CN109392648A - A kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo - Google Patents
A kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo Download PDFInfo
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- CN109392648A CN109392648A CN201811562223.1A CN201811562223A CN109392648A CN 109392648 A CN109392648 A CN 109392648A CN 201811562223 A CN201811562223 A CN 201811562223A CN 109392648 A CN109392648 A CN 109392648A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation methods of deer horn cuckoo comprising following steps: (1) sowing；(2) seedling management；(3) it transplants；(4) management and (5) outplanting after planting.The germination percentage for the deer horn cuckoo seed cultivated using the method for the present invention is up to 100%, and transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is up to 80% or more.Simultaneously; the method of the present invention can once produce a large amount of deer horn cuckoo seedling; it can be used for large-scale production application; the implementation of the method for the present invention can play protective effect to deer horn cuckoo wild resource indirectly; also it efficiently solves deer horn cuckoo and introduces a fine variety the difficult technical problem of breeding, be that its application widelyd popularize in gardens lays the foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant seeding seedling-raising technique field more particularly to a kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation methods of deer horn cuckoo.
Background technique
Deer horn cuckoo (Rhododendron latoucheae) also known as rock cuckoo, Xisi, famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period are spent, and are Ericaceae azalea
Belong to evergreen shrubs or dungarunga, 3~April of florescence, flower pinkiness has faint scent, ornamental value is high to lavender.It not only may be used
As the main Jing Shu of courtyard greening, park green Special plant, entrance visual focus plant etc., miniature gardening, potted landscape etc. can also be made for people
It watches, be used for Botanical Garden landscape.The wild resource of deer horn cuckoo is distributed in the hillside border of 160m~2670m more, Duo Shuofen
It is distributed in SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA, minority is grown in ground massif mound.
Deer horn cuckoo is shallow root plant, likes nice and cool moist climate, to the more demanding of soil, heat resistance in growth course
Difference, the difficulty of introducing and planting breeding, seriously hinders its development and application in garden landscape.People answer deer horn cuckoo
With being mostly directly to transplant from mountain, it is not able to satisfy the protection of the market demand and wild resource.Currently, the reproduction technique of deer horn cuckoo
Research mainly in terms of cutting propagation and tissue culture propagation, and the rare report of the technology of seminal propagation and high-quality strong seedling cultivation.It plants
The advantages of object seminal propagation is that primary sowing can get a large amount of nursery stocks, seed collection, storage and convenient transportation, and seed is resistant to
Relatively rugged environment condition, and can maintain vigour the longer term, germination and growth again when being suitable for environmental condition, this is advantageous
In preservation and procreation of the plant species when environment aggravates.In addition the seedling growth of sowing is vigorous, resistance is strong, easily
Domestication.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned shortcoming and defect existing in the prior art, it is excellent to provide a kind of deer horn cuckoo
Matter strong seedling cultivation method.
To realize its purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo comprising following steps:
(1) it sows:
Sowing time is 2~March, when sowing, first spreads one layer of gas permeable material in the bottom of container for plant growth, is reloaded into matrix
Soil sprinkles profoundly water, and then sows deer horn cuckoo seed, and one layer of covering is covered after finishing, squirts surface；
(2) seedling management:
1. being after planting placed in container for plant growth, shading rate is 75%~80%, temperature is 25~28 DEG C, light application time is not low
It is cultivated under the environmental condition that 10h and humidity are 45%~65%；
2. after planting 9~19d, seed starts the germination that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when being more than 75% after coming up, removes part and covers
Object；After planting 35~60d, after 70% seedling grows the 4th true leaf, fully erased covering；Remove covering need to the dusk into
Row；It can be transplanted after seedling grows 4~5 mature leafs；
3. seedling stage sprays weekly 1 nitrogenous fertilizer blade face after using carbendazim solution sterilizing, climax leaves to grow 2~3 weekly
Fertile solution；
(3) it transplants:
Seedling grows 4~5 mature leafs, and plant height is not less than 2cm, and when hat width is not less than 2.5cm, selects cloudy weather
It is transplanted；Pay attention to protecting seedlings root, as far as possible balled transplanting when lifting, being completely cured for seedling is repaired with rotten before cultivation
It cuts；The bottom of transplanting container first spreads one layer of gas permeable material, is further filled with transplanting soil, and after transplanting, it is native to cover one layer of baked wheaten cakes, and with more bacterium
Clever solution irrigates processing；
(4) it is managed after planting:
1. water management: 3~4 months after transplanting, the humidity of nurturing an environment was maintained at 45%~65%, gradually mentioned later
High ambient humidity domestication presses nature until taming when seedling age 1.5a at least through 1~2 month 80%~85% humidity after 1.5a
Ambient humidity is cultivated；
2. illumination management: before seedling age 1.5a, the shading rate of nurturing an environment is maintained at 75%~80%, after nursery stock 1.5a, by
Step reduces shading rate, gradually removes shade within 1~2 month before outplanting；
3. fertilizing management: before seedling age 1.5a, spraying 1 nitrogenous fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution weekly；After seedling age 1.5a, increase phosphorus potash fertilizer
Foliar fertilizer solution sprays, and sprays weekly 1 time；Annual December~mid-February in next year stops fertilising；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
The prevention of pest and disease damage: every 7~10d sprays 1000 times of liquid of copper acetate wettable powder that 1 inferior quality concentration is 20%
Or 800~1000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass concentration is 50%；
Deer horn cuckoo common disease and pest has leaf blight, leaf roller, red spider etc.；
1000 times of every 7d of liquid of thiophanate methyl or Bravo that leaf blight usable concentration is 0.1%~0.2% are sprayed 1 time；
Leaf roller can be sprayed 1 time with 90% enemy 1000~1200 times of every 10d of liquid of gram worm or chlopyrifos；
Red spider can be sprayed once with 40% dicofol, 800~1200 times of every 10d of liquid, and continuous spraying 3~4 times；
5. daily management: going to cut weeds in time, weeding preferably carries out after cloudy day or rain, and when uprooting weed should prevent from injuring seedling root
System, sprinkles profoundly water in time after uprooting weed；Sterilizing processing periodically is carried out to seedling；Preferably, periodically with 0.1%~0.2% concentration
1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or Bravo carry out sterilizing processing to seedling；
(5) outplanting:
When seedling age 2.0a, differentiated control is carried out to nursery stock；The growth plant height of nursery stock is 30cm or more, and ground diameter is 1cm or more
When, can be out of the garden application.
Preferably, the pH value of the substrate soil is 5.5~6.5, is first carried out disinfection using preceding.
Preferably, the disinfection of the substrate soil are as follows: mass concentration is dense for 20% copper acetate wettable powder and quality
After degree is made into 1000~1500 times of liquid for 50% carbendazol wettable powder respectively, it is uniformly mixed by the volume ratio of 1:1, then
It carries out disinfection to the substrate soil.
Preferably, the substrate soil is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight: 2~4 parts of peat soil, 1~2 part of perlite, pine
1~4 part and 1~2 part of coco bran of needle soil.
Preferably, the transplanting soil is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight: 2~4 parts of peat soil, 1~2 part of perlite, pine
1~4 part of needle soil, 1~2 part of coco bran and 1~2 part of yellow soil.
Peat soil, it is weakly acidic, it is more containing organic matter, contain humic acid, water-retaining property is strong, it can be effectively improved soil texture,
Balanced soil nutrient, and keep ground moistening.Perlite is in neutrality, and light weight and drainage and water-retaining property are all relatively strong, can
Enhance the gas permeability of soil, to be conducive to plant root growth.Pine soil, quality is lighter, and there is good moisturizing and insect prevention to make
With, and the soil erosion can be effectively prevented, weeds propagation and widespread is reduced, provides nutrition for plant.Coco bran, it is weakly acidic, containing organic matter,
Water-retaining property is strong, and good permeability, matrix is light, can be effectively improved soil nutrient, is conducive to plant growth.Yellow soil, springy texture,
It ploughs well, and very fertile, is conducive to plant growth.
The present invention has found that the substrate soil of above-mentioned formula is fertile, loose by lot of experiments, is in subacidity, water conservation row
Aqueous energy is good, is especially advantageous for the sprouting of deer horn cuckoo seed and the growth of seedling, and germination percentage is up to 100%, is also to move in the later period of seedling
Cultivation lays the foundation, the survival rate after improving transplantation of seedlings.The transplanting soil of above-mentioned formula is same fertile, loose, is in subacidity, water conservation row
Aqueous energy is good, is able to satisfy needed for the nutrition of seedling growth, the high survival rate of seedling, grows rapidly after making transplantation of seedlings, and environmental suitability is strong,
Conducive to nurturing staff.
Preferably, the gas permeable material is at least one of vermiculite, perlite, and the thickness of the gas permeable material is 0.5
~1cm.
Preferably, the harvesting processing of the deer horn cuckoo seed are as follows: annual mid or late October to mid-November, deer horn cuckoo
Shell when becoming dark brown by yellowish-brown, select excellent maternal plant to carry out fruit picking in fair weather, fruit harvesting is placed on ventilation
Dry Indoor Natural dries in the shade, and strips out seed after shell cracking, and rejecting is damaged by worms seed and impurity elimination, make physical purity of seed reach 95% with
On, then obtained clean seed is placed under the conditions of drying at room temperature and is stored.Preferably, the storage of dry in the shade process and the seed of fruit
Hiding process is wrapped up using ventilated sulfuric acid paper bag.Deer horn cuckoo seed can be with adopting with broadcasting, can also be by seed storage to second
The sowing in 2~March in year.
It is more that the excellent maternal plant of the deer horn cuckoo should be robust growth, no disease and pests harm, plant plant shape grace and flower amount.
Preferably, the deer horn cuckoo seed prior to seeding, need to be handled as follows: impregnate 30min with clear water, removal is floated flat
Seed then takes out and dries in the shade, and is then handled with the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that concentration is 0.1%~0.2%.
Preferably, the thickness of sowing of the deer horn cuckoo seed is 1.5~2g/m2, sowed using method for sowing.
Preferably, the covering is pine soil, and cladding thickness is no more than 0.3cm.
Preferably, the concentration of carbendazim solution used in breeding method of the present invention is 0.1%, nitrogenous fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution
Concentration is 0.1%.
Preferably, in the fertilizing management of step (4), after seedling age 1.5a, the concentration of the phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution sprayed is
0.12%~0.2%；After seedling age 2.5a, the concentration of the phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution sprayed is 0.2%~0.3%.
Preferably, the interior diameter size of the transplanting container is preferably 1.5~3 times of deer horn cuckoo seedling hat width.Preferably,
The transplanting container is transplanting basin or Seedling bag.It, should be timely when the hat width of deer horn cuckoo plant is more than transplanting basin or Seedling bag
Replace bigger basin or bag.
Preferably, the container for plant growth is hole tray.
Preferably, deer horn cuckoo seedling is cultivated in cool canopy before being out of the garden.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention tames deer horn cuckoo seedling using gradient method
To the adaptability of ambient humidity and illumination etc., deer horn cuckoo nursery stock is effectively increased to the tolerance of environment.Using present invention side
The germination percentage for the deer horn cuckoo seed that method is cultivated is up to 100%, and transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is up to 80% or more.Meanwhile side of the present invention
Method can once produce a large amount of deer horn cuckoo seedling, can be used for large-scale production application, the implementation of the method for the present invention can be indirectly right
Deer horn cuckoo wild resource plays protective effect, also efficiently solves deer horn cuckoo and introduces a fine variety the difficult technical problem of breeding, is
Its wideling popularize in gardens, which is applied, to lay the foundation.
Specific embodiment
To better illustrate the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention passes through the following example furtherly
It is bright.It should be understood that the embodiment of the present invention is merely to illustrate technical effect of the invention, protection model and is not intended to limit the present invention
It encloses.In embodiment, method therefor is conventional method unless otherwise instructed.
Embodiment 1
The harvesting of deer horn cuckoo seed is handled: sowing the early November of the previous year, the shell of deer horn cuckoo is by yellowish-brown discoloration
When at dark brown, selects robust growth, no disease and pests harm, plant plant shape graceful in fair weather and the deer horn cuckoo for spending amount more is excellent
Good mother's strain, harvests the fruit of dark brown, is packaged with ventilated sulfuric acid paper bag, and the Indoor Natural for being placed in aeration-drying dries in the shade, fruit
Seed is stripped out after shell cracking, and when stripping rejects the seed for having phenomenon of damaging by worms, and the seed being collected into is removed impurity, empty flat particle
It is handled etc. net kind, physical purity of seed is made to reach 95% or more, by obtained clean Seed storage in ventilative sulfuric acid paper bag, placed
It is stored under the conditions of being placed in drying at room temperature in closed wide-mouth reagent bottle, and marks seed collection place, collect seed time and harvesting
The essential informations such as time.Storage period should inspect periodically seed quality to before sowing, and the influences kind such as prevent mildew, damage by worms
Son sowing germination.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 provides a kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo comprising following steps:
(1) seed collection and processing: early Febuary, the seed that embodiment early period 1 is harvested clear water impregnate 30min, removal
Flat seed is floated, taking-up is divided into 1.5g/ parts, dries in the shade naturally, for use.
(2) sowing media prepares: cleaning sowing hole tray is simultaneously dried, and peat soil, perlite, pine soil and coco bran are pressed 2:1:
The weight ratio of 1:1 is uniformly mixed, and obtains substrate soil.The perlite of one layer of 0.5~1cm thickness is first spread in hole tray, then spread 2.5~
The substrate soil of 3.5cm thickness, sprinkles profoundly water, and is matched respectively with the copper acetate wettable powder that mass concentration is 20% with powder of carbendazim
After 1000~1500 times of liquid, it is uniformly mixed by the volume ratio of 1:1, then sterilizes substrate soil, finally adjust the pH value of substrate soil
To 6.5.
(3) it sows: the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that the seed concentration of step (1) is 0.1% being handled, using the side of broadcasting sowing
Method sowing, thickness of sowing are maintained at 1.5g/m2, the pine soil of one layer of 0.15cm thickness is covered after finishing, it is then spraying using watering can
Stromal surface is squirted, comes into full contact with seed with matrix soil.
(4) it after planting manages:
1. seedling management: after planting hole tray being placed in the cool canopy that shading rate is 75% and is cultivated, with timing spray system control
System sprinkling irrigation keeps the temperature of nurturing an environment at 25~28 DEG C, and light application time is not less than 10h, and humidity is maintained at 45%~50%.It broadcasts
9d after kind, seed start the germination that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when being more than 75% after coming up, remove the pine soil covering on part surface layer；It broadcasts
35~60d after kind, after 70% seedling grows the 4th true leaf, fully erased pine soil covering；Remove covering need to the dusk into
Row.Seedling stage uses weekly the carbendazim solution antivirus sterilization that concentration is 0.1%, and climax leaves start to spray 1 weekly after growing 2~3
The nitrogenous fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution that secondary concentration is 0.1%.
2. transplanting: seedling grows 4~5 mature leafs, and plant height is not less than 2cm, and when hat width is not less than 2.5cm, selection
Cloudy weather is transplanted.Peat soil, perlite, pine soil, coco bran, yellow soil are mixed by the weight ratio of 2:1:1:1:1
It is even, obtain transplanting soil.In the vermiculite of one layer of 0.5~1cm thickness of beneath pad of transplanting basin, to increase the gas permeability of soil, then paving is moved
Plant soil.From hole tray when lifting, it should be noted that protection seedlings root, as far as possible balled transplanting, be completely cured before cultivation to it, rotten repair
It cuts.After transplanting, one layer thin baked wheaten cake soil is spread on surface layer, and irrigate processing with the carbendazim solution that concentration is 0.1%, to enhance nursery stock
Diseases and insect pests resistance.
2. managing after transplanting: first 3 months after transplanting, the nurturing an environment humidity in the cool canopy of shading rate 75% was maintained at
45%~50%, gradually increase ambient humidity domestication later, until when seedling age 1.5a, at least through 1~2 month 80%~85%
Humidity is tamed, and is cultivated after 1.5a by natural environment humidity.Before seedling age 1.5a, the nitrogenous fertilizer Foliar Spraying for being 0.1% with concentration, often
Week 1 time；After seedling age 1.5a, increase phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer is sprayed, spraying concentration 0.15%, 1 times a week；Seedling age 2.5a with
Afterwards, the concentration of phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer is adjusted to 0.25%.Annual December~mid-February in next year should stop applying fertilizer.Outplanting
First 1 month, gradually remove shading net.
3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Pest and disease damage prevention: every 7~10d spray 1 inferior quality concentration be 20% 1000 times of liquid of copper acetate wettable powder or
800~1000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass concentration is 50%.
4. daily management: it goes to cut weeds in time, weeding carries out after cloudy day or rain, and when uprooting weed prevents from injuring seedlings root,
It is sprinkled profoundly water in time after uprooting weed；Periodically seedling is carried out with 1000 times of liquid of the thiophanate methyl of 0.1%~0.2% concentration or Bravo
Sterilizing processing.
Deer horn cuckoo common disease and pest has leaf blight, leaf roller and red spider, control method are as follows: leaf blight can use methyl support
1000 times of every 7d of liquid of cloth saliva or 0.1%~0.2% concentration of Bravo are sprayed 1 time.Leaf roller can use 90% enemy gram worm or chlopyrifos
1000~1200 times of every 10d of liquid are sprayed 1 time.Red spider can spray one with 40% dicofol, 800~1200 times of every 10d of liquid
It is secondary, continuous spraying 3~4 times.
(5) outplanting: when seedling age 2.0a, according to the plant height of nursery stock, ground diameter rugosity, pest and disease damage situation, Yi Jisheng
Long situation etc. carries out seedling sorting, and differentiated control, grade scale are as shown in table 1.It is needed before outplanting by " forest plants quarantine
Technical regulation " pest and disease damage quarantine is carried out, it can be out of the garden after quarantine is qualified.Deer horn cuckoo grows plant height in 30cm or more, ground diameter 1cm
Can be out of the garden application when above.
Through counting, the germination percentage of the deer horn cuckoo seed of the present embodiment is 100%, surviving after deer horn cuckoo nursery stock transplanting
Rate is 90%, and after being out of the garden, deer horn cuckoo seedling reveals preferable tolerance to environment table.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 provides a kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo comprising following steps:
(1) seed collection and processing: early March, the seed that embodiment early period 1 is harvested clear water impregnate 30min, removal
Flat seed is floated, taking-up is divided into 2g/ parts, dries in the shade naturally, for use.
(2) sowing media prepares: cleaning sowing hole tray is simultaneously dried, and peat soil, perlite, pine soil and coco bran are pressed 2:1:
The weight ratio of 2:1 is uniformly mixed, and obtains substrate soil.The perlite of one layer of 0.5~1cm thickness is first spread in hole tray, then spread 2.5~
The substrate soil of 3.5cm thickness, sprinkles profoundly water, and is matched respectively with the copper acetate wettable powder that mass concentration is 20% with powder of carbendazim
After 1000~1500 times of liquid, it is uniformly mixed by the volume ratio of 1:1, then sterilizes substrate soil, finally adjust the pH value of substrate soil
To 5.5.
(3) it sows: the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate that the seed concentration of step (1) is 0.2% being handled, using the side of broadcasting sowing
Method sowing, thickness of sowing are maintained at 2g/m2, the pine soil of one layer of 0.2cm thickness is covered after finishing, and is then squirted by spraying using watering can
Stromal surface comes into full contact with seed with matrix soil.
(4) it after planting manages:
1. seedling management: after planting hole tray being placed in the cool canopy that shading rate is 80% and is cultivated, with timing spray system control
System sprinkling irrigation keeps the temperature of nurturing an environment at 25~28 DEG C, and light application time is not less than 10h, and humidity is maintained at 50%~65%.It broadcasts
9d after kind, seed start the germination that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when being more than 75% after coming up, remove the pine soil covering on part surface layer；It broadcasts
35~60d after kind, after 70% seedling grows the 4th true leaf, fully erased pine soil covering；Remove covering need to the dusk into
Row.Seedling stage uses weekly the carbendazim solution antivirus sterilization that concentration is 0.1%, and climax leaves start to spray 1 weekly after growing 2~3
The nitrogenous fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution that secondary concentration is 0.1%.
2. transplanting: seedling grows 4~5 mature leafs, and plant height is not less than 2cm, and when hat width is not less than 2.5cm, selection
Cloudy weather is transplanted.Peat soil, perlite, pine soil, coco bran, yellow soil are mixed by the weight ratio of 2:1:2:1:1
It is even, obtain transplanting soil.In the vermiculite of one layer of 0.5~1cm thickness of beneath pad of transplanting basin, to increase the gas permeability of soil, then paving is moved
Plant soil.From hole tray when lifting, it should be noted that protection seedlings root, as far as possible balled transplanting, be completely cured before cultivation to it, rotten repair
It cuts.After transplanting, one layer thin baked wheaten cake soil is spread on surface layer, and irrigate processing with the carbendazim solution that concentration is 0.1%, to enhance nursery stock
Diseases and insect pests resistance.
2. managing after transplanting: first 4 months after transplanting, the nurturing an environment humidity in the cool canopy of shading rate 80% was maintained at
50%~65%, gradually increase ambient humidity domestication later, until when seedling age 1.5a, at least through 1~2 month 80%~85%
Humidity is tamed, and is cultivated after 1.5a by natural environment humidity.Before seedling age 1.5a, the nitrogenous fertilizer Foliar Spraying for being 0.1% with concentration, often
Week 1 time；After seedling age 1.5a, increase phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer is sprayed, spraying concentration 0.2%, 1 times a week；After seedling age 2.5a,
The concentration of phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer is adjusted to 0.3%.Annual December~mid-February in next year should stop applying fertilizer.1 before outplanting
Month, gradually remove shading net.
3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Pest and disease damage prevention: every 7~10d spray 1 inferior quality concentration be 20% 1000 times of liquid of copper acetate wettable powder or
800~1000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass concentration is 50%.
4. daily management: it goes to cut weeds in time, weeding carries out after cloudy day or rain, and when uprooting weed prevents from injuring seedlings root,
It is sprinkled profoundly water in time after uprooting weed；Periodically seedling is carried out with 1000 times of liquid of the thiophanate methyl of 0.1%~0.2% concentration or Bravo
Sterilizing processing.
Deer horn cuckoo common disease and pest has leaf blight, leaf roller and red spider, control method are as follows: leaf blight can use methyl support
1000 times of every 7d of liquid of cloth saliva or 0.1%~0.2% concentration of Bravo are sprayed 1 time.Leaf roller can use 90% enemy gram worm or chlopyrifos
1000~1200 times of every 10d of liquid are sprayed 1 time.Red spider can spray one with 40% dicofol, 800~1200 times of every 10d of liquid
It is secondary, continuous spraying 3~4 times.
(5) outplanting: when seedling age 2.0a, according to the plant height of nursery stock, ground diameter rugosity, pest and disease damage situation, Yi Jisheng
Long situation etc. carries out seedling sorting, and differentiated control, grade scale are as shown in table 1.It is needed before outplanting by " forest plants quarantine
Technical regulation " pest and disease damage quarantine is carried out, it can be out of the garden after quarantine is qualified.Deer horn cuckoo grows plant height in 30cm or more, ground diameter 1cm
Can be out of the garden application when above.
Through counting, the germination percentage of the deer horn cuckoo seed of the present embodiment is 100%, surviving after deer horn cuckoo nursery stock transplanting
Rate is 87%, and after being out of the garden, deer horn cuckoo seedling reveals preferable tolerance to environment table.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo, and the difference with embodiment 2 is only that: comparison
Substrate soil used in example 1 is mixed by peat soil, perlite, pine soil and coco bran by the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1.Comparative example 1
Transplanting soil used is mixed by peat soil, perlite, pine soil, coco bran and yellow soil by the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1.
Through counting, the germination percentage of the deer horn cuckoo seed of comparative example 1 is 93%, the survival rate after deer horn cuckoo nursery stock transplanting
It is 85%.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo, and the difference with embodiment 2 is only that: comparison
Substrate soil used in example 2 is mixed by peat soil, perlite, pine soil and coco bran by the weight ratio of 3:1:1:1.Comparative example 2
Transplanting soil used is mixed by peat soil, perlite, pine soil, coco bran and yellow soil by the weight ratio of 3:1:1:1:1.
Through counting, the germination percentage of the deer horn cuckoo seed of comparative example 2 is 95%, the survival rate after deer horn cuckoo nursery stock transplanting
It is 87%.
The survival rate of seedling shows substrate soil and transplants matching for soil after the percentage of seedgermination and transplanting of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
Side produces bigger effect deer horn cuckoo strong sprout.
1 seedling grading standard of table
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than protects to the present invention
The limitation of range is protected, although the invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should
Understand, it can be with modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention are made, without departing from the essence of technical solution of the present invention
And range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo, which comprises the steps of:
(1) it sows:
Sowing time is 2~March, when sowing, first spreads one layer of gas permeable material in the bottom of container for plant growth, is reloaded into substrate soil, pours
It is permeable, deer horn cuckoo seed is then sowed, one layer of covering is covered after finishing, squirts surface；
(2) seedling management:
1. being after planting placed in container for plant growth, shading rate is 75%~80%, temperature is 25~28 DEG C, light application time is not less than 10h
And humidity be 45%~65% environmental condition under cultivate；
2. after planting 9~19d, seed starts the germination that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when being more than 75% after coming up, removes part covering；It broadcasts
35~60d after kind, after 70% seedling grows the 4th true leaf, fully erased covering；Removing covering need to carry out in the dusk；To
Seedling can be transplanted after growing 4~5 mature leafs；
After 3. seedling stage uses weekly carbendazim solution sterilizing, climax leaves to grow 2~3, to spray 1 nitrogenous fertilizer foliar fertilizer weekly molten
Liquid；
(3) it transplants:
Seedling grows 4~5 mature leafs, and plant height is not less than 2cm, and when hat width is not less than 2.5cm, cloudy weather is selected to carry out
Transplanting；The bottom of transplanting container first spreads one layer of gas permeable material, is further filled with transplanting soil, and after transplanting, it is native to cover one layer of baked wheaten cakes, and with more
Bacterium spirit solution irrigates processing；
(4) it is managed after planting:
1. water management: 3~4 months after transplanting, the humidity of nurturing an environment was maintained at 45%~65%, stepped up ring later
Humidity domestication in border presses natural environment until taming when seedling age 1.5a at least through 1~2 month 80%~85% humidity after 1.5a
Humidity is cultivated；
2. illumination management: before seedling age 1.5a, the shading rate of nurturing an environment is maintained at 75%~80%, after nursery stock 1.5a, gradually drops
Low shading rate gradually removes shade in 1~2 month before outplanting；
3. fertilizing management: before seedling age 1.5a, spraying 1 nitrogenous fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution weekly；After seedling age 1.5a, increase phosphorus potash fertilizer blade face
Fertile solution sprays, and sprays weekly 1 time；Annual December~mid-February in next year stops fertilising；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
The prevention of pest and disease damage: every 7~10d sprays 1000 times of liquid of copper acetate wettable powder or the matter that 1 inferior quality concentration is 20%
Measure 800~1000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that concentration is 50%；
Leaf blight is sprayed 1 time with 1000 times of every 7d of liquid of thiophanate methyl or Bravo that concentration is 0.1%~0.2%；
Leaf roller is sprayed 1 time with 90% enemy 1000~1200 times of every 10d of liquid of gram worm or chlopyrifos；
Red spider is sprayed once with 40% dicofol, 800~1200 times of every 10d of liquid, and continuous spraying 3~4 times；
5. daily management: going to cut weeds in time, weeding carries out after cloudy day or rain, and when uprooting weed prevents from injuring seedlings root, uprooting weed
It sprinkles profoundly water in time afterwards；Sterilizing processing periodically is carried out to seedling；
(5) outplanting:
When seedling age 2.0a, differentiated control is carried out to nursery stock；The growth plant height of nursery stock is that 30cm or more can when ground diameter is 1cm or more
Be out of the garden application.
2. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pH value of the substrate soil is
5.5~6.5, it first carries out disinfection using preceding；
Preferably, the disinfection of the substrate soil are as follows: by mass concentration be 20% copper acetate wettable powder and mass concentration be
After 50% carbendazol wettable powder is made into 1000~1500 times of liquid respectively, it is uniformly mixed by the volume ratio of 1:1, then to institute
Substrate soil is stated to carry out disinfection.
3. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the substrate soil by weighing as follows
The group of amount part is grouped as: 2~4 parts of peat soil, 1~2 part of perlite, 1~4 part of pine soil and 1~2 part of coco bran.
4. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the transplanting soil by weighing as follows
The group of amount part is grouped as: 2~4 parts of peat soil, 1~2 part of perlite, 1~4 part of pine soil, 1~2 part of coco bran and yellow soil 1~2
Part.
5. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the gas permeable material is leech
At least one of stone, perlite, the thickness of the gas permeable material are 0.5~1cm.
6. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the deer horn cuckoo seed
Harvesting processing are as follows: annual mid or late October to mid-November, when the shell of deer horn cuckoo becomes dark brown by yellowish-brown, sunny
Weather selects excellent maternal plant to carry out fruit picking, and the Indoor Natural that fruit harvesting is placed on aeration-drying dries in the shade, and strips out after shell cracking
Seed rejects damage by worms seed and impurity elimination, so that physical purity of seed is reached 95% or more, obtained clean seed is then placed in room temperature and is done
It is stored under the conditions of dry.
7. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the deer horn cuckoo seed exists
It before sowing, need to be handled as follows: impregnate 30min with clear water, removal floats flat seed, then takes out and dry in the shade, be then with concentration
0.1%~0.2% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate processing；The thickness of sowing of the deer horn cuckoo seed is 1.5~2g/m2, adopt
It is sowed with method for sowing.
8. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the covering is pine needle
Soil, cladding thickness are no more than 0.3cm.
9. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the carbendazim solution it is dense
Degree is 0.1%；The concentration of the nitrogenous fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution is 0.1%；The phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution sprayed after seedling age 1.5a
Concentration is 0.12%~0.2%；The concentration of the phosphorus potash fertilizer foliar fertilizer solution sprayed after seedling age 2.5a is 0.2%~0.3%.
10. the high-quality strong seedling cultivation method of deer horn cuckoo as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the transplanting container it is interior
Diameter is 1.5~3 times of deer horn cuckoo seedling hat width.
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