CN101627688B - Method for planting dumose cortex eucommiae used as feed - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting dumose cortex eucommiae used as feed, and overcomes the defects of low per unit yield of folium cortex eucommiae and high labor strength in current planting method of cortex eucommiae. The method comprises the following steps of selecting and using high-quality cortex eucommiae seedling, field planting, leveling stubble, thinning out of branches, remaining scaffold braches, spreading braches, trimming, remaining lateral branches, fertilizing, irrigating, regular trimming after the dumose trees are formed and the like. The method in the invention has the advantages of improving per unit yield of folium cortex eucommiae and lowering labor strength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bark of eucommia forest management technology method of planting, it is the shrubbery shape bark of eucommia administrative skill of planting, comprise that bark of eucommia kind (strain) is selected, technology such as the individual plant individuality is fostered, the cultivation of forest land water and fertilizer condition, the collection of bark of eucommia blade, to improve bark of eucommia forest land unit are output blade and useful component output.It is a kind of new, efficient bark of eucommia management technology method of planting.
Technical background
The bark of eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides) is that China treasures second class protective plant in imminent danger and peculiar valuable traditional Chinese medicine and industry and carries collagen material seeds.Before more than 2,000 year China people just to utilize the bark of eucommia to make own in vigorous health and promote longevity.Secondary metabolite activity height such as the contained lignanoids of the bark of eucommia, iridoids, flavonoids, phenols, triterpenes, steroid class, polysaccharide, organic acid, amino acid, trace element, respond well at aspects such as medical treatment, health cares, be widely used.Along with development of modern science and technology, bark of eucommia exploitation and protection continue to increase, and plant nearly 300,000 hectares of area in more than 20 province in the whole nation (city, autonomous region) now.Bark of eucommia powder is as feed addictive, promotes that the fowl dirty swine is long, improves meat, improves effects such as antibiotic and immunocompetence and be confirmed.As the bark of eucommia being worn into fine particulate or powdery, in the daily ration of growing and fattening pigs, add 0.2%～0.3%, the active stalwartness of live pig is seldom sick, the delicate mouthfeel of pork is good, and protein content significantly improves, and product are of fine quality, the commercial grade height, and pork protein matter, 17 seed amino acid content all are higher than common pork, and intramuscular fat, cholesterol, oleic acid, linoleic acid are lower than common pork, and growing and having no adverse effects pork pig.Price is per jin generally to be improved about 2 yuan.On China Jiangxi and other places, raise the major industry that " bark of eucommia livestock and poultry " have become some rural resource exploitations, shaken off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity.Japan relies on from a large amount of import barks of eucommia of China, takes the lead in developing eucommia feed, is widely used in animals such as feeding chicken, duck, pig.Japan improves aspect meat egg product matter and the special pharmaceutical ingredient content feed poultry, domestic animal of bark of eucommia blade in recent years, makes important progress, and the birds, beasts and eggs product of production is in market sale.
At present, China's bark of eucommia main purpose of planting is to produce eucommia bark, to extract effective medicinal components and industrial glue, the cultivation target of planting mainly is to promote stem and divides branch growth, produce the eucommia bark more, that active constituent content is higher, therefore, good variety selection and good planting technique thereof also carry out around this target.Yet the blade edge Determination of Chlorogenic Acid is higher than bark and other parts, so, be that the demand of planting of target can not attain full and complete satisfaction to improve bark of eucommia blade active constituent content and output blade.The kind of planting now (strain) mainly contains the University of Science and Technology No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, the white poplar bark of eucommia etc., the forest land trees are the arbor shape, configuration mode: (1) individual plant isosceles triangle is arranged, line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2-3m; (2) broadband narrow row, 2 behaviors, 1 band, 2-3m between band and the band, seeding row spacing 1.0m * 0.5m; Two strains of (3) one caves, the cave is parallel with the individual plant between the cave, and the cave spacing is same as isosceles triangle and arranges.Tending management: self-employed tree cultivator's intercropping replaces loosening the soil, expand cave, removal of impurities etc. with farming operation and fosters measure.The arbor tree height big (more than general 4～5m) owing to plant, blade is gathered difficulty, single in addition leaf area is less, cause bark of eucommia blade at active constituent content higher period (summer), after the few people's collection and utilization, autumn leaf-fall, active ingredient such as chlorogenic acid, flavones drops to minimum or lower in the blade, cause bark of eucommia blade availability less than 5%, cause the wasting of resources.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention has the advantages that to improve the folium cortex eucommiae per unit area yield, reduce labour intensity for a kind of method for planting dumose cortex eucommiae used as feed is provided, and it has overcome the defective that the folium cortex eucommiae per unit area yield is low, labour intensity is high in the existing bark of eucommia method for planting.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of method for planting dumose cortex eucommiae used as feed, its special character be, comprises following process,
1] selects improved seeds bark of eucommia nursery stock for use;
2] field planting: spring, early or mid March was planted to mid or late April or mid or late October in autumn to mid or late November;
3] stump: 15～20cm place on ground immediately after planting, cut off trunk, cut and do the back and smear trunk section and following 4～5cm with mud or lacquer, reduce tree body moisture loss; Simultaneously, apart from trunk 15～20cm quick-acting fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, every strain 20g executes the back with the soil covering and water;
4] dredge branch, stay major branch: after sprouting a length and reaching more than the 15cm, according to different azimuth with at position, trunk upper, middle and lower, 3 robust growth of selecting and remain straggly, end are directly, the comparatively suitable branch of sprouting distributes, to cultivate major branch, the plane included angle is 110～130 ° between the major branch, cut off sick branch, deadwood, thin and delicate branch, impaired branch and other overstocked branch of sprouting from base portion, and carry out bud picking or prune processing newly sprouting branch at any time.
5] draw branch: major branch length reaches 30～40cm when above, draws branch with cord, and major branch and ground angle are 60～70 °, and angle is 115～125 ° between major branch, and major branch is evenly distributed on different azimuth.
6] prune, stay side shoot: after major branch length reaches 50～60cm,, major branch is pruned, pruned the position at 3～5cm place, full bud upper end, promptly apart from the about 10cm in major branch top in early April in late October to the coming year then; Side shoot is sprouted and length reaches after the 15cm, and each major branch stays 2 robust growth, holds straight side shoot, and all the other side shoots all cut off from base portion, carries out the bud picking processing to newly sprouting side shoot at any time later on;
7] apply fertilizer, pour water: the animated period of growing annual 4～June, the available N of spreading manuer in holes, P fertilizer 1～2 time, each every strain 60～80g about degree of depth 15cm, executes the back earthing, pours water according to soil moisture content;
8] after shrubbery shape tree body forms, gather folium cortex eucommiae every year by the end of July to mid-August, except that 5～7 leaves in branch top, all to adopt down, blade was gathered 2～3 years, when the branch growing way dies down, behind the fall foliage to spring resin flow, before branch sprouts, interlacing or prune major branch every strain, from each major branch bottom the base portion of side shoot cut off, pruned the plant that does not have pruning last year in 1 year, method is with last time identical.
Said process 1] in, bark of eucommia kind is No. 4, No. 3, University of Science and Technology or University of Science and Technology; Standard is that single leaf area is 45～50cm
2Asexual seedling, the strong sprout of selecting for use modes such as grafting, epicormic branch cuttage, slotting root to breed.
Above-mentioned strong sprout standard be height of seedling greater than 80cm, more than the leading thread 1.0cm, root is grown up in 60cm, more than the collar 1.1cm, one-level lateral root length is greater than 15～20cm, quantity is more than 3～4, anosis worm harm.
Said process 2] in, at first, line-spacing 2m when planting, spacing in the rows 1.5m, mu is planted 222 strains, the isosceles triangle configuration; Plant in hole (cave), cheats dark 70～80cm, and diameter is greater than 60cm; Every cave plants 1 strain, and goes into the fertilizer that about 10kg becomes thoroughly decomposed in the cave bottom application; Root system is pressed the self-sow state in the cave, put suitablely, after holding up end, setting upright nursery stock, banket, tread, pour water, treat to ooze back earthing soil moisture conservation under water;
Then, protect plantation, plant legume, herbage or green manure such as soybean, mung bean, hair sweet potato in the bark of eucommia in the ranks, with bark of eucommia nursery stock apart from 30cm about; Or low stalk crops such as plantation wheat, Ipomoea batatas, method and technology is identical with field crop; If do not rain 15～20 days 6～Augusts, can pour water 1 time.
Said process 3] in quick-acting fertilizer be urea or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), grafting bark of eucommia forest land, stump not, other management methods are same as the forest land of apogamic seedling construction; Also protect plantation behind the stump, be enlarged to 40～50cm with bark of eucommia distance, additive method is identical with the protection plantation after the field planting.
Said process 5] in, cord is fixed on ground for one section when drawing, and an end ties up on the major branch, and cord is about major branch direct bearing position is generally apart from major branch top 15cm.
Said process 5] in, cord changes with major branch growth elongation when drawing, transfers 1 time in 1～1.5 month.
Said process 8] in, finish revised in 1 year after, major branch was pruned 1 time according to the method every 3～4 years later on.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, changes bark of eucommia arbor shape afforestation and plant, improve the folium cortex eucommiae per unit area yield for the shrubbery shape.
2, shrubbery shape tree body is convenient to collect leaves, and reduces labour intensity.
3, for bark of eucommia comprehensive utilization provides condition, promote the popularization of the new purposes of the bark of eucommia, increased farmers' income.
Embodiment
Method for planting dumose cortex eucommiae used as feed of the present invention, having broken away from tradition fully is the management method of planting of target to produce Cortex Eucommiae, implement stump, draw technology such as branch, make bark of eucommia plant not have trunk, high growth is affected and limits, form branch quantity and spatial distribution thereof and the corresponding to shrubbery shape tree of artificial re-set target body, reach the purpose that improves the Folium Eucommiae per unit area yield and gather convenience degree and availability.Because this method takes similar shrub stubble flattening, promote technology such as descendant, and make the gutta-percha tree body lose natural high megaphanerophyte shape and become shrubbery shape, so be called the shrubbery shape bark of eucommia administrative law of planting.Concrete steps and method comprise:
1, selects improved seeds (strain) and nursery stock for use
Select improved seeds (strain), as No. 3, University of Science and Technology, No. 4, University of Science and Technology, standard is that single leaf area is greater than 45～50cm
2, plant strain growth is fast, and crotch angle is more than 45～50 °.
Asexual seedling, the strong sprout of selecting for use modes such as grafting, epicormic branch cuttage, slotting root to breed, strong sprout, standard was that height of seedling is greater than 80cm, more than the leading thread 1.0cm, root is grown up in 60cm, more than the collar 1.1cm, one-level lateral root length is greater than 15～20cm, and quantity is more than 3～4, anosis worm harm, nursery stock did not have the sick worm of quarantine when seedling was transferred in the strange land.
2, field planting
Spring, early or mid March was planted before and after mid or late April or fall foliage in 1 week (mid or late October is to mid or late November).Line-spacing 2m, spacing in the rows 1.5m, mu is planted 222 strains, the isosceles triangle configuration; Plant in hole (cave), cheats dark 70～80cm (reach and can put along seedling root, collar is lower than about the 2cm of the face of land), and diameter is greater than 60cm; Every cave plants 1 strain, and goes into the fertilizer that about 10kg becomes thoroughly decomposed in the cave bottom application; Root system is pressed the self-sow state in the cave, put suitablely, after holding up end, setting upright nursery stock, banket, tread, pour water, treat to ooze back earthing soil moisture conservation under water.
Protect plantation after the field planting, promptly plant legume, herbage or green manure such as soybean, mung bean, hair sweet potato in the ranks in the bark of eucommia, with bark of eucommia nursery stock apart from 30cm about; Also can plant low stalk crops such as wheat, Ipomoea batatas, method and technology is identical with field crop.If do not rain 15～20 days 6～Augusts, can pour water 1 time.
3, stump
15～20cm place on ground immediately after planting cuts flat mouth with pruning and cuts off trunk, cuts to do the back and smear trunk section and following 4～5cm with mud or lacquer, reduces tree body moisture loss.Simultaneously, the quick-acting fertilizers such as urea or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) of spreading manuer in holes apart from trunk 15～20cm, every strain 20g executes the back with soil covering and water.Grafting bark of eucommia forest land, stump not, other management methods are same as the forest land of apogamic seedling construction.Also protect plantation behind the stump, except that adding greatly 40～50cm with bark of eucommia distance, identical after additive method and the field planting.
4, dredge branch, stay major branch
Behind the stump, after sprouting a length and reaching more than the 15cm, according to different azimuth with at position, trunk upper, middle and lower, 3 robust growth of selecting and remain straggly, straight, the comparatively suitable branch of sprouting that distributes of end, to cultivate major branch, the plane included angle is 110～130 ° between the major branch.Cut off sick branch, deadwood, thin and delicate branch, impaired branch and other overstocked branch of sprouting from base portion, and carry out bud picking or prune processing newly sprouting branch at any time.
5, draw branch
Major branch length reaches 30～40cm when above, draws branch with cord, and major branch and ground angle are 60～70 °, and angle is 115～125 ° between major branch, and it is more even to distribute on different azimuth.Cord is fixed on ground for one section when drawing, and an end ties up on the major branch, and cord changes with major branch growth elongation about major branch direct bearing position is generally apart from major branch top 15cm, transfers 1 time in 1～1.5 month.
6, prune, stay side shoot
After major branch length reaches more than 50～60cm, in sprouting preceding 10 days to next spring behind the fall foliage then, promptly late October to early April (because of the weather the South and the North variant), major branch is pruned, prune the position at 3～5cm place, full bud upper end, promptly apart from the about 10cm in major branch top.Side shoot is sprouted and length reaches after the 15cm, and each major branch stays 2 robust growth, holds straight side shoot, and all the other side shoots all cut off from base portion, carries out the bud picking processing to newly sprouting side shoot at any time later on.
After shrubbery shape tree body forms, gather folium cortex eucommiae every year by the end of July to mid-August, except that 5～7 leaves in branch top, all adopt down.Blade was gathered 2～3 years, when the branch growing way dies down, behind the fall foliage to spring resin flow, before branch sprouts, interlacing or prune major branch every strain, from each major branch bottom the base portion of side shoot cut off.Pruned the plant that does not have pruning last year in 1 year, method is with last time identical.
Major branch was pruned 1 time according to the method every 3～4 years later on.
7, apply fertilizer, pour water
The animated period of growing annual 4～June, the available N of spreading manuer in holes, P fertilizer 1～2 time, each every strain 60～80g about degree of depth 15cm, executes the back earthing, pours water according to soil moisture content.
Embodiment:
1, test kind and test site:
The test kind is No. 3, bark of eucommia University of Science and Technology.
Test site is positioned at Lueyang County, the Shaanxi Province Qinling Mountains Nan Po ground of conceding the land, height above sea level 720m, yellowish soil, Xi Po, 13 ° of the gradients, the moistening monsoon climate in the northern fringe mountain region, subtropics, average annual precipitation 860mm.
2, planting system and planting density:
Calendar year 2001, early March was planted, and seeding row spacing is 1.5m * 2.0m, density 222 strain/mus.Nursery stock is the epicormic branch cuttage seedling, the harm of nursery stock is anosis worm, damage, seedling height 83～95cm, leading thread 1.0～1.2cm, root length is 63～76cm, 3～5 of individual plant lateral roots, root system development well, comparatively complete.Plant in the hole, cheat about dark 80cm, and the about 63cm of hole diameter, every hole plants 1 strain, and bottom, every hole applies the about 10kg of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and waters after planting.
3, field management in 1～3 year after the field planting:
After the field planting preceding 3 years except that normal collection blade, is target to cultivate shrubbery shape tree body mainly, adopts stump, dredges branch, draws method such as branch, impels major branch to grow by the expection angle and direction.1～2 year intercropping soybean after the field planting, soybean and bark of eucommia line-spacing 50cm.
4, prune:
After the field planting the 6th year, after the major branch growing way reduced, interlacing was pruned, and all wipes out major branch from base portion, pruned the row bark of eucommia in addition in 1 year.
Comparative Examples:
Plant and the breeding method plantation bark of eucommia with the existing bark of eucommia, its experiment kind and test site are same as the previously described embodiments, and its planting density is conventional density, i.e. 110 strain/mus.
The result that plants of the embodiment of the inventive method and the Comparative Examples of conventional method sees Table 1:
Table 1 bark of eucommia different planting leaf-making quantity (dry weight) kg/ mu
Annotate: the conventional cultivation with the shrubbery shape all is to plant calendar year 2001, plants back the 7th year (2007) and prunes major branch spring.
Claims (8)
1. a method for planting dumose cortex eucommiae used as feed is characterized in that, comprises following process,
1] selects improved seeds bark of eucommia nursery stock for use;
2] field planting: spring, early or mid March was planted to mid or late April or mid or late October in autumn to mid or late November;
3] stump: 15～20cm place on ground immediately after planting, cut off trunk, cut and do the back and smear trunk section and following 4～5cm with mud or lacquer, reduce tree body moisture loss; Simultaneously, apart from trunk 15～20cm quick-acting fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, every strain 20g executes the back with the soil covering and water;
4] dredge branch, stay major branch: after sprouting a length and reaching more than the l5cm, according to different azimuth with at position, trunk upper, middle and lower, 3 robust growth of selecting and remain straggly, end are directly, the comparatively suitable branch of sprouting distributes, to cultivate major branch, the plane included angle is 110～130 ° between the major branch, cut off sick branch, deadwood, thin and delicate branch, impaired branch and other overstocked branch of sprouting from base portion, and prune processing to newly sprouting branch at any time;
5] draw branch: major branch length reaches 40cm when above, draws branch with cord, and major branch and ground angle are 60～70 °, and angle is 115～125 ° between major branch, and major branch is evenly distributed on different azimuth;
6] prune, stay side shoot: after major branch length reaches 50～60cm,, major branch is pruned, pruned the position at 3～5cm place, full bud upper end, promptly apart from major branch top 10cm in early April in late October to the coming year then; Side shoot is sprouted and length reaches after the 15cm, and each major branch stays 2 robust growth, holds straight side shoot, and all the other side shoots all cut off from base portion, carries out the bud picking processing to newly sprouting side shoot at any time later on;
7] apply fertilizer, pour water: the animated period of growing annual 4～June, the available N of spreading manuer in holes, P fertilizer 1～2 time, each every strain 60～80g, degree of depth 15cm executes the back earthing, pours water according to soil moisture content;
8] after shrubbery shape tree body forms, gather folium cortex eucommiae every year by the end of July to mid-August, except that 5～7 leaves in branch top, all to adopt down, blade was gathered 2～3 years, when the branch growing way dies down, behind the fall foliage to spring resin flow, before branch sprouts, interlacing or prune major branch every strain, from each major branch bottom the base portion of side shoot cut off, pruned the plant that does not have pruning last year in 1 year, method is with last time identical.
2. method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described process 1] in, bark of eucommia kind is No. 4, No. 3, University of Science and Technology or University of Science and Technology; Standard is that single leaf area is 45～50cm
2Select grafting, epicormic branch cuttage for use, insert asexual seedling, strong sprout that the root mode is bred.
3. method for planting according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Described strong sprout standard be height of seedling greater than 80cm, more than the leading thread 1.0cm, root is grown up in 60cm, more than the collar 1.1cm, one-level lateral root length is greater than 20cm, quantity is more than 4, anosis worm harm.
4. method for planting according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described process 2] in, at first, line-spacing 2m when planting, spacing in the rows 1.5m, mu is planted 222 strains, the isosceles triangle configuration; Plant in the hole, cheats dark 70～80cm, and diameter is greater than 60cm; Every cave plants 1 strain, and goes into the fertilizer that 10kg becomes thoroughly decomposed in the cave bottom application; Root system is pressed the self-sow state in the cave, put suitablely, after holding up end, setting upright nursery stock, banket, tread, pour water, treat to ooze back earthing soil moisture conservation under water;
Then, protect plantation, plant legume, herbage or green manure in the ranks in the bark of eucommia, with bark of eucommia nursery stock apart from 30cm; Or the low stalk crop of plantation, method and technology is identical with field crop; If do not rain 15～20 days 6～Augusts, pour water 1 time.
5. method for planting according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
Described process 3] in quick-acting fertilizer be urea or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), grafting bark of eucommia forest land, stump not, other management methods are same as the forest land of apogamic seedling construction; Also protect plantation behind the stump, be enlarged to 40～50cm with bark of eucommia distance, additive method is identical with the protection plantation after the field planting.
6. method for planting according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Described process 5] in, cord is fixed on ground for one section when drawing, an end ties up on the major branch, cord in major branch direct bearing position generally apart from major branch top 15cm.
7. method for planting according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
Described process 5] in, cord changes with major branch growth elongation when drawing, transfers 1 time in 1～1.5 month.
8. method for planting according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Described process 8] in, finish revised in 1 year after, major branch was pruned 1 time according to the method every 3～4 years later on.
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| CN106105985A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 广西南宁十分园生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae cuttage quick propagation method |
| CN106305094A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 贵州省仁怀市辉盛农业科技有限公司 | Eucommia ulmoides planting method of capable of preventing and controlling diseases and pests |
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| CN108651135A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-16 | 乐山市林业科学研究院(乐山市林业科技推广站)(四川省林产品质量安全监测乐山站) | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees afforestation technology |
| CN109937780A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-06-28 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of remodeling method of Cortex Eucommiae low production forest |
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