CN101637092B - Method for culturing large eucalyptus seedlings - Google Patents
Method for culturing large eucalyptus seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN101637092B CN101637092B CN2009100948978A CN200910094897A CN101637092B CN 101637092 B CN101637092 B CN 101637092B CN 2009100948978 A CN2009100948978 A CN 2009100948978A CN 200910094897 A CN200910094897 A CN 200910094897A CN 101637092 B CN101637092 B CN 101637092B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing large eucalyptus seedlings. The method comprises the following technical steps: 1. selection of seedling field; 2. preparation of a plug seedling bed; 3. preparation and sterilization of matrix soil; 4. selection and treatment of ear rods and tissue culture seedlings; 5. cutting and plug transplantation of the tissue culture seedlings, wherein, the cutting seedlings are vertically inserted in the midpoint of holes at depth of 1.5-2cm; and the tissue culture seedlings are directly transplanted to the prepared plug seedling bed; 6. water and fertilizer management; 7. transplantation in vessels: the seedlings are cultured in the plugs for about 50-70 days, and terminal buds are newly extracted to 2-3cm; when the root systems of most of nursery stocks are lumped, the seedlings in the plugs are transplanted to a black polyethylene plastic nursery cup with 8*8 (cm) for culturing the large seedlings; and 8. culture of the large seedlings: the transplanted young seedlings are placed in a shading arched cover for culture, and a shading net is gradually opened for hardening the seedlings at the later period; water and fertilizer management is strengthened; and then the seedlings are removed out of a seedling nursery and planted in a mountain for afforestation in the case of seedling height up to 35-50cm and ground stems up to more than 0.25cm, fertilization is stopped 10 days before afforestation, and the nursery stocks are applied with transferring fertilizer by 0.3% of complex fertilizer once 1-2 days before outplanting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the asexual quick breeding and seedling technical field of plant, be specifically related to the method for container transplanting breeding seedlings behind cuttage of a kind of eucalyptus cave dish and the tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation.
Background technology
Eucalyptus is one of world-renowned three big quick growing species of treess, is good raw material such as papermaking, wood-based plate, three-ply board and desirable raw material of industry seeds.Generally with nutritious bag seedling and the dibbling Guan Miao plantation of directly afforesting annual June to July, this planting patterns is less because of nursery stock for eucalyptus plantation, and degree of lignification is not high, and is poor to the resistivity of adverse circumstances, is subject to insect pest and endangers; Afforestation particularly, its survival rate, storage rate are extremely low.To pest-resistant, the resistance that improve the eucalyptus seedling, people have carried out many-sided research work, but all do not obtain good result.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to seedling to above-mentioned existing eucalyptus seedling growing process cultivation; Can't effectively resist the shortcoming of disease, worm, crop smothering, analyze and research, a kind of seed cultivation method that can effectively improve survival rate is provided from biological physiology angle and biophysics angle; Utilize cave dish cuttage seeding (tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation); Carry out the method for container transplanting breeding seedlings, thereby improved survival rate, storage rate greatly, reduce cost of forestation significantly.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is following: the method for cultivating large eucalyptus seedlings comprises that cuttage is coiled in the cave, the tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation is transplanted to the bigger container of volume after cultivating and taking root, and it is characterized in that comprising following concrete steps:
(1), the selection on the ground of growing seedlings: select that physical features is smooth, draining is good, irrigate ground, gentle slope easily, the Ex-all weeds, clear assorted back is with the formalin sterilization, and admixes the harm of the red control of an amount of furans ant, bed is made in leveling;
(2), dish seedbed in cave prepares: build the bamboo shelf of overhead high about 15cm, wide 1.1m, long 8-12m with bamboo chip, the seedling-cultivating tray of having put dark 4-5cm 105 types in cave fill matrix soil carry out simultaneously shade draught exclusion device also with the potassium permanganate of 1-2 ‰ to the native disinfection of matrix;
(3), the preparation and the sterilization of matrix soil:
(4), the selection of fringe bar and tissue cultivating seedling and processing: the fringe bar is selected the branch of robust growth, long 8-13cm, semi-lignified; Cut off base portion 1/3-1/2 blade; Soak sterilization in 15-20 minute with 800-1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder earlier, immerse in the clear water again; Insert fringe before the cuttage and need use HORMONE TREATMENT, tissue cultivating seedling is selected height of seedling 5cm-7cm, and the long 2cm-5cm of root system about one week, cleans medium through the refining seedling;
(5), cuttage and tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation: insert fringe cuttage degree of depth 1.5-2cm, uprightly insert in the cave centre; Coil on the seedbed in off-the-shelf cave in tissue cultivating seedling directly transplanting to the step (2);
(6), water and fertilizer management;
(7), container transplants: the cave dish was cultivated about 50-70 days, and terminal bud is newly taken out 2-3cm, when the root system of most nursery stocks is agglomerating, seedling is coiled in the cave be transplanted in 8 * 8 (cm) black polyethylene plastic seeding culturing cup and carry out big seedling cultivation;
(8), the cultivation of seedlings: be placed in behind the seedling replanting in the shed that shades and cultivate, the later stage is progressively opened shading screen refining seedling; Strengthen water and fertilizer management; Height of seedling reaches 35-50cm, and the ground stem reaches 0.25cm and goes out the garden afforestation of going up a hill when above, and afforesting stopped fertilising in preceding 10 days, imposes once to send with 0.3% composite fertilizer in 1-2 days before the outplanting and transfers fertilizer.
The preparation and the sterilization of the matrix soil of said step (3) are: matrix soil is prepared the thiophanate methyl wetting powder 30g/m with 70% by yellow soil 40%+ forest humus soil 30%+ fire dirt 30%
3, or with 25% carbendazol wettable powder 30g/m
3, evenly admixing, the potassium permanganate (Kmno of back with 1-2 ‰ stirs
4) water pouring matrix.
HORMONE TREATMENT in the said step (4) is: use hormone kind and concentration to be: ABT1 number and No. 2 root-inducing powder 500ppm; Indolebutyric acid (IBA) 800ppm; And with 95% alcohol dissolving hormone pulvis and be diluted with water to desired concn, fringe bar base portion is invaded in the hormone liquid soaked 3 minutes.
The water and fertilizer management of said step (6) is: (a), cuttage seeding management; (b) group training transplanted seedling management.
Described cuttage seeding management is: water and preserve moisture: before cutting was not taken root, humidity remained on 75-85% in the canopy, was advisable so that the globule to be arranged on the blade, fine water spray 3-4 time/day; Insulation: keep 20-30 ℃ of temperature of shed; The fertilising: can begin after the cuttage to topdress, process solution with 1 ‰ highly purified potassium dihydrogen phosphates and carry out foliage-spray, frequency be 4-7 days/inferior; Or whenever processed solution at a distance from 7 days with the composite fertilizer of 0.3-1% and spray, height of seedling stops when reaching the 15cm left and right sides with fertilizer; Sterilizing: after the cuttage every at a distance from 7 days with 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture, or 800-1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder is sprayed; Refining seedling: open plastic film after the cuttage 4-8 week gradually and refine seedling;
The management of described group of training transplanted seedling is: water and preserve moisture: tissue cultivating seedling does not restore normal growth, and humidity must remain on 75-85% in the canopy, avoids adopting the mode of directly watering in the water supply process, needs to supply water with spray pattern, is advisable so that dewdrop to be arranged on the blade; Insulation: carry out freeze prevention measure night in winter, guarantee that seedling does not receive cold damage; Fertilising: transplant seedling and restore normal growth for 2 to 3 weeks, can carry out foliage-spray by every potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.5-0.8 ‰ concentration; Sterilizing: tissue cultivating seedling is transplanted and was sprayed once at dusk about 1000 times of liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder in back second day, left and right sides Shi Yici week about, and the later stage looks the health condition of nursery stock and decides.
Technical characterstic of the present invention is: cave dish cuttage, tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation are transplanted to the bigger container of volume after cultivating and taking root, and cultivate big stalk stem, highly individual higher seedlings.Technology is in the dish of cave, to induce earlier growth between eucalyptus shoot root system and the matrix to form complete netted root system group, transplants then to container and cultivates healthy and strong seedlings, has improved disease-resistant worm, the anti-adversity of nursery stock.
The present invention adopts the method for the cuttage of cave dish and tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation, container transplanting breeding seedlings, has improved the anti-adversity of nursery stock to disease, worm, crop smothering greatly, has guaranteed the survival rate after the Eucalyptus Forestation, storage rate.And it is should technology simple to operate, with low cost.
Technological invention effect of the present invention is: general traditional seedling-cultivating method must carry out repeatedly after-culture because anti-adversity is relatively lower, to making increasing substantially of cost of forestation; Use the method for cave dish cuttage, tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation, cave dish seedling container transplanting breeding seedlings afforestation, its survival rate is higher, and the season of growing seedlings is unrestricted.The seedlings of cultivating are suitable for afforestation, need not to refine the mountain, avoid causing ecology influence.The seedlings of cultivating plant back convalescences is short, and growth is fast.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an incubation step sketch map of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further specify flesh and blood of the present invention with instance below, but content of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1 cave dish cuttage and seedling culture is implemented according to the following steps:
1, grow seedlings ground selection
Select that physical features is smooth, draining is good, irrigate ground, gentle slope easily, Ex-all weeds.Sterilizing with formalin in clear assorted back, and admixes the harm of the red control of an amount of furans ant, and bed is made in leveling.
2, prepare in dish seedbed in cave
Build the bamboo shelf of overhead high about 15cm, wide 1.1m, long 8-12m with bamboo chip, the seedling-cultivating tray of having put dark 4-5cm 105 types in cave fill matrix soil carry out simultaneously shade draught exclusion device and with the potassium permanganate of 1-2 ‰ to the native disinfection of matrix.
3, the preparation and the sterilization of matrix soil
Matrix soil is prepared the thiophanate methyl wetting powder 30g/m with 70% by yellow soil 40%+ forest humus soil 30%+ fire dirt 30%
3, or with 25% carbendazol wettable powder 30g/m
3, evenly admix.Potassium permanganate (the Kmno of back with 1-2% stirs
4) water pouring matrix.
4, the selection of fringe bar and processing
The fringe bar is selected the branch of robust growth, long 8-13cm, semi-lignified, cuts off base portion 1/3-1/2 blade, soaks sterilization in 15-20 minute with 800-1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder earlier, immerses in the clear water again; Insert fringe before the cuttage and need use HORMONE TREATMENT.Hormone kind and concentration are: ABT1 number and No. 2 root-inducing powder 500ppm, indolebutyric acid (IBA) 800ppm.(dissolve the hormone pulvis and be diluted with water to desired concn with 95% alcohol earlier, fringe bar base portion is invaded in the hormone liquid soaked 3 minutes.)
5, cuttage
Insert fringe cuttage degree of depth 1.5-2cm, uprightly insert in the cave centre.
6, cuttage seeding water and fertilizer management
(1) water and preserve moisture: transplant a cutting do not take root before, humidity remains on 75-85% in the canopy, is advisable so that the globule to be arranged on the blade, 3-4 time/sky of fine water spray;
(2) insulation: keep 20-30 ℃ of temperature of shed;
(3) fertilising: can begin after the cuttage to topdress, process solution with 1 ‰ highly purified potassium dihydrogen phosphates and carry out foliage-spray, frequency be 4-7 days/inferior; Or whenever processed solution at a distance from 7 days with the composite fertilizer of 0.3-1% and spray, height of seedling stops when reaching the 15cm left and right sides with fertilizer;
(4) sterilizing: after the cuttage every at a distance from 7 days with 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture, or 800-1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder is sprayed;
(5) refining seedling: open plastic film after the cuttage 4-8 week gradually and refine seedling.
7, container is transplanted
Cave dish was cultivated about 50-70 days, and terminal bud is newly taken out 2-3cm, when the root system of most nursery stocks is agglomerating, seedling is coiled in the cave be transplanted in 8 * 8 (cm) black polyethylene plastic seeding culturing cup and carry out big seedling cultivation.
8, the cultivation of seedlings
Be placed in behind the seedling replanting in the shed that shades and cultivate, the later stage is progressively opened shading screen refining seedling; Strengthen water and fertilizer management; Height of seedling reaches 35-50cm, and the ground stem reaches 0.25cm and goes out the garden afforestation of going up a hill when above, and afforesting stopped fertilising in preceding 10 days, imposes once to send with 0.3% composite fertilizer in 1-2 days before the outplanting and transfers fertilizer.
Embodiment 2 tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantations are cultivated, the selection of step 4 tissue cultivating seedling among the embodiment 1: tissue cultivating seedling is selected height of seedling 5cm-7cm, and the long 2cm-5cm of root system about one week, cleans medium through the refining seedling.
Step 5 tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation: the tissue cultivating seedling directly transplanting is to dish seedbed, off-the-shelf cave.
Step 6 tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation water and fertilizer management: (1) is watered and preserved moisture: tissue cultivating seedling does not restore normal growth, and humidity must remain on 75-85% in the canopy, avoids adopting the mode of directly watering in the water supply process, needs to supply water with spray pattern, is advisable so that dewdrop to be arranged on the blade; (2) insulation: carry out freeze prevention measure night in winter, guarantee that seedling does not receive cold damage; (3) fertilising: transplant seedling and restore normal growth for 2 to 3 weeks, can carry out foliage-spray by every potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.5-0.8 ‰ concentration; (4) sterilizing: tissue cultivating seedling is transplanted and was sprayed once at dusk about 1000 times of liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder in back second day, left and right sides Shi Yici week about, and the later stage looks the health condition of nursery stock and decides;
All the other 1,2,3,7,8 steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Effect comparison is seen table 1:
Table 1
Claims (6)
1. a method of cultivating large eucalyptus seedlings comprises that cuttage is coiled in the cave, the tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation is transplanted to the bigger container of volume after cultivating and taking root, and it is characterized in that comprising following concrete steps:
(1), the selection on the ground of growing seedlings: select that physical features is smooth, draining is good, irrigate ground, gentle slope easily, the Ex-all weeds, clear assorted back is with the formalin sterilization, and admixes the harm of the red control of an amount of furans ant, bed is made in leveling;
(2), dish seedbed in cave prepares: build the bamboo shelf of overhead high about 15cm, wide 1.1m, long 8-12m with bamboo chip, the seedling-cultivating tray of having put dark 4-5cm 105 types in cave fill matrix soil carry out simultaneously shade draught exclusion device also with the potassium permanganate of 1-2 ‰ to the native disinfection of matrix;
(3), the preparation and the sterilization of matrix soil;
(4), the selection of fringe bar and tissue cultivating seedling and processing: the fringe bar is selected the branch of robust growth, long 8-13cm, semi-lignified; Cut off base portion 1/3-1/2 blade; Soak sterilization in 15-20 minute with 800-1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder earlier, immerse in the clear water again; Insert fringe before the cuttage and need use HORMONE TREATMENT, tissue cultivating seedling is selected height of seedling 5cm-7cm, and the long 2cm-5cm of root system about one week, cleans medium through the refining seedling;
(5), cuttage and tissue cultivating seedling plug transplantation: insert fringe cuttage degree of depth 1.5-2cm, uprightly insert in the cave centre; Coil on the seedbed in off-the-shelf cave in tissue cultivating seedling directly transplanting to the step (2);
(6), water and fertilizer management;
(7), container transplants: the cave dish was cultivated about 50-70 days, and terminal bud is newly taken out 2-3cm, when the root system of most nursery stocks is agglomerating, seedling is coiled in the cave be transplanted in 8 * 8 (cm) black polyethylene plastic seeding culturing cup and carry out big seedling cultivation;
(8), the cultivation of seedlings: be placed in behind the seedling replanting in the shed that shades and cultivate, the later stage is progressively opened shading screen refining seedling; Strengthen water and fertilizer management; Height of seedling reaches 35-50cm, and the ground stem reaches 0.25cm and goes out the garden afforestation of going up a hill when above, and afforesting stopped fertilising in preceding 10 days, imposes once to send with 0.3% composite fertilizer in 1-2 days before the outplanting and transfers fertilizer.
2. a kind of method of cultivating large eucalyptus seedlings according to claim 1; The preparation and the sterilization that it is characterized in that the matrix soil of said step (3) are: matrix soil is prepared the thiophanate methyl wetting powder 30g/m with 70% by yellow soil 40%+ forest humus soil 30%+ fire dirt 30%
3, or with 25% carbendazol wettable powder 30g/m
3, evenly admixing, the potassium permanganate (KMnO of back with 1-2 ‰ stirs
4) water pouring matrix.
3. a kind of method of cultivating large eucalyptus seedlings according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the HORMONE TREATMENT in the said step (4) is: use hormone kind and concentration to be: one or more in ABT1 root-inducing powder, No. 2 root-inducing powder 500ppm of ABT or indolebutyric acid (IBA) the 800ppm combination; And with 95% alcohol dissolving hormone pulvis and be diluted with water to desired concn, fringe bar base portion is immersed in the hormone liquid soaked 3 minutes.
4. a kind of method of cultivating large eucalyptus seedlings according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water and fertilizer management of said step (6) is:
(a), cuttage seeding management;
(b) group training transplanted seedling management.
5. a kind of method of cultivating large eucalyptus seedlings according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described cuttage seeding management is: water and preserve moisture: before cutting was not taken root, humidity remained on 75-85% in the canopy, was as the criterion so that the globule to be arranged on the blade, fine water spray 3-4 time/day; Insulation: keep 20-30 ℃ of temperature of shed; The fertilising: promptly begin after the cuttage to topdress, process solution with 1 ‰ highly purified potassium dihydrogen phosphates and carry out foliage-spray, frequency be 4-7 days/inferior; Or whenever processed solution at a distance from 7 days with the composite fertilizer of 0.3-1% and spray, height of seedling stops when reaching the 15cm left and right sides with fertilizer; Sterilizing: after the cuttage every at a distance from 7 days with 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture, or 800-1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder is sprayed; Refining seedling: open plastic film after the cuttage 4-8 week gradually and refine seedling.
6. a kind of method of cultivating large eucalyptus seedlings according to claim 4; It is characterized in that the management of described group of training transplanted seedling is: water and preserve moisture: tissue cultivating seedling does not restore normal growth; Humidity must remain on 75-85% in the canopy; Avoid adopting the mode of directly watering in the water supply process, need to supply water, be as the criterion so that dewdrop to be arranged on the blade with spray pattern; Insulation: carry out freeze prevention measure night in winter, guarantee that seedling does not receive cold damage; Fertilising: transplant seedling and restore normal growth for 2 to 3 weeks, carry out foliage-spray with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.5-0.8 ‰ concentration; Sterilizing: tissue cultivating seedling is transplanted and was sprayed once at dusk about 1000 times of liquid, 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder in back second day, left and right sides Shi Yici week about, and the later stage looks the health condition of nursery stock and decides.
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