Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of can successfully breeding by Zhijiang Chinese ash, this is treasured species and is continued to make Zhijiang Chinese ash, preserves the Zhijiang Chinese ash mating system in the characterizing gene storehouse of Zhijiang Chinese ash species research.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of Zhijiang Chinese ash mating system, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare in the front seedbed of cuttage
The front seedbed of cuttage should select that physical features is smooth, the soil is porous fertile and well-drained farmland, seedbed is played before use sealing and is prevented from weed growth from liquor potassic permanganate, spraying disinfection, gets final product cuttage after covering with plastic film, and the pH value of soil remains on 7 ~ 8;
(2) cuttings is prepared
Cuttings lopping river Chinese ash branch, intercepted length is at 18 ~ 25cm, and guarantees the stalwartness of cuttings, disease-free and lateral bud plumpness, while cutting fringe, upper cut is from terminal bud 2cm, and upper end clip is level and smooth, does not stay burr, lower end clip is cut into the shape of a hoof, the cuttage bar of intercepting should be In Shade, and the cuttings of clip should be distinguished stem and top, divides just to empty and put well, and disinfection, for keeping its adequate water, also need to put into aseptic running water and soak, in aseptic running water, add root-inducing powder to promote its Rapid Rooting;
(3) cuttage
By the cuttings of soaking, by cutting kind of a bar position, divide a cuttage in batches, keep ventilating, during cuttage, cuttings is vertical with seedbed; Specific as follows:
Before inserting, by matrix leveling, be chosen in cloudy day, morning or at dusk the cuttings of handling well vertically inserted by seeding row spacing 15cm * 20cm, making its exposed parts be no more than 2/5ths of total length, stay a bud to reveal soil outside, watering afterwards permeable and compacting; The complete rear sprinkling sterilizing of cuttage; After 6 hours, adopt artificial vaporific water spray, guarantee that soil moisture is at 70%-75%, temperature, at 20-25 degree Celsius, will be carried out bud picking and prune the sprouting sprouting after cuttage, and after two weeks, carry out foliage spray in cuttage;
(4) transplant
The 15-20 days hardenings of cutting off the water before transplanting, to promote coring healthy development and to improve the nursery stock adaptive capacity of high temperature and drought weather to external world, while transplanting lifting, to keep the complete of root system, with rising with planting with watering, keep nursery stock not dehydration in transplanting process to divide, complete Zhijiang Chinese ash and breed.
In step (2), root-inducing powder is selected IBA, and the IBA hormone concentration of controlling in aseptic running water is 100mg/L, soaks more than 6 hours.
Cutting medium on seedbed selects the Changjiang river mud and cattle pen excrement humus soil 2.5:1 configuration to form.
Described seedbed base is not less than 45cm deeply.
Foliage spray is carried out in cuttage after two weeks be Chinese ash, to enter fast-growing after date about 15 days, to apply fertilizer 1 time, and the fertilizer used that topdresses is for chasing after available nitrogen, potash fertilizer and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate zinc potassium.
Transplant and generally in spring, carry out, when transplant autumn, should get with roots and soil seedling.
Utilization the invention provides method Zhijiang Chinese ash is bred, and Zhijiang Chinese ash survival rate reaches more than 95%, and field seedling gesture is neat, and character is consistent, shows the Zhijiang Chinese ash that can successfully breed out by this method.
Below in conjunction with test example and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment, all technology realizing based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
The Zhijiang Chinese ash mating system that the present invention enumerates, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare in seedbed
The front seedbed of cuttage should select that physical features is smooth, the soil is porous fertile and well-drained place.Cutting medium selects the Changjiang river mud and cattle pen excrement humus soil to form with weight ratio 2.5:1 configuration, and the Changjiang river mud take from the mud on riverbed, the Changjiang river, and cattle pen excrement humus soil is the humus soil that has added cow dung, and seedbed base is not less than 45cm deeply.Seedbed is played before use sealing and is prevented from weed growth from liquor potassic permanganate, spraying disinfection, and covering with plastic film got final product cuttage after 7 days, and the pH value of soil remains on 7 ~ 8.
(2) cuttings is prepared
The Zhijiang Chinese ash branch at 1 year age of cuttings intercepting growth, intercepted length is at 18 ~ 25cm, and guarantees the disease-free and lateral bud plumpness of the robustness of cuttings, while cutting fringe, upper cut is from terminal bud 2cm, and it is level and smooth that upper end clip is wanted, and do not stay burr, lower end clip is cut into the shape of a hoof, should note avoiding otch fork to split.The cuttage bar of intercepting should be In Shade, and the cuttings of clip should be distinguished stem top, divides just to empty and put well, and with thiophanate methyl sterilization, for keeping its adequate water, also need to put into aseptic running water and soak more than 6 hours, and add root-inducing powder to promote its Rapid Rooting.Root-inducing powder is selected IBA, and the IBA hormone concentration of controlling in aseptic running water is 100mg/L.
(3) cottage method
By the cuttings of soaking, by cutting kind of a bar position, divide a cuttage, physiological condition is more even in batches, and the new nursery stock of growth also can neat and consistent like this, and the distance of cuttage is advisable with 15cm left and right, keeps ventilating, and what pay special attention to is can not side slotting.During cuttage, must make cuttings vertical with bed base, evidence, slotting straight thousand, wound healing is good, and seedling growth is healthy and strong.
(4) management and cuttage
Before inserting, by matrix leveling, be chosen in cloudy day, morning or at dusk the cuttings of handling well vertically inserted by seeding row spacing 15cm * 20cm, making its exposed parts be no more than 2/5ths of total length, stay a bud to be exposed, watering afterwards permeable and compacting.Cuttage is complete rear with import topsin sprinkling sterilizing.After 6 hours, adopt artificial vaporific water spray, guarantee that soil moisture is at 70%-75%, temperature is at 20-25 degree Celsius.Within general 7 days, water once, reality is determined as the case may be.After cuttage, the sprouting sprouting to be carried out suitable bud picking and be pruned, and in cuttage, after two weeks, carry out foliage spray, and enter fast-growing after date and apply fertilizer 1 time for general about 15 days, mainly chase after available nitrogen, potash fertilizer and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate zinc potassium, fertilising is very favourable to cuttage rooting and growth, should carry out between the lights.
(5) transplant
Transplanting in spring for well, autumn, transplanting should be got seedling with roots and soil, 15-20 days before the transplanting hardenings of must cutting off the water, promote coring healthy development and improve the nursery stock adaptive capacity of high temperature and drought weather to external world, while transplanting lifting, to keep the complete of root system, with rising with planting with watering, keep nursery stock not dehydration in transplanting process to divide, transplanting should be between the lights or the cloudy day carry out.
Breed example 1: the applicant gathers the annual cuttings of Zhijiang Chinese ash in March, 2008, and rugosity is at 1cm, and length is cut into 18 ~ 25cm, and upper cut is apart from bud 2cm; lower cut, apart from bud 0.5cm, is cut into the shape of a hoof, and otch is level and smooth; avoid splitting, protect sprout not damaged, and process with root-inducing powder.On the seedbed of putting in order, start cuttage, cuttings is all inserted in soil, upper end is equal with ground, around treads, and after watering, cuttings 1 bud topmost bassets naturally, and seeding row spacing 15cm * 20cm, guarantees ground moistening and spray sterilizing with topsin after cuttage.In cuttage to exhibition leaf, take root after 30 days, provide sufficient moisture, and timely chesson, for the growth of seedling provides better growing conditions, in cuttage, after two weeks, carry out foliage spray, enter fast-growing after date and about 15 days, apply fertilizer 1 time.When seedling grows to 20 ~ 30cm, retain 1 healthy and strong branch, remove other side shoots, after 60 days, sapling starts to enter the fast-growing phase, loosens the soil, weeding.In transplanting, within first 3 days, stop hardening, transplant while getting seedling and keep coring complete, with getting at any time, water, keep nursery stock not dehydration in transplanting process to divide, transplant and carry out at the cloudy day.By local planting habit, carry out field management, in November, 2012, stop, the Zhijiang Chinese ash diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground has reached 6cm, height 7m.According to the inventive method, breed Zhijiang Chinese ash survival rate and reach more than 95%, field seedling gesture is neat, and character is consistent, shows that the Zhijiang Chinese ash breeding out by the inventive method is successful.
test example 1 Zhijiang Chinese ash cuttings cut mode Rooting research
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
Test material is collected in 1 year newborn cuttings of Zhou Hu village, Dong town, Zhijiang City Zhijiang Chinese ash, chooses stalwartness, not damaged and carries out cuttage test without the cuttings of damage by disease and insect.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 different incisions shape cuttage rooting comparison
By one side shape otch and two kinds of cut mode intercepting cuttings of horseshoe incision, be divided into two groups and carry out comparative trial respectively, other condition same treatment, carry out the comparison of cuttage root-taking situation to 1 year dry cuttings of raw high-quality seedling of Zhijiang Chinese ash.
results and analysis
2.1 different incisions shape cuttage rooting comparisons
By different kerf cuttings, the situation of taking root of cuttings is as shown in table 1, and result shows, the rooting rate of one side shape cuttings is starkly lower than the rooting rate of shape of a hoof cuttings, adopts horseshoe-shaped cuttings coring many, and growth is fast, grow sturdy, otherwise poorer.March 12 started cuttage, and the cuttings of one side shape started to take root about April 29, and horseshoe-shaped cuttings just started to take root about May 10.This is because horseshoe-shaped cuttings can be accelerated Water Transportation, for cuttings is fresh-keeping and maintain water balance, create conditions, cuttings wound area increases simultaneously, can make cuttings obtain more nutriment, cutting wound inner thin-walled cell obtains parallel fragmentation very soon, form sooner callus, produce adventive root, differentiation and development becomes a complete plant again.Different incisions cuttings shape rooting rate situation is in Table one.
test example 2 Zhijiang Chinese ash cuttings HORMONE TREATMENT Rooting researchs
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
ABT root-inducing powder, 911 root elements and 3 kinds of materials of taking root of IBA
1.2 test method
1.2.1 hormon is processed the comparison of taking root
After Zhijiang Chinese ash cuttings is cut, with ABT root-inducing powder, 911 root elements and 3 kinds of materials of taking root of IBA, soak 10 minutes respectively, 1 hour and 6 hours three kinds of modes are processed.Then adopt respectively three kinds of different concentration 100mg/L and 300mg/L, 600 mg/L, carry out repeatedly horizontal repeated test.
results and analysis
2.1 hormons are processed the comparison of taking root
As shown in table 2 by the different HORMONE TREATMENT situation of taking root, result shows, soaks 6 hours rooting rates the highest, soak 10 minutes the poorest.This is because the moisture that the time cuttings more of a specified duration of soaking absorbs is more abundant, has guaranteed to a certain extent the demand of cuttings to moisture.Relatively ABT root-inducing powder, 911 root elements and 3 kinds of hormones of IBA are on the impact of taking root, and HORMONE TREATMENT can improve the cuttage root-taking rate of Zhijiang Chinese ash effectively, and the rooting efficiency of IBA is best, and ABT root-inducing powder and 911 root element effects differ not obvious.The cuttings that cuttings average specific 911 root elements of processing with IBA and ABT root-inducing powder are processed was early taken root about 6 days.A common ground has been found in the processing of 3 kinds of hormone variable concentrations, and the effect that 100mg/L low concentration is processed is more effective than 300mg/L and the processing of 800mg/L high concentration, illustrates that Zhijiang Chinese ash is more suitable for processing in low concentration.From the situation of taking root of contrast, Zhijiang Chinese ash belongs to the seeds that easily take root, and only need just process a little and can significantly improve its rooting rate, and improvable is thus can suitably increase seeding row spacing when cuttage, in order to avoid affect its growth.Hormon is processed rooting rate situation in Table 2.
the different cuttings of test example 3 draw materials position and the seedling growth test research of different cuttings age
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
Each 50 of Zhijiang Chinese ash 1 year and perennial branch cuttings and root cuttings
1.2 test method
1.2.1 different cuttings position and the different cuttings age comparison of growing seedlings of drawing materials
Zhijiang Chinese ash 1 year and perennial branch cuttings and each 50 of root cuttings are divided into two groups, after the IBA immersion 6h with 100mg/L, carry out cuttage root-taking comparative trial respectively, check the draw materials situation of growing seedlings at position and different cuttings ages of different cuttings.
results and analysis
Position and the different cuttings age comparison of growing seedlings of drawing materials of 2.1 different cuttings
As shown in table 3 by different cuttings position and the different cuttings age situation of growing seedlings of drawing materials, result shows, the limb cuttings of same age is higher than root cuttings, and 1 year raw cuttings of identical cuttings is higher than perennial cuttings rudiment power.The rudiment ability of taking root of 1 year raw limb cuttings of this explanation Zhijiang Chinese ash is the strongest.This is that the rudiment of taking root is fast because the somatotropin content of limb cuttings is high, and the somatotropin of root cuttings is relatively low, and the advantage phase of the cuttings of 1 year in growth is higher than the rudiment ability of taking root of perennial cuttings simultaneously.Draw materials position and different cuttings age of different cuttings grown seedlings situation in Table 3.