth of trunk, the credit rating of reduction commodity container seedling.5-6 month growth of seedling is rapid, has the high amount of growth of nearly 20-30cm, can carry out the foliage spray of 1 time 0.3% concentration urea liquid in per 20 days.The mode that the mode of watering adopts drip irrigation with practice thrift artificial with guarantee that moisture supplies with evenly fully, 7-8 month temperature is higher, reduces foliar application and be per 30 days once, burns to avoid the blade face, also helps the lignification of newborn branch in addition.Late August stops foliage spray, with container seedling Rotate 180 °, lets in the shade face receive the irradiation of more sunlight under the situation with good conditionsi, impels into the abundant lignification of branch before the winter, can avoid the tree crown deflection simultaneously.
Through the cultivation of 4-5, cinnamomum japonicum container seedling trunk diameter on average more than 3cm, can reach the specification that afforestation and greening are used, and outplanting is preceding according to purposes and the quality grading that requires to carry out the container nursery stock.
4. commodity container seedling quality grading
Quality grading main reference index factor has height of seedling, trunk diameter, clear bole height, form, tree crown roundness, root system development situation etc.
In conjunction with Comprehensive Control condition and graded index, the I that confirms to afforest, II grade are used seedling, and road, urban afforestation I, II grade are used seedling.
Claims (7)
1. the breeding method of a cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling comprises seed collection, seed storage, seeding and seedling raising, cultivation of container seedling step; It is characterized in that each step is specific as follows:
Step 1: seed collection and storage; Select that growth potential strongly, tree-like is rectified, no damage by disease and insect, the fine individual plant of the age of tree more than 20 years be the seed collecting elite stand, the 1st year in by the end of October to mid-November when pericarp picking fruit when aubergine becomes atropurpureus; Place 1-2 week as for cool place place behind the fruit harvesting, will pass through fruit after the placement and rub with the hands and remove pulp, rinse Hou Shazang; It is 1% liquor potassic permanganate to the river sand sterilization that carries out disinfection that Sha Zangqian adopts concentration, and it is 20%-30% that the humidity of sand is controlled at moisture content.
Step 2: seeding and seedling raising; In early March, the 2nd is sowed in the daylight plastic tunnel; Sowing media shifts to an earlier date 10d to be prepared in booth, and matrix adopts peat: pond sludge: the volume ratio preparation of rice husk=1: 3: 1 adds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in right amount and stirs; Spray or admix medicament and carry out matrix and stack sterilization;
Cave dish sowing, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, covering matrix is also suppressed; In time adopt the mode of little spray to water in after planting 5 hours, adopt sowing to cover the cave dish behind the water of fully drenching with nonwoven; Afterwards, spray is once permeable weekly, removes nonwoven when beginning to be unearthed through 2 all cinnamomum japonicum seedling cotyledons; Seed sprouted and accomplished basically mid-April, carried out sprigging and after-culture according to the cave dish seed situation of sprouting, and made every cave 1 seedling, and every day at the upper and lower noon is respectively carried out the spray of a short time, guarantees the humidity in the booth; Kept when May, temperature progressively raise ventilating in the booth on daytime; When June, the cinnamomum japonicum seedling grew 2 complete leaves, selecting light transmittance was that 75% sunshade net carries out necessary shading, and booth keeps good ventilation state, and the strong weather of illumination increases and respectively increases 1-2 morning and afternoon and spray number of times; Carry out 2 foliage spraies with early August by the end of June; August, seedling grew 4-5 sheet spire basically; September with the pouring mode of leaf change into water weekly 1-2 time permeable, take the sunshade net simultaneously away, accept the refining seedling of full exposure; After going into the winter, in the daylight plastic tunnel, build little shed, strengthen the control of soil humidity in the dish of cave simultaneously.
Step 3: cultivation of container seedling, said cultivation of container seedling specifically are divided into two stages;
Foster the phase in the step 3.1 seedling booth: the 3rd year in late Febuary with the sprigging in the cave dish in plastics plantation bag, the same sowing media of grafting matrix, and suitably increase fertilizer input, mixedly execute a small amount of composite fertilizer.After getting into summer, adopt the mode of full exposure spray culture, high temperature period is noted the ventilation that keeps good in the booth, and spray 3-4 every day, 3-5 minute at every turn; 6-8 is between month, carries out a foliage spray in every month; Reduce the supply of moisture after September, the high growth of control; After going into the winter, container seedling can be in the natural lighting booth safe overwintering; The seedling height in 2 years of growth reaches 30-40cm in the booth, and blade has the 14-18 sheet;
The big specification seedling open country nurturing period of step 3.2: the cinnamomum japonicum seedling of life in 3 years gets into speed and gives birth to the phase, and early March will pass through the seedling booth and foster 2 years living container seedlings of phase cultivation to migrate in the control root container, carry out open country and cultivate; Cultivation matrix adopts peat: flavine soil: the volume ratio mixed preparing of rice husk=1: 2: 2, and an amount of usage amount that increases the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, it is fertile to apply 1% element during transplanting; April-May, leaf bud was sprouted, the lateral bud that the base portion of in time erasing is sprouted; 5-6 carried out 1 foliage spray in per 20 days between the month, watered and adopted the drip irrigation mode; The 7-8 month is reduced to per 30 days once with foliar application; Late August stops foliage spray, with container seedling Rotate 180 °; Through cultivation in 4 years, cinnamomum japonicum container seedling trunk diameter on average reached more than the 3cm, went out the garden and was used for afforestation and greening application.
2. the breeding method of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise commodity container seedling quality grading step; The quality grading reference index of said container seedling is: height of seedling, trunk diameter, clear bole height, form, what root system development situation of tree crown roundness; Scoring is subdivided into according to index: afforestation I, II grade are used seedling with seedling and road, urban afforestation I, II grade.
3. the breeding method of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the liquor potassic permanganate of the spraying agent employing 1% in the step 2 sprays matrix; The medicament of admixing in the step 2 adopts zineb, and presses 10g/m
3Ratio in matrix, evenly sneak into.
4. the breeding method of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the dish specification of cave described in the step 2 is 5cm * 10cm.
5. the breeding method of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the matrix cladding thickness is 1-1.5cm during the dish sowing of cave described in the step 2.
6. the breeding method of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the urea liquid foliage fertilizer of 0.3% concentration is all adopted in the described foliage spray in step 2 and the step 3.
7. the breeding method of cinnamomum japonicum germplasm container seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described plantation bag of step 3 is the plastics plantation bag of 10cm * 10cm, and said control root containers size is 30cm * 50cm.
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| CN108651074A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-10-16 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Have a smile on one's face the container seedling culture method of germplasm in a kind of cold-resistant Taiwan |
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| CN108293557A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-07-20 | 陕西三木城市生态发展有限公司 | A kind of method of seedling-wood breeding extraneous root |
| CN111108991A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Tilia miqueliana container seedling raising method |
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