CN107691074B - Method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds - Google Patents
Method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds Download PDFInfo
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- CN107691074B CN107691074B CN201711002256.6A CN201711002256A CN107691074B CN 107691074 B CN107691074 B CN 107691074B CN 201711002256 A CN201711002256 A CN 201711002256A CN 107691074 B CN107691074 B CN 107691074B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds, which comprises comprehensive measures of selecting dwarf stocks, reasonably pruning and shaping, covering grass on tree crowns and covering films, reasonably managing fertilizer and water, preventing and controlling diseases and pests in time, properly chemically regulating and controlling and the like, so that early differentiation of the flower buds is promoted, the flower buds are well protected to grow, and cherries are enabled to bear fruits early and yield early. The concrete measures mainly comprise: selecting dwarf stocks; planting two-year-old seedlings, selecting an improved spindle-shaped tree form, promoting main branches by bud carving and bud picking, promoting flower bud differentiation by bud carving, pinching and branch pulling on the main branches, and regulating and controlling the branch-to-trunk ratio by controlling branch pulling angles; covering grass and mulching under the tree crown, keeping the ground temperature and supplementing nutrition; cleaning the garden in 3 months, and spraying 3-5 Baume lime sulphur mixture before germination; preventing and treating the damage of the oriental fruit moth in 6-7 months; preventing bacterial perforation and brown spot in 7-8 months, preventing leaf roller and moth, preventing early leaf drop, and storing sufficient nutrients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of large cherry cultivation, in particular to a technical system for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds.
Background
The large cherry is native to the Caribbean sea of West Indian Islands in tropical America, and is called as West Indian cherry or large cherry or sweet cherry. Is suitable for growing in tropical and subtropical areas with abundant rainfall, sufficient sunshine and proper temperature, is famous for the world as being rich in vitamin C, and is a world-recognized king of natural VC and a life fruit. Twigs are grayish brown, twigs are green and have no hair or are thinned and molted, and winter buds are oval and have no hair. The cherry is not barren, has poor waterlogging resistance, is afraid of drought, is not prone to strong wind, is early in flowering phase, is easy to freeze, is low in management labor, investment cost and economic benefit, and is suitable for cultivation in Shandong, Liaoning, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei and the like. Since large cherries form flower buds in the last year, flowers and fruits in the second year, and the amount of the flower buds formed in the last year, the differentiation quality of the flower buds influences the yield of cherries in the next year. However, fruit growers often neglect management in the last year of flower bud differentiation and lack a systematic matching technical system, so that cherry flower buds are formed in small quantity and poor in quality, and the phenomenon that the flower quantity is small in the second year or half of a full tree is caused, and therefore a set of technical system for promoting large cherry flower bud differentiation and ensuring flower bud differentiation quality is researched.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a set of technical system for promoting the differentiation of large cherry flower buds and ensuring the quality of the flower buds so as to solve the problems of low flower bud differentiation rate, small fruiting amount and low yield of large cherry trees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a technical system for promoting the differentiation and the development of large cherry flower buds is suitable for a cherry garden taking Meizao, Brukas and Samituso as main cultivars, and specifically comprises the following cultivation techniques:
(1) selecting rootstocks, and selecting dwarf rootstocks such as Gisela No. 5 and Gisela No. 6; or half dwarfing rootstock and the like, so as to be beneficial to regulating and controlling the flower bud differentiation of the saplings and entering fruit early.
(2) The tree form selection and trimming technology adopts an improved spindle-shaped or fine spindle-shaped tree form. Planting 2-year-old seedlings with the height of more than 2 m, culturing enough main branches in the first year after planting by combining main stem carved buds and picking buds, and striving for about 15 branches formed in the current year; opening the angle in time, using a toothpick or a branch puller to help open the base angle before the branches are hardened in spring, pulling the branches to 90 degrees in autumn, and pulling the strong branches to 110 degrees; continuously cutting buds of the trunk in the second year, culturing upper main branches and supplementing lower branches; and bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches by carrying out interval bud carving on the lateral buds and the bottom buds. 7-8 leaves are reserved for pinching when the back upper branch grows to be about 10 centimeters, then the back upper branch grows to be picked again, the formation of flower buds is promoted, the pinching is carried out when the side branch grows to be about 15 centimeters, and the formation of long bearing branches is promoted; and (3) carrying out opening angle and branch pulling treatment on the main branches in the second year, spraying PBO (para-phenylene benzobisoxazole) which is about 200 times of the main branches in the second year for proper control, and promoting bud formation, wherein the spraying time is in the middle and late 5 months.
(3) Covering grass and covering film, and uniformly spreading the grass under the tree crown after rain or irrigation. After fertilization and watering in spring, plastic films are covered under the tree trays.
(4) And (3) water management, namely, water can not be lacked in the differentiation period of the sprouting flower buds, but the sprouting period can not be flooded by large water, the watering amount is small, and the degree of the water passing through the dry ground skin is taken as the degree for promoting the differentiation of the flower buds.
(5) Fertilizing management, namely applying enough base fertilizer to the cherries, applying the base fertilizer early, generally applying the base fertilizer before the end of 9 months every year so as to be beneficial to the development and absorption of new roots in the current year, storing enough nutrition and ensuring the differentiation requirement of flower buds in the next year;
and (3) applying a compound fertilizer before germination, requiring the most phosphate fertilizer in the flower bud differentiation period, and promoting flower bud differentiation and development by applying phosphate fertilizer in soil and supplementing monopotassium phosphate to leaf surfaces. The trees entering the fruiting period need heavy phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the flower bud differentiation period, and flower bud differentiation is promoted on the premise of ensuring fruit growth; after fruits are harvested, additional fertilizer for the confinement is applied in time, and the bio-organic fertilizer is mainly used; timely topdressing the roots, spraying the mixed solution of 0.3 percent of urea, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of borax and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate in the full-bloom stage to promote the fruit development and flower bud differentiation.
(6) And (3) preventing diseases and pests, clearing the garden in 3 months, and ditching and burying weeds, fallen leaves and the like on the ground underground to eliminate overwintering disease and pest bacteria sources. Before germination, spraying 3-5 degrees of lime-sulfur mixture, preventing and controlling diseases, and preventing and controlling the damage of Grapholitha molesta Busck in 6-7 months; preventing bacterial perforation and brown spot in 7-8 months, preventing early leaf drop, promoting nutrition storage in the same year, and facilitating flower bud differentiation in the next year.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for promoting cherry germination and differentiation, dwarfing stocks, spindle tree shapes, 2-year-old seedlings are planted, the growth and flower promotion are realized through measures such as bud carving, branch pulling and pinching, the storage nutrients are enhanced through reasonable fertilizer and water management and timely pest and disease prevention, the flower bud differentiation and development are promoted, the low temperature is guaranteed through grass covering and film covering, the nutrients are supplemented, the flower buds are promoted, and meanwhile, fertilizer and water is sprayed after fruit picking, so that the method is beneficial to fruit tree nutrition accumulation, the tree body is recovered, the later period of convenience is brought for germination, differentiation and development, the germination, differentiation and the development quality of cherry trees are effectively improved through the design, and the yield of the cherry trees is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a technical system for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds specifically comprises the following cultivation methods:
the invention aims to provide a technical system for promoting cherry germination and differentiation and ensuring flower bud quality so as to solve the problems of low cherry germination and differentiation rate, few fruits and low yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the technology is suitable for cherry gardens taking large cherries such as Megasus, Brukes, Samidosa and the like as main cultivated varieties, and specifically comprises the following cultivation methods:
(1) selecting rootstocks, and selecting dwarf rootstocks such as Gisela No. 5 and Gisela No. 6; or half dwarfing rootstock and the like, so as to be beneficial to regulating and controlling flower bud differentiation of the saplings and entering fruit early;
(2) and (4) selecting and pruning tree forms, and selecting improved spindle-shaped or fine spindle-shaped tree forms. Planting 2-year-old seedlings with the height of more than 2 m, culturing enough main branches in the first year after planting by combining main stem carved buds and ground buds, and striving for the number of formed branches to be about 15; opening the base angle in time, using a toothpick or a branch puller to help to open the base angle, pulling the branch to 90 degrees in autumn, and pulling the strong branch to 110 degrees; continuously cutting buds of the trunk in the second year, culturing upper main branches and supplementing lower branches; and bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches by carrying out interval bud carving on the lateral buds and the bottom buds. 7-8 leaves are kept for pinching when the back upper branch grows to be about 10 centimeters, then the back upper branch grows to be picked again, the formation of flower buds is promoted, the pinching is carried out when the side branch grows to be 15 centimeters, and the formation of long bearing branches is promoted; the current-year main branches are also subjected to opening angle and branch pulling treatment, the excessive-blooming trees are appropriately controlled by spraying PBO about 200 times, flower bud formation is promoted, and the spraying time is in the middle and late ten days of 5 months.
During pruning, a light path is opened, over-dense branches and over-vigorous branches are thinned, medium branches and weak branches are slowly placed, leaf cluster branches are promoted, pinching is carried out during growth of new shoots, when fruiting branch groups are cultured on two sides of bone stem branches, medium branches and weak branches can be cut again, new shoots are pinched after the branches are grown, the strong branches are cultured to be sparse fruiting branch groups, after the medium branches and the weak branches are slowly placed, single-axis extension fruiting branch groups can be cultured, and after a large number of fruits are grown in a full bearing period, slight shrinkage is carried out on 2-3 years pruning branch sections of the tips of the bone stem branches and the fruiting branch groups.
(3) Straw-covering film
The grass is uniformly scattered under the tree crown after rain or irrigation. After fertilization and watering are carried out in spring, a plastic film is covered under the tree tray, the thickness of covering grass is preferably 20-25 cm, the grass is supplemented in time after rotting, soil is pressed on the grass, and the grass is not turned into the ground.
The grass is uniformly scattered under the tree crown after rain or irrigation. After fertilization and watering in spring, plastic films are covered under the tree trays.
(4) Moisture management
The flower bud differentiation period can not lack water, but can not be flooded with large water, the irrigation amount is small, the degree of the 'water passing through the ground skin' is taken as the degree to promote the flower bud differentiation, the watering modes comprise flooding irrigation, furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and the like, the drip irrigation technology is adopted as much as possible, the fruit trees are watered according to the water requirement, the water and fertilizer integration technology is carried out as much as possible, and the accumulated water is timely drained in 6-8 months.
(5) Fertilization management
The cherry is applied with enough base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is preferably applied early, and the base fertilizer is generally applied before the end of 9 months every year, so that the cherry is beneficial to the development and absorption of new roots in the same year, sufficient nutrition is stored, and the differentiation requirement of flower buds in the next year is ensured. The best fermented cattle and sheep manure is 2-3 ten thousand jin per mu.
Applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced compound fertilizer before germination, applying high-phosphorus compound fertilizer in flower bud differentiation period, and promoting flower bud differentiation and development by applying phosphate fertilizer in soil and supplementing potassium dihydrogen phosphate to leaf surface. The trees entering the fruiting period need heavy phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the flower bud differentiation period, and flower bud differentiation is promoted on the premise of ensuring fruit growth; and (3) timely applying a fertilizer for the confinement after fruit harvesting, and mainly using a biological organic fertilizer.
Timely topdressing the roots, such as spraying the mixed solution of 0.3 percent of urea, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of borax and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate in the full-bloom stage, to promote the fruit development and flower bud differentiation.
During the growing period, the concentrated hole application can be carried out in the radioactive ray furrow application, the fertilizer can be supplemented after the fruit picking, 0.135% of gibberellin, 0.0006% of indoleacetic acid and 1.0% of manganese, zinc, molybdenum and boron can be sprayed on the leaf surfaces before germination, and the types of the supplementary fertilizer are mainly quick-acting fertilizers, such as decomposed human excrement, bean cakes and chemical fertilizers. The fertilizing amount can be determined according to the age of the tree, the size of the crown and the fruiting amount, and can also be sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
(6) Disease and pest control
And 3 months, cleaning the garden, and burying furrows, such as weeds, fallen leaves and the like on the ground underground to eliminate overwintering disease and pest bacteria sources. Before germination, spraying lime sulphur mixture of 3-5 degree, preventing diseases and controlling pests; preventing and treating the damage of the oriental fruit moth in 6-7 months; preventing bacterial perforation and brown spot in 7-8 months, preventing early leaf drop, promoting nutrition storage in the same year, and facilitating flower bud differentiation in the next year.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds is characterized in that: the cherry variety is a cherry garden taking Meizao, Brukes and Samituo as main cultivars, and the cherry orchard specifically comprises the following cultivation methods:
(1) selecting a stock, namely selecting a dwarfing stock or a semi-dwarfing stock, wherein the dwarfing stock is Gisela No. 5 or Gisela No. 6; the semi-dwarf stock is cote, so as to be beneficial to regulating and controlling flower bud differentiation of the saplings and to enter fruiting in advance;
(2) pruning tree forms, namely selecting improved spindle-shaped or fine spindle-shaped tree forms; planting 2-year-old seedlings with the height of more than 2 m, and cultivating enough main branches in the first year after planting by combining main stem carved buds and bud picking to strive for forming 15 branches; opening the base angle in time, using a toothpick or a branch puller to help open the base angle, and pulling the branch to 90 degrees in autumn; continuously cutting buds of the trunk in the second year, culturing upper main branches and supplementing lower branches; and bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches by carrying out interval bud carving on the lateral buds and the bottom buds; pinching the buds on the back when the buds grow to 10 centimeters, then pinching again to promote the formation of flower buds, pinching the side branches when the side branches grow to 15 centimeters, and promoting the formation of long bearing branches; carrying out opening angle and branch pulling treatment on the current-year main branches, spraying 200 times of PBO on the over-vigorous trees for proper control, and promoting bud formation, wherein the spraying time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months;
(3) straw-covering film
Uniformly spreading the grass under the tree crown after rain or irrigation; after fertilizing and watering in spring, covering a plastic film under the tree tray;
(4) moisture management
The water can not be lack in the differentiation period of the sprouting flower buds, but the sprouting flower buds can not be irrigated by large water in a flooding way, the irrigation amount is small, and the degree of 'water passing through the dry ground skin' is taken as the degree to promote the differentiation of the flower buds;
(5) fertilization management
Sufficient base fertilizer is applied to the cherries, the base fertilizer is preferably applied early, and the base fertilizer is generally applied before the end of 9 months every year so as to be beneficial to the development and absorption of new roots in the same year, store enough nutrition and ensure the differentiation requirement of flower buds in the next year;
applying a compound fertilizer before germination, requiring the most phosphate fertilizer in the flower bud differentiation period, and promoting flower bud differentiation and development by applying phosphate fertilizer in soil and supplementing monopotassium phosphate to leaf surfaces; the trees entering the fruiting period need heavy phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the flower bud differentiation period, and flower bud differentiation is promoted on the premise of ensuring fruit growth;
after fruits are harvested, additional fertilizer for the confinement is applied in time, and the bio-organic fertilizer is mainly used;
timely topdressing the roots, spraying a mixed solution of 0.3 percent of urea, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of borax and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate in the full-bloom stage to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation;
(6) disease and pest control
3, clearing the garden in 3 months, ditching and burying weeds, fallen leaves and the like on the ground underground to eliminate overwintering disease and pest bacteria sources; before germination, spraying 3-5 degrees of lime-sulfur mixture, preventing and controlling diseases, and preventing and controlling the damage of Grapholitha molesta Busck in 6-7 months; preventing bacterial perforation and brown spot in 7-8 months, preventing early leaf drop, promoting the nutrition storage in the same year, and facilitating the flower bud differentiation in the next year;
when the tree form is pruned, removing excessive dense branches and excessive vigorous branches, slowly releasing medium branches and weak branches, promoting growth of leaf clumps, pinching during growth of new shoots, when fruiting branch groups are cultured on two sides of bone trunk branches, heavily cutting the medium strong branches, pinching the new shoots after branching, culturing into sparse fruiting branch groups, culturing into uniaxial extension fruiting branch groups after the medium branches and the weak branches are slowly released, and after a large number of fruits are grown in the full bearing period, slightly shrinking and shearing at 2-3 years of the growing branch sections of the tip of the bone trunk branches and the fruiting branch groups;
the thickness of the grass covering is 20-25 cm, the grass is timely supplemented after rotting, soil is pressed on the grass, and the grass is not turned into the ground.
2. The method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry blossom buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the watering mode comprises flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation, and attention is paid to timely dredging accumulated water in 6-8 months.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108738978A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 申琳 | A method of improving cherry fruit-setting rate |
| CN111011087A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-17 | 北京三润泰克国际农业科技有限公司 | Large cherry planting method |
| CN111713326A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-29 | 金正生物化工有限公司 | Cherry cultivation high-quality high-yield fertilization method |
| CN111887090A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-06 | 江苏润道生态农业科技有限公司 | Chemical control method for early formation of high-yield tree form of large cherry |
| CN113348955A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-07 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Early-maturing cultivation method for sweet cherries in south China |
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