CN107691074B - A method for promoting flower bud differentiation and development of large cherry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds, which comprises comprehensive measures of selecting dwarf stocks, reasonably pruning and shaping, covering grass on tree crowns and covering films, reasonably managing fertilizer and water, preventing and controlling diseases and pests in time, properly chemically regulating and controlling and the like, so that early differentiation of the flower buds is promoted, the flower buds are well protected to grow, and cherries are enabled to bear fruits early and yield early. The concrete measures mainly comprise: selecting dwarf stocks; planting two-year-old seedlings, selecting an improved spindle-shaped tree form, promoting main branches by bud carving and bud picking, promoting flower bud differentiation by bud carving, pinching and branch pulling on the main branches, and regulating and controlling the branch-to-trunk ratio by controlling branch pulling angles; covering grass and mulching under the tree crown, keeping the ground temperature and supplementing nutrition; cleaning the garden in 3 months, and spraying 3-5 Baume lime sulphur mixture before germination; preventing and treating the damage of the oriental fruit moth in 6-7 months; preventing bacterial perforation and brown spot in 7-8 months, preventing leaf roller and moth, preventing early leaf drop, and storing sufficient nutrients.

Description

A method for promoting flower bud differentiation and development of large cherry

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of large cherry cultivation, in particular to a technical system for promoting the differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds.

Background technique

Big cherries, native to the Caribbean Sea of the West Indies in the tropical Americas, are also called West Indian cherries or big cherries and sweet cherries. It is suitable for growing in tropical and subtropical regions with abundant rainfall, sufficient sunshine and suitable temperature. It is famous for being rich in vitamin C and is recognized as the "king of natural VC" and "fruit of life" in the world. Branchlets gray-brown, twigs green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, winter buds ovate, glabrous. Cherry is not resistant to barrenness, poor waterlogging resistance, afraid of drought, avoid strong wind, early flowering, easy to be frozen, its management labor is small, investment cost is low, and economic benefits are high, suitable for Shandong, Liaoning, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei and other places Cultivate. Since large cherries form flower buds in the previous year and bear fruit in the second year, the number of flower buds formed in the previous year and the quality of flower bud differentiation will affect the cherry yield in the coming year. However, in the previous year of flower bud differentiation, fruit farmers often neglected management, and lacked a systematic supporting technical system, resulting in a small number of cherry flower buds and poor quality, resulting in less flowers in the second year or the phenomenon of full flowers and half trees. Therefore, we A set of technical system to promote the flower bud differentiation of big cherry and ensure the quality of flower bud differentiation was studied.

Technical Invention Content

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a set of technical systems for promoting the differentiation of large cherry flower buds and guaranteeing the quality of flower buds, so as to solve the problems of low flower bud differentiation rate, few results and low yield of large cherry trees.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a technical system for promoting the differentiation of large cherry flower buds and development thereof, the technology is suitable for the cherry orchard with Meizao, Brooks and Sammit as the main varieties, and specifically includes The following cultivation techniques:

(1) Rootstock selection, select dwarf rootstocks, such as Gisela 5, Gisela No. 6; or semi-dwarf rootstocks, etc., in order to regulate and control the flower bud differentiation of young trees, and enter the fruit earlier.

(2) Tree shape selection and pruning technology, using improved spindle shape or fine spindle tree shape. Planting large seedlings for 2 years, the height of the seedlings is more than 2 meters. In the first year after the seedlings are planted, a sufficient number of main branches are cultivated through the combination of trunk cutting and wiping buds, and the number of branches formed in that year is about 15; Before hardening, use a toothpick or a branch puller to help open the base angle. In autumn, pull the branches to 90 degrees, and the vigorous branches can be pulled to 110 degrees; continue to carve buds on the main trunk in the second year, cultivate the upper main branches and supplement the lower branches; Carving buds, the method is to carry out interval carving buds on the lateral buds and bottom buds. When the upper branches grow to about 10 cm, leave 7-8 leaves to pick the heart, and then pick them again to promote the formation of flower buds. When the side branches grow to 15 cm, pick the heart to promote the formation of fruiting branches; the opening angle of the main branch of the second year is also carried out. And the branch pulling treatment, the overgrown trees are properly controlled by spraying about 200 times of PBO to promote the formation of flower buds. The spraying time is in the middle and late May.

(3) Cover grass and film, and spread the grass evenly under the canopy after rain or irrigation. After fertilizing and watering in the spring, cover the underside of the tree tray with plastic film.

(4) Water management. During the germination and flower bud differentiation period, water should not be lacking, but it should not be flooded with water. The amount of irrigation should be small, and the degree of "water passing through the ground to dry" is used to promote flower bud differentiation.

(5) Fertilization management, cherries should be applied with enough base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be applied early. Generally, it should be applied before the end of September every year, so as to facilitate the development and absorption of new roots in the current year, so as to store enough nutrients to ensure the differentiation needs of flower buds next year;

Topdressing compound fertilizer before germination, phosphorus fertilizer needs the most during the flower bud differentiation period, pay attention to increase the phosphate fertilizer application in the soil and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliage to promote flower bud differentiation and development. Trees entering the fruiting stage should pay equal attention to phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the flower bud differentiation stage to promote flower bud differentiation under the premise of ensuring fruit growth; topdressing confinement fertilizers in time after fruit harvesting, mainly bio-organic fertilizers; timely topdressing outside the roots, in full bloom period Spray the mixed solution of 0.3% urea, 0.1-0.2% borax and 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation.

(6) Pest and disease prevention, clean the garden in March, and ditch the ground weeds, fallen leaves, etc. and bury them underground to eliminate the sources of overwintering pests and diseases. Before germination, spray 3-5 degrees of lime sulfur mixture, which can prevent diseases and insects, prevent and control pear worms from June to July; prevent bacterial perforation and brown spot disease from July to August, prevent early defoliation, and promote the storage of the year Nutrition, conducive to the differentiation of flower buds in the following year.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this method is: in the method for promoting cherry germination and differentiation, dwarf rootstock, spindle tree shape, planted 2-year-old seedlings are adopted, and measures such as cutting buds, pulling branches, and topping are used to control growth and promote growth. Flowers, through reasonable fertilizer and water management and timely control of pests and diseases to enhance the storage of nutrients, promote the differentiation and development of flower buds, ensure low temperature by mulching grass and film, supplement nutrients, promote flower buds, and spray fertilizer water after fruit picking, which is conducive to the accumulation of fruit trees Nutrition, restore the tree body, and facilitate germination, differentiation and development in the later stage. The above design effectively improves the germination and differentiation of cherry trees and enhances the quality of flower bud development, which is beneficial to the improvement of cherry tree yield.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a technical scheme: a technical system for promoting the differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds, specifically comprising the following cultivation methods:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a technical system for promoting the germination and differentiation of cherries and guaranteeing the quality of flower buds, so as to solve the problems of low germination and differentiation rate of cherries, few results and low yield.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme: described technology is applicable to the cherry orchard of the big cherry such as Mizao, Brooks, Sammit as main planting varieties, specifically comprises following cultivation method:

(1) rootstock selection, select dwarf rootstocks, such as Gisela 5, Gisela No. 6; or semi-dwarf stock Cott, etc., in order to help regulate and control the flower bud differentiation of saplings, and enter the result in advance;

(2) Tree shape selection and pruning, choose improved spindle shape or fine spindle tree shape. Planting large seedlings for 2 years, the height of the seedlings is more than 2 meters. In the first year after planting the seedlings, a sufficient number of main branches are cultivated through the combination of cutting buds on the trunk and wiping buds, and strive to form about 15 branches; and open the angle in time, use a toothpick or pull The branch device helps to spread the base angle. In autumn, the branches can be pulled to 90 degrees, and the vigorous branches can be pulled to 110 degrees; in the second year, continue to carve buds on the main trunk, cultivate the upper main branch and supplement the lower branches; and carve buds on the side branches, the method is to Lateral buds and bottom buds carry out interval carving buds. When the upper branches grow to about 10 cm, leave 7-8 leaves for pinching, and then pick them again to promote the formation of flower buds. When the side branches grow to 15 cm, pinching to promote the formation of long fruiting branches; the same opening angle and In the branch pulling treatment, the overgrown trees are properly controlled by spraying about 200 times of PBO to promote the formation of flower buds. The spraying time is in the middle and late May.

During pruning, attention should be paid to opening the light path, thinning out dense and overly prosperous branches, slowing down moderate branches and weak branches, promoting leaf clump branches, and topping during the growth of new shoots. The medium and strong branches are heavily truncated, and the new shoots are pinched after the branches are developed, and they are cultivated as the scattered fruiting branch group. After the moderate branches and weak branches are released slowly, they can be cultivated into the uniaxial extension fruiting branch group. , pay attention to lightly pruning at the apex of the backbone branches and the 2-3 year old branches of the fruiting branch group.

(3) mulching and mulching

Spread the grass evenly under the canopy after rain or after watering. After fertilizing and watering in spring, cover the underside of the tree with plastic film, and the thickness of the grass covering should be 20-25 cm. After the grass rots, it should be replenished in time. Press some soil on the grass, and do not turn the grass into the ground. This design The mulching effect is good, effectively playing the effect of heat preservation, and at the same time, it has good air permeability, does not affect the root breathing of the cherry, and does not turn the grass to the ground to avoid hurting the roots of the plant.

Spread the grass evenly under the canopy after rain or after watering. After fertilizing and watering in the spring, cover the underside of the tree tray with plastic film.

(4) Moisture management

During the flower bud differentiation period, there should be no shortage of water, but it should not be flooded, and the amount of water should be small. The degree of "water passing through the dry ground" is the degree to promote flower bud differentiation. The watering methods include flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, etc. Try to use drip irrigation technology, water the fruit trees according to the water needs, and try to implement the integration of water and fertilizer technology, and pay attention to dredging the stagnant water in time from June to August.

(5) Fertilization management

For cherries, it is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer, and it is advisable to apply the base fertilizer early. Generally, it should be applied before the end of September every year, so as to facilitate the development and absorption of new roots in the current year, so as to store enough nutrients to ensure the differentiation needs of flower buds next year. Fermented cow and sheep manure is the best, 20,000-30,000 catties per mu.

Topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer before germination, topdressing high-phosphorus compound fertilizer during flower bud differentiation period, pay attention to increase flower bud differentiation and development by adding phosphorus fertilizer to soil and supplementing potassium dihydrogen phosphate on foliage. Trees entering the fruiting stage need both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the flower bud differentiation stage to promote flower bud differentiation on the premise of ensuring fruit growth; topdressing confinement fertilizers in time after fruit harvesting, mainly bio-organic fertilizers.

Timely top dressing outside the roots, such as spraying 0.3% urea, 0.1-0.2% borax, 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture during the full bloom period, can promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation.

During the growth period, radiation can be applied to the ditch and concentrated in the hole, and the fertilizer can be applied after fruit picking. Before germination, 0.135% gibberellin, 0.0006% indole acetic acid and 1.0% manganese, zinc, molybdenum, Boron, the types of fertilizers are mainly quick-acting fertilizers, such as decomposed human excrement, bean cakes and chemical fertilizers. The amount of fertilization can be determined according to the age of the tree, the size of the canopy and the number of results, and it can also be foliar spray.

(6) Pest control

Clean the garden in March, and ditch the weeds and fallen leaves on the ground and bury them in the ground to eliminate the sources of overwintering pests and bacteria. Before germination, spraying 3-5 degrees lime sulfur mixture can prevent diseases and insects; prevent the harm of pear worms from June to July; prevent bacterial perforation and brown spot disease from July to August, prevent early defoliation, and promote the storage of the year Nutrition, conducive to the differentiation of flower buds in the following year.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. A method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds is characterized in that: the cherry variety is a cherry garden taking Meizao, Brukes and Samituo as main cultivars, and the cherry orchard specifically comprises the following cultivation methods:

(1) selecting a stock, namely selecting a dwarfing stock or a semi-dwarfing stock, wherein the dwarfing stock is Gisela No. 5 or Gisela No. 6; the semi-dwarf stock is cote, so as to be beneficial to regulating and controlling flower bud differentiation of the saplings and to enter fruiting in advance;

(2) pruning tree forms, namely selecting improved spindle-shaped or fine spindle-shaped tree forms; planting 2-year-old seedlings with the height of more than 2 m, and cultivating enough main branches in the first year after planting by combining main stem carved buds and bud picking to strive for forming 15 branches; opening the base angle in time, using a toothpick or a branch puller to help open the base angle, and pulling the branch to 90 degrees in autumn; continuously cutting buds of the trunk in the second year, culturing upper main branches and supplementing lower branches; and bud carving is carried out on the lateral branches by carrying out interval bud carving on the lateral buds and the bottom buds; pinching the buds on the back when the buds grow to 10 centimeters, then pinching again to promote the formation of flower buds, pinching the side branches when the side branches grow to 15 centimeters, and promoting the formation of long bearing branches; carrying out opening angle and branch pulling treatment on the current-year main branches, spraying 200 times of PBO on the over-vigorous trees for proper control, and promoting bud formation, wherein the spraying time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months;

(3) straw-covering film

Uniformly spreading the grass under the tree crown after rain or irrigation; after fertilizing and watering in spring, covering a plastic film under the tree tray;

(4) moisture management

The water can not be lack in the differentiation period of the sprouting flower buds, but the sprouting flower buds can not be irrigated by large water in a flooding way, the irrigation amount is small, and the degree of 'water passing through the dry ground skin' is taken as the degree to promote the differentiation of the flower buds;

(5) fertilization management

Sufficient base fertilizer is applied to the cherries, the base fertilizer is preferably applied early, and the base fertilizer is generally applied before the end of 9 months every year so as to be beneficial to the development and absorption of new roots in the same year, store enough nutrition and ensure the differentiation requirement of flower buds in the next year;

applying a compound fertilizer before germination, requiring the most phosphate fertilizer in the flower bud differentiation period, and promoting flower bud differentiation and development by applying phosphate fertilizer in soil and supplementing monopotassium phosphate to leaf surfaces; the trees entering the fruiting period need heavy phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the flower bud differentiation period, and flower bud differentiation is promoted on the premise of ensuring fruit growth;

after fruits are harvested, additional fertilizer for the confinement is applied in time, and the bio-organic fertilizer is mainly used;

timely topdressing the roots, spraying a mixed solution of 0.3 percent of urea, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of borax and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate in the full-bloom stage to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation;

(6) disease and pest control

3, clearing the garden in 3 months, ditching and burying weeds, fallen leaves and the like on the ground underground to eliminate overwintering disease and pest bacteria sources; before germination, spraying 3-5 degrees of lime-sulfur mixture, preventing and controlling diseases, and preventing and controlling the damage of Grapholitha molesta Busck in 6-7 months; preventing bacterial perforation and brown spot in 7-8 months, preventing early leaf drop, promoting the nutrition storage in the same year, and facilitating the flower bud differentiation in the next year;

when the tree form is pruned, removing excessive dense branches and excessive vigorous branches, slowly releasing medium branches and weak branches, promoting growth of leaf clumps, pinching during growth of new shoots, when fruiting branch groups are cultured on two sides of bone trunk branches, heavily cutting the medium strong branches, pinching the new shoots after branching, culturing into sparse fruiting branch groups, culturing into uniaxial extension fruiting branch groups after the medium branches and the weak branches are slowly released, and after a large number of fruits are grown in the full bearing period, slightly shrinking and shearing at 2-3 years of the growing branch sections of the tip of the bone trunk branches and the fruiting branch groups;

the thickness of the grass covering is 20-25 cm, the grass is timely supplemented after rotting, soil is pressed on the grass, and the grass is not turned into the ground.

2. The method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry blossom buds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the watering mode comprises flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation, and attention is paid to timely dredging accumulated water in 6-8 months.