CN105594538B - A kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method - Google Patents

A kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method Download PDF

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CN105594538B
CN105594538B CN201510960007.2A CN201510960007A CN105594538B CN 105594538 B CN105594538 B CN 105594538B CN 201510960007 A CN201510960007 A CN 201510960007A CN 105594538 B CN105594538 B CN 105594538B
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bud
branch
year
tree
days
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CN105594538A (en
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李秀根
杨健
王龙
王苏珂
薛华柏
苏艳丽
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Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G2003/005—Removing buds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method.The present invention includes the selection of sprout, sprout plant, the step such as First Year management, Second Year management and management in the 3rd year after plant.Pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method provided by the invention, pass through experiment screening for many years, with reference to produce reality, using the tree-like of sprout building well and elongated cylindrical, by technologies such as " carve, turn round, smear " and apply fertilizers scientifically and scientific management methods, achievable theatre is planted then, is shaped within 2 years, is gone into operation within 3 years, 4 years early high-yield targets got bumper crops.The present invention can solve the problems, such as that existing seedlings building well difficulty is big, cost is high, result is late, benefit is slow, by traditional 2 years raw seedlings building wells be changed into sprouting for 1 year seedling building well, 4 traditional year's harvest shapes be changed into shaping in 2 years, be changed into getting bumper crops for 4 years by 6 years traditional high yields, there is distinct economic and application value.

Description

A kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree to plant breeding method, and in particular to a kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method.
Background technology
The crisp sweet tea succulence of pear fruit, it is nutritious rich in multivitamin and mineral matter, and there is good medical value, It is deep to be liked by the people of other countries.China is pears producing country maximum in the world, but for a long time, cultivation mode and managerial skills Fall behind, production efficiency is very low.
Pears are perennial woody fruit trees, and traditional cultivation mode is using big hat thin planting pattern, and tree body level is more, and management is tired Hardly possible is, it is necessary to expend substantial amounts of cost of labor；From field planting building well to operation, it is necessary to which the time of 4 to 5 years, economic well-being of workers and staff are later；Go into operation The easy closing of the consequence appearance of a park, cause pest and disease damage to spread.China rural laborer is in short supply at present, human cost constantly rises, and opens Precocity fruiting is sent out, the cultivation technique early got bumper crops is to reduce theatre administrative skill difficulty, reduce orchard production cost, ahead of time income, warp Help efficient inevitable choice.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The invention aims to solve, existing seedlings building well difficulty is big, cost is high, result is late, benefit The problem of slow.There is provided that a kind of building well cost is low, technology is simple, strong operability for grower, management is easy, can obtain Early Paleozoic strata Cultivation purpose, there is the pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method of distinct economic and application value.
Technical scheme：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of sprout：
Autumn Mo selects more than trunk diameter rugosity 1cm, and buddering, full, main root is flourishing, the annual stalwartness of more than 10, fibrous root, anvil Wood is the bud tablets seedling of birch-leaf pear (bean pear).
(2) sprout is transplanted：
1) after orchard is smooth, according to 3~3.5m line-spacing, deep 80~100cm, wide 80~100cm are excavated along North and South direction Field planting ditch；
2) the thick agricultural crop straws of 40~50cm are put into field planting ditch；
3) the thick farm manures of 5~10cm are applied into field planting ditch again；
4) field planting ditch is backfilled to soil equal with ground；
5) poured to field planting ditch permeable, make soil heavy real；
6) it is colonized sprout by 0.75~1m spacing in the rows on field planting ditch.The depth of planting is embedded to below ground 1.5 with root neck ~2.5cm, grafting part more than the 5cm that at least bassets are advisable；
7) poured to field planting ditch permeable；
8) planting ditch soil undetermined is slightly dry, and black mulch film or ground cloth, mulch film or ground cloth edge soil pressure are covered on field planting ditch It is real, so as to improve ground temperature, soil moisture content is kept, management of weeds, promotes root growth；
(3) First Year management after transplanting
1) stock top is cut at kind bud tablets 0.5~0.8cm of top of grafting before germinateing；
2) pour a backwater within 15 days or so, continue to by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content；
3) tender shoots of stock pumping is erased after germinateing in time, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud is sent；
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grow to 20~30cm it is high when, bamboo pole high vertical upper 2m makees supporter, by seedling Wood is good along bamboo pole bondage；
5) branch sprouted on timely limb of erasing, Grafted Variety single-trunk is kept to grow up；
6) the middle ten days in May sprays 300~400mgL to the weak pears seedling for not growing to 20cm length after the sprouting of grafting bud-1's Gibberellins solution, every sprinkling in 15~18 days once, continuously spray 3~4 times；
7) start to combine watering at the beginning of 6 months, each tree applies 25~30g urea, applied 1 time every 15~18 days, continuously applies With 6~8 times, it is ensured that sapling highly reaches 2~3m then, and more than 80% trunk diameter reaches more than 1cm；
8) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree in below 40cm；
9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation is carried out during；
(4) Second Year management after being colonized
1) in rudiment the last week, all carried out apart from more than ground 80cm, bud of the trunk diameter in more than 1cm against raw Bud processing is carved, specific method is at 0.3~0.5cm under leveling saw, as deep as xylem, to be lacked with small hacksaw blade above bud to saw out Amount xylem wood chip is advisable；Generally bud 30~40 or so is carved in processing.；
2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 25~30g urea；
3) combine watering each tree every 15 days later and apply 25~30g urea；
4) after mid-May, when through quarter bud occur branch grow to 30~40cm it is long when, to branch carry out turn round the tip processing. Specific practice is that the branch rear portion that 2~3cm is done away from is pinched with thumb and forefinger, and branch is reversed 180 ° clockwise, makes branch Xylem is injured and makes branch and trunk be in 50 ° of angles；
5) turn round the tip after every 15 days combine watering each tree apply N, P, K 25~30g of composite fertilizer, continuous fertilization 4~6 times, No longer singly apply urea；
6) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree in below 40cm；
7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation is carried out during；
8) by the end of October in the trench digging application farm manure at 40~50cm of trunk, every mu of 2~3 side's farm manures of application；
(5) manage within the 3rd year after being colonized
1) in rudiment the last week, do not sprouted after carving bud to last year and in do the newly-increased bud in top and carry out carving bud processing, side Method is same as above；
2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 50~60g urea；
3) watering each tree is combined before blooming and applies 50~60g N, P, K composite fertilizer；
4) the first tenday period of a month in May carry out fruit thinning, and 2~3 fruits are stayed depending on each branch of tree body size；
5) mid-June combined watering each tree every 15~18 days and applies N, P, K 50~60g of composite fertilizer, and company applies 2~3 times；
6) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree in below 40cm；
7) growth period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation；
8) picking fruit after fruit maturation；
Preferably, a kind of above-described pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, following yield index can be achieved：
1) the 3rd year every mu of ground yield can reach 2000~3000 jin；
2) the 4th year every mu of ground yield is up to 4000~5000 jin；
3) the 5th year every mu of ground yield is up to 8000~10000 jin.
Preferably, a kind of above-described pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, the plant of step (2) sprout：
1) after orchard is smooth, according to 3m~3.5m line-spacing, deep 80cm, wide 80cm field planting ditch are excavated along North and South direction；
2) the thick agricultural crop straws of 40cm are put into field planting ditch；
3) the thick farm manures of 5~10cm are applied into field planting ditch again；
4) field planting ditch is backfilled to soil equal with ground；
5) poured to field planting ditch permeable, make soil heavy real；
6) it is colonized sprout by 0.75~1m spacing in the rows on field planting ditch；The depth of planting is embedded to below ground 1.5 with root neck ~2.5cm, grafting part more than the 5cm that at least bassets are advisable；
7) poured to field planting ditch permeable；
8) planting ditch soil undetermined is slightly dry, and black mulch film or ground cloth, mulch film or ground cloth edge soil pressure are covered on field planting ditch It is real, so as to improve ground temperature, soil moisture content is kept, management of weeds, promotes root growth.
Preferably, a kind of above-described pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, First Year after step (3) plant Management：
1) stock top is cut at the kind bud tablets top 0.5cm of grafting before germinateing；
2) water is poured within 15~20 days, is continueed to by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content；
3) tender shoots of stock pumping is erased after germinateing in time, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud is sent；
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grow to 20~30cm it is high when, bamboo pole high vertical upper 2m makees supporter, by seedling Wood is good along bamboo pole bondage；
5) branch sprouted on timely limb of erasing, Grafted Variety single-trunk is kept to grow up；
6) the middle ten days in May sprays 300~400mgL to the weak pears seedling for not growing to 20cm length after the sprouting of grafting bud-1's Gibberellins solution, it is every sprinkling in 15~18 days once, continuous to spray 3 times；
7) start to combine watering at the beginning of 6 months, each tree applies 25~30g urea, applies 1 time every 15 days, continuous administration 6 It is secondary, it is ensured that sapling highly reaches 2~3m then, and more than 80% trunk diameter reaches more than 1cm；
8) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree in below 40cm；
9) normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation can be carried out during.
Preferably, a kind of above-described pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, Second Year after step (4) field planting Management：
1) in rudiment the last week, all carried out apart from more than ground 80cm, bud of the trunk diameter in more than 1cm against raw Bud processing is carved, specific method is：With small hacksaw blade above bud at 0.3~0.5cm under leveling saw, as deep as xylem, to saw out A small amount of xylem wood chip is advisable, and bud 30~40 or so is carved in generally processing.；
2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 25g urea；
3) combine watering each tree every 15 days later and apply 25g urea；
4) after early and middle ten dayses in May, when through quarter bud occur branch grow to 30~40cm it is long when, to branch carry out turn round the tip at Reason.Specific practice is that the branch rear portion that 2~3cm is done away from is pinched with thumb and forefinger, and branch is reversed 180 ° clockwise, makes branch Bar xylem is injured and makes branch and trunk be in 50 ° of angles；
5) watering each tree application N, P, K composite fertilizer 25g was combined every 15 days after turning round the tip, continuous fertilization 4 times, is no longer singly applied Urea；
6) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree in below 40cm；
7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation is carried out during；
8) by the end of October in the trench digging application farm manure at 40~50cm of trunk, every mu of 2~3 side's farm manures of application.
Preferably, one of the above pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, manage within the 3rd year after step (5) field planting：
1) in rudiment the last week, do not sprouted after carving bud to last year and in do the newly-increased bud in top and carry out carving bud processing, it is deep Up to xylem and in, dry crude degree is directly proportional；
2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 50g urea；
3) watering each tree is combined before blooming and applies 50g N, P, K composite fertilizer；
4) the first tenday period of a month in May carry out fruit thinning, and 2~3 fruits are stayed depending on each branch of tree body size；
5) mid-June combined watering each tree every 15 days and applies N, P, K composite fertilizer 50g, and company applies 2~3 times；
6) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree in below 40cm；
7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation of normal need is carried out during；
8) picking fruit after fruit maturation；
Beneficial effect:The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art:
Pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method provided by the invention, by experiment screening for many years, with reference to produce reality, use Sprout building well and elongated cylindrical it is tree-like, by technologies such as " carve, turn round, smear " and apply fertilizers scientifically and scientific management methods, can be real Existing theatre is planted then, is shaped within 2 years, is gone into operation within 3 years, 4 years cultivation purposes got bumper crops.Building well cost of the present invention is low, technology is simple, behaviour The property made is strong, and management is easy, and usual 4 years curring times shorten to go into operation for 2 years, usual 4 years and are changed into throwing for 3 years after can pears seedlings be colonized Production, 6 years high yields are changed into getting bumper crops for 4 years；Solve the problems, such as that existing seedlings building well difficulty is big, cost is high, result is late, benefit is slow, have There are significant economic benefit and application value.
Embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.It is however, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that real Apply specific material proportion, process conditions and its result described by example and be merely to illustrate the present invention, without that will not also should limit The present invention described in detail in claims processed.All technologies realized based on the above of the present invention belong to the present invention Scope.
Embodiment 1
A kind of 1. pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of sprout：
Autumn Mo selects more than trunk diameter rugosity 1cm, and buddering, full, main root is flourishing, the annual stalwartness of more than 10, fibrous root, anvil Wood is the bud tablets seedling of birch-leaf pear (bean pear).
(2) sprout is transplanted：
1) after orchard is smooth, according to 3~3.5m line-spacing, deep 80cm, wide 80cm field planting ditch are excavated along North and South direction；
2) the thick agricultural crop straws of 40cm are put into field planting ditch；
3) the thick farm manures of 5~10cm are applied into field planting ditch again；
4) field planting ditch is backfilled to soil equal with ground；
5) poured to field planting ditch permeable, make soil heavy real；
6) it is colonized sprout by 0.75~1m spacing in the rows on field planting ditch；The depth of planting is with root neck embedment below ground 2cm Left and right, grafting part more than the 5cm that at least bassets are advisable；
7) poured to field planting ditch permeable；
8) planting ditch soil undetermined is slightly dry, and black mulch film or ground cloth, mulch film or ground cloth edge soil pressure are covered on field planting ditch It is real, so as to improve ground temperature, soil moisture content is kept, management of weeds, promotes root growth；
(3) First Year management after transplanting
1) stock top is cut at the kind bud tablets top 0.5cm of grafting before germinateing；
2) pour a backwater within about 10 days or so, continue to by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content；
3) tender shoots of stock pumping is erased after germinateing in time, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud is sent；
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grow to 20~30cm it is high when, bamboo pole high vertical upper 2m makees supporter, by seedling Wood is good along bamboo pole bondage；
5) branch sprouted on timely limb of erasing, Grafted Variety single-trunk is kept to grow up；
6) the middle ten days in May sprays 300~400mgL to the thin and delicate young sprout for not growing to 20cm length after the sprouting of grafting bud-1It is red Mycin solution, it is every sprinkling in 15 days once, continuous to spray 3 times；
7) start to combine watering at the beginning of 6 months, each tree applies 25g urea, applies 1 time every 15 days, continuous administration 6 times, really Sapling highly reaches 2~3m to guarantor then, more than 80% trunk diameter reaches more than 1cm；
8) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree below 40cm do not influence sapling growth；
9) normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation is carried out during；
(4) Second Year management after being colonized
1) all carried out apart from more than ground 80cm, bud of the trunk diameter in more than 1cm against raw in rudiment the last week Bud processing is carved, specifically with small hacksaw blade above bud at 0.3~0.5cm under leveling saw, as deep as xylem, to saw out a small amount of wood Matter portion wood chip is advisable, and generally carves bud and handles 30~40；
2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 25g urea；
3) combine watering each tree every 15 days later and apply 25g urea；
4) after early and middle ten dayses in May, when through quarter bud occur branch grow to 30~40cm it is long when, to branch carry out turn round the tip at Reason.Specific practice is that the branch rear portion that 2~3cm is done away from is pinched with thumb and forefinger, and branch is reversed 180 ° clockwise, makes branch Bar xylem is injured and makes branch and trunk be in 50 ° of angles；
5) watering each tree application N, P, K composite fertilizer 25g, continuous fertilization 4 times were combined every 15 days after turning round the tip；
6) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree do not influence sapling up-growth in below 40cm；
7) normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation is carried out during；
8) by the end of October in the trench digging application farm manure at 40~50cm of trunk, every mu of 2~3 side's farm manures of application；
(5) manage within the 3rd year after being colonized
1) do not sprouted after carving bud to last year in rudiment the last week and in do the newly-increased bud in top and carry out carving bud processing, method Ibid；
2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 50g urea；
3) watering each tree is combined before blooming and applies 50gN, P, K composite fertilizer；
4) the first tenday period of a month in May carry out fruit thinning, and 2~3 fruits are stayed depending on each branch of tree body size；
5) mid-June combined watering each tree every 15 days and applies N, P, K composite fertilizer 50g, and company applies 2~3 times；
6) search and repair damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep carrying out without grass weeds in time in row and cradle or rotary tillage, keep row Between natural plant height degree do not influence sapling up-growth in below 40cm；
7) normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation is carried out during；
8) picking fruit after fruit maturation；
(6) yield index
1) the 3rd year every mu of ground yield can reach 2000~3000 jin or so；
2) the 4th year every mu of ground yield is up to 4000~5000 jin；
3) the 5th year every mu of ground yield is up to 8000~10000 jin.
The technical concepts and features of embodiment of above only to illustrate the invention, its object is to allow be familiar with technique People understands present invention and is carried out, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, all real according to spirit of the invention The equivalent change or modification that matter is done, it should all cover within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    (1) selection of sprout：
    Autumn Mo selects more than trunk diameter rugosity 1cm, and buddering, full, main root is flourishing, the annual healthy and strong, stock of more than 10, fibrous root For birch-leaf pear or the bud tablets seedling of bean pear；
    (2) sprout is transplanted：
    1) after field is smooth, according to 3~3.5m line-spacing, deep 80~100cm is excavated along North and South direction, wide 80~100cm's determines Planting ditch；
    2) the thick agricultural crop straws of 40~50cm are put into field planting ditch；
    3) the thick farm manures of 5~10cm are applied into field planting ditch again；
    4) field planting ditch is backfilled to soil equal with ground；
    5) poured to field planting ditch permeable, make soil heavy real；
    6) it is colonized sprout by 0.75~1m spacing in the rows on field planting ditch；First root system is suitably trimmed before field planting, cuts off and hinders root With overstocked fibrous root, the depth of planting is embedded to 1.5~2.5cm of below ground with root neck, and the grafting part 5cm that bassets is advisable；
    7) the backward field planting ditch of cultivation pours permeable；
    8) planting ditch soil undetermined is slightly dry, and black mulch film or ground cloth, mulch film or ground cloth edge soil pressure reality are covered on field planting ditch, from And ground temperature is improved, soil moisture content is kept, management of weeds, promotes root growth；
    (3) First Year management after transplanting
    1) stock top is cut at kind bud tablets 0.5~0.8cm of top of grafting before germinateing；
    2) pour a backwater within every 15~20 days, continue to by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content good；
    3) tender shoots of stock pumping is erased after germinateing in time, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud is sent；
    4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grow to 20~30cm it is high when, bamboo pole high vertical upper 2m makees supporter, by nursery stock edge Bamboo pole bondage is good；
    5) branch sprouted on timely limb of erasing, Grafted Variety single-trunk is kept to grow up；
    6) the middle ten days in May sprays 300~400mgL to the thin and delicate young sprout for not growing to 20cm length after the sprouting of grafting bud-1It is red mould Plain solution, every sprinkling in 15~18 days once, continuously spray 3~4 times；
    7) starting to combine watering at the beginning of 6 months, each tree applies 25~30g urea, is applied 1 time every 15~18 days, continuous administration 5~ 6 times, it is ensured that sapling highly reaches more than 2m then, and more than 80% trunk diameter reaches more than 1cm；
    8) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, without grass in holding row, progress weeds cradle in time or rotary tillage, holding are careless in the ranks Height is in below 40cm；
    9) growth period carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is ensured that sapling health；
    (4) Second Year management after being colonized
    1) in rudiment the last week, all carry out carving at bud apart from more than ground 80cm, bud of the trunk diameter more than 1cm against raw Reason, specific method be with small hacksaw blade above bud at 0.3~0.5cm under leveling saw, it is wooden on a small quantity to saw out as deep as xylem Portion's wood chip is advisable；Carve bud and handle 30~40；
    2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 25~30g urea；
    3) combine watering each tree every 15 days later and apply 25~30g urea；
    4) after mid-May, when through quarter bud occur branch grow to 30~40cm it is long when, to branch carry out turn round the tip processing；Specifically Way is that thumb and forefinger tightly pinch the branch rear portion that 2~3cm is done away from, and branch is reversed 180 ° clockwise, makes branch wooden Matter portion is injured and makes branch and trunk be in 50 ° of angles；
    5) watering each tree application N, P, K 25~30g of composite fertilizer, continuous fertilization 4~6 times were combined every 15 days after turning round the tip；
    6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, without grass in holding row, progress weeds cradle in time or rotary tillage, holding are careless in the ranks Height is in below 40cm；
    7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation is carried out during；
    8) by the end of October in the trench digging application farm manure at 40~50cm of trunk, every mu of 2~3 side's farm manures of application；
    (5) manage within the 3rd year after being colonized
    1) in rudiment the last week, do not sprouted after carving bud to last year and in do the newly-increased bud in top and carry out carving bud processing, method again It is identical with last year；
    2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 50~60g urea；
    3) watering each tree is combined before blooming and applies 50~60g N, P, K composite fertilizer；
    4) the first tenday period of a month in May carry out fruit thinning, and 2~3 fruits are stayed depending on each branch of tree body size；
    5) mid-June combined watering each tree every 15~18 days and applies N, P, K 50~60g of composite fertilizer, and company applies 2~3 times；
    6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, without grass in holding row, progress weeds cradle in time or rotary tillage, holding are careless in the ranks Height is in below 40cm；
    7) growth period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation；
    8) harvested in time after fruit maturation.
  2. A kind of 2. pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
    Early high-yield index is：
    1) the 3rd year every mu of ground yield can reach 2000~3000 jin；
    2) the 4th year every mu of ground yield is up to 4000~5000 jin；
    3) the 5th year every mu of ground yield is up to 8000~10000 jin.
  3. 3. a kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after step (3) plant First Year management：
    1) stock top is cut at kind bud tablets 0.5~0.8cm of top of grafting before germinateing；
    2) pour a water within every 15~20 days, continue to by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content good；
    3) tender shoots of stock pumping is erased after germinateing in time, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud is sent；
    4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grow to 20~30cm it is high when, bamboo pole high vertical upper 2m makees supporter, by nursery stock edge Bamboo pole bondage is good；
    5) branch sprouted on timely limb of erasing, Grafted Variety single-trunk is kept to grow up；
    6) the middle ten days in May sprays 300~400mgL to the thin and delicate young sprout for not growing to 20cm length after the sprouting of grafting bud-1Gibberellin Solution, it is every sprinkling in 15~18 days once, continuous to spray 3 times；
    7) start to combine watering at the beginning of 6 months, each tree applies 25~30g urea, applies 1 time every 15 days, continuous administration 6 times, really Protect sapling and highly reach 2~3m then, more than 80% trunk diameter reaches more than 1cm；
    8) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, without grass in holding row, progress weeds cradle in time or rotary tillage, holding are careless in the ranks Height is in below 40cm；
    9) growth period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation.
  4. 4. a kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after step (4) field planting Second Year management：
    1) in rudiment the last week, all carry out carving at bud apart from more than ground 80cm, bud of the trunk diameter more than 1cm against raw Reason, specific method be with small hacksaw blade above bud at 0.3~0.5cm under leveling saw, it is wooden on a small quantity to saw out as deep as xylem Portion's wood chip is advisable, and bud 30~40 is carved in processing；
    2) carve and pour immediately once after bud permeable, with reference to watering, each tree applies 25~30g urea；
    3) combine watering each tree every 15 days later and apply 25~30g urea；
    4) after mid-May, when through quarter bud occur branch grow to 30~40cm it is long when, to branch carry out turn round the tip processing；Specifically Way is that the branch rear portion that 2~3cm is done away from is pinched with thumb and forefinger, and branch is reversed 180 ° clockwise, makes branch wooden Portion is injured and makes branch and trunk be in 50 ° of angles；
    5) watering each tree application N, P, K 25~30g of composite fertilizer, continuous fertilization 4~6 times were combined every 15 days after turning round the tip；
    6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, without grass in holding row, progress weeds cradle in time or rotary tillage, holding are careless in the ranks Height is in below 40cm；
    7) growth period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation；
    8) by the end of October in the trench digging application farm manure at 40~50cm of trunk, every mu of 2~3 side's farm manures of application.
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CN106342638B (en) * 2016-08-29 2020-05-01 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 Method for strengthening trunk of pear tree in labor-saving tree form
CN106613710B (en) * 2017-01-17 2020-03-17 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Shaping method for long and thin vertical trunk shape of pear tree
CN109618780B (en) * 2018-11-14 2021-09-21 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 Simplified cylindrical pear cultivation method
CN109997541A (en) * 2019-04-15 2019-07-12 .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 A kind of seedling grafting management method
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CN113197010A (en) * 2021-05-21 2021-08-03 李云峰 Pear early-harvest method

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