CN102550304B - Method for rapid propagation of improved variety of Eucommia graftings - Google Patents
Method for rapid propagation of improved variety of Eucommia graftings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for rapid propagation of an improved variety of Eucommia graftings, which belongs to cultivation methods for economic varieties of trees and solves the prominent problem that propagation of improved varieties of Eucommia seedlings is slow. The method is developed by means of low-temperature seed treatment, seed dormancy breaking, seeding and seedling growing on a protected land in winter, advanced grafting, post-grafting scion germination promoting, sprout growing and the like. By the method, the germination time of Eucommia rootstock seedlings can be shifted to an earlier time evidently, rapid growth of the rootstock seedlings can be promoted, the grafting time of the Eucommia seedlings is shifted from late August to late May, one-year graftings may grow 80cm-100cm high, the propagation cycle of the improved variety of the Eucommia graftings is shortened evidently, the propagation of the improved variety of the Eucommia seedlings is quickened, Eucommia variety improvement level of China can be increased greatly, and rapid popularization of the improved varieties of Eucommia and continuous and stable development of the Eucommia industry can be promoted.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of fast breeding method of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, belong to the cultivation method of economic tree.
Background technology:
The bark of eucommia (
Eucommia ulmoidesOliv) be the distinctive famous and precious economic tree of China, in Subtropic of China to 26 provinces of warm temperate zone (district, city) cultivation, approximately 5,000,000 mu of area under cultivations arranged all.Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides is the rare traditional Chinese medicine of China's special product and important foreign exchange earning goods and materials, has strengthening the bones and muscles, filling liver kidney, for a long time clothes anti-effect of waiting for a long time of making light of one's life by commiting suicide, for Chinese medicine top grade.Studies have shown that in a large number modern age, Eucommia Fruit has high economic worth and utilizes prospect, pericarp (kind skin) contains the multiple mineral elements such as chlorogenic acid, Aucubin, Geniposidic acid, rosin element disaccharide glucoside, polysaccharide, amino acid and Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca, P, B, Mg, K, have the pharmacological function similar with Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides, and have no side effect; It is particularly worth mentioning that, bark of eucommia kind benevolence contains the abundant unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid, and wherein alpha-linolenic acid content reaches more than 60%, has remarkable reducing blood lipid, hypotensive and inhibition thrombotic diseases, the effects such as prevention miocardial infarction and cerebral infarction.The bark of eucommia is still produced the quality raw materials of several functions food except traditional medicine is used.The tree-like grace of the bark of eucommia, well developed root system, growth rapidly, strong stress resistance, damage by disease and insect are few, are that the husky good spy in district in hills, mountain area and Plain uses economic tree.The utilization of Eucommia Fruit more and more is subject to people's attention, and to produce Eucommia Fruit as main, orchard, the gardening cultivation mode of folium cortex eucommiae, skin, fruit, male flower comprehensive utilization will become one of Main Cultivation pattern of bark of eucommia production development.
Bark of eucommia cultivating superior high-yield needs breeding and propagation technique to support, we pass through the system research in more than 10 year, select ' secondary 1 ~ No. 5 ' 5 bark of eucommia improved seeds of China and ' secondary 6 ~ No. 9 ' 4 bark of eucommia improved seeds of China, and all passed through Henan Province's new varieties authorization, ' secondary 6 ~ No. 9 ' 4 bark of eucommia improved seeds of China passed through the new varieties authorization of the State Administration of Forestry in 2011, for bark of eucommia cultivating superior high-yield has been established the good resource basis.Adopt bark of eucommia breeding nursery stock to build the garden and by the orchard cultivation, build the 6th year mu fruit yield 200 ~ 260kg in garden.Effect of increasing production is very remarkable.
The conventional graft seedling growth process of the bark of eucommia is: the mid or late March sowing, mid-August, cut anvil the 2nd year spring to the late September grafting, bud picking, management, Second Year seedling in winter.As seen because the early growth of bark of eucommia rootstock seedling is slower, adopt conventional mating system, eucommia bark seed just can reach the grafting standard after sowing then August, and the strain grafting time of breeding needs 2 years, and the slow-paced problem of breeding seedling-wood breeding has seriously restricted the sound development of bark of eucommia industry.
Summary of the invention:
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of fast breeding method of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling.The present invention is directed to China bark of eucommia and produce the outstanding problem that exists, adopt in advance the low temperature treatment seed, break seed dormancy, the measure such as the sprouting that promotes to budder after winter protection ground seeding and seedling raising, the in advance grafting, grafting, work out a kind of bark of eucommia seedling fast breeding method.
Result of study shows, employing is broken seed dormancy, is sowed in advance, carries out the measures such as facilities to breed, not only can obviously do sth. in advance bark of eucommia rootstock seedling sprouting time, promote the rootstock seedling Fast Growth, advance to late May after also making the bark of eucommia seedling grafting time by August, grafting then height of seedling reaches 80cm ~ 100cm, has obviously shortened the breeding cycle of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, has accelerated bark of eucommia breeding seedling propagation speed.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of fast breeding method of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, the method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, eucommia bark seed low temperature treatment:
The eucommia bark seed that gathers was then soaked 12 ~ 24 hours in 25 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ clear water, eucommia bark seed is pulled out drained, not dripping as standard, then the gunnysack of packing into set to 0 in .1 ℃ ~ 7.2 ℃ the freezer low temperature treatment 10 ~ 25 days;
Second step, water seed soaking:
With taking out of from freezer through the eucommia bark seed after the low temperature treatment in the first step, then use 50 ℃ ~ 75 ℃ warm water, natural immersion 12 ~ 24 hours, use again 35 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ warm water natural immersions 12 ~ 24 hours after water leached, seed pulled out drain, not drip as standard, for subsequent use;
The 3rd step, work bed and sowing:
First greenhouse or hotbed soil are turned over one time before the breeding, fertilising, and carry out soil sterilization sterilization, the leveling rake is thin, makes high bed, and the eucommia bark seed of then handling well in second step in 1 ~ January 10 December in every year is sowed;
The 4th step, greenhouse by solar heat heat:
After planting, adopt greenhouse by solar heat to heat, temperature is not less than 2 ℃ in the control canopy at night, and the interior temperature of whole canopy on the daytime season of growth is no more than 40 ℃;
The 5th step, the management of seedbed Seedling Stage:
After planting in time keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, behind nursery stock transplanting, according to growing state application in time and the moisturizing of nursery stock, promote the growth of nursery stock;
Prepare before the 6th step, the grafting:
Carry out pinching when seedling height reaches 50 ~ 70cm, promote the nursery stock thickening growth, carry out grafting when the nursery stock leading thread reaches 0.6 ~ 0.8cm, grafting nursery lot the last week waters once;
The 7th goes on foot, carries out grafting with improved seed:
Gather bark of eucommia breeding not lignification or semi-lignified current-year branch do scion, carry out grafting;
The 8th goes on foot, cuts anvil promotes to budder sprouting:
After the grafting, in time cut anvil, promote to budder sprouting, when the sprouting length of buddering reaches 12 ~ 20cm, carry out solution and tie up;
The 9th step, autumn heat and prolong the seedling growth time:
The maximum air temperature is lower than 20 ℃ in daytime in autumn canopy, or when night, the minimum air temperature was lower than 10 ℃, epiphragma heats up, the maximum air temperature is controlled at 25 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ daytime in the canopy, and night, the minimum air temperature was controlled at 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, when grafting up to 80 ~ 100cm, when the ground stem reaches 0.60 ~ 1.00cm, progressively take off film aeration-cooling, take off behind the film in 10 ~ 25 days in the canopy temperature and progressively be down to 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, is not higher than 2 ℃ with outside air temperature is poor in the canopy.
Further, the work bed in described the 3rd step frontly turns over greenhouse or hotbed soil one time first for growing seedlings with sowing, execute diammonium phosphate 10 ~ 20 kg for every mu, carry out the soil sterilization sterilization with 50 ~ 200 g powder of carbendazim, the leveling rake is thin, makes high bed: high 10 ~ 15 cm of bed surface, wide 35 ~ 50 cm, pavement 20 ~ 30 cm, each bed surface is sowed 2 row, line-spacing 20 ~ 30cm; Annual sowing on 1 ~ January 10 December, adopt drilling method: sown scope 5 ~ 8 cm, line-spacing 25 ~ 30 cm, ditching depth 3 ~ 5 cm water end water along ditch first behind the trench digging, water every meter 2 ~ 5kg of the water yield, then sow, seeding quantity is grasped per 10 cm apart from 5～7 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 8 ~ 10 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm.
Further, the greenhouse by solar heat in described the 4th step heats as adopting the Plastic steel framework arched roof in the greenhouse, the arched roof north-south, 60 ~ 100m long from south to north, the wide 6 ~ 12m of thing, rise 3.0 ~ 5.0m, high 1.5 ~ the 2.0m in both sides after planting covers the plastic film of 2 bed thickness, 0.02 ~ 0.08mm again in booth, film is to ceiling distance respectively approximately 20cm, 40cm, then cover the little shed about high 30cm in the seedbed, little shed plastic film thickness 0.02 ~ 0.05mm.
Further, the bark of eucommia breeding in described the 7th step is secondary No. 6 barks of eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides ' Huazhong No 6 ') of China.
Further, the grafting method in described the 7th step is to be with wooden plate budding: the long 2.0 ~ 4.0cm that budders, 1.5 ~ 2.5cm on the bud wherein, 0.5 ~ 1.5cm under the bud; The stock grafting height is 10 ~ 20cm overhead, stays 1 ~ 3 leaf below the stock cutting position, and stock and scion form layer to good, then use the plastic film of thick 0.02 ~ 0.04mm to wrap up, and budder exposed.
Further, the anvil of cutting in described the 8th step is after the grafting 7 ~ 10 days, stays 1 ~ 3 blade to cut anvil at above 5 ~ 10cm place of buddering, the promotion sprouting of buddering; When the sprouting length of buddering reaches 5 ~ 10cm, carry out again cutting the second time anvil at distance grafting bud sheet upper limb 0.5 ~ 1.5cm place.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, by enforcement of the present invention, bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling shortened to 1 year from 2 years breeding cycle, for bark of eucommia industry development provides the breeding quick propagating technology.
2, the present invention adopts and to break seed dormancy, sow in advance, carry out the measure such as facilities to breed, not only can obviously do sth. in advance bark of eucommia rootstock seedling sprouting time, promote the rootstock seedling Fast Growth, advance to late May after also making the bark of eucommia seedling grafting time by August, grafting then height of seedling reaches 80cm ~ 100cm, obviously shorten the breeding cycle of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, accelerated bark of eucommia breeding seedling propagation speed.
3, the application of the technology of the present invention has been alleviated present bark of eucommia production to the great demand of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, can increase substantially China's bark of eucommia improved variety level simultaneously, promotes bark of eucommia breeding Rapid Popularization and the continual and steady development of bark of eucommia industry.
Embodiment:
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.The used Hua Zhongliu bark of eucommia of the present invention is the high quality tree species through the authorization of the Henan Province forest variety certification committee, title: secondary No. 6 barks of eucommia of China; Formal name used at school: Eucommia ulmoides ' Huazhong No 6 '; Breeding numbering: Henan S-SV-EU-002-2007.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of fast breeding method of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, the method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, the eucommia bark seed low temperature treatment of carrying out: the eucommia bark seed that will gather was then soaked 24 hours in 30 ℃ of clear water, eucommia bark seed pulled out drain the gunnysack of packing into after (not drip as standard), then 20 kilograms in seed after each gunnysack dress soaks set to 0 in the .1 ℃ of freezer low temperature treatment 10 days.
Second step, water seed soaking: will take out of from freezer through the eucommia bark seed after the low temperature treatment, then use 50 ℃ of warm water natural immersions 24 hours, use again 60 ℃ of warm water natural immersions 12 hours after water leached, seed is pulled out drain (not drip as standard) after, for subsequent use.
The 3rd step, do bed and sowing: grow seedlings and frontly first hotbed soil is turned over one time, execute diammonium phosphate 10kg for every mu, carry out the soil sterilization sterilization with 50 g powder of carbendazim, the leveling rake is thin, makes high.High 10 cm of bed surface, wide 35 cm, pavement 20 cm, each bed surface is sowed 2 row, line-spacing 20cm.Sowing on December 1 is adopted drilling method, sown scope 5 cm.Line-spacing 25 cm.Ditching depth 3 cm.Water end water along ditch first behind the trench digging, water every meter 2kg of the water yield, then sow.Seeding quantity is grasped per 10 cm apart from 5 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 8 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm.
The 4th step, greenhouse by solar heat heat: adopt greenhouse by solar heat to heat, the greenhouse adopts the Plastic steel framework arched roof, the arched roof north-south, and 60mm long from south to north, the wide 6.0m of thing rises 3.0m, the high 1.5mm in both sides.After planting cover the plastic film of 2 bed thickness 0.02 in booth, then film covers the little shed about high 30cm, little shed plastic film thickness 0.02mm to ceiling distance respectively approximately 20cm, 40cm in the seedbed again.Temperature is not less than 2 ℃ in the control canopy at night, and the interior temperature of whole canopy on the daytime season of growth is no more than 40 ℃, takes off the film cooling when temperature reaches 40 ℃ in the canopy.
The 5th step, the management of seedbed Seedling Stage: after planting in time spray water to keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, water after coming up 1～2 time, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, the seedling spacing in the rows is approximately about 5cm after transplanting.In nursery stock transplanting soil application 1 time after 5 days, fertilising in later per 15 days is once executed urea 5kg for every mu for the first time, executes urea 10kg for each every mu later on, and every mu is affixed by the 10kg compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer after the nursery stock pinching.
Prepare before the 6th step, the grafting: when seedling height reaches 50cm, carry out pinching, promote the nursery stock thickening growth.When reaching 0.6cm, the nursery stock leading thread carries out grafting.Grafting nursery lot the last week waters once, waters 30 tons every mu of the water yields.
The 7th step, carry out grafting with improved seed: lignification or semi-lignified current-year branch are not done scion to gather secondary No. 6 barks of eucommia of China (Eucommia ulmoides ' Huazhong No 6 '), employing is carried out grafting with the method for wooden plate budding, grafting bud length of a film 2.0cm, 1.5cm on the bud wherein, 0.5cm under the bud.The stock grafting height is 10cm overhead, stays 1 leaf below the stock cutting position, and stock and scion form layer to good, then wrap up with the plastic film of thickness 0.02mm, budder exposed.
The 8th step, cut anvil sproutings that promote to budder: after the grafting 7 days, stay 1 blade to cut anvil at the above 5cm place of buddering, the promotion sprouting of buddering.When the rear length of the sprouting of buddering reaches 5cm, carry out again cutting the second time anvil at distance grafting bud sheet upper limb 1.0cm place; Budder to sprout and carry out solution when length reaches 12cm and tie up.
Heat the seedling growth time that prolongs in the 9th step, autumn: the maximum air temperature is lower than 20 ℃ in daytime in autumn canopy, or when night, the minimum air temperature was lower than 10 ℃, epiphragma heated up.Maximum air temperature control on daytime is 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ in the canopy, and night, minimum air temperature control was 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃.When grafting up to 80cm, when the ground stem reaches 0.60cm, progressively take off film aeration-cooling.Take off in the film 15 days in the canopy temperature and progressively be down to 5 ℃, is not higher than 2 ℃ with outside air temperature is poor in the canopy.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of fast breeding method of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, the method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, the eucommia bark seed low temperature treatment of carrying out: the eucommia bark seed that will gather was then soaked 12 hours in 60 ℃ of clear water, eucommia bark seed pulled out drain the gunnysack of packing into after (not drip as standard), then 50 kilograms in seed after each gunnysack dress soaks put in 5.0 ℃ of freezers low temperature treatment 15 days.
Second step, water seed soaking: will take out of from freezer through the eucommia bark seed after the low temperature treatment, then use 75 ℃ of warm water natural immersions 12 hours, use again 40 ℃ of warm water natural immersions 15 hours after water leached, seed is pulled out drain (not drip as standard) after, for subsequent use.
The 3rd step, do bed and sowing: grow seedlings and frontly greenhouse soil is turned over one time first, execute diammonium phosphate 15 kg for every mu, carry out the soil sterilization sterilization with 100 g powder of carbendazim, the leveling rake is thin, makes high.The high 12cm of bed surface, wide 40 cm, pavement 25 cm, each bed surface is sowed 2 row, line-spacing 25cm.Sowing on January 10 is adopted drilling method, sown scope 8 cm.Line-spacing 30 cm.Ditching depth 5 cm.Water end water along ditch first behind the trench digging, water every meter 5kg of the water yield, then sow.Seeding quantity is grasped per 10 cm apart from 7 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 10 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm;
The 4th step, greenhouse by solar heat heat: adopt greenhouse by solar heat to heat, the greenhouse adopts the Plastic steel framework arched roof, the arched roof north-south, and 100m long from south to north, the wide 12m of thing rises 5.0m, the high 2.0m in both sides.After planting cover the plastic film of 2 bed thickness 0.06mm in booth, then film covers the little shed about high 30cm, little shed plastic film thickness 0.03mm to ceiling distance respectively approximately 20cm, 40cm in the seedbed again.Temperature is not less than 2 ℃ in the control canopy at night, and the interior temperature of whole canopy on the daytime season of growth is no more than 40 ℃, takes off the film cooling when temperature reaches 40 ℃ in the canopy.
The 5th step, the management of seedbed Seedling Stage: after planting in time spray water to keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, water after coming up 1～2 time, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, the seedling spacing in the rows is approximately about 5cm after transplanting.In nursery stock transplanting soil application 1 time after 5 days, fertilising in later per 20 days is once executed urea 5kg for every mu for the first time, executes urea 10kg for each every mu later on, and every mu is affixed by the 10kg compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer after the nursery stock pinching.
Prepare before the 6th step, the grafting: when seedling height reaches 70cm, carry out pinching, promote the nursery stock thickening growth.When reaching 0.80cm, the nursery stock leading thread carries out grafting.Grafting nursery lot the last week waters once, waters 60 tons every mu of the water yields.
The 7th step, carry out grafting with improved seed: lignification or semi-lignified current-year branch are not done scion to gather secondary No. 6 barks of eucommia of China (Eucommia ulmoides ' Huazhong No 6 '), employing is carried out grafting with the method for wooden plate budding, grafting bud length of a film 4.0cm, 2.5cm on the bud wherein, 1.5cm under the bud.The stock grafting height is 20cm overhead, stays 3 leaves below the stock cutting position, and stock and scion form layer to good, then wrap up with the plastic film of thickness 0.04mm, budder exposed.
The 8th step, cut anvil sproutings that promote to budder: after the grafting 10 days, stay 3 blades to cut anvil at the above 10cm place of buddering, the promotion sprouting of buddering.When the rear length of the sprouting of buddering reaches 10cm, carry out again cutting the second time anvil at distance grafting bud sheet upper limb 1.5cm place.Carrying out solution when the sprouting length of buddering reaches 20cm ties up.
Heat the seedling growth time that prolongs in the 9th step, autumn: the maximum air temperature is lower than 25 ℃ in daytime in autumn canopy, or when night, the minimum air temperature was lower than 15 ℃, epiphragma heated up.Maximum air temperature control on daytime is 30 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ in the canopy, and night, the minimum air temperature was controlled at 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃.When grafting up to 100cm, when the ground stem reaches 1.00cm, progressively take off film aeration-cooling.Take off in the film 25 days in the canopy temperature and progressively be down to 3 ℃, is not higher than 2 ℃ with outside air temperature is poor in the canopy.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of fast breeding method of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, the method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, the eucommia bark seed low temperature treatment of carrying out: the eucommia bark seed that will gather was then soaked 24 hours in 20 ℃ of clear water, eucommia bark seed pulled out drain, not dripping as standard, after the gunnysack of packing into, then seed 50kg after each gunnysack dress soaks put in 7.2 ℃ of freezers low temperature treatment 25 days.
Second step, water seed soaking: will take out of from freezer through the eucommia bark seed after the low temperature treatment, then use 60 ℃ of warm water natural immersions 16 hours, use again 30 ℃ of warm water natural immersions 24 hours after water is leached, and seed is pulled out be drained, not drip as standard, for subsequent use.
The 3rd step, do bed and sowing: grow seedlings and frontly first greenhouse or hotbed soil are turned over one time, execute diammonium phosphate 20 kg for every mu, carry out the soil sterilization sterilization with 200 g powder of carbendazim, the leveling rake is thin, makes high.The high 15cm of bed surface, wide 50 cm, pavement 30 cm, each bed surface is sowed 2 row, line-spacing 30cm.Sowing on January 10 is adopted drilling method, sown scope 8 cm.Line-spacing 30 cm.Ditching depth 5 cm.Water end water along ditch first behind the trench digging, water every meter 5kg of the water yield, then sow.Seeding quantity is grasped per 10 cm apart from 7 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 10 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm;
The 4th step, greenhouse by solar heat heat: adopt greenhouse by solar heat to heat, the greenhouse adopts the Plastic steel framework arched roof, the arched roof north-south, and 100m long from south to north, the wide 12m of thing rises 5.0m, the high 2.0m in both sides.After planting cover the plastic film of 2 bed thickness 0.06mm in booth, then film covers the little shed about high 30cm, little shed plastic film thickness 0.03mm to ceiling distance respectively approximately 20cm, 40cm in the seedbed again.Temperature is not less than 2 ℃ in the control canopy at night, and the interior temperature of whole canopy on the daytime season of growth is no more than 40 ℃, takes off the film cooling when temperature reaches 40 ℃ in the canopy.
The 5th step, the management of seedbed Seedling Stage: after planting in time spray water to keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, water after coming up 1～2 time, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, the seedling spacing in the rows is approximately about 5cm after transplanting.In nursery stock transplanting soil application 1 time after 5 days, fertilising in later per 20 days is once executed urea 5kg for every mu for the first time, executes urea 10kg for each every mu later on, and every mu is affixed by the 10kg compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer after the nursery stock pinching.
Prepare before the 6th step, the grafting: when seedling height reaches 60cm, carry out pinching, promote the nursery stock thickening growth.When reaching 0.80cm, the nursery stock leading thread carries out grafting.Grafting nursery lot the last week waters once, waters 60 tons every mu of the water yields.
The 7th step, carry out grafting with improved seed: lignification or semi-lignified current-year branch are not done scion to gather secondary No. 6 barks of eucommia of China (Eucommia ulmoides ' Huazhong No 6 '), employing is carried out grafting with the method for wooden plate budding, grafting bud length of a film 4.0cm, 2.5cm on the bud wherein, 1.5cm under the bud.The stock grafting height is 20cm overhead, stays 3 leaves below the stock cutting position, and stock and scion form layer to good, then wrap up with the plastic film of thickness 0.04mm, budder exposed.
The 8th step, cut anvil sproutings that promote to budder: after the grafting 10 days, stay 3 blades to cut anvil at the above 10cm place of buddering, the promotion sprouting of buddering.When the rear length of the sprouting of buddering reaches 10cm, carry out again cutting the second time anvil at distance grafting bud sheet upper limb 1.5cm place.Carrying out solution when the sprouting length of buddering reaches 20cm ties up.
Heat the seedling growth time that prolongs in the 9th step, autumn: the maximum air temperature is lower than 25 ℃ in daytime in autumn canopy, or when night, the minimum air temperature was lower than 15 ℃, epiphragma heated up.Maximum air temperature control on daytime is 30 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ in the canopy, and night, the minimum air temperature was controlled at 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃.When grafting up to 100cm, when the ground stem reaches 1.00cm, progressively take off film aeration-cooling.Take off in the film 25 days in the canopy temperature and progressively be down to 3 ℃, is not higher than 2 ℃ with outside air temperature is poor in the canopy.
Claims (6)
1. the fast breeding method of a bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling, it is characterized in that: the method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, eucommia bark seed low temperature treatment:
The eucommia bark seed that gathers was then soaked 12 ~ 24 hours in 25 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ clear water, eucommia bark seed is pulled out drained, not dripping as standard, then the gunnysack of packing into set to 0 in .1 ℃ ~ 7.2 ℃ the freezer low temperature treatment 10 ~ 25 days;
Second step, water seed soaking:
With taking out of from freezer through the eucommia bark seed after the low temperature treatment in the first step, then use 50 ℃ ~ 75 ℃ warm water, natural immersion 12 ~ 24 hours, use again 35 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ warm water natural immersions 12 ~ 24 hours after water leached, seed pulled out drain, not drip as standard, for subsequent use;
The 3rd step, work bed and sowing:
First greenhouse or hotbed soil are turned over one time before the breeding, fertilising, and carry out soil sterilization sterilization, the leveling rake is thin, makes high bed, and the eucommia bark seed of then handling well in second step in 1 ~ January 10 December in every year is sowed;
The 4th step, greenhouse by solar heat heat:
After planting, adopt greenhouse by solar heat to heat, temperature is not less than 2 ℃ in the control canopy at night, and the interior temperature of whole canopy on the daytime season of growth is no more than 40 ℃;
The 5th step, the management of seedbed Seedling Stage:
After planting in time keep the skin wet according to bed surface humidity, when treating that seedling grows 4 true leaves, overstocked seedling is carried out a transplantation of seedlings, behind nursery stock transplanting, according to growing state application in time and the moisturizing of nursery stock, promote the growth of nursery stock;
Prepare before the 6th step, the grafting:
Carry out pinching when seedling height reaches 50 ~ 70cm, promote the nursery stock thickening growth, carry out grafting when the nursery stock leading thread reaches 0.6 ~ 0.8cm, grafting nursery lot the last week waters once;
The 7th goes on foot, carries out grafting with improved seed:
Gather bark of eucommia breeding not lignification or semi-lignified current-year branch do scion, carry out grafting;
The 8th goes on foot, cuts anvil promotes to budder sprouting:
After the grafting, in time cut anvil, promote to budder sprouting, when the sprouting length of buddering reaches 12 ~ 20cm, carry out solution and tie up;
The 9th step, autumn heat and prolong the seedling growth time:
The maximum air temperature is lower than 20 ℃ in daytime in autumn canopy, or when night, the minimum air temperature was lower than 10 ℃, epiphragma heats up, the maximum air temperature is controlled at 25 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ daytime in the canopy, and night, the minimum air temperature was controlled at 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, when grafting up to 80 ~ 100cm, when the ground stem reaches 0.60 ~ 1.00cm, progressively take off film aeration-cooling, take off behind the film in 10 ~ 25 days in the canopy temperature and progressively be down to 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, is not higher than 2 ℃ with outside air temperature is poor in the canopy.
2. the fast breeding method of a kind of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the work bed in described the 3rd step frontly turns over greenhouse or hotbed soil one time first for growing seedlings with sowing, execute diammonium phosphate 10 ~ 20 kg for every mu, carry out the soil sterilization sterilization with 50 ~ 200 g powder of carbendazim, the leveling rake is thin, makes high bed: high 10 ~ 15 cm of bed surface, wide 35 ~ 50 cm, pavement 20 ~ 30 cm, each bed surface is sowed 2 row, line-spacing 20 ~ 30cm; Annual sowing on 1 ~ January 10 December, adopt drilling method: sown scope 5 ~ 8 cm, line-spacing 25 ~ 30 cm, ditching depth 3 ~ 5 cm water end water along ditch first behind the trench digging, water every meter 2 ~ 5kg of the water yield, then sow, seeding quantity is grasped per 10 cm apart from 5～7 of sowing, and every mu of sowing 8 ~ 10 kg are after planting about earthing 2 cm.
3. the fast breeding method of a kind of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the greenhouse by solar heat in described the 4th step heats as adopting the Plastic steel framework arched roof in the greenhouse, the arched roof north-south, 60 ~ 100m long from south to north, wide 6 ~ the 12m of thing, rise 3.0 ~ 5.0m, high 1.5 ~ the 2.0m in both sides, after planting in booth, cover again the plastic film of 2 bed thickness, 0.02 ~ 0.08mm, film is to ceiling distance respectively approximately 20cm, 40cm, then cover the little shed about high 30cm in the seedbed, little shed plastic film thickness 0.02 ~ 0.05mm.
4. the fast breeding method of a kind of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bark of eucommia breeding in described the 7th step is secondary No. 6 barks of eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides ' Huazhong No 6 ') of China.
5. the fast breeding method of a kind of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the grafting method in described the 7th step is to be with wooden plate budding: the long 2.0 ~ 4.0cm that budders, 1.5 ~ 2.5cm on the bud wherein, 0.5 ~ 1.5cm under the bud; The stock grafting height is 10 ~ 20cm overhead, stays 1 ~ 3 leaf below the stock cutting position, and stock and scion form layer to good, then use the plastic film of thick 0.02 ~ 0.04mm to wrap up, and budder exposed.
6. the fast breeding method of a kind of bark of eucommia grafting with improved seed seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the anvil of cutting in described the 8th step is after the grafting 7 ~ 10 days, stays 1 ~ 3 blade to cut anvil at above 5 ~ 10cm place of buddering, the promotion sprouting of buddering; When the sprouting length of buddering reaches 5 ~ 10cm, carry out again cutting the second time anvil at distance grafting bud sheet upper limb 0.5 ~ 1.5cm place.
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| CN102771280B (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-04-09 | 山东贝隆杜仲生物工程有限公司 | Thinning transplanting method of Eucommia ulmoides greenhouse seedlings |
| CN105766510A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆市万盛经开区黑山镇供销合作社有限公司 | Method for planting cortex eucommiae |
| CN105284431B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-10-13 | 梁世君 | A kind of bark of eucommia method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106613298A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-05-10 | 孔翠云 | High-quality eucommia ulmoides grafting seedling breeding method |
| CN109673360A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 吉首大学 | A kind of fast breeding method of south Cortex Eucommiae grafting |
| CN110313343A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-11 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method for promoting Cortex Eucommiae to do sth. in advance result |
| CN114731885B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-10-24 | 江西普正制药股份有限公司 | Seedling raising method for eucommia ulmoides |
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