CN103430803B - Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck - Google Patents
Shaping cultivation method of peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shaping cultivation method of a peach tree shape with three boughs and one center truck. The method concretely comprises the following processes: the height of a stem of the tree shape is determined to be 20-30cm; a leafbud at the top end of the determined stem part germinates young sprouts; the center truck is cultivated to vertically grow upwards; three strong branches or strong buds are selected from the young sprouts germinated on a base part and cultivated into three boughs; small and medium fruiting branch groups are evenly configured at two sides of the boughs; the intervals of the medium branch groups on the boughs are 60-80cm; the intervals of the small branch groups are 20-30cm; the angles between the boughs and the center truck are 60-70 degrees; the height of the center truck is controlled at about 2.2m. Compared with the traditional three-bough natural opening heart tree, the opening of each bough is improved by about 15%; the tree shape is easily formed; a branching group is directly connected to a skeleton branch; pruning is simple and convenient, fruiting is early, management is convenient, and fruit quality is excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dimension stereo agriculture planting method, be specifically related to a kind of peach three major branch one center form form culture methods.
Background technology
Peach: be subordinate to peach and belong to, Prunoideae, Rosales, Dicotyledoneae, the Angiospermae of spermatophyta, vegetative kingdom.Originating in NORTHWEST CHINA area, is one of the most ancient fruit tree of China.The defoliation small arbor of a kind of fruit as fruit, delicious flavour, nutritious, be one of fresh fruit of liking the most of people.Except eating raw, also can be processed into the dry and peach can of preserved peach, peach butter, peach juice, peach.The a lot of parts of peach also have medical value, and its root, leaf, flower, benevolence can be used as medicine, and have cough-relieving, invigorate blood circulation, the function such as defaecation, and peach kernel oil content 45%, can squeeze iundustrial oil, and peach-pit duricrust can preparing active carbon, is the multiduty raw material of industry.Main Economic cultivation area in North China, East China each province, exceeded 1,069 ten thousand mu according to statistics whole nation area under cultivation in 2011, produce 8,030,000 tons, peach, account for respectively 47%, 46% of the world, rank first in the world.Peach have result early, high yield stability is good, soil condition is required not too strict, the feature such as cultivation management is easy.Compare with other deciduous fruit trees such as cultivating apple, pears, can more easily obtain sooner economic benefit, be therefore subject to especially grower's favor.Peach fruit price in the international market often exceeds 1～2 times of apple, and economic benefit is very considerable.From now on along with the development of national economy, the raising of living standards of the people, the improvement of storage and transportation equipment and technology, the price of peach fruit and economic benefit can rise year by year.
That produces at present upper peach is tree-likely generally two major branches, three major branches, naturally happy type, dredges layer shape etc.But the tree-like moulding of said method is slow, and method is more loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of peach three major branch one center form form culture methods.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
Tree-like and the shaping methods of a kind of peach three major branch one center forms, comprises the following steps:
First Year: select full bud surely dry after seedling planting, heading height 20～30cm, determine top, cadre position leaf bud and sprouts the dry upright growth of young sprout Culture Center, until the dry 20cm that grows in center, when above, the bamboo pole of a slotting vertical ground, will be fixed on bamboo pole, the young sprout that after fixed dry, trunk base portion is sprouted select and remain 3 vigorous branches or strong bud, cultivate into 3 major branches, 120 ° of horizontal sextant angles between major branch, major branch grows to 20cm, with bamboo pole bondage gently, the angle that makes major branch and central backbone is 60～70 degree, center is dry to be grown into after certain altitude, the side shoot sending on it is selected and remain one every 10～15cm, note the side shoot in each orientation of selecting and remain, the dry prosperous branch in the center that removes in time and thin and delicate branch, center is done from trunk 50cm and is not stayed below side shoot, to the side shoot of selecting and remain, turn round and draw downwards with hand, make it change direction, be with ground level state and grow, in the extension process of major branch, the side shoot sending on major branch stays one every 20cm, and by side shoot the both sides tractive to major branch, keep side shoot and major branch to distribute in vertical state, the back branch sending on major branch to be wiped out or be evened up to both sides and grow, when winter pruning, the dry elongated shoot in center stays golden mean of the Confucian school branch to take the lead, major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, removes the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, and major branch prolongation end of the branch is not cut and cut, what major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place,
Second Year: the dry elongated shoot in center carries out pinching while growing into 2.2m left and right, the elongated shoot of major branch continues elongation growth, branch on center is dry utilizes its result, branch on the weak side, sick branch that the dry upper length in Dong Jianshijiang center is greater than 70cm, water sprout with sublateral shoot and is less than 30cm all remove, retain small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster and the length unijunction fruit branch at 50～70cm, 13～15 side shoots of selecting and remain on General Central is dry; The season of growth, on major branch, do not cultivate the large-scale branch of back group, bud picking when length is lower than 15cm in early days of the water sprout of major branch back, if grown to certain altitude, can wipe out from base portion, also can carry out pinching processing repeatedly, cultivate into small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prevent from limb day from burning for major branch keeps the sun off, in major branch, bottom, cultivate medium-sized branch group; Small-sized branch group and tiltedly raw unijunction fruit branch are cultivated in tree crown top and periphery, branch group should be to major branch both sides splayed and distributes and develop, medium-sized branch group interval 60～80cm on major branch when winter cuts, small-sized branch group interval 20～30cm, unijunction fruit branch interval 10～15cm, the tree-like and shaping of peach three major branch one center forms completes substantially.Also comprise: the 3rd year: branch or the fruit bearing shoot head that falls a little less than dry top, center is selected 2～3, fruit bearing shoot cutting back on center is dry, after general retraction, retain 30～40cm length, after rudiment young sprout, retain front end branch and continue elongation growth, and turn round to draw and make it to be horizontal growth, the branch pinching control that sprout major branch rear end, make it form interim fruit spur, note cultivating unijunction fruit branch on major branch simultaneously, when winter cuts major branch taperingness little and keep apical dominance remove the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, major branch end of the branch is not cut and is cut, allow it continue elongation growth, major branch elongated shoot angle too small, when cutting, select healthy and strong behind branch to change a spreading angle in the winter, winter cuts the renewal that bounces back of medium-sized branch group, small-sized branch group on major branch.
Also comprise: soil melioration technology: ditching-fertilizing improvement soil year by year, after field planting every year in conjunction with autumn basal dressing in field planting ditch both sides year by year rotation turn over to extending out ditch depth, in ditch, layering mixing applies straw, cow dung, calcium magnesium phosphorus and potassium sulfate, mu is executed straw 1000kg, chicken manure 1000～1200kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40～50kg, potassium sulfate 15～20kg, apply fertilizer by excavation, create adapt circumstance to root growth, the shoot growth stalwartness of plant, blade face assimilation is strengthened, and is conducive to the raising of bud formation and output.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with these three tree-like with traditional major branch natural open centre shapes are tree-like, its major branch aperture improves 15% left and right; Be shaped easily, direct a raw branch group on skeleton branch, prunes easy, result morning, convenient management, fruit quality excellent.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention one comprises:
The enforcement time: 2010～2013
Implement place: white rabbit town, Jurong City of Jiangsu Province Bai Zhishan Ecological Orchard
(1), implement instantiation:
Select kind: day white phoenix in river, a good Ji.
(2) implementation method:
Comprise:
(1) field is selected: select soil layer loose deep, the soil that the content of organic matter is high.Appropriate pH value 5.5～7.5.
(2) dig field planting ditch: the field planting ditch that excavates wide 80cm, dark 40cm in field planting row.First insert 1000kg～1500kg straw or weeds for every mu, insert after straw or weeds, cover the native 10cm of table left and right, more every mu execute organic base manure 1500～2000kg, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50～75kg such as chicken manure, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20～30kg mixes with native, the having peace of mind while filling out.Banket to overhead approximately when 5～10cm, cover subsoil and pile higher than the high field planting row that is full shape in low centre, face 15～20cm both sides, ridge.
(3) field planting:
Mid-February, spacing in the rows was 5m to early March field planting, and line-spacing is 5m.Select day white phoenix in river, daybreak, good Ji nursery stock, require peach seedling stalwartness, branch is healthy and strong, trunk is clear and definite, well developed root system is and complete, and main root reaches 30cm, has more lateral root and fibrous root, root system is without splitting, the bud with complete stalwartness, nursery stock has no mechanical damage, without damage by disease and insect, not dehydration, possesses exuberant vitality.700 times of liquid disinfectants of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder for root system before field planting, 3 Baume degrees～5 Baume degrees lime sulfur sterilizations for stem.
Shoot root is placed on to field planting row field planting point upper, nursery stock is held up directly.Make root in order rear earthing steady and sure, conventionally earthing to grafting mouth,, select full bud surely dry, heading height 20～30cm.Water permeablely, use black plastic mulching, water conservation moisturizing in root week.
(4) irrigate
When water capacity is lower than 15%～20% time, must pour water.Can adopt the methods such as pouring, the short stream of tubule, drip irrigation.Watering time is mainly in the time of budding period, Fruit and Drought in Autumn.
(5) pruning
First Year: select full bud surely dry after seedling planting, heading height 20～30cm, determine top, cadre position leaf bud and sprouts the dry upright growth of young sprout Culture Center, until the dry 20cm that grows in center, when above, the bamboo pole of a slotting vertical ground, will be fixed on bamboo pole; The young sprout that after fixed dry, trunk base portion is sprouted select and remain 3 vigorous branches or strong bud, cultivate into 3 major branches, 120 ° of horizontal sextant angles between major branch, and major branch grows to 20cm, and with bamboo pole bondage gently, the angle that makes major branch and central backbone is 60～70 to spend.Center is dry to be grown into after certain altitude, the side shoot sending on it is selected and remain one every 10～15cm, note the side shoot in each orientation of selecting and remain, the dry prosperous branch in the center that removes in time and thin and delicate branch, center is done from trunk 50cm and is not stayed below side shoot, to the side shoot of selecting and remain, turns round and draws downwards with hand, make it change direction, be with ground level state and grow.In the extension process of major branch, the side shoot sending on major branch stays one every 20cm, and by side shoot the both sides tractive to major branch, keep side shoot and major branch to distribute in vertical state, the back branch sending on major branch to be wiped out or be evened up to both sides and grow.When winter pruning, the dry elongated shoot in center stays golden mean of the Confucian school branch to take the lead; Major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, removes the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, and major branch prolongation end of the branch is not cut and cut; What major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place.
Second Year: the dry elongated shoot in center carries out pinching while growing into 2.2m left and right, the elongated shoot of major branch continues elongation growth, and the branch on center is dry utilizes its result as far as possible.Branch on the weak side, sick branch that the dry upper length in Dong Jianshijiang center is greater than 70cm, water sprout with sublateral shoot and is less than 30cm all remove, and retain small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster and the length unijunction fruit branch at 50～70cm, 13～15 side shoots of selecting and remain on General Central is dry; The season of growth, on major branch, do not cultivate the large-scale branch of back group, bud picking when length is lower than 15cm in early days of the water sprout of major branch back, if grown to certain altitude, can wipe out from base portion, also can carry out pinching processing repeatedly, cultivate into small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prevent from limb day from burning for major branch keeps the sun off.In major branch, bottom, cultivate medium-sized branch group; Small-sized branch group and tiltedly raw unijunction fruit branch are cultivated in tree crown top and periphery, and branch group should be to major branch both sides splayed and distributes and develop, medium-sized branch group interval 60～80cm on major branch when the winter cuts, small-sized branch group interval 20～30cm, unijunction fruit branch interval 10～15cm.Tree-like and the shaping of peach three major branch one center forms completes substantially.
The 3rd year: branch or the fruit bearing shoot head that falls a little less than dry top, center is selected 2～3, fruit bearing shoot cutting back on center is dry, after general retraction, retain 30～40cm length, after rudiment young sprout, retain front end branch and continue elongation growth, and turn round to draw and make it to be horizontal growth, the branch pinching control that sprout major branch rear end, make it form interim fruit spur, note cultivating unijunction fruit branch on major branch simultaneously.When winter cuts major branch taperingness little and keep apical dominance remove the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, major branch end of the branch is not cut and is cut, and allows it continue elongation growth; Major branch elongated shoot angle too small, when cutting, select healthy and strong behind branch to change a spreading angle in the winter; Winter cuts the renewal that bounces back of medium-sized branch group, small-sized branch group on major branch.
(6) fruit thinning
After full-bloom stage between 5～15 days, removing give birth to intensive, hypogenetic fruit.After Sheng is spent, 25～35 are preordained really, mainly remove the not good fruitlet of setting fruit position, sick fruit, wormed fruit, malformed fruit, mechanical damage fruit.General long fruit branch stays 2 of fruits; Medium fruit branch stays 1 of fruit; Fruit spur stays 1 or do not stay.
(7) bagging
Bagging has good effect to steady production, raising fruit marketability.After fruit thinning finishes, before bagging, with an insecticidal bactericide, in bagging mid-May, adopt white paper bag or the white paper bag with printed words or decorative pattern.
(8) gather
Gather and appropriate to the occasionly gently adopt and put down gently, live fruit with hand rest and slightly reverse, take along fruit branch side top.Fruit will be gathered according to mature condition in batches.Bamboo, cane basket or plastic crate for fruit picking, basket or plastic crate are unsuitable excessive, the pad piece of sack or blank sheet of paper in basket or plastic crate.Fruit is put 1～2 layer in basket or plastic crate.
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest
The disease of harm peach mainly contains leaf-curl, bacillary shothole disease, peach brown rot, shot hole, anthracnose etc.; Major Pests has: aphid, dichocrocis punctiferalis, oriental fruit moth, scale insect, two spotted spider mite, chafer, tea wing stinkbug, pink neck longicorn etc.Adopt the method for integrated control for these sick worms, Qing Gengquan in winter garden, in season of growth garden, sward cultivation increases natural enemy quantity.Lime sulfur with 3～5 degree before early and middle ten days rudiment in March sprays, and extraordinarily extraordinarily 2000 times of liquid mixing sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid of 70% thiophanate methyl 600 of 20% Yekuzuo 1000 for Zhan Yehou, prevent and treat leaf-curl, bacillary shothole disease and aphid.Add 4.5% 1000 times of beta-cypermethrins or 48% happy these 1000 times of liquid at young fruit expanding stage with 10% generation high 2000 times or 6000 times of liquid of 40% lucky star and mix and use, sprayed once the sick worm harm of basic controlling every 10～15 days.
(10) soil melioration technology
In order to obtain high grade producing, need improve soil, increase soil fertility.Ditching-fertilizing improvement soil year by year, after field planting every year in conjunction with autumn basal dressing in field planting ditch both sides year by year rotation turn over to extending out ditch depth, in ditch, layering mixing applies the organic substances such as straw, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and mu is executed straw 1000kg, fertilizer 1000～1200kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40～50kg, potassium sulfate 15～20kg.Apply fertilizer by excavation, create adapt circumstance to root growth, the shoot growth stalwartness of plant, blade face assimilation is strengthened, and is conducive to the raising of bud formation and output.
(3) implementation result
By conventional cultivation three major branches naturally happily the peach of type (seeding row spacing is 5 × 5m) compare.Table 1 finds out, the peach of this planting type cultivation has inapparent difference with the peach phenophase of conventional cultivation, and the peach phenophase summary of this cultivation method cultivation is early than routine.
Table 1: peach phenophase application form
As shown in Table 2, the peach of cultivating under this cultivation method is apparently higher than routine in the rugosity in single fruit weight, soluble solid content and root footpath, and this cultivation method can fully effectively utilize luminous energy as seen, promotes plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
Table 2: habit of growth information slip (2013, life in 4 years)
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. peach three major branch one center form form culture methods, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
First Year: select full bud surely dry after seedling planting, heading height 20～30cm, determine top, cadre position leaf bud and sprouts the dry upright growth of young sprout Culture Center, until the dry 20cm that grows in center, when above, the bamboo pole of a slotting vertical ground, is fixed on bamboo pole, the young sprout that after fixed dry, trunk base portion is sprouted select and remain 3 vigorous branches or strong bud, cultivate into 3 major branches, 120 ° of horizontal sextant angles between major branch, major branch grows to 20cm, with bamboo pole bondage gently, the angle that makes major branch and central backbone is 60～70 degree, center is dry to be grown into after certain altitude, the side shoot sending on it is selected and remain one every 10～15cm, note the side shoot in each orientation of selecting and remain, the dry prosperous branch in the center that removes in time and thin and delicate branch, center is done from trunk 50cm and is not stayed below side shoot, to the side shoot of selecting and remain, turn round and draw downwards with hand, make it change direction, be with ground level state and grow, in the extension process of major branch, the side shoot sending on major branch stays one every 20cm, and by side shoot the both sides tractive to major branch, keep side shoot and major branch to distribute in vertical state, the back branch sending on major branch to be wiped out or be evened up to both sides and grow, when winter pruning, the dry elongated shoot in center stays golden mean of the Confucian school branch to take the lead, major branch elongated shoot taperingness is little, removes the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, and major branch prolongation end of the branch is not cut and cut, what major branch elongated shoot taperingness was large is compressed to healthy and strong sublateral shoot place,
Second Year: the dry elongated shoot in center carries out pinching while growing into 2.2m left and right, the elongated shoot of major branch continues elongation growth, branch on center is dry utilizes its result, branch on the weak side, sick branch that the dry upper length in Dong Jianshijiang center is greater than 70cm, water sprout with sublateral shoot and is less than 30cm all remove, retain small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster and the length unijunction fruit branch at 50～70cm, 13～15 side shoots of selecting and remain on General Central is dry; The season of growth, on major branch, do not cultivate the large-scale branch of back group, bud picking when length is lower than 15cm in early days of the water sprout of major branch back, if grown to certain altitude, can wipe out from base portion, also can carry out pinching processing repeatedly, cultivate into small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, prevent from limb day from burning for major branch keeps the sun off, in major branch, bottom, cultivate medium-sized branch group; Small-sized branch group and tiltedly raw unijunction fruit branch are cultivated in tree crown top and periphery, branch group should be to major branch both sides splayed and distributes and develop, medium-sized branch group interval 60～80cm on major branch when winter cuts, small-sized branch group interval 20～30cm, unijunction fruit branch interval 10～15cm, the tree-like and shaping of peach three major branch one center forms completes substantially.
2. a kind of peach three major branch one center form form culture methods as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising: the 3rd year: branch or the fruit bearing shoot head that falls a little less than dry top, center is selected 2～3, fruit bearing shoot cutting back on center is dry, after general retraction, retain 30～40cm length, after rudiment young sprout, retain front end branch and continue elongation growth, and turn round to draw and make it to be horizontal growth, the branch pinching control that sprout major branch rear end, make it form interim fruit spur, note cultivating unijunction fruit branch on major branch simultaneously, when winter cuts major branch taperingness little and keep apical dominance remove the prosperous tip in top and major branch elongated shoot competitive branch, major branch end of the branch is not cut and is cut, allow it continue elongation growth, major branch elongated shoot angle too small, when cutting, select healthy and strong behind branch to change a spreading angle in the winter, winter cuts the renewal that bounces back of medium-sized branch group, small-sized branch group on major branch.
3. a kind of peach three major branch one center form form culture methods as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising: soil melioration technology: ditching-fertilizing improvement soil year by year, after field planting every year in conjunction with autumn basal dressing in field planting ditch both sides year by year rotation turn over to extending out ditch depth, in ditch, layering mixing applies straw, cow dung, calcium magnesium phosphorus and potassium sulfate, mu is executed straw 1000kg, chicken manure 1000～1200kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40～50kg, potassium sulfate 15～20kg, apply fertilizer by excavation, create adapt circumstance to root growth, the shoot growth stalwartness of plant, blade face assimilation is strengthened, be conducive to the raising of bud formation and output.
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| CN102715056A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-10 | 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 | Method for shaping and pruning open center-shaped peach tree with three main branches |
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2013
- 2013-09-04 CN CN201310395037.4A patent/CN103430803B/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107683715A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-02-13 | 淮南市祝利生态园林有限公司 | A kind of method of peach shaping and trimming |
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